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The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History
by Carolyn MerchantMerchant provides a context-setting overview of American environmental history from the beginning of the millennium; an encyclopedia of important concepts, people, agencies, and laws; a chronology of major events; and an extensive bibliography including films, videos, CD-ROMs, and websites.
The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History (Columbia Guides to American History and Cultures)
by Carolyn MerchantHow and why have Americans living at particular times and places used and transformed their environment? How have political systems dealt with conflicts over resources and conservation? This is the only major reference work to explore all the major themes and debates of the burgeoning field of environmental history. Humanity´s relationship with the natural world is one of the oldest and newest topics in human history. The issue emerged as a distinct field of scholarship in the early 1970s and has been growing steadily ever since. The discipline´s territory and sources are rich and varied and include climactic and geological data, court records, archaeological digs, and the writings of naturalists, as well as federal and state economic and resource development and conservation policy. Environmental historians investigate how and why natural and human-created surroundings affect a society´s development. Merchant provides a context-setting overview of American environmental history from the beginning of the millennium; an encyclopedia of important concepts, people, agencies, and laws; a chronology of major events; and an extensive bibliography including films, videos, CD-Roms, and websites. This concise "first stop" reference for students and general readers contains an accessible overview of environmental history; a mini-encyclopedia of ideas, people, legislation, and agencies; a chronology of events and their significance; and a bibliography of books, magazines, and journals as well as films, videos, CD-ROMs, and online resources. In addition to providing a wealth of factual information, The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History explores contentious issues in this much-debated field, from the idea of wilderness to global warming. How and why have Americans living at particular times and places used and transformed their environment? How have political systems dealt with conflicts over resources and conservation? This is the only major reference work to explore all the major themes and debates in the burgeoning field of environmental history. Humanity's relationship with the natural world is one of the oldest and newest topics in human history. The issue emerged as a distinct field of scholarship in the early 1970s and has been growing steadily ever since. The discipline's territory and sources are rich and varied and include climatic and geological data, court records, archaeological digs, and the writings of naturalists, as well as federal and state economic and resource development and conservation policy. Environmental historians investigate how and why natural and human-created surroundings affect a society's development. Merchant provides a context-setting overview of American environmental history from the precolonial land-use practice of Native Americans and concluding with twenty-first concerns over global warming. The book also includes a glossary of important concepts, people, agencies, and legislation; a chronology of major events; and an extensive bibliography including films, videos, CD-ROMs, and websites.This concise reference for students and general readers contains an accessible overview of American environmental history; a mini-encyclopedia of ideas, people, legislation, and agencies; a chronology of events and their significance; and a bibliography of books, magazines, and journals as well as films, videos, CD-ROMs, and online resources. In addition to providing a wealth of factual information, The Columbia Guide to American Environmental History explores contentious issues in this much-debated field, from the idea of wilderness to global warming.
The Combination Products Handbook: A Practical Guide for Combination Products and Other Combined Use Systems
by Susan W. B. NeadleCombination products are therapeutic and diagnostic products that combine drugs, devices, and/or biological products. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), “a combinationproduct is one composed of any combination of a drug and a device; a biological product anda device; a drug and a biological product; or a drug, device and a biological product.” Examplesinclude prefilled syringes, pen injectors, autoinjectors, inhalers, transdermal patches, drug-elutingstents, and kits containing drug administration devices co-packaged with drugs and/or biologicalproducts. This handbook provides the most up-to-date information on the development of combinationproducts, from the technology involved to successful delivery to market. The authors presentimportant and up-to-the-minute pre- and post-market reviews of combination product regulations,guidance, considerations and best practices. This handbook: • Brings clarity of understanding for combination products guidance and regulations • Reviews the current state-of-the-art considerations and best practices spanning the combination product lifecycle, pre-market through post-market • Reviews medical product classification and assignment issues faced by global regulatory authorities and industry The editor is a recognized international Combination Products and Medical Device expert withover 35 years of industry experience and has an outstanding team of contributors. Endorsed byAAMI – Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.
The Combinatory Systems Theory: A Powerful Theory for Understanding, Modeling and Simulating Collective Phenomena (Progress in IS)
by Piero MellaThis book adopts the logic of Systems Thinking and Control Systems, presenting a simple but complete theory called the Theory of Combinatory Systems. This new theory describes, interprets, explains, and simulates collective phenomena and their observable effects. Such collective phenomena – many of which are “one way", non-repeatable or reproducible – can all be described and understood using the model, as simple as it is general, of combinatory systems; that is, systems formed by collectivities, or populations of non-connected and unorganized individuals of some species, which appear to be directed by an invisible hand that guides the analogous actions of similar individuals in order to produce an emerging collective phenomenon. This edition includes enhanced theories such as an analysis of potential interactions between combinatory systems and their dynamics, highlighting the role of the environment in which such systems operate. It also includes new examples and enhanced figures that illustrate how combinatory systems are observed in social, biological and physical contexts.
The Coming Authoritarian Ecology
by Fabrice FlipoThe book examines ecological issues such as climate change and biodiversity, articulating local and global scales, and short and long term perspectives, questioning what “development” and “progress” are. The goal is to show how diverging points of view are conflictingly articulated to one another, in a political ideology perspective. This perspective, which is close to the main actor's point of view, allows displacement of the usual analysis, and offers a new synthesis.
The Coming Population Crash and Our Planet's Surprising Future
by Fred PearceA leading environmental writer looks at the unexpected effects—and possible benefits—of a shrinking, graying population. Over the last century, the world’s population quadrupled and fears of overpopulation flared, with baby booms blamed for genocide and terrorism, and overpopulation singled out as the primary factor driving global warming. Yet, surprisingly, it appears that the population explosion is past its peak—by mid-century, the world’s population will be declining for the first time in over seven hundred years. In The Coming Population Crash, veteran environmental writer Fred Pearce reveals the dynamics behind this dramatic shift and describes the environmental, social, and economic effects of our surprising demographic future.
The Coming of Age of Solar and Wind Power (Green Energy and Technology)
by Tariq Muneer Eulalia Jadraque Gago Saioa Etxebarria BerrizbeitiaThis book focuses on the current situation of two technologies for electricity production from renewable energy sources, wind and solar photovoltaic energy, analysing and describing both technologies in detail. Four regions of the world, with distinct energy markets and conditions, are explored. Together, the USA, Europe, China and Japan represent one third of the world’s population and occupy 25% of the planet, therefore offering a representation of a global picture. In each of these regions, the development of the solar and wind energy is examined, and the economic implications are described.
The Commercial Use of Biodiversity: Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (Routledge Library Editions: Ecology #15)
by Sarah A Laird Kerry Ten KateOriginally published in 1999 The Commercial Use of Biodiversity examines how biodiversity and the genetic material it contains are now as valuable resources. Access to genetic resources and their commercial development involve a wide range of parties such as conservation and research institutes, local communities, government agencies and companies. Equitable partnerships are not only crucial to conservation and economic development but are also in the interests of business and often required by law. In this authoritative and comprehensive volume, the authors explain the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity on access and benefit-sharing, the effect of national laws to implement these, and aspects of typical contracts for the transfer of materials. They provide a unique sector-by-sector analysis of how genetic resources are used, the scientific, technological and regulatory trends and the different markets in Pharmaceuticals, Botanical Medicines, Crop Development, Horticulture, Crop Protection, Biotechnology (in fields other than healthcare and agriculture) and Personal Care and Cosmetics Products. This will be an essential sourcebook for all those in the commercial chain, from raw material collection to product discovery, development and marketing, for governments and policy-makers drafting laws on access and for all the institutions, communities and individuals involved in the conservation, use, study and commercialisation of genetic resources.
The Common Bean Genome
by Marcelino Pérez de la Vega Marta Santalla Frédéric MarsolaisThis book provides insights into the genetics and the latest advances in genomics research on the common bean, offering a timely overview of topics that are pertinent for future developments in legume genomics. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume crop for food consumption worldwide, as well as a model for legume research, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the ongoing research on the species. Key topics covered include the numerous genetic and genomic resources, available tools, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, and there is a particular emphasis on domestication. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of the common bean and legumes in general.
The Common Scientist of the Seventeenth Century: A Study of the Dublin Philosophical Society, 1683-1708 (Routledge Library Editions: History & Philosophy of Science)
by K Theodore HoppenLearned societies, such as the Royal Society of London and the Dublin Philosophical Society were a central feature of the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. This volume shows that a study of the work and membership of these groups is essential before any realistic assessment can be made of the scientific world at this time. Based on a wide range of manuscript and other sources, this book illuminates, by means of an examination of a particular group of natural philosophers, on problems of general interest to all those concerned with the wider aspects of science in this period.
The Communicating Scientist: A Practical Handbook
by Joanna Bagniewska Olle Bergman Sarang ParkAre you a researcher, science professional, or student looking to communicate more clearly and effectively in academia and beyond? The Communicating Scientist has got you covered! This essential guide consists of three easy-to-navigate sections: 1. Theoretical Framework: Plant your feet into a robust foundation that draws on areas from ancient rhetoric to modern psychology, while incorporating insights from marketing, social media, and journalism. This section equips you with the "why" behind effective communication. 2. Core Skills and Techniques: Build a central toolkit for communication activities of science and tech professionals, along with practical tips and suggestions. 3. A Practical Recipe Book: Get step-by-step instructions and hands-on tips from experts for 24 specific communication scenarios, as diverse as writing a grant proposal, developing an elevator pitch, doing a media interview, or curating an online presence. This handbook isn't just another academic communication guide. The Communicating Scientist draws on the knowledge, experience, and tricks of the trade from professional communicators, while remaining strongly rooted in a scientific context. It will help you with scientific peer-to-peer communication, disseminating research to the general public, and collaborating with external partners. Written in a conversational and approachable style, The Communicating Scientist is accessible and appropriate for Communicating Scientists at all stages of their professional journey.
The Community Forests of Mexico: Managing for Sustainable Landscapes
by David Barton Bray Merino-Pérez Leticia Deborah BarryThe contributors to this book are established researchers in the field, as well as many of the important actors in Mexico's nongovernmental organization sector. Some articles are case studies of community forest management programs in the states of Michoacán, Oaxaca, Durango, Quintana Roo, and Guerrero. Others provide broader historical and contemporary overviews of various aspects of community forest management. As a whole, this volume clearly establishes that the community forest sector in Mexico is large, diverse, and has achieved unusual maturity in doing what communities in the rest of the world are only beginning to explore: how to balance community income with forest conservation. In this process, Mexican communities are also managing for sustainable landscapes and livelihoods.
The Comparative Approach in Evolutionary Anthropology and Biology
by Nunn Charles L.Comparison is fundamental to evolutionary anthropology. When scientists study chimpanzee cognition, for example, they compare chimp performance on cognitive tasks to the performance of human children on the same tasks. And when new fossils are found, such as those of the tiny humans of Flores, scientists compare these remains to other fossils and contemporary humans. Comparison provides a way to draw general inferences about the evolution of traits and therefore has long been the cornerstone of efforts to understand biological and cultural diversity. Individual studies of fossilized remains, living species, or human populations are the essential units of analysis in a comparative study; bringing these elements into a broader comparative framework allows the puzzle pieces to fall into place, creating a means of testing adaptive hypotheses and generating new ones. With this book, Charles L. Nunn intends to ensure that evolutionary anthropologists and organismal biologists have the tools to realize the potential of comparative research. Nunn provides a wide-ranging investigation of the comparative foundations of evolutionary anthropology in past and present research, including studies of animal behavior, biodiversity, linguistic evolution, allometry, and cross-cultural variation. He also points the way to the future, exploring the new phylogeny-based comparative approaches and offering a how-to manual for scientists who wish to incorporate these new methods into their research.
The Comparative Approach in Evolutionary Anthropology and Biology
by Charles L. NunnComparison is fundamental to evolutionary anthropology. When scientists study chimpanzee cognition, for example, they compare chimp performance on cognitive tasks to the performance of human children on the same tasks. And when new fossils are found, such as those of the tiny humans of Flores, scientists compare these remains to other fossils and contemporary humans. Comparison provides a way to draw general inferences about the evolution of traits and therefore has long been the cornerstone of efforts to understand biological and cultural diversity. Individual studies of fossilized remains, living species, or human populations are the essential units of analysis in a comparative study; bringing these elements into a broader comparative framework allows the puzzle pieces to fall into place, creating a means of testing adaptive hypotheses and generating new ones. With this book, Charles L. Nunn intends to ensure that evolutionary anthropologists and organismal biologists have the tools to realize the potential of comparative research. Nunn provides a wide-ranging investigation of the comparative foundations of evolutionary anthropology in past and present research, including studies of animal behavior, biodiversity, linguistic evolution, allometry, and cross-cultural variation. He also points the way to the future, exploring the new phylogeny-based comparative approaches and offering a how-to manual for scientists who wish to incorporate these new methods into their research.
The Comparative Economics of Plantation Forestry: A Global Assessment (Routledge Revivals)
by Roger A. SedjoPlantation forestry is the planting, managing, and harvesting of trees for the production of industrial wood. Originally published in 1983, the principal focus and contribution of the study lies in Roger Sedjo’s examination of the economic returns in twelve forest regions throughout the world. The results of the analysis strongly demonstrate the feasibility of major expansion of plantation forestry in a number of areas around the world and suggest the likelihood of major shifts in the principal supply areas. The results also have potentially important implications for countering the threats of deforestation. This title will be of interest for students of Environmental Studies.
The Comparative Embryology of Sponges
by Alexander V. EreskovskyOne of the major questions in the evolution of animals is the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization, which resulted in the emergence of Metazoa through a hypothetical Urmetazoa. The Comparative Embryology of Sponges contains abundant original and literary data on comparative embryology and morphology of the Porifera (Sponges), a group of 'lower Metazoa'. On the basis of this material, original typization of the development of Sponges is given and the problems concerning origin and evolution of Porifera and their ontogenesis are discussed. A morphogenetic interpretation of the body plan development during embryogenesis, metamorphosis and asexual reproduction in Sponges is proposed. Special attention is given to the analysis of characteristic features of the ontogenesis in Porifera. The book pursues three primary goals: 1) generalization of all existing information on individual development of sponges, its classification and a statement according to taxonomical structure of Porifera; 2) revealing of heterogeneity of morphogenesis and peculiarities of ontogeneses in various clades of Porifera, and also their correlations with the organization, both adult sponges, and their larvae; 3) revealing homology of morphogeneses in both Porifera and Eumetazoa, testifying to the general evolutionary roots of multicellular animals, and peculiar features of sponges' morphogeneses and ontogenesis. This book will be of interest to embryologists, zoologists, morphologists and researchers in evolutionary biology.
The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies
by Charles C. RaginProfessor Ragin proposes a synthetic new strategy, based on an application of Boolean algebra, that will combine the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative sociology. Elegantly accessible and germane to the work of all the social sciences, this book will garner interest, debate, and praise from many quarters.
The Compass of Pleasure
by David J. LindenFrom the New York Times bestselling author comes a "hugely entertaining" (NPR. org) look at vice and virtue through cutting-edge science As he did in his award-winning book The Accidental Mind, David J. Linden—highly regarded neuroscientist, professor, and writer—weaves empirical science with entertaining anecdotes to explain how the gamut of behaviors that give us a buzz actually operates. The Compass of Pleasure makes clear why drugs like nicotine and heroin are addictive while LSD is not, how fast food restaurants ensure that diners will eat more, why some people cannot resist the appeal of a new sexual encounter, and much more. Provocative and illuminating, this is a radically new and thorough look at the desires that define us. .
The Compass of Pleasure
by David J. LindenA leading brain scientist's look at the neurobiology of pleasure-and how pleasures can become addictions. Whether eating, taking drugs, engaging in sex, or doing good deeds, the pursuit of pleasure is a central drive of the human animal. In The Compass of Pleasure Johns Hopkins neuroscientist David J. Linden explains how pleasure affects us at the most fundamental level: in our brain. As he did in his award-winning book, The Accidental Mind, Linden combines cutting-edge science with entertaining anecdotes to illuminate the source of the behaviors that can lead us to ecstasy but that can easily become compulsive. Why are drugs like nicotine and heroin addictive while LSD is not? Why has the search for safe appetite suppressants been such a disappointment? The Compass of Pleasure concludes with a provocative consideration of pleasure in the future, when it may be possible to activate our pleasure circuits at will and in entirely novel patterns.
The Compassionate Brain: A Revolutionary Guide to Developing Your Intelligence to Its Full Potential
by Gerald HütherHere is the ultimate explanation of the brain for everyone who thinks: a guide to how the brain works, how our brains came to operate the way they do, and, most important, how to use your precious gray matter to its full capacity. The brain, according to current research, is not some kind of automatic machine that works independently of its user. In fact, the circuitry of the brain actually changes according to how one uses it. Our brains are continuously developing new capacities and refinements--or losing them, depending upon how we use them. Gerald Hüther takes us on a fascinating tour of the brain's development--from one-celled organisms to worms, moles, apes, and on to us humans--showing how we truly are what we think: our behavior directly affects our brain capacity. And the behavior that promotes the fullest development of the brain is behavior that balances emotion and intellect, dependence and autonomy, openness and focus, and ultimately expresses itself in such virtues as truthfulness, considerateness, sincerity, humility, and love. Hüther's user's-manual approach is humorous and engaging, with a minimum of technical language, yet the book's message is profound: the fundamental nature of our brains and nervous systems naturally leads to our continued growth in intelligence and humanity.
The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach To Life's Challenges (Compassion Focused Therapy Ser.)
by Paul GilbertThroughout history people have sought to cope with a life that is often stressful and hard. We have actually known for some time that developing compassion for oneself and others can help us face up to and win through the hardship and find a sense of inner peace. However in modern societies we rarely focus on this key process that underpins successful coping and happiness and can be quick to dismiss the impact of modern living on our minds and well-being. Instead we concentrate on 'doing, achieving' and having'. Now, bestselling author and leading authority on depression, Professor Paul Gilbert explains how new research shows how we can all learn to develop compassion for ourselves and others and derive the benefits of this age-old wisdom. In this ground-breaking new book he explores how our minds have developed to be highly sensitive and quick to react to perceived threats and how this fast-acting threat-response system can be a source of anxiety, depression and aggression. He describes how studies have also shown that developing kindness and compassion for self and others can hep in calming down the threat system: as a mother's care and love can soothe a baby's distress, so we can learn how to soothe ourselves. Not only does compassion help to soothe distressing emotions, it actually increases feelings of contentment and well-being. Here, Professor Gilbert outlines the latest findings about the value of compassion and how it works, and takes readers through basic mind training exercises to enhance the capacity for, and use of, compassion.
The Competitiveness Report of Zhongguancun Listed Companies (2019)
by Zhongguancun Listed Companies AssociationThis book is based on the comprehensive grasp and analysis of the financial data of ZLCs and In-depth observations by ZLCA for many years. This book will objectively present the capital market distribution, overall scale, profitability, innovation ability and social contribution of ZLCs from multiple dimensions, and carry out thematic analysis and research on the high proportion of accounts receivable to current assets in ZLCs in recent years, aiming at objectively presenting their competitive strength and development status. Whether you are an investor, an economic researcher or the general public interested in Z-Park, this book will be an important way for you to understand the latest development of Z-Park and the high-quality listed companies in Z-Park.
The Complete Book of Holograms: How They Work and How to Make Them
by Joseph E. Kasper Steven A. Feller"I predict that Kasper and Feller will become a standard reference on holography for students and interested laymen." -- James A. Van Allen.For most nonscientists, holograms are an intriguing -- if not mesmerizing -- mystery. How are these seemingly magical images created and what makes them appear to be three-dimensional? This fascinating book not only offers the answers to these and other questions about holography -- it even gives step-by-step instructions so that readers can manufacture their own holograms.Written in a lively, stimulating style, The Complete Book of Holograms provides a thorough, easy-to-understand explanation of the theory and science of making holograms. The physical basis of holography is introduced through a discussion of interference patterns in water waves and in light waves. Without complicated mathematics or physics, the authors explain the two models of holography -- the geometric and the more complex zone-plate model -- and the several different types of holograms, including transmission, reflection, phase, projection, rainbow, multiplex, and others. They explain how to copy holograms; describe special techniques and applications; and discuss potential uses for holography, including the use of holograms in movies, television, and data storage. They also present some basic setups for making holograms and show readers how to create their own -- using little more than simple photographic equipment and an inexpensive laser. Two appendixes give advice on laser safety and list sources of material and further information.
The Complete Dinosaur: The Most Complete, Up-to-date Encyclopedia For Dinosaur Lovers Of All Ages (Life of the Past)
by M. K. Brett-Surman, Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. James O. Farlow Bob Walters, Art ConsultantA new edition of the illustrated compendium that is &“a gift to serious dinosaur enthusiasts&” (Science). What do we know about dinosaurs, and how do we know it? How did they grow, move, eat, and reproduce? Were they warm-blooded or cold-blooded? How intelligent were they? How are the various groups of dinosaurs related to each other, and to other kinds of living and extinct vertebrates? What can the study of dinosaurs tell us about the process of evolution? And why did typical dinosaurs become extinct? These questions and more are addressed in this new, expanded edition of The Complete Dinosaur. Written by leading experts on the &“fearfully great&” reptiles, the book covers what we have learned about dinosaurs, from the earliest discoveries to the most recent controversies. Where scientific contention exists, the editors have let the experts agree to disagree. The Complete Dinosaur is a feast for serious dinosaur lovers, from the enthusiastic amateur to the professional paleontologist. Praise for the first edition: &“An excellent encyclopedia that serves as a nice bridge between popular and scholarly dinosaur literature.&” —Library Journal (starred review) &“Stimulating armchair company for cold winter evenings. . . . Best of all, the book treats dinosaurs as intellectual fun.&” —New Scientist &“Useful both as a reference and as a browse-and-enjoy compendium.&” —Natural History &“Copiously illustrated and scrupulously up-to-date.&” —Publishers Weekly &“The amount of information in [these] pages is amazing. This book should be on the shelves of dinosaur freaks as well as those who need to know more about the paleobiology of extinct animals. It will be an invaluable library reference.&” —American Reference Books Annual
The Complete Guide to Absolutely Everything (Abridged) (Abridged) (Abridged) (Abridged): Adventures in Math and Science: Adventures In Math And Science
by Adam Rutherford Hannah FryThe complete story of the universe and absolutely everything in it (minus the boring parts). Despite our clever linguistic abilities, humans are spectacularly ill-equipped to comprehend what’s happening in the universe. Our senses and intuition routinely mislead us. The Complete Guide to Absolutely Everything (Abridged) tells the story of how we came to suppress our monkey minds and perceive the true nature of reality. Written with wit and humor, this brief book tells the story of science—tales of fumbles and missteps, errors and egos, hard work, accidents, and some really bad decisions—all of which have created the sum total of human knowledge. Geneticist Adam Rutherford and mathematician Hannah Fry guide readers through time and space, through our bodies and brains, showing how emotions shape our view of reality, how our minds tell us lies, and why a mostly bald and curious ape decided to begin poking at the fabric of the universe. Rutherford and Fry shine as science sleuths, wrestling with some truly head-scratching questions: Where did time come from? Do we have free will? Does my dog love me? Hilarious sidebars present memorable scientific oddities: for example, hypnotized snails, human-sized ants, and the average time it takes most animals to evacuate their bladders. (A surprisingly consistent twenty-one seconds, if you must know.) Both rigorous and playful, The Complete Guide to Absolutely Everything (Abridged) is a celebration of the weirdness of the cosmos, the strangeness of humans, and the joys and follies of scientific discovery.