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Stereoselective Organocatalysis: Bond Formation Methodologies and Activation Modes
by Ramon Rios TorresSets forth an important group of environmentally friendly organic reactions With contributions from leading international experts in organic synthesis, this book presents all the most important methodologies for stereoselective organocatalysis, fully examining both the activation mode as well as the type of bond formed. Clear explanations guide researchers through all the most important methods used to form key chemical bonds, including carbon-carbon (C–C), carbon-nitrogen (C–N), and carbon-halogen (C–X) bonds. Moreover, readers will discover how the use of non-metallic catalysts facilitates a broad range of important reactions that are environmentally friendly and fully meet the standards of green chemistry. Stereoselective Organocatalysis begins with an historical overview and a review of activation modes in asymmetric organocatalysis. The next group of chapters is organized by bond type, making it easy to find bonds according to their applications. The first of these chapters takes a detailed look at the many routes to C–C bond formation. Next, the book covers: Organocatalytic C–N bond formation C–O bond formation C–X bond formation C–S, C–Se, and C–B bond formation Enantioselective organocatalytic reductions Cascade reactions forming both C–C bonds and C–heteroatom bonds The final chapter is devoted to the use of organocatalysis for the synthesis of natural products. All the chapters in the book are extensively referenced, serving as a gateway to the growing body of original research reports and reviews in the field. Based on the most recent findings and practices in organic synthesis, Stereoselective Organocatalysis equips synthetic chemists with a group of organocatalytic reactions that will help them design green reactions and overcome many challenges in organic synthesis.
Stereoselective Polymerization with Single-Site Catalysts
by Lisa S. Baugh Jo Ann M. CanichNew synthetic techniques allow chemists to modify polymer microstructures more precisely than ever, making it possible to design materials that meet increasingly demanding performance requirements. Written and edited by experts in the field, Stereoselective Polymerization with Single-Site Catalysts reviews how the relative stereochemistry of
Stereoselective Syntheses of Tetrahydropyrans
by Kiyoun LeeIn his thesis, Kiyoun Lee describes his studies into tandem and organocatalytic oxa-conjugate addition reactions for the synthesis of complex tetrahydropyrans (THP). Readers gain insight into the new methods Lee employs for the synthesis of biologically interesting natural products including (+)-leucascandrolide A, (+)-dactylolide, and (±)diospongin A. The reactions Lee investigates are applicable to a broad range of substrates and proceed with excellent stereoselectivity. Moreover, the methodologies allow the synthesis of a wide range of THP-containing compounds. The development of reactions, such as those discussed by Lee, has the potential to impact natural product synthesis, pharmaceutical development and chemical biology.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Principles and Practices
by Yasushi NagataThe second edition of the well-received book updates the knowledge of clinical treatment, radiobiology, physics, and instrumentations to provide a comprehensive description of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Clinical aspects include indications and prescriptions for diseases treated with SBRT and clinical trial details. The chapters associated with physics cover quality assurance, patient immobilization devices, respiratory motion management, and treatment planning. It also illustrates the latest devices and provides know-how for safe and reliable treatment that differs from conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. In this second edition, the future of SBRT using artificial intelligence in the post-COVID-19 world also discussed. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy 2nd Edition - Principles and Practices enrich the readers' understanding of patient-friendly cancer care. Radiation oncologists, medical physicists, medical dosimetrists, radiation therapists, senior nurses, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists interested in radiotherapy will benefit from this practical guide. Since the last edition, there has been significant progress in the field, and the book renews the facts and evidence based on cutting-edge research.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
by Bin S. Teh Jiade J. Lu Simon S. Lo Tracey E. SchefterStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
by Stanley H. Benedict David J. Schlesinger Steven J. Goetsch Brian D. KavanaghWritten by internationally known experts in the field, Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy examines one of the fastest-developing subspecialties within radiation oncology. These procedures deliver large doses of radiation in one to five sessions to a precisely determined target. Often these techniques have proven to be
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Meningiomas
by Michele Longhi Enrico D. F. Motti Antonio Nicolato Piero PicozziMeningiomas are the most frequently reported neuro-oncologic condition, accounting for 12% to 30% of all primary intracranial tumors. The first case of intracranial meningioma treated with stereotactic radiosurgery was reported by Backlund E-O in 1971. Since then, more than 200,000 meningiomas have been treated with stereotactic radiosurgery worldwide to date. The large number of patients treated using this method is due to the fact that meningiomas are frequently located in critical areas and microsurgery is often associated with severe and permanent neurological complications.This book discusses the advantages, risks and limits of stereotactic radiosurgery relating to all regions of interest for a neuroradiosurgical approach for the treatment of central nervous system meningiomas. Firstly, it presents an introduction focusing on the “state of the art”. It then discusses the physics, imaging, neurological and neuro-oncological issues in multidisciplinary management. Lastly, it features a summary of results, including the most recent published papers regarding all the locations involved in the stereotactic radiosurgery treatment as well as new approaches to meningiomas, with particular reference to the hypofrationated treatments. Intended for anyone involved in the neuroradiosurgical treatment of brain diseases, the book provides an up-to-date overview of the latest stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of central nervous system meningiomas.
Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Welfare
by Georgia Mason Jeffrey RushenAbnormal behavior patterns, from the jumping and somersaulting of caged laboratory mice to the pacing of enclosed 'big cats', are displayed by many millions of farm, zoo, research and companion animals. Including new chapters and over 30 contributors, this book focuses on the causation and treatment of these environment-induced stereotypic behaviors, and their implications for animal welfare and normalcy of brain functioning. The book begins by taking an ethological perspective, focusing on the constraints captivity places on animals' normal behavioral repertoires, and the effects these have on specific motivational systems. It then addresses the role of dysfunction, particularly the impact of chronic stress and impoverished environments on brain functioning. The book then moves on to explore how stereotypic behaviors can be tackled, once they have emerged, using diverse techniques from environmental enrichment to pharmaceutical intervention. It concludes by giving a new definition for 'stereotypic behavior', and a discussion of future research directions.
Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects in Organic Chemistry
by Veejendra K. YadavThe steric and stereoelectronic effects control the rate and stereochemical outcome of reactions. Hence, a decent understanding of the related concepts is essential for successful synthetic planning. The book attempts to address several important issues related to these concepts in a simplified manner, and is intended for graduate students. It lays stress on the important aspects of steric and stereoelectronic effects and their control on the conformational profile and reactivity features. The book covers the geometrical requirements for reactions at saturated and unsaturated carbons in both cyclic and acyclic systems, and the resultant stereochemical features. The aspect of geometrical flexibility is also covered with a few examples involving intramolecular reactions. It deals with the facial selectivity of nucleophilic additions to acyclic and cyclic carbonyl compounds, and explains how the steric and stereoelectronic effects control the same. The work comments on allylic strains and their stereochemical control on different reactions with the related conformational control. It is a must read to understand the control elements, the prominent among these elements are spiro-conjugation, periselectivity, torquoselectivity, a-effect, Hammett's substituent constants, Hammond postulate, and Curtin-Hammett principle.
Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects in Organic Chemistry
by Veejendra K. YadavIn this second edition, the author has thoroughly updated each chapter and expanded the content with addition of three new chapters. This book comments on several key aspects of stereochemical control of organic reactions in measured detail to allow the reader easily grasp these concepts. In addition, emphasis is given to key information and important aspects of steric and stereoelectronic effects and their control on conformational profile and reactivity features. This book is not only an indispensable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying the stereochemical aspects of organic reactions, but also a good reference book for all organic chemists in both industry and academia.
Steric Aspects Of Biomolecular Interactions
by G.Naray- Naray-SzaboThe present volume deals with the application of the following techniques; computational chemistry, X-ray diffraction, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The book will discuss how these methods can be used to study steric aspects of biomolecular interactions.
Steric Effects in the Chemisorption of Vibrationally Excited Methane on Nickel
by Bruce L. YoderBruce Yoder's thesis outlines his investigation of the dissociative chemisorption of methane (CH4) on a nickel single crystal. In this work Bruce uses a molecular beam and infrared laser techniques to prepare methane in excited rovibrational states. The excited methane molecules are aligned relative to the target nickel surface. Bruce describes the discovery and exploration of a previously unknown steric effect in the dissociation reaction between a vibrationally excited methane molecule and a nickel crystal. From these studies we see that methane molecules are up to twice as reactive when the vibration is aligned parallel rather than perpendicular to the surface. This discovery will help guide the development of detailed predictive models of methane chemisorption, which in turn may lead to better catalysts for the synthesis of several industrially relevant chemicals, including hydrogen fuel from natural gas.
Sterile Drug Products: Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing and Quality (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences)
by Michael J. AkersSterile Drug Products: Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing, and Quality teaches the basic principles of the development and manufacture of high quality sterile dosage forms. The author has 38 years of experience in the development and manufacture of sterile dosage forms including solutions, suspensions, ophthalmics and freeze dried products. This
Sterile Filtration: A Practical Approach
by Maik W. JornitzThis book focuses on sterilizing grade filters in the biopharmaceutical industry, emphasizing practical applications of universal and dependable operational protocols, integrity testing, and troubleshooting to streamline the production and preparation of pharmaceuticals.Addresses the complexities of globalizing redundancy in filtration! <BR
Sterile Insect Technique: Principles And Practice In Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management
by V. A. DyckThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method of pest control that integrates well into area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes. This book takes a generic, thematic, comprehensive, and global approach in describing the principles and practice of the SIT. The strengths and weaknesses, and successes and failures, of the SIT are evaluated openly and fairly from a scientific perspective. The SIT is applicable to some major pests of plant-, animal-, and human-health importance, and criteria are provided to guide in the selection of pests appropriate for the SIT. In the second edition, all aspects of the SIT have been updated and the content considerably expanded. A great variety of subjects is covered, from the history of the SIT to improved prospects for its future application. The major chapters discuss the principles and technical components of applying sterile insects. The four main strategic options in using the SIT — suppression, containment, prevention, and eradication — with examples of each option are described in detail. Other chapters deal with supportive technologies, economic, environmental, and management considerations, and the socio-economic impact of AW-IPM programmes that integrate the SIT. In addition, this second edition includes six new chapters covering the latest developments in the technology: managing pathogens in insect mass-rearing, using symbionts and modern molecular technologies in support of the SIT, applying post-factory nutritional, hormonal, and semiochemical treatments, applying the SIT to eradicate outbreaks of invasive pests, and using the SIT against mosquito vectors of disease. This book will be useful reading for students in animal-, human-, and plant-health courses. The in-depth reviews of all aspects of the SIT and its integration into AW-IPM programmes, complete with extensive lists of scientific references, will be of great value to researchers, teachers, animal-, human-, and plant-health practitioners, and policy makers.
Sterile Pharmaceutical Products: Process Engineering Applications (Drug Manufacturing Technology Ser.)
by Kenneth E. AvisSterile Pharmaceutical Products: Process Engineering Applications addresses the key concepts and applications of the sterile pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. It covers elements of the design, installation, validation, and usage of critical processes associated with sterile product manufacture. From water systems to clean-in-place systems, to sterile powder handling and robotic applications in sterile production environments, this book addresses the issues of system implementation, integration, and operations. Written by recognized experts and peer reviewed for accuracy, all chapters include references to supplemental resources and numerous illustrations.
Sterile Processing of Pharmaceutical Products: Engineering Practice, Validation, and Compliance in Regulated Environments
by Sam A. HoutDescribes the methodologies and best practices of the sterile manufacture of drug products Thoroughly trained personnel and carefully designed, operated, and maintained facilities and equipment are vital for the sterile manufacture of medicinal products using aseptic processing. Professionals in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing facilities must have a clear understanding of current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) and preapproval inspection (PAI) requirements. Sterile Processing of Pharmaceutical Products: Engineering Practice, Validation, and Compliance in Regulated Environments provides up-to-date coverage of aseptic processing techniques and sterilization methods. Written by a recognized expert with more than 20 years of industry experience in aseptic manufacturing, this practical resource illustrates a comprehensive approach to sterile manufacturing engineering that can achieve drug manufacturing objectives and goals. Topics include sanitary piping and equipment, cleaning and manufacturing process validation, computerized automated systems, personal protective equipment (PPE), clean-in-place (CIP) systems, barriers and isolators, and guidelines for statistical procedure. Offering authoritative guidance on the key aspects of sterile manufacturing engineering, this volume: Covers fundamentals of aseptic techniques, quality by design, risk assessment and management, and operational requirements Addresses various regulations and guidelines instituted by the FDA, ISPE, EMA, MHRA, and ICH Provides techniques for systematic process optimization and good manufacturing practice Emphasizes the importance of attention to detail in process development and validation Features real-world examples highlighting different aspects of drug manufacturing Sterile Processing of Pharmaceutical Products: Engineering Practice, Validation, and Compliance in Regulated Environments is an indispensable reference and guide for all chemists, chemical engineers, pharmaceutical professionals and engineers, and other professionals working in pharmaceutical sciences and manufacturing.
Sterile Product Development
by Parag Kolhe Mrinal Shah Nitin RathoreThis comprehensive book encompasses various facets of sterile product development. Key concepts relevant to the successful development of sterile products are illustrated through case studies and are covered under three sections in this book: * Formulation approaches that discuss a variety of dosage forms including protein therapeutics, lipid-based controlled delivery systems, PEGylated biotherapeutics, nasal dosage form, and vaccines * Process, container closure and delivery considerations including freeze-thaw process challenges, best practices for technology transfer to enable commercial product development, innovations and advancement in aseptic fill-finish operations, approaches to manufacturing lyophilized parenteral products, pen / auto-injector delivery devices, and associated container closure integrity testing hurdles for sterile product closures * Regulatory and quality aspects in the areas of particulate matter and appearance evaluation, sterile filtration, admixture compatibility considerations, sterilization process considerations, microbial contamination investigations and validation of rapid microbiological methods, and dry and moist heat sterilizers This book is a useful resource to scientists and researchers in both industry and academia, and it gives process and product development engineers insight into current industry practices and evolving regulatory expectations for sterile product development.
Sterile Product Facility Design and Project Management
by Jeffrey N. OdumKnowing how to deal with the regulatory issues, understanding the impacts of cleanliness, and recognizing the affect that poor facility layout will have on GMP spaces are only some of the issues an experienced Project Manager must focus on. Completely revised and updated, Sterile Product Facility Design and Project Management, Second Edition provid
Sterilization of Medical Devices
by Anne BoothThis book presents vital information on international sterilization standards and guidance on practical application of these standards in the manufacturing process. It covers validation, industrial sterilization methods, emerging sterilization techniques, laboratory testing, manufacturing of sterile devices, and device reuse. Excerpted from The Validator, edited by Anne F. Booth, more than fifty experts share their knowledge of current technologies in easy-to-understand articles that establish methods to ensure compliance. Contents include reviews of ISO sterilization standards, industrial sterilization methods and technologies, and support testing methodologies.
Sterilized by the State
by Randall Hansen Desmond KingThis book is the first comprehensive analysis of eugenics in North America focused on the second half of the twentieth century. Based on new research, Randall Hansen and Desmond King show why eugenic sterilization policies persisted after the 1940s in the United States and Canada. Through extensive archival research, King and Hansen show how both superintendents at homes for the 'feebleminded' and pro-sterilization advocates repositioned themselves after 1945 to avoid the taint of Nazi eugenics. Drawing on interviews with victims of sterilization and primary documents, this book traces the post-1940s development of eugenic policy and shows that both eugenic arguments and committed eugenicists informed population, welfare, and birth control policy in postwar America. In providing revisionist histories of the choice movement, the anti-population growth movement, and the Great Society programs, this book contributes to public policy and political and intellectual history.
Sterling Test Prep: Practice Questions with detailed explanations 6th edition
by The Editors at the Sterling PrepThis book provides over 1,800 chemistry practice questions that test your knowledge of all CLEP Chemistry topics.
Sternegucken für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Steve Owens"Sternegucken für Dummies" ist ein praktisches Einsteigerbuch, das vor allem die grundlegenden Fragen aller Anfänger "Wie finde ich das richtige Teleskop?", "Wie benutze ich ein Teleskop?", "Wie orientiere ich mich am Himmel?" leicht verständlich erklärt, bevor es alle 88 Sternbilder inklusive Illustrationen beschreibt. Nachdem Sie die richtige Ausrüstung gefunden und gelernt haben, sich am Himmel zu orientieren, führt Sie der Astronom Steve Owens durchs ganze Jahr und erklärt Ihnen, wann Sie welche Sterne beobachten können.
Sternenwärts – Die Zukunft der Raumfahrt
by Guido MeyerDieses Sachbuch blickt über den Tellerrand der aktuellen astronautischen Raumfahrt und hinaus in die spannende Zukunft. Was erwartet uns nach der Internationalen Raumstation (ISS)? Mehr als man denkt! Zahlreiche Firmen basteln bereits an privaten Raumstationen für die Erdumlaufbahn. Innovative Technologien wie aufblasbare Module und modulare Konstruktionen, die aus mehreren Komponenten zusammengesteckt werden, stehen im Fokus. Die Transportmittel für diese neuen Raumstationen befinden sich ebenfalls in den Startlöchern. Dabei spielen auch aufstrebende Raumfahrtnationen wie China und Indien eine immer bedeutendere Rolle. Die Pläne für die nächsten Mondmissionen nehmen konkrete Formen an: NASA und SpaceX haben das Ziel, den Mond mit der Orion-Kapsel und dem Starship zu einem ständig bemannten Außenposten der Menschheit zu machen. Der Mars ist das nächste große Ziel für bemannte Flüge – sowohl für NASA als auch für SpaceX und andere Unternehmen. Doch der rote Planet ist nur ein Zwischenstopp auf dem Weg, die Menschheit zu einer Spezies zu machen, die auf mehreren Himmelskörpern lebt und schließlich zu einem Sternenvolk wird. Mit Generationenraumschiffen, in denen Menschen geboren, leben, arbeiten und sterben, werden die ersten Freiwilligen irgendwann die Reise zu neuen Welten antreten.
Stern's Introductory Plant Biology
by James E. Bidlack Shelley H. Jansky Kingsley R. SternThis introductory text assumes little prior scientific knowledge on the part of the student. It includes sufficient information for some shorter introductory botany courses open to both majors and nonmajors, and is arranged so that certain sections can be omitted without disrupting the overall continuity of the course. Stern emphasizes current interests while presenting basic botanical principles. This latest edition incorporates measurable learning outcomes and updated readings. Students will be introduced to the new classification of plants and plant-related species, integration of biotechnology into several chapters and inclusion of new text boxes addressing the areas of ecology, evolution and molecular biology. New photos have replaced older pictures or have been added also. <P><P> With this edition we introduce McGraw-Hill Connect® Botany, a web-based assignment and assessment platform that gives students the means to better connect with their coursework, with their instructors, and with the important concepts that they will need to know for success now and in the future. With McGraw-Hill Connect Botany, instructors can deliver interactive assignments, quizzes and tests online. Nearly all the questions from the text are presented in an autogradable format and tied to the text’s learning objectives.