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Symmetry in Chemistry
by Hans H. Jaffé Milton OrchinBecause symmetry arguments are a powerful tool in teaching such concepts as hybridization, group and molecular orbitals, selection rules in absorption spectroscopy, crystal structure, and other topics, a book devoted exclusively to symmetry in chemistry, developed in an essentially nonmathematical way, is a must for students and research workers interested in these subjects. This is such a book. After an introduction to symmetry, the authors offer lucid discussions of symmetry elements and operations, multiple symmetry operations, multiplication tables and point groups, group theory, applications, and crystal symmetry. Three appendices provide complete character tables, tables of the number of normal vibrations in various symmetry species, and tables showing the direct sums of excited states and combination states of degenerate vibrations. Intended as a supplementary text for both undergraduate and graduate students who seek a broad background for understanding structural problems, this concise treatment will also appeal to the large group of practicing chemists who wish to review the applications of symmetry and group theory.
Symmetry in Inorganic and Coordination Compounds: A Student's Guide to Understanding Electronic Structure (Lecture Notes in Chemistry #106)
by Franca MorazzoniThis book addresses the nature of the chemical bond in inorganic and coordination compounds. In particular, it explains how general symmetry rules can describe chemical bond of simple inorganic molecules. Since the complexity of studying even simple molecules requires approximate methods, this book introduces a quantum mechanical treatment taking into account the geometric peculiarities of the chemical compound. In the case of inorganic molecules, a convenient approximation comes from symmetry, which constrains both the electronic energies and the chemical bonds. The book also gives special emphasis on symmetry rules and compares the use of symmetry operators with that of Hamiltonian operators. Where possible, the reactivity of molecules is also rationalized in terms of these symmetry properties. As practical examples, electronic spectroscopy and magnetism give experimental confirmation of the predicted electronic energy levels.Adapted from university lecture course notes, this book is the ideal companion for any inorganic chemistry course dealing with group theory.
Symmetry in Optics and Vision Studies: A Data-Analytic Approach (Multidisciplinary and Applied Optics)
by Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan Marlos A.G. VianaThis book presents an introduction to the foundations, interpretations, and data-analytic applications of symmetry studies with an emphasis on applications in optical sciences. Symmetry studies connect group theoretic and statistical methods for data summary and inference. Readers should have an understanding of calculus and linear algebra as well as introductory statistics. The book reviews finite group theory in the introductory chapters. Computational tools used in the text are available for download in the form of Mathmaticaâ notebooks or R scripts. This book: Demonstrates the usefulness of a unified view of algebra and symmetry studies to address data-analytic questions in optics and vision science Offers a brief review of finite group theory and elements of multivariate analysis Includes various examples from diverse areas of optical science
Symmetry Representations of Molecular Vibrations (Springer Series in Chemical Physics #126)
by M.A. WahabThis book presents a comprehensive theoretical basis of symmetry representations of molecular vibrations, matrix representation of symmetries, and the elements of group theory that are relevant to other symmetry elements/operations, crystallographic and molecular point groups. The book helps understand the reducible and irreducible representations of symmetry matrices and then derive the normal modes of vibration of different molecules by using suitable techniques independently. Targeted to graduate students and researchers, this book aims not only to derive the normal modes of vibration of any given molecule themselves but also compares and verifies them with the experimentally found modes by using IR and Raman-related techniques. For the first time in the crystallographic history, this book presents the group multiplication tables of all 32 point groups in both international and Schoenflies notations.
Symmetry, Spectroscopy, and Crystallography
by Robert GlaserWritten in a clear and understandable manner, this book provides a comprehensive, yet non-mathematical, treatment of the topic, covering the basic principles of symmetry and the important spectroscopic techniques used to probe molecular structure. The chapters are extensively illustrated and deal with such topics as symmetry elements, operations and descriptors, symmetry guidelines, high-fidelity pseudosymmetry, crystallographic symmetry, molecular gears, and experimental techniques, including X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. As an additional feature, 3D animations of most of the structures and molecules covered are available online at wiley.com. As a result, chemists learn how to understand and predict molecular structures and reactivity. Authored by a renowned expert with numerous publications and an excellent track record in research and teaching, this is a useful source for graduate students and researchers working in the field of organic synthesis, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and crystallography, while equally serving as supplementary reading for courses on stereochemistry, organic synthesis, or crystallography.
Symmetry through the Eyes of a Chemist
by Magdolna Hargittai Istvan HargittaiThis is the first book to comprehensively survey chemistry from the point of view of symmetry. It contains many examples from chemistry as well as from other fields which emphasize the unifying nature of the symmetry concept.
Symphony in C (Almost) Everything: Carbon And The Evolution Of (almost) Everything
by Robert M. HazenA Science News Favorite Book of 2019 An earth scientist reveals the dynamic biography of the most resonant—and most necessary—chemical element on Earth. Carbon. It’s in the fibers in your hair, the timbers in your walls, the food that you eat, and the air that you breathe. It’s worth billions of dollars as a luxury and half a trillion as a necessity, but there are still mysteries about the element that can be both diamond and coal. Where does it come from, what does it do, and why, above all, does life need it? With poetic storytelling, Robert M. Hazen leads us on a global journey through the origin and evolution of life’s most essential and ubiquitous element.
A Symphony in the Brain: The Evolution of the New Brain Wave Biofeedback
by Jim RobbinsRobbins traces the fascinating, untold story of the development of neurofeedback, including its discovery by a small corps of research scientists, its growing applications around the world, the contentious history in the 1970s, and present battles for acceptance in the medical community.
Symplasmic Transport in Vascular Plants
by Katarzyna Sokołowska Paweł SowińskiConcentrates on symplasmic transport of small molecules, although the cell-to-cell transport of macromolecules will also be discussed. This book characterize the efficiency of symplasmic transport, mechanisms of molecule passage via plasmodesmata, and the external and internal factors that regulate plasmodesmatal conductivity. In this context, the book focused on the role of symplasmic domains in plant development, as well as the influence of environmental stresses on the plasmodesmata. Besides cell-to-cell symplasmic transport, the significance of long-distance symplasmic transport of solutes in phloem elements is also reviewed. Symplasmic Transport in Vascular Plants presents the mechanism of phloem transport, the processes of symplasmic loading and unloading, as well as the role of pre- and post-phloem transport, with special attention paid to symplasmic transport in wood. Finally, the relevance of the spread of both macromolecules and viruses, via plasmodesmata, is presented.
Symplectic Topology and Floer Homology
by Yong-Geun OhPublished in two volumes, this is the first book to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of symplectic topology, and the analytical details and techniques used in applying the machinery arising from Floer theory as a whole. Volume 2 provides a comprehensive introduction to both Hamiltonian Floer theory and Lagrangian Floer theory, including many examples of their applications to various problems in symplectic topology. The first volume covered the basic materials of Hamiltonian dynamics and symplectic geometry and the analytic foundations of Gromov's pseudoholomorphic curve theory. Symplectic Topology and Floer Homology is a comprehensive resource suitable for experts and newcomers alike.
Synapse Development: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2910)
by Tolga Soykan Alexandros PoulopoulosThis fully updated volume brings together synapse development methods that span from the macroscopic to the nanoscale in order to foster novel perspectives and encourage interdisciplinary integration. Beginning with a section on in vitro formation and manipulation of synapses, including cutting-edge approaches for neuron differentiation and genomic modification, the book continues by covering methods for dissecting synaptic components at high resolution, utilizing advanced imaging and purification techniques, as well as approaches for studying synaptic networks and activity patterns in their native contexts, featuring methods for labeling, tracing, and quantifying components of developing neural circuits. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Synapse Development: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as valuable resource for researchers seeking to advancing our understanding of how synapses form, transform, and transmit.
Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System
by Laurence O. Trussell Richard R. Fay Arthur N. PopperSynaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System will provide a basic reference for students, clinicians, and researchers on how synapses in the auditory system function to encode acoustic signals. These mechanisms are the groundwork for all auditory processing, and understanding them requires knowledge of the microphysiology of synapses, cellular biophysics, receptor pharmacology, and an appreciation for what these synapses must do for a living, what unique jobs they carry out.
Synaptic Modification, Neuron Selectivity, and Nervous System Organization
by William B. Levy, James A. Anderson and Stephen LehmkuhleFirst published in 1985. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Synaptic Plasticity: Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Applications (Neurological Disease and Therapy)
by Michel Baudry Xiaoning Bi Steven S. SchreiberThis reference provides a clear understanding of the basic mechanisms of synaptic transmission and information processing and illustrates potential clinical applications for the recovery of lost function as a result of gene defects, injury, or disease-relating the most recent advances in the design of new therapeutics, the treatment of neurological
Synaptic Plasticity
by Michael R. Kreutz Carlo SalaThis book introduces the current concepts of molecular mechanisms in synaptic plasticity and provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research technology used to investigate the molecular dynamics of the synapses. It explores current concepts on activity-dependent remodeling of the synaptic cytoskeleton and presents the latest ideas on the different forms of plasticity in synapses and dendrites. Synaptic Plasticity in Health and Disease not only supplies readers with extensive knowledge on the latest developments in research, but also with important information on clinical and applied aspects. Changes in spine synapses in different brain disease states, so-called synaptopathies, are explained and described by experts in the field. By outlining basic research findings as well as physiological and pathophysiological impacts on synaptic plasticity, the book represents an essential state-of-the-art work for scientists in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology and the neurosciences, as well as for doctors in neurology and psychiatry alike.
Synaptic Plasticity in Neurodegenerative Disorders
by Sangeeta Singh Sachchida Nand Rai Santosh Kumar SinghThis book explores the pivotal role of synaptic plasticity in the pathogenesis, progression, and potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The initial chapter provides an in-depth understanding of the complexity and impact of neurodegenerative conditions. It discusses the association of mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic influences, and neuroinflammation with synaptic plasticity in neurodegenerative diseases. The following chapters review the dynamic changes that occur at the cellular and synaptic levels in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the book presents various computational tools and methodologies essential for enhancing our understanding of synaptic plasticity. It examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence tools in addressing synaptic impairment across various neurodegenerative diseases. Discusses the role of synaptic plasticity in neurodegenerative diseases, shedding light on how dynamic changes occur at the cellular and synaptic levels Explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence tools in addressing synaptic impairment across various neurodegenerative diseases Provides a comprehensive overview of neurodegenerative disorders, including pathogenesis, etiology, and treatment strategies Presents tools and techniques used to simulate the complex system biology of synaptic plasticity Examines the role of computational neuroscience in understanding and potentially treating conditions such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Toward the end, the book explores the role of synaptic impairment and computational neuroscience in understanding and potentially treating conditions such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. With its multifaceted approach, this book serves as a useful resource for researchers, clinicians, and students in the fields of neuroscience, computational biology, and neurology.
Synaptic Plasticity in Pain
by Marzia MalcangioPrimary sensory neurons respond to peripheral stimulation and project to the spinal cord. Specifically, the population of neurons which respond to damaging stimuli terminate in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn. Therefore, the dorsal horns constitute the first relay site for nociceptive fibre terminals which make synaptic contacts with second order neurons. It has recently become clear that the strength of this first pain synapse is plastic and modifiable by several modulators, including neuronal and non-neuronal regulators, and studies on the fundamental processes regulating the plasticity of the first pain synapse have resulted in the identification of new targets for the treatment of chronic pain. This book will be of interest to a wide readership in the pain field.
Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are
by Joseph LedouxIn 1996 Joseph LeDoux's The Emotional Brain presented a revelatory examination of the biological bases of our emotions and memories. Now, the world-renowned expert on the brain has produced with a groundbreaking work that tells a more profound story: how the little spaces between the neurons—the brain's synapses—are the channels through which we think, act, imagine, feel, and remember. Synapses encode the essence of personality, enabling each of us to function as a distinctive, integrated individual from moment to moment. Exploring the functioning of memory, the synaptic basis of mental illness and drug addiction, and the mechanism of self-awareness, Synaptic Self is a provocative and mind-expanding work that is destined to become a classic. .
Synaptic Tagging and Capture: From Synapses to Behavior
by Sreedharan Sajikumar Ted AbelThis reference presents a detailed exploration of the synaptic tagging and capture model, which has been proposed to provide a conceptual basis for how short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories. The first edition of Synaptic Tagging and Capture served as a comprehensive introduction and overview of the field and covered the topics from molecular and cellular aspects to behavior. This second edition reflects the overwhelming amount of research on the topic in the past five years. Notably, it provides greater insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms and behavioral aspects of tagging and capture, including reconsolidation, computational, and metaplastic models. Synaptic Tagging and Capture: From Synapses to Behavior, 2nd edition remains the definitive work in the field.
Synbiotics in Human Health: Biology to Drug Delivery
by Kamal DuaThis reference book discusses the role of synbiotics in a wide range of disease states, including cardiovascular, reproductive, metabolic, neurodegenerative, gastrointestinal, thrombotic, skin, and inflammatory disorders. It reviews the functions of probiotics in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of various disease states. The book further covers improving the targeting efficiency of synbiotics through advanced drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, microparticles, liposomes, microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nano lipid carriers. The chapter addresses the implications of oral and topical delivery of synbiotics in different diseases and presents the safety assessment of synbiotics and clinical trials associated with synbiotics containing drug delivery systems for the treatment of diseases. The book also explores the synergistic welfare of synbiotics nutraceuticals in various conditions such as chronic respiratory diseases, gut health, and neurological functions and examines the toxicological profile, and regulatory aspects of nutraceutical supplements. As such, this book is a valuable resource for academics, research and industry professionals working in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Biotechnology, Immunology, and Health Sciences.
Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order
by Steven StrogatzThe moon spins in perfect resonance with its orbit. Neurons fire together to control our breathing. Thousands of fireflies flash in unison. The reason why may be the most mysterious drive in nature.
Sync: How Order Emerges from Chaos In the Universe, Nature, and Daily Life
by Steven H. StrogatzAt the heart of the universe is a steady, insistent beat, the sound of cycles in sync. Along the tidal rivers of Malaysia, thousands of fireflies congregate and flash in unison; the moon spins in perfect resonance with its orbit around the earth; our hearts depend on the synchronous firing of ten thousand pacemaker cells. While the forces that synchronize the flashing of fireflies may seem to have nothing to do with our heart cells, there is in fact a deep connection.Synchrony is a science in its infancy, and Strogatz is a pioneer in this new frontier in which mathematicians and physicists attempt to pinpoint just how spontaneous order emerges from chaos. From underground caves in Texas where a French scientist spent six months alone tracking his sleep-wake cycle, to the home of a Dutch physicist who in 1665 discovered two of his pendulum clocks swinging in perfect time, this fascinating book spans disciplines, continents, and centuries. Engagingly written for readers of books such as Chaos and The Elegant Universe, Sync is a tour-de-force of nonfiction writing.
Synchronicity: The Epic Quest to Understand the Quantum Nature of Cause and Effect
by Paul HalpernFrom Aristotle's Physics to quantum teleportation, learn about the scientific pursuit of instantaneous connections in this insightful examination of our world. For millennia, scientists have puzzled over a simple question: Does the universe have a speed limit? If not, some effects could happen at the same instant as the actions that caused them -- and some effects, ludicrously, might even happen before their causes. By one hundred years ago, it seemed clear that the speed of light was the fastest possible speed. Causality was safe. And then quantum mechanics happened, introducing spooky connections that seemed to circumvent the law of cause and effect. Inspired by the new physics, psychologist Carl Jung and physicist Wolfgang Pauli explored a concept called synchronicity, a weird phenomenon they thought could link events without causes. Synchronicity tells that sprawling tale of insight and creativity, and asks where these ideas -- some plain crazy, and others crazy powerful -- are taking the human story next.
Synchronization: From Coupled Systems To Complex Networks
by Stefano Boccaletti Alexander N. Pisarchik Charo I. Del Genio Andreas AmannA modern introduction to synchronization phenomena, this text presents recent discoveries and the current state of research in the field, from low-dimensional systems to complex networks. <P><P>The book describes some of the main mechanisms of collective behaviour in dynamical systems, including simple coupled systems, chaotic systems, and systems of infinite-dimension. After introducing the reader to the basic concepts of nonlinear dynamics, the book explores the main synchronized states of coupled systems and describes the influence of noise and the occurrence of synchronous motion in multistable and spatially-extended systems. Finally, the authors discuss the underlying principles of collective dynamics on complex networks, providing an understanding of how networked systems are able to function as a whole in order to process information, perform coordinated tasks, and respond collectively to external perturbations. The demonstrations, numerous illustrations and application examples will help advanced graduate students and researchers gain an organic and complete understanding of the subject.<P> Covers new types of synchronization allowing readers to understand collective behaviour in a new light.<P> Includes important applications to laser, neural and social systems ensuring that the information is topical, engaging and relevant for today's readers.<P> The fascinating effect of synchronization manifests itself in many everyday phenomena, for example in the beating of the heart, the functioning of the brain or in communication networks, and this book provides an accessible guide to this phenomena.
Synchronization and Triggering: from Fracture to Earthquake Processes
by Roman Teisseyre Valerio De Rubeis Zbigniew CzechowskiThis monograph contains experimental and theoretical considerations on synchronization and triggering in laboratory fracture experiments and in earthquake processes. Non-linear dynamics and the physics of rotational motions reveal such ordering in geophysical processes and observed time series. Presented experiments with electromagnetic and mechanical forcing show synchronization of the slip instabilities observed as acoustic burst emissions. New observational results, based on a net of broadband seismic stations, indicate the hidden periodicities and multiple coherence effects in the low frequency microseismic oscillations observed tens of hours before the earthquakes. These results are supported by observational evidence on synchronization between shear oscillations and rotation motions in microseismic fields before earthquakes occur.