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Attraction, Love, Sex: The Inside Story
by Simon LeVaySex, after hunger, may be the most powerful motivating force in our lives. It drives us to seek intimate contact with others and to form relationships that may be fleeting or lifelong, blissful or troubled. Yet many mysteries surround sex and sexuality: Why don’t we reproduce by virgin birth? Why does so much of our sexual behavior have nothing to do with reproduction? Why isn’t everyone heterosexual? How does the brain create sexual arousal? How do sexual kinks develop? Is porn harmful? What is the relationship between sex and love?In Attraction, Love, Sex, the renowned scholar Simon LeVay introduces readers to a memorable cast of researchers trying to answer these questions and many more. A biologist dredges a New Zealand lake for asexual mud snails. Psychologists measure whether eating a good meal changes a man’s idea of female beauty. Physiologists probe orifices with miniature toilet plungers and place lovers in brain scanners. Geneticists reconstruct the sex crimes of Genghis Khan. Neuroscientists create mice whose sexual behavior can be switched on and off. A zoologist traps and releases 260,000 voles and launches a new science of love.LeVay distills vast expertise on the biology and psychology of sex into an engaging and easy-to-understand survey with scientific acumen, a critical eye, and a sense of humor. This book reveals how scientists are unraveling the secrets of sex and, in the process, shattering many traditional ideas and prejudices.
Attractor Dimension Estimates for Dynamical Systems: Dedicated to Gennady Leonov (Emergence, Complexity and Computation #38)
by Nikolay Kuznetsov Volker ReitmannThis book provides analytical and numerical methods for the estimation of dimension characteristics (Hausdorff, Fractal, Carathéodory dimensions) for attractors and invariant sets of dynamical systems and cocycles generated by smooth differential equations or maps in finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces or on manifolds. It also discusses stability investigations using estimates based on Lyapunov functions and adapted metrics. Moreover, it introduces various types of Lyapunov dimensions of dynamical systems with respect to an invariant set, based on local, global and uniform Lyapunov exponents, and derives analytical formulas for the Lyapunov dimension of the attractors of the Hénon and Lorenz systems. Lastly, the book presents estimates of the topological entropy for general dynamical systems in metric spaces and estimates of the topological dimension for orbit closures of almost periodic solutions to differential equations.
Attribution of Advanced Persistent Threats: How to Identify the Actors Behind Cyber-Espionage
by Timo SteffensAn increasing number of countries develop capabilities for cyber-espionage and sabotage. The sheer number of reported network compromises suggests that some of these countries view cyber-means as integral and well-established elements of their strategical toolbox. At the same time the relevance of such attacks for society and politics is also increasing. Digital means were used to influence the US presidential election in 2016, repeatedly led to power outages in Ukraine, and caused economic losses of hundreds of millions of dollars with a malfunctioning ransomware. In all these cases the question who was behind the attacks is not only relevant from a legal perspective, but also has a political and social dimension.Attribution is the process of tracking and identifying the actors behind these cyber-attacks. Often it is considered an art, not a science.This book systematically analyses how hackers operate, which mistakes they make, and which traces they leave behind. Using examples from real cases the author explains the analytic methods used to ascertain the origin of Advanced Persistent Threats.
Attrition in the Pharmaceutical Industry
by C. John Harris Alexander Alex Dennis A. SmithWith a focus on case studies of R&D programs in a variety of disease areas, the book highlights fundamental productivity issues the pharmaceutical industry has been facing and explores potential ways of improving research effectiveness and efficiency. * Takes a comprehensive and holistic approach to the problems and potential solutions to drug compound attrition* Tackles a problem that adds billions of dollars to drug development programs and health care costs* Guides discovery and development scientists through R&D stages, teaching requirements and reasons why drugs can fail* Discusses potential ways forward utilizing new approaches and opportunities to reduce attrition
Atypical Cognitive Deficits in Developmental Disorders: Implications for Brain Function
by Jordan Grafman Sarah H. BromanThis volume is based on a conference held to examine what is known about cognitive behaviors and brain structure and function in three syndromes and to evaluate the usefulness of such models. The goal of this endeavor is to add to the knowledge base of cognitive neuroscience within a developmental framework. Most of what is known about the neurological basis of cognitive function in humans has been learned from studies of central nervous system trauma or disease in adults. Certain neurodevelopmental disorders affect the central nervous system in unique ways by producing specific as opposed to generalized cognitive deficit. Studies of these disorders using neurobiological and behavioral techniques can yield new insights into the localization of cognitive function and the developmental course of atypical cognitive profiles. The focus of this book is a discussion of the multidisciplinary research findings from studies of autism, and Williams and Turner syndromes. The approaches, methods, techniques, and findings reported are at the cutting edge of neuroscience research on complex behavior patterns and their neural substrates. Each disorder is accompanied by some degree of general cognitive impairment or mental retardation. Of greater interest are the atypical deficits in which a cognitive function is spared, such as language in Williams syndrome, or is disproportionately depressed as are spatial discrimination skills and visual-motor coordination in Turner syndrome. Drastically reduced or seemingly absent language capabilities and little interaction with other people characterize the core autism syndrome. A comprehensive and critical discussion of appropriate statistical techniques is made vivid by examples given from studies of small groups or single subjects in neurolinguistics and related fields.
Au-Catalyzed Synthesis and Functionalization of Heterocycles (Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry #46)
by Marco BandiniThe series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field. All chapters from Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry are published Online First with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry is abbreviated as Top Heterocycl Chem and cited as a journal
Audiology Workbook
by Steven Kramer Larry SmallAudiology Workbook, Third Edition is a companion to the textbook, Audiology: Science to Practice, Third Edition, by Dr. Steven Kramer and Dr. David Brown. It also can serve as an appropriate supplement to any introductory audiology textbook or class lectures. The Workbook focuses on exercises and questions in hearing science and audiology principles and procedures that are beneficial for speech-language or audiology undergraduates and those beginning an AuD graduate program. It is also a great study resource for the Audiology Praxis Exam. The third edition of the Audiology Workbook is composed of an abundance of questions and activities designed to reinforce students' knowledge of concepts and procedures that are, traditionally, difficult to master. There are questions and activities on properties of sound, such as drawing waveforms; calculating frequencies/periods, amplitudes, and phases; anatomy and physiology of the auditory and vestibular systems; and interpreting audiograms, speech tests, tympanograms, acoustic reflexes, and auditory brainstem responses. There are also questions to reinforce knowledge about hearing disorders, including an entire chapter on basic clinical cases. The activities are comprehensive and designed so that they may be solved with relatively short answers and useful for group discussion. Comprehensive answers are also included for each chapter. <P><P> NEW TO THIS EDITION The Audiology Workbook has been extensively revised from the previous edition. This edition updates, expands, and reorganizes material from previous editions but retains the features that worked well, including detailed answers for all of the exercises. More exercises have been added in traditionally difficult areas such as properties of sound, anatomy/physiology, audiogram interpretation/description, and masking. In addition, there are now separate chapters on immittance, OAEs, and ABRs. New to this edition is a separate chapter on vestibular ana
Auditing and GRC Automation in SAP
by Maxim ChuprunovOver the last few years, financial statement scandals, cases of fraud and corruption, data protection violations, and other legal violations have led to numerous liability cases, damages claims, and losses of reputation. As a reaction to these developments, several regulations have been issued: Corporate Governance, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, IFRS, Basel II and III, Solvency II and BilMoG, to name just a few. In this book, compliance is understood as the process, mapped not only in an internal control system, that is intended to guarantee conformity with legal requirements but also with internal policies and enterprise objectives (in particular, efficiency and profitability). The current literature primarily confines itself to mapping controls in SAP ERP and auditing SAP systems. Maxim Chuprunov not only addresses this subject but extends the aim of internal controls from legal compliance to include efficiency and profitability and then well beyond, because a basic understanding of the processes involved in IT-supported compliance management processes are not delivered along with the software. Starting with the requirements for compliance (Part I), he not only answers compliance-relevant questions in the form of an audit guide for an SAP ERP system and in the form of risks and control descriptions (Part II), but also shows how to automate the compliance management process based on SAP GRC (Part III). He thus addresses the current need for solutions for implementing an integrated GRC system in an organization, especially focusing on the continuous control monitoring topics. Maxim Chuprunov mainly targets compliance experts, auditors, SAP project managers and consultants responsible for GRC products as readers for his book. They will find indispensable information for their daily work from the first to the last page. In addition, MBA, management information system students as well as senior managers like CIOs and CFOs will find a wealth of valuable information on compliance in the SAP ERP environment, on GRC in general and its implementation in particular.
Auditory Development and Plasticity: In Honor of Edwin W Rubel (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research #64)
by Arthur N. Popper Richard R. Fay Karina S. Cramer Allison B. CoffinThis volume presents a set of essays that discuss the development and plasticity of the vertebrate auditory system. The topic is one that has been considered before in the Springer Handbook of Auditory Research (volume 9 in 1998, and volume 23 in 2004) but the field has grown substantially and it is appropriate to bring previous material up to date to reflect the wealth of new data and to raise some entirely new topics. At the same time, this volume is also unique in that it is the outgrowth of a symposium honoring two-time SHAR co-editor Professor Edwin W Rubel on his retirement. The focus of this volume, though, is an integrated set of papers that reflect the immense contributions that Dr. Rubel has made to the field over his career. Thus, the volume concurrently presents a topic that is timely for SHAR, but which also honors the pioneer in the field. Each chapter explores development with consideration of plasticity and how it becomes limited over time. The editors have selected authors with professional, and often personal, connections to Dr. Rubel, though all are, in their own rights, outstanding scholars and leaders in their fields. The specific audience will be graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and established psychologists and neuroscientists who are interested in auditory function, development, and plasticity. This volume will also be of interest to hearing scientists and to the broad neuroscience community because many of the ideas and principles associate with the auditory system are applicable to most sensory systems. The volume is organized to appeal to psychophysicists, neurophysiologists, anatomists, and systems neuroscientists who attend meetings such as those held by the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, the Acoustical Society of America, and the Society for Neuroscience.
Auditory Effects of Microwave Radiation
by James C. LinThis book examines the human auditory effects of exposure to directed beams of high-power microwave pulses, which research results have shown can cause a cascade of health events when aimed at a human subject or the subject’s head. The book details multidisciplinary investigations using physical theories and models, physiological events and phenomena, and computer analysis and simulation. Coverage includes brain anatomy and physiology, dosimetry of microwave power deposition, microwave auditory effect, interaction mechanisms, shock/pressure wave induction, Havana syndrome, and application in microwave thermoacoustic tomography (MTT). The book will be welcomed by scientists, academics, health professionals, government officials, and practicing biomedical engineers as an important contribution to the continuing study of the effects of microwave pulse absorption on humans.
Auditory Information Processing
by Harunori OhmoriThis book explains neural function at the level of ion channels and membrane excitability in neurons along the ascending auditory pathway. Airborne sound information is captured by the ears, transformed to neural electrical signals, and then processed in the brain. Readers will find full descriptions of these processes of signal transduction and transformation. First, it is described how, at the level of hair cells, the receptor cells in the cochlea, the sound-evoked vibration is transduced to electrical signals and transmitted to the auditory nerve fibers. In the second section it is explained how the electrical activity of these fibers is processed at the cochlear nucleus in order to extract the temporal and level information of sound separately and then transmitted to the third nucleus for processing of the interaural differences, such as the interaural time difference and the interaural level difference. The third section summarizes the transformation of auditory temporal information to the rate of neural firing activity in the midbrain and the higher nuclei, including the cortex, based on in vivo results. Finally, emerging new technologies to investigate auditory signal processing are reviewed and discussed.
Auditory Neuroscience: Making Sense of Sound
by Andrew King Jan Schnupp Israel NelkenThis book offers an integrated account of hearing in terms of the neural processes that take place in different parts of the auditory system. Hearing results from the interplay of so many physical, biological, and psychological processes, the different aspects of hearing--including acoustics, the mathematics of signal processing, the physiology of the ear and central auditory pathways, psychoacoustics, speech, and music--into a coherent whole.
Auditory Prostheses: New Horizons (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research #39)
by Arthur N. Popper Richard R. Fay Fan-Gang ZengCochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combined acoustic-electric stimulation, and other types of auditory prostheses, nor did it review brain plasticity in responses to electric stimulation and its perceptual and language consequences. This proposed volume takes off from Volume 20, and expands the examination of implants into new and highly exciting areas. This edited book starts with an overview and introduction by Dr. Fan-Gang Zeng. Chapters 2-9 cover technological development and the advances in treating the full spectrum of ear disorders in the last ten years. Chapters 10-15 discuss brain responses to electric stimulation and their perceptual impact. This volume is particularly exciting because there have been quantum leap from the traditional technology discussed in Volume 20. Thus, this volume is timely and will be of real importance to the SHAR audience.
Auditory and Vestibular Efferents (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research #38)
by Arthur N. Popper Richard R. Fay David K. RyugoEfferent sensory systems have emerged as major components of processing by the central nervous system. Whereas the afferent sensory systems bring environmental information into the brain, efferent systems function to monitor, sharpen, and attend selectively to certain stimuli while ignoring others. This ability of the brain to implement these functions enables the organism to make fine discriminations and to respond appropriately to environmental conditions so that survival is enhanced. Our focus will be on auditory and vestibular efferents, topics linked together by the inner ear connection. The biological utility of the efferent system is striking. How it functions is less well understood, and with each new discovery, more questions arise. The book that is proposed here reflects our vision to share what is known on the topic by authors who actually have made the observations.
Auditory and Vestibular Research: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1427)
by Bernd SokolowskiWhile early studies of the auditory/vestibular sciences provided insights into the anatomy and neurophysiology of these systems and produced a prosthetic cochlear implant, the rise of molecular biology now permits a clear examination of the genetic basis for various hearing and balance disorders. In Auditory and Vestibular Research: Methods and Protocols, specialists in the field describe current RNA, protein, and imaging protocols that have provided insights into genetic regulation as well as a greater understanding of the genes and pathogens involved in diseases of the ear. This overview utilizes both mammalian and non-mammalian animal models as well as techniques applicable to clinical studies in order to best provide an up-to-date perspective on basic research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include brief introductions to their subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and Notes sections, highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Auditory and Vestibular Research: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide to the field and a useful tool for exploring genes and proteins in other systems as well, especially systems in which tissues are scarce and a comparative approach lends itself to discovering the underlying causes of human disorders.
Auditory and Visual Sensations
by Yoichi Ando Peter CarianiAndo establishes a theory of subjective preference of the sound field in a concert hall, based on preference theory with a model of human auditory- brain system. The model uses the autocorrelation function and the interaural crosscorrelation function for signals arriving at two ear entrances and considers the specialization of human cerebral hemispheres. The theory may be applied to describe primary sensations such as pitch or missing fundamental, loudness, timbre, and duration. The theory may also be applied to visual sensations as well as subjective preference of visual environments. Remarkable findings in activities in both auditory-brain and visual-brain systems in relation to subjective preference as a primitive response are described.
Audrey and Apollo 11 (Smithsonian Historical Fiction)
by Rebecca RissmanScience-obsessed Audrey is a fifth grader in Houston, Texas, who dreams of one day working at NASA, like her dad does. Dad, however, is nothing but discouraging. Audrey doesn't give up, though. She's created her own model rocket. When it doesn't fly, she figures out a way to fix it that ends up helping the Apollo 11 astronauts after they land on the Moon. Will Audrey's dad come around? And will Audrey have a future in science?
Auf dem Weg ins Anthropozän: Zuversichtlich nachhaltige Entwicklung gestalten (essentials)
by Ronald DeckertAuf dem Weg vom Holozän ins aufkommende Zeitalter des Anthropozäns zeichnen sich essenzielle und existenzielle Herausforderungen für die Menschheit ab. Der Weg in Richtung einer nachhaltigeren Zukunft braucht bei wissenschaftlicher Grundlegung und Interdisziplinarität vor allem tatkräftiges Engagement vieler Menschen auf allen Ebenen. Hierfür zeigt das essential Orientierungslinien auf.
Auf dem Weg zu Netto-Null-Zielen: Nutzung von Data Science für Langzeit-Nachhaltigkeitswege
by Neha Sharma Prithwis Kumar DeDieses Buch diskutiert die Verwendung von Technologie, Data Science und Open Data, um das Netto-Null-Emissionsziel des Pariser Abkommens zum Klimawandel zu erreichen. Es gibt viele Diskussionen über Nachhaltigkeit und Lösungen für den Klimawandel, um die negativen Auswirkungen zu mildern. Die Verwendung von Technologiehebeln zur Bewältigung von Klimaherausforderungen wird jedoch selten als der bedeutendste Katalysator betrachtet. Die verfügbare Forschung in diesem Bereich ist im Allgemeinen qualitativer Natur, bei der Technologie und Daten noch nicht genutzt wurden. Durch den Einsatz von KI/ML sagt das Buch die Klimawandelfolgen aufgrund von Investitionen in den fossilen Brennstoffsektor voraus, schätzt die CO2-Emissionen des Verkehrssektors, prognostiziert die durch nicht erneuerbare Energiequellen verursachte durchschnittliche Landtemperatur und segmentiert indische Bundesstaaten auf der Grundlage von Haushalts-CO2-Emissionen. Die Forscher, Entscheidungsträger, Studenten, Lehrer, Bildungseinrichtungen, Regierungen, Regulierungsbehörden, Unternehmen, internationale Organisationen usw. werden immens von diesem Buch profitieren. Darüber hinaus soll dieses Buch dazu dienen, den nächsten Generationen eine dekarbonisierte Umgebung und eine bessere Zukunft zu bieten.
Auf dem Weg zum Nullemissionsgebäude: Grundlagen, Lösungsansätze, Beispiele
by Manfred SchmidtEnergie erzeugende Gebäude erzeugen die zu ihrem Betrieb benötigte Energie zum Teil oder gänzlich selbst. Um die dafür benötigte Energie zu quantifizieren, werden die nötigen Bedingungen für das Raumklima und den Gebäudeerhalt und der sich daraus ergebende Energiebedarf für Gebäude dargestellt. Die Anlagen zur Gebäudeenrgieversorgung und die Strategien ihrer Bemessung werden erläutert. Wegen des stochastischen Charakters der zur Energieversorgung bereit stehenden Energien wird auf die Rolle von Energiespeichern, den Speichermedien und deren Rückwirkung auf die Gebäudegestaltung einzugehen. Die Klassifikation von Niedrig- bzw. Nullemissionshäusern, relevante Beispiele und deren betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung schließen das Buch ab.
Auf der Spur der Hacker
by Timo SteffensProfessionelle Hackerangriffe (sogenannte Advanced Persistent Threats) treffen heutzutage Regierungen, Unternehmen und sogar kritische Infrastrukturen wie Flughäfen oder Stromnetzbetreiber. Herauszufinden, welche Täter und Auftraggeber dahinter stecken, wird zunehmend wichtiger. Wenn man die Ursprünge eines Angriffs und seine Motive kennt, kann man sich besser schützen und die Konsequenzen eines Datendiebstahls effektiver begrenzen.Damit die Frage, ob ein Angriff aus Russland, China, einem anderen Land, oder von gewöhnlichen Kriminellen durchgeführt wurde, nicht eine Frage des Glaubens oder Bauchgefühls bleibt, soll dieses Buch einen Blick hinter die Kulissen der Ermittler und Analysten werfen. Ausführlich erläutert der Autor die IT-technischen Methoden, mit denen man den Tätern auf die Spur kommt, aber auch, wo diese Methoden an Grenzen stoßen. Zahlreiche Beispiele von aufwändigen Angriffen der letzten Jahre zeigen, wie die Täter falsche Fährten legen, oft genug aber auch Fehler machen, die sie überführen.So bietet der Autor, der seit mehreren Jahren gezielte Hackerangriffe von Spionagegruppen auf Behörden und Unternehmen untersucht, einen spannenden Blick hinter die Kulissen der Ermittler und Analysten. Neben Sicherheitsexperten staatlicher Behörden, Unternehmen, Stiftungen und NGOs, die regelmäßig zum Ziel von Cyberkriminalität werden, finden auch technische Journalisten und interessierte Laien in diesem Buch eine Fülle an Hintergrundwissen zur IT-Forensik.
Aufbruch ins Industriezeitalter – Zukunftswerkstätten der Neuzeit
by Gerhard ZweckbronnerWir leben in einer von Technik geprägten Welt. Dieses Sachbuch möchte ein Grundverständnis für technische Funktionsweisen und Zusammenhänge vermitteln. Es zeigt historische Entwicklungswege bis in die Gegenwart auf und macht deutlich, vor welche Entscheidungen wir heute gestellt sind. Wer sich in unserer hochtechnisierten Welt besser orientieren möchte, dem könnte ein Blick in die Zukunftswerkstätten der Vergangenheit helfen: jener Zeiten des Aufbruchs, in denen, ausgehend vom europäischen Kulturkreis, die mentalen und wissenschaftlich-technischen Grundlagen unserer modernen Lebenswelt geschaffen wurden. Kühne Fortschrittserwartungen, weit ausgreifende Visionen, aber auch warnende Stimmen begleiten die Entwicklung bis zum heutigen Tag.
Aufgabensammlung Physik für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Wiley-VCHEtwas zu lernen ist eine Sache, es später umzusetzen noch einmal eine ganz andere. Aber keine Sorge, dieses Buch enthält ausreichend Übungsaufgaben, um verschiedene Aufgabentypen kennenzulernen und erfolgreich zu lösen. Die Themengebiete reichen von der Bewegungslehre über Schwingungen und Fluide bis zur Thermodynamik. Ausführliche Lösungen ermöglichen es, auch schwierige Aufgaben nachzuvollziehen und so endlich zu verstehen. Die nächste Prüfung kann also kommen.
Aufgabensammlung Technische Mechanik
by Alfred Böge Wolfgang BögeDieses Buch ist Teil des Lehr- und Lernsystems Technische Mechanik. Es enthält über 900 Aufgaben, mit denen die erworbenen Kenntnisse aus dem Unterricht angewendet und eine erfolgreiche Prüfungsvorbereitung durchgeführt werden kann. Die aktuelle Auflage harmonisiert die Formelzeichen bei der Aufgabensammlung und dem Lösungsbuch. Durch die Übernahme von gegebenen Zahlenwerten in die Aufgabentexte wurden viele Aufgaben vereinfacht.
Aufgabensammlung Technische Mechanik
by Alfred Böge Wolfgang BögeDieses Buch mit über 900 Aufgaben und Verständnisfragen ist ein Element des 4-teiligen Lehr- und Lernsystems Technische Mechanik. Es unterstützt die Vertiefung und Anwendung des in der technischen Ausbildung erlernten Wissens und ist Ihr Begleiter in der erfolgreichen Prüfungsvorbereitung. Die aktuelle 26. Auflage wurde neben allgemeinen Korrekturen und Verbesserungen vor allem um Aufgaben zum schrägen Wurf, dem Dynamischen Grundgesetz sowie zur Reißlänge erweitert. Ebenso gibt es neue Aufgaben u. a. zu Wärmespannungen, den Hertzschen Gleichungen und zur Knickbeanspruchung.