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Beam Dynamics
by Etienne ForestThis volume lays down the foundations of a theory of rings based on finite maps. The purpose of the ring is entirely discussed in terms of the global properties of the one-turn map. Proposing a theory of rings based on such maps, this work offers another perspective on storage ring theory.
Beam Propagation Method for Design of Optical Waveguide Devices
by Ginés Lifante PedrolaThe basic of the BPM technique in the frequency domain relies on treating the slowly varying envelope of the monochromatic electromagnetic field under paraxial propagation, thus allowing efficient numerical computation in terms of speed and allocated memory. In addition, the BPM based on finite differences is an easy way to implement robust and efficient computer codes. This book presents several approaches for treating the light: wide-angle, scalar approach, semivectorial treatment, and full vectorial treatment of the electromagnetic fields. Also, special topics in BPM cover the simulation of light propagation in anisotropic media, non-linear materials, electro-optic materials, and media with gain/losses, and describe how BPM can deal with strong index discontinuities or waveguide gratings, by introducing the bidirectional-BPM. BPM in the time domain is also described, and the book includes the powerful technique of finite difference time domain method, which fills the gap when the standard BPM is no longer applicable. Once the description of these numerical techniques have been detailed, the last chapter includes examples of passive, active and functional integrated photonic devices, such as waveguide reflectors, demultiplexers, polarization converters, electro-optic modulators, lasers or frequency converters. The book will help readers to understand several BPM approaches, to build their own codes, or to properly use the existing commercial software based on these numerical techniques.
Beam Structures
by Erasmo Carrera Gaetano Giunta Marco PetroloBeam theories are exploited worldwide to analyze civil, mechanical, automotive, and aerospace structures. Many beam approaches have been proposed during the last centuries by eminent scientists such as Euler, Bernoulli, Navier, Timoshenko, Vlasov, etc. Most of these models are problem dependent: they provide reliable results for a given problem, for instance a given section and cannot be applied to a different one.Beam Structures: Classical and Advanced Theories proposes a new original unified approach to beam theory that includes practically all classical and advanced models for beams and which has become established and recognised globally as the most important contribution to the field in the last quarter of a century.The Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) has hierarchical properties, that is, the error can be reduced by increasing the number of the unknown variables. This formulation is extremely suitable for computer implementations and can deal with most typical engineering challenges. It overcomes the problem of classical formulae that require different formulas for tension, bending, shear and torsion; it can be applied to any beam geometries and loading conditions, reaching a high level of accuracy with low computational cost, and can tackle problems that in most cases are solved by employing plate/shell and 3D formulations.Key features:compares classical and modern approaches to beam theory, including classical well-known results related to Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theoriespays particular attention to typical applications related to bridge structures, aircraft wings, helicopters and propeller bladesprovides a number of numerical examples including typical Aerospace and Civil Engineering problemsproposes many benchmark assessments to help the reader implement the CUF if they wish to do soaccompanied by a companion website hosting dedicated software MUL2 that is used to obtain the numerical solutions in the book, allowing the reader to reproduce the examples given in the book as well as to solve other problems of their own www.mul2.comResearchers of continuum mechanics of solids and structures and structural analysts in industry will find this book extremely insightful. It will also be of great interest to graduate and postgraduate students of mechanical, civil and aerospace engineering.
Beam Test Calorimeter Prototypes for the CMS Calorimeter Endcap Upgrade: Qualification, Performance Validation and Fast Generative Modelling (Springer Theses)
by Thorben QuastIn order to cope with the increased radiation level and the challenging pile-up conditions at High Luminosity-LHC, the CMS collaboration will replace its current calorimeter endcaps with the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the mid 2020s. This dissertation addresses two important topics related to the preparation of the HGCAL upgrade: experimental validation of its silicon- based design and fast simulation of its data. Beam tests at the DESY (Hamburg) and the CERN SPS beam test facilities in 2018 have been the basis for the design validation. The associated experimental infrastructure, the algorithms deployed in the reconstruction of the recorded data, as well as the respective analyses are reported in this thesis: First, core components of the silicon-based prototype modules are characterised and it is demonstrated that the assembled modules are functional. In particular, their efficiency to detect minimum ionising particles (MIPs) traversing the silicon sensors is found to be more than 98% for most of the modules. No indication of charge sharing between the silicon pads is observed. Subsequently, the energy response is calibrated in situ using the beam test data. Equalisation of the different responses among the readout channels is achieved with MIPs hereby deploying the HGCAL prototype as a MIP-tracking device. The relative variation of the inferred calibration constants amounts to 3% for channels on the same readout chip. The calibration of the time-of-arrival information is performed with an external time reference detector. With it, timing resolutions of single cells including the full prototype readout chain around 60ps in the asymptotic high energy limit are obtained. The calorimetric performance of the HGCAL prototype is validated with particle showers induced by incident positrons and charged pions. For electromagnetic showers, the constant term in the relative energy resolution is measured to be (0.52± 0.08) %, whereas the stochastic term amounts to (22.2 ± 0.3)% √GeV. This result is in good agreement with the calorimeter simulation with GEANT4. The prototype’s positioning resolution of the shower axis, after subtracting the contribution from the delay wire chambers in the beam line used as reference, is found to be below 0.4 mm at 300 GeV. At the same energy, the angular resolution in the reconstruction of the electromagnetic shower axis in this prototype is measured to be less than 5mrad. The analysis of the hadronic showers in this thesis makes use state-of-the- art machine-learning methods that exploit the calorimeter’s granularity. It is indicated that the energy resolution may be improved using software compensation and also that the separation of electromagnetic and charged pion-induced showers in the calorimeter may benefit from such methods. The measurements of the hadronic showers are adequately reproduced by GEANT4 simulation. Altogether, the obtained results from the analysis of the beam test data in this thesis are in agreement with the full functionality of the silicon-based HGCAL design. The final part of this thesis provides a proof of principle that generative modelling based on deep neural networks in conjunction with the Wasserstein distance is a suitable approach for the fast simulation of HGCAL data: Instead of sequential simulation, a deep neural network-based generative model generates all calorimeter energy depositions simultaneously. This genera t or network is optimised throu gh an adversarial training process using a critic network guided by the Wasserstein distance. The developed framework in this thesis is applied to both GEANT4- simulated electromagnetic showers and to positron data from the beam tests. Ultimately, this fast simulation approach is up to four orders of magnitude faster than sequential simulation with GEANT4. It is able to produce realistic calorimeter energy depositions from electromagnetic showers, incorporating their fluctuations and correlations when converted into typical calorimeter observables.
Beam Theory for Subsea Pipelines- Analysis and Practical Applications
by Alexander N. PapushaIntroducing a new practical approach within the field of applied mechanics developed to solve beam strength and bending problems using classical beam theory and beam modeling, this outstanding new volume offers the engineer, scientist, or student a revolutionary new approach to subsea pipeline design. Integrating use of the Mathematica program into these models and designs, the engineer can utilize this unique approach to build stronger, more efficient and less costly subsea pipelines, a very important phase of the world's energy infrastructure. Significant advances have been achieved in implementation of the applied beam theory in various engineering design technologies over the last few decades, and the implementation of this theory also takes an important place within the practical area of re-qualification and reassessment for onshore and offshore pipeline engineering. A general strategy of applying beam theory into the design procedure of subsea pipelines has been developed and already incorporated into the ISO guidelines for reliability-based limit state design of pipelines. This work is founded on these significant advances. The intention of the book is to provide the theory, research, and practical applications that can be used for educational purposes by personnel working in offshore pipeline integrity and engineering students. A must-have for the veteran engineer and student alike, this volume is an important new advancement in the energy industry, a strong link in the chain of the world's energy production.
Beam's Eye View Imaging in Radiation Oncology (Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy)
by Ross I. BerbecoThis first dedicated overview for beam’s eye view (BEV) covers instrumentation, methods, and clinical use of this exciting technology, which enables real-time anatomical imaging. It highlights how the information collected (e.g., the shape and size of the beam aperture and intensity of the beam) is used in the clinic for treatment verification, adaptive radiotherapy, and in-treatment interventions. The chapters cover detector construction and components, common imaging procedures, and state of the art applications. The reader will also be presented with emerging innovations, including target modifications, real-time tracking, reconstructing delivered dose, and in vivo portal dosimetry. Ross I. Berbeco, PhD, is a board-certified medical physicist and Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Beam-Wave Interaction in Periodic and Quasi-Periodic Structures: Beam-wave Interaction In Periodic And Quasi-periodic Structures (Particle Acceleration and Detection)
by Levi SchächterThe main theme of this book is the interaction of electrons with electromagnetic waves in the presence of periodic and quasi-periodic structures in vacuum, in view of applications in the design and operation of particle accelerators. The first part of the book is concerned with the textbook-like presentation of the basic material, in particular reviewing elementary electromagnetic phenomena and electron dynamics. The second part of the book describes the current models for beam-wave interactions with periodic and quasi-periodic structures. This is the basis for introducing, in the last part of the book, a number of particle and radiation sources that rest on these principles, in particular the free-electron laser, wake-field acceleration schemes and a number of other advanced particle accelerator concepts. This second edition brings this fundamental text up-to-date in view of the enormous advances that have been made over the last decade since the first edition was published. All chapters, as well as the bibliography, have been significantly revised and extended, and the number of end-of-chapter exercises has been further increased to enhance this book's usefulness for teaching specialized graduate courses.
Beam-based Correction and Optimization for Accelerators
by Xiaobiao HuangThis book provides systematic coverage of the beam-based techniques that accelerator physicists use to improve the performance of large particle accelerators, including synchrotrons and linacs. It begins by discussing the basic principles of accelerators, before exploring the various error sources in accelerators and their impact on the machine's performances. The book then demonstrates the latest developments of beam-based correction techniques that can be used to address such errors and covers the new and expanding area of beam-based optimization. This book is an ideal, accessible reference book for physicists working on accelerator design and operation, and for postgraduate studying accelerator physics. Features: Entirely self-contained, exploring the theoretic background, including algorithm descriptions, and providing application guidance Accompanied by source codes of the main algorithms and sample codes online Uses real-life accelerator problems to illustrate principles, enabling readers to apply techniques to their own problems Xiaobiao Huang is an accelerator physicist at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, USA. He graduated from Tsinghua University with a Bachelor of Science in Physics and a Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science in 1999. He earned a PhD in Accelerator Physics from Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, in 2005. He spent three years on thesis research work at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory from 2003-2005. He has worked at SLAC as a staff scientist since 2006. He became Accelerator Physics Group Leader of the SPEAR3 Division, Accelerator Directorate in 2015. His research work in accelerator physics ranges from beam dynamics, accelerator design, and accelerator modelling and simulation to beam based measurements, accelerator control, and accelerator optimization. He has taught several courses at US Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), including Beam Based Diagnostics, Accelerator Physics, Advanced Accelerator Physics, and Special Topics in Accelerator Physics.
Beamforming in Medical Ultrasound Imaging (Springer Tracts in Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
by Babak Mohammadzadeh Asl Roya ParidarThis book deals with the concept of medical ultrasound imaging and discusses array signal processing in ultrasound. Signal processing using different beamforming techniques in order to achieve a desirable reconstructed image and, consequently, obtain useful information about the imaging medium is the main focus of this book. In this regard, the principles of image reconstruction techniques in ultrasound imaging are fully described, and the required processing steps are completely expanded and analyzed in detail. Simulation results to compare the performance of different beamformers are also included in this book to visualize their differences to the reader. Other advanced techniques in the field of medical ultrasound data processing, as well as their corresponding recent achievements, are also presented in this book. Simply put, in this book, processing of medical ultrasound data from different aspects and acquiring information from them in different manners are covered and organized in different chapters. Before going through the detailed explanation in each chapter, it gives the reader an overview of the considered issue and focuses his\her mind on the challenge ahead. The contents of the book are also presented in such a way that they are easy for the reader to understand. This book is recommended for researchers who study medical ultrasound data processing.
Beams: The Story of Particle Accelerators and the Science They Discover (Copernicus Books)
by Volker ZiemannThis book describes and explains the world of particle accelerators and the physics they study. The presentation is non-technical (E=mc2 is the only equation!) and the prose accessible. By following the co-evolution of particle accelerators and particle physics, readers will learn why the accelerators are built, how they work, and what "results" they produce. The book highlights the great ideas (e.g. synchrotron) and technological advances (superconducting magnets) that boosted the potential of accelerators and led to new discoveries, eventually resulting in the standard model of particle physics. Many concepts are illustrated with figures derived from three-dimensional models; these include theaccelerators, detectors, and particles. Background information about the main protagonists, along with pointers to further reading, e.g. from "Scientific American," are provided in endnotes.
Beamtimes and Lifetimes: The World of High Energy Physicists
by Sharon TraweekThe unique breed of particle physicists constitutes a community of sophisticated mythmakers--explicators of the nature of matter who forever alter our views of space and time. But who are these people? What is their world really like? Sharon Traweek, a bold and original observer of culture, opens the door to this unusual domain and offers us a glimpse into the inner sanctum.
Bear River: Last Chance to Change Course
by Craig DentonCraig Denton notes, “Water will be the primary political, social, and economic issue in the Intermountain West in the twenty-first century.” Urban Utah thirsts for the Great Salt Lake principal source, the Bear River. Plans abound to divert it for a rapidly growing Wasatch Front, as the last good option for future water. But is it? Who now uses the river and how? Who are its stakeholders? What does the Bear mean to them? What is left for further use? How do we measure the Bear's own interest, give it a voice in decisions? Craig Denton's documentary takes on these questions. He tells the story of the river and the people, of many sorts, with diverse purposes, who live and depend on it. Bear River begins in alpine snowfields, lakes, and creeks in the Uinta Mountains, flows north through Wyoming, loops south in Idaho, and enters the inland sea by way of the an environmentally critical bird refuge. Along the way it has many uses: habitat, farms, electricity, recreation, lawns and homes. Denton researches the natural and human history of the river, photographed it, interviewed many stakeholders, and tried to capture the river perspective. His photographs, printed as crisp duotones, carry us downstream, ultimately to big questions, begging to be answered soon, about what we should and can make of the Bear River. Denton writes, Gravity my engine, Water my soul. I am the teller of life and deep time. You would measure me. Sever me. Own me. In your name. Let me flow In your imagination That I may speak.
Bear Wrangler: Memoirs of an Alaska Pioneer Biologist
by Will TroyerBeginning in 1951, Will Troyer embarked on a thirty-year career with the U.S. Department of the Interior that included positions such as fish and game warden and manager of the Kodiak Island brown bear preserve. Troyer’s engaging prose affirms his passionate connection to the natural world, as he describes experiences such as being in the midst of a herd of 40,000 caribou. Bear Wrangler is an absorbing tale of one man’s experience as an authentic pioneer in the last vestiges of American wilderness.
Bearing Design in Machinery: Engineering Tribology and Lubrication (Mechanical Engineering Ser. #Vol. 147)
by Avraham HarnoyCovering the fundamental principles of bearing selection, design, and tribology, this book discusses basic physical principles of bearing selection, lubrication, design computations, advanced bearings materials, arrangement, housing, and seals, as well as recent developments in bearings for high-speed aircraft engines. The author explores unique so
Bearing Dynamic Coefficients in Rotordynamics: Computation Methods and Practical Applications (Wiley-ASME Press Series)
by Lukasz BrenkaczA guide to bearing dynamic coefficients in rotordynamics that includes various computation methods Bearing Dynamic Coefficients in Rotordynamics delivers an authoritative guide to the fundamentals of bearing and bearing dynamic coefficients containing various computation methods. Three of the most popular and state-of-the-art methods of determining coefficients are discussed in detail. The computation methods covered include an experimental linear method created by the author, and numerical linear and nonlinear methods using the finite element method. The author—a renowned expert on the topic—presents the results and discusses the limitations of the various methods. Accessibly written, the book provides a clear analysis of the fundamental phenomena in rotor dynamics and includes many illustrations from numerical analysis and the results of the experimental research. Filled with practical examples, the book also includes a companion website hosting code used to calculate the dynamic coefficients of journal bearings. This important book: Covers examples of different computation methods, presents results, and discusses limitations of each Reviews the fundamentals of bearing and bearing dynamic coefficients Includes illustrations from the numerical analysis and results of the experimental research Offers myriad practical examples and a companion website Written for researchers and practitioners working in rotordynamics, Bearing Dynamic Coefficients in Rotordynamics will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate students in mechanical and aerospace engineering who seek a comprehensive treatment of the foundations of this subject.
Bearing Witness to Change: Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology Practice
by Alec Buchanan Michael A. Norko Ezra Griffith Madelon V. Baranoski Howard ZonanaThis book explores the response of forensic psychiatry and psychology to changes over the last several decades. It presents the disciplines themselves as change agents that have shaped forensic work, public policy, and law. Topics include selected developments in forensic practice, the management and treatment of individuals who have had involvement with law enforcement systems, and the application of administrative principles to the management of forensic entities.
Bearing Witness: Ruth Harrison and British Farm Animal Welfare (1920–2000) (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements)
by Claas KirchhelleThis open access book is the biography of one of Britain’s foremost animal welfare campaigners and of the world of activism, science, and politics she inhabited. In 1964, Ruth Harrison’s bestseller Animal Machines triggered a gear change in modern animal protection by popularising the term ‘factory farming’ alongside a new way of thinking about animal welfare. Here, historian Claas Kirchhelle explores Harrison’s avant-garde upbringing, Quakerism, and how animal welfare debates were linked to concerns about the wider ethical and environmental trajectories of post-war Britain. Breaking the myth of Harrison as a one-hit wonder, Kirchhelle reconstructs Harrison’s 46 years of campaigning and the rapid transformation of welfare politics and science during this time. Exacerbated by Harrison’s own actions, the decades after 1964 saw a polarisation of animalpolitics, a professionalisation of British activism, and the rise of a new animal welfare science. Harrison’s belief in incremental reform allowed her to form ties to leading scientists but alienated her from more radical campaigners. Many of her 1964 demands gradually became part of mainstream politics. However, farm animal welfare’s increasing marketisation has also led to a relative divorce from the wider agenda of social improvement that Harrison once bore witness to. This is the first book to cast light on the interlinked histories of British farm animal welfare activism, science, and legislation. Its unique scope allows it to go beyond existing accounts of modern British animal welfare and will be of interest to those interested in animal welfare, environmentalism, and the behavioural sciences.
Bears (Exploring Play)
by Shelbourne HelenBears takes a look at these ever popular toys through a range of hands-on activities and creativity. Children will: develop self expression and creativity through familiar bear stories and rhymes build on mathematical concepts such as counting and size extend their knowledge and understanding of a range of scientific principles. This book is part of the Exploring Play series which are exciting topic-based books that present a range of unusual themes, together with new ideas for timeless favourites.
Bears (Readers)
by National Geographic KidsGet ready for a walk on the wild side in this image-packed book all about bears! Kids will learn about different kinds of bears, where they live, and what they do. This level 3 reader is written in an easy-to-grasp style to encourage the animal lovers of today and scientists of tomorrow!
Bears Are Best!: The scoop about how we sniff, sneak, snack, and snooze!
by Joan HolubIt's panda-monium in this rollicking nonfiction picture book about bears habits, habitats, and more. Perfect for the curious cub in your house!Hello! I am Brown Bear, and in this book, you'll get to learn about ME--the only bear in the forest!Hold on a minute. Polar Bear here, and I am the only bear in this book. Though I live in the Arctic, not a forest.Hey now, Spectacled Bear here, and we are bearly-scratching the surface. There are tons of great bears to learn and laugh with in this fact-filled picture book!New York Times bestselling author Joan Holub teams up with award-winning illustrator Laurie Keller for a paw-sitively hilarious nonfiction picture book about bear classification!
Bears Are Curious (Step into Reading)
by Joyce Milton Christopher SantoroBears are curious, and so are kids! In this sweet Step into Reading, kids can follow a mother bear and her two cubs from winter hibernation to summer sun through an entire year. Kids will learn simple bear facts in this engaging, kid-friendly story that will appeal to even the youngest of animal lovers.
Bears Make the Best Science Buddies
by Carmen OliverIt's time for the first science lab, and nobody can agree on an experiment. But why pick just one when Bear is around? Bears makes the best science buddies, and Bear proves it by helping each group use the scientific method for its special experiment. This fourth picture book in Carmen Oliver's Bears Make the Best...series will bring the excitement of science to a new level.
Bears of the North: A Year Inside Their Worlds
by Wayne LynchAn unprecedented visual and scientific journey into the secret world of bears.In Bears of the North, renowned wildlife photographer, naturalist, and bestselling author Wayne Lynch offers us a work of scintillating science and stunning beauty. Following polar bears, brown bears, and American and Asiatic black bears through the seasons, this journey is an insider's view of hibernation's mysteries and the birth of cubs in winter; the mating rituals and voracious appetites of spring; hunting, fishing, and encounters with neighbors during summer; and the feeding frenzy and exuberant play of autumn. Dispelling the stereotypes and untruths—but none of the magic—surrounding these magnificent animals, Lynch comments on the latest scientific discoveries related to the biology, behavior, and ecology of bears. He describes how satellite telemetry has revealed the purpose behind the meanderings of bears and the great distances they sometimes cover on land and in water. He also shows how DNA analysis can teach us about the relatedness of bears within a population, even revealing the identity of a particular cub's father. Taking us out into the wilds of the tundra and forests to share his firsthand observations of the marvelous bears of the Northern Hemisphere, Lynch describes their survival strategies and the threats they face from habitat fragmentation and global climate change. Lynch's fascinating narrative is enhanced by over 150 gorgeous, original color photographs that capture bears in their habitats, including appearances of the elusive moon bear, fierce polar bear battles, and rare images of mothers' intimate moments with their cubs. Informed by Lynch's nearly forty years of experience observing and photographing bears in the wild, and aided by sophisticated digital photo technologies, Bears of the North is an unrivaled collection of enthralling and informative portraits of bears in their natural environments.
Bears on the Brain (Science Solves It!)
by Lucille Recht PennerSolve kid-sized dilemmas and mysteries with the Science Solves It! series. These fun science books for kids ages 5–8 blend clever stories with real-life science. Why did the dog turn green? Can you control a hiccup? Is that a UFO? Find the answers to these questions and more as kid characters dive into physical, life, and earth sciences. What made the mysterious tracks in Oscar's yard? Oscar insists it's a bear. The kids devise a plan to get a clear set of prints and compare them to the pictures they find at the library. Will they solve the mystery? Books in this perfect STEM series will help kids think like scientists and get ahead in the classroom. Activities and experiments are included in every book! (Level One; Science topic: Animal Tracks)
Bears: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Perspectives in Native Eastern North America (Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series)
by Gregory A. Waselkov Heather A. LaphamHighlighting the role of bears in Indigenous societies of North America Although scholars have long recognized the mythic status of bears in Indigenous North American societies of the past, this is the first volume to synthesize the vast amount of archaeological and historical research on the topic. Bears charts the special relationship between the American black bear and humans in eastern Native American cultures across thousands of years. These essays draw on zooarchaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic evidence from nearly 300 archaeological sites from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico. Contributors explore the ways bears have been treated as something akin to another kind of human—in the words of anthropologist Irving Hallowell, “other than human persons”—in Algonquian, Cherokee, Iroquois, Meskwaki, Creek, and many other Native cultures. Case studies focus on bear imagery in Native art and artifacts; the religious and economic significance of bears and bear products such as meat, fat, oil, and pelts; bears in Native worldviews, kinship systems, and cosmologies; and the use of bears as commodities in transatlantic trade. The case studies in Bears demonstrate that bears were not only a source of food, but were also religious, economic, and political icons within Indigenous cultures. This volume convincingly portrays the black bear as one of the most socially significant species in Native eastern North America. Contributors: Ralph Koziarski | Megan C. Kassabaum | Louis-Vincent Laperrière-Désorcy | J. Lynn Funkhouser | Heather A. Lapham | Hannah O’Regan | Christian St-Pierre | David Mather | DR Tanya M. Peres | Claire St-Germain | Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman | Heather Altman | Terrance Joseph Martin | Thomas Berres | J. Matthew Compton | Ashley Peles | Gregory A. Waselkov A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series