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Twin Tracks: The Unexpected Origins of the Modern World
by James BurkeTwin Tracks is a landmark book of real-world stories that investigates the nature of change and divines as never before the unlikely origins of many aspects of contemporary life. In each of the work's twenty-five narratives, we discover how the different outcomes of an important historical event in the past often come together again in the future.<P><P> Each chapter starts with an event -- such as the U.S. attack on Tripoli in 1804 -- that generates two divergent series of consequences. After tracking each pathway as it ranges far and wide through time and space, Burke shows how the paths finally and unexpectedly converge in the modern world.<P> Twin Tracks pinpoints the myriad ways the future is shaped, whether by love, war, accident, genius, or discovery. For instance, in "The Marriage of Figaro to Stealth Fighter," Burke's twin tracks start with the composer of the opera and the French spy from whose play he stole the plot. The tracks then encompass, among other things, freemasonry, the War of Independence, Captain Cook, jellyfish, Jane Austen, and audio tape. Ultimately, the convergence of the two Figaro tracks sets the stage for the development of Gulf War Stealth aircraft.<P> Wonderfully accessible and lucidly written, Twin Tracks offers an amusing and instructive new view of the past and the future.
Twisted Morse Complexes: Morse Homology and Cohomology with Local Coefficients (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2361)
by Augustin Banyaga David Hurtubise Peter SpaethThis book gives a detailed presentation of twisted Morse homology and cohomology on closed finite-dimensional smooth manifolds. It contains a complete proof of the Twisted Morse Homology Theorem, which says that on a closed finite-dimensional smooth manifold the homology of the Morse–Smale–Witten chain complex with coefficients in a bundle of abelian groups G is isomorphic to the singular homology of the manifold with coefficients in G. It also includes proofs of twisted Morse-theoretic versions of well-known theorems such as Eilenberg's Theorem, the Poincaré Lemma, and the de Rham Theorem. The effectiveness of twisted Morse complexes is demonstrated by computing the Lichnerowicz cohomology of surfaces, giving obstructions to spaces being associative H-spaces, and computing Novikov numbers. Suitable for a graduate level course, the book may also be used as a reference for graduate students and working mathematicians or physicists.
Twisted Photons: Applications of Light with Orbital Angular Momentum
by Juan P. Torres Lluis TornerThis book deals with applications in several areas of science and technology that make use of light which carries orbital angular momentum. In most practical scenarios, the angular momentum can be decomposed into two independent contributions: the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum. The orbital contribution affords a fundamentally new degree of freedom, with fascinating and wide-spread applications. Unlike spin angular momentum, which is associated with the polarization of light, the orbital angular momentum arises as a consequence of the spatial distribution of the intensity and phase of an optical field, even down to the single photon limit. Researchers have begun to appreciate its implications for our understanding of the ways in which light and matter can interact, and its practical potential in different areas of science and technology.
Twisted True Tales From Science: Disaster Discoveries
by Stephanie BearceLondon was once covered in a fog so polluted that it killed 12,000 people. The Aleppo earthquake killed 230,000 people, and a wall of water mysteriously wiped out the whole town of Burnham-on-Sea. All of these were catastrophic disasters, but they led to important discoveries in science. Learn about how the earth turned to liquid in New Zealand and what happens when a tsunami meets a nuclear reactor. These stories may sound twisted and strange, but they are all true tales from science!Ages 9-12
Twisted True Tales From Science: Explosive Experiments
by Stephanie BearceTwo thousand years ago, Chinese scientists were looking for a medicine that would make them live forever. Instead, they blew up their lab and discovered gunpowder. Alfred Nobel blew up his laboratory twice before he discovered the formula for dynamite. Learn about the Apollo 13 and Challenger explosions and the strange space explosions caused by top secret Starfish Prime. These stories may sound twisted, but they're all true tales from science!Ages 9-12
Twisted True Tales From Science: Insane Inventors
by Stephanie BearceNikola Tesla was crazy smart. He invented the idea for cell phones in 1893, discovered alternating current, and invented a death ray gun. Of course, he also talked to pigeons, ate only boiled food, and was scared of women who wore jewelry. He was an insane inventor. So was Henry Cavendish, who discovered hydrogen, calculated the density of the Earth, and was so scared of people that he had to write notes to communicate. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the laws of gravity, believed in magic, and thought he could make a potion to create gold. These stories may sound twisted, but they're all true tales from science!Ages 9-12
Twisted True Tales From Science: Medical Mayhem
by Stephanie BearceGround-up mummy bones, leeches sucking human blood, and a breakfast of dried mouse paste. It sounds like a horror movie, but those were actual medicines prescribed by early doctors. Medical students studied anatomy on bodies stolen from graves and had to operate on people while they were awake. Learn about the medicines that came from poison and doctors who experimented on themselves and their families. It's a twisted tale of medical mayhem, but it's all true!Ages 9-12
Twistor Sigma Models: Gravity, Amplitudes, and Flat Space Holography (Springer Theses)
by Atul SharmaIn recent decades, twistor theory has grown into an irreplaceable tool for the study of scattering amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity. This book introduces the reader to cutting-edge advances in twistor theory and its applications to general relativity. The problem of graviton scattering in four dimensions is shown to be dual to dramatically simpler computations in a two-dimensional CFT known as a twistor sigma model. Twistor sigma models are the first step toward a holographic description of gravity in asymptotically flat space-times. They underpin the infinitely many asymptotic symmetries of flat space physics discovered in celestial holography, and extend them to exciting new arenas like curved space-times. They also yield intrinsically mathematical results in the field of hyperkähler manifolds. This volume will be of broad interest to students and researchers looking for an accessible entry point into twistor geometry, scattering amplitudes, and celestial holography. It will also provide an invaluable reference for specialists by bringing together results from a host of different disciplines.
Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction
by Nick MontfortFrom the Book Jacket: Interactive fiction-the best-known form of which is the text game or text adventure-has not received as much critical attention as have such other forms of electronic literature as hypertext fiction and the conversational programs known as chatterbots. Twisty Little Passages (the title refers to a maze in Adventure, the first interactive fiction) is the first book-length consideration of this form, examining it from gaming and literary perspectives. Nick Montfort, an interactive fiction author himself, offers both aficionados and first-time users a way to approach interactive fiction that will lead to a more pleasurable and meaningful experience of it. Twisty Little Passages looks at interactive fiction beginning with its most important literary ancestor, the riddle. Montfort then discusses Adventure and its precursors (including the I Ching and Dungeons and Dragons), and follows this with an examination of mainframe text games developed in response, focusing on the most influential work of that era, Zork. He then considers the introduction of commercial interactive fiction for home computers, particularly that produced by Infocom. Commercial works inspired an.independent reaction, and Montfort describes the emergence of independent creators and the development of an online interactive fiction community in the 1990s. Finally, he considers the influence of interactive fiction on other literary and gaming forms. With Twisty Little Passages. Nick Montfort places interactive fiction in its computational and literary contexts, opening up-this-still-developing form to new consideration.
Twitter®: How Jack Dorsey Changed the Way We Communicate
by Celicia ScottIn the modern world, Twitter has changed the way we talk to each other, the way we share important news, and the way we learn about the world. You've probably heard of movie celebrities, politicians, and sports stars using Twitter to communicate with fans, but the social networking site has also done a lot to change the way ordinary people use the Internet. It's even changed the way we speak! Discover the story of Jack Dorsey, Twitter's co-founder, and how he helped to create one of the Internet's biggest successes. Learn how Jack and his friends came up with the ideas for the business that would change their lives--and the lives of so many Internet users--forever.
Two Acres of Time: Unearthing the Ice Age at the Byron Dig
by Richard S. LaubIn 1959, what appeared to be the bones of a mastodon were found in a western New York pasture. When researchers began to investigate further in the early 1980s, the site proved to hold far more. Known as the Hiscock Site, it contained an astonishingly rich trove of fossils and artifacts dating from the late Ice Age through the onset of European settlement. For nearly three decades, work at the site—the “Byron Dig”—unearthed new evidence of changing fauna, flora, cultures, and environments over the past 13,000 years.In Two Acres of Time, Richard S. Laub—the principal investigator of the project—tells the story of the Byron Dig. Recounting twenty-nine years of intensive excavation involving more than a thousand participants, he provides a comprehensive account of a working paleontological and archaeological field project and its contributions to our knowledge of the past. Laub explores how understanding of the site evolved through the years, the surprises that came to light along the way, and how contributions from numerous researchers helped achieve a fuller picture of the significance of the findings. The book also shows how people from all walks of life—not only scientists but also volunteers and local small-town residents—worked together to unearth and interpret the site’s contents and to preserve them for future generations. This extensively illustrated book connects life at a scientific excavation project to the grand sweep of long-ago epochs, and is a compelling read and resource for researchers and general readers alike.
Two Californias: The Myths And Realities Of A State Divided Against Itself
by Eleanor Smith Michael Di LeoTwo Californias explores for the first time the pervasive folk myth that Northern and Southern California should really be separate states. You hear it all the time in the media and on the street - but is it true? Michael DiLeo and Eleanor Smith look closely and discover that there are profound truths embedded in the folk tradition. And equally profound misconceptions. Probing the surprising and little-known history of the split-state movement, the authors find that its underlying sentiments have been part of California politics and culture since territorial days. What the issues are today, what their implications are for our lives in the 1980s, and what we can do about them are the focus of this fascinating book. The current water controversy, perhaps the most crucial in the state's history, cannot be resolved until the two Californias make peace with each other. No other book confronts the environmental and philosophical problems that plague California and have nationwide echoes as thoroughly and as intelligently as Two Californias does. Two Californias is entertaining - and it also thought-provoking. It is very likely to change the ways we think about living together and sharing resources in the 1980s.
Two Decades from the Indian Ocean Tsunami: Key Challenges and Advancements (Disaster Risk Reduction)
by Rajib Shaw Takako Izumi Riyanti Djalante Fumihiko ImamuraThis book presents the advancements in the disaster risk reduction and resilience building in the countries affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami countries. The book includes a few cross-cutting issues related to governance, technology, and communities, with two major parts: (1) cross-cutting issues and (2) regional and country level experiences. At the threshold of twenty years from Indian Ocean Tsunami, the concept of disaster risk reduction field has evolved significantly in the affected countries as well as around the world. Globally, several mega disasters happened in the last 20 years, and risk landscape has become more complex. In addition, technology, governance, and people’s resilience have gained positive momentum. We had two world conferences on disaster risk reduction, resulting in two global disaster risk reduction frameworks, which aligned with development frameworks as well as climate change agreements. COVID-19 and post COVID risk landscape has brought the new dimension of compound and complex disasters and need for all hazards’ approach.
Two Degrees: The Built Environment And Our Changing Climate
by Alisdair McGregor Cole Roberts Fiona CousinsThe Earth’s temperature has been rising. To limit catastrophic outcomes, the international scientific community has set a challenging goal of no more than two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) average temperature rise. Economists agree we will save trillions of dollars by acting early. But how do we act successfully? And what’s the backup plan if we fall short? Setting politics aside, Two Degrees reviews the current science and explains how we can set practical steps to reduce the extent of warming and to adapt to the inevitable changes, all while improving the bottom line, beautifying our communities, and increasing human health. The book is a practical guide intended for a broad audience of those who occupy and shape our built environment. The authors provide a clear framework for communities, policy makers, planners, designers, developers, builders, and operators to help manage the impacts and capture the opportunities of our changing climate. Two Degrees is divided into three sections—Fundamentals, Mitigation, and Adaptation—covering a diverse array of topics ranging from climate-positive communities and low-carbon buildings to the psychology of choice and the cost of a low-carbon economy. After a foreword by Amory Lovins, more than 10 contributing authors share knowledge based on direct experience in all aspects of built environment practice. This book clarifies the misconceptions, provides new and unique insights, and shows how a better approach to the built environment can increase resilience and positively shape our future.
Two Hybrid Technologies
by Bernhard Suter Erich E. WankerProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) are strongly predictive of functional relationships among proteins in virtually all processes that take place in the living cell. Therefore, the comprehensive exploration of interactome networks is one of the major goals in systems biology. The aim of Two Hybrid Technologies: Methods and Protocols is to provide a compendium of state-of-the art protocols for the investigation of binary PPIs with the classical yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) approach, Y2H variants and other in vivo methods for PPI mapping. Divided into two convenient sections, the first gives a survey of protocols that are currently employed for Y2H high-throughput screens by different expert labs in the field. Rather than detailing the principles of screening, which have been described previously, the focus is on different implementations of Y2H interactome mapping. The second section of the book considers innovative PPI detection methods that have the potential to emerge as alternative high-throughput methodologies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Two Hybrid Technologies: Methods and Protocols supplies researchers with a comprehensive toolbox for the identification of biologically relevant protein interactions.
Two Phase Separation in the T-Junction
by Hafiz Muhammad Ali Faheem Ejaz William PaoThis book provides a comprehensive yet concise knowledge and understanding in the field of Two-phase separation in the T-Junction. and this book can not only contribute to the academics, but it can also provide valuable insight for the industrial use of the T-junction.This book discusses in detail, the effect of different parameters on phase separation. These independent variables include diameter ratio, velocity ratio, individual phase velocities, side arm inclination, main arm inclination, mass split ratio, density of the working fluid, types of T-junctions used and modification in the T-Junction. The objectives and goals of this books are concerned with the research involved with the heat transfer applications, fluid mechanics and flow transmission in the petroleum field. Currently the data from the literature indicates that there is no specific source of consistent conclusion about the multiphase phenomenon. This book can provide a database of knowledge keeping in view of all the previous studies of the recent decades.So, engineers performing their duties in their respective sector, graduate and Ph.D students in the field of engineering can get valuable information about Two Phase Separation in the T-Junction.
Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race
by David Scott Neil Armstrong Christine Toomey Tom Hanks Alexei LeonovSpace was one of the most fiercely fought battlegrounds of the Cold War, the Moon its ultimate beachhead. In this dual autobiography,Apollo 15 commander David Scott and cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, the first man to ever walk in space, recount their exceptional lives and careers spent on the cutting edge of science and space exploration—and their participation in the greatest technological race ever—to land a man on the Moon. With each mission fraught with perilous tasks, and each space program touched by tragedy, these parallel tales of adventure and heroism read like a modern-day thriller. Cutting fast between their differing recollections, this book reveals, in a very personal way, the drama of one of the most ambitious contests ever embarked on by man, set against the conflict that once held the world in suspense: the clash between Communism and Western democracy. Through the men's memoirs, their courage, passion for exploration, and determination to push themselves to the limit, emerge not only through their triumphs but also through their perseverance in times of extraordinary difficulty and danger. "Two Sides of the Moon is unique among space histories. If you are looking for a balanced, interesting, and personal account of the American and Soviet space programs during the 1960s and 1970s this is it. " ---Astronomy Magazine
Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race
by David Scott Alexei LeonovWith a foreword by Neil Armstrong and an introduction by Tom HanksIn this unique dual autobiography, astronaut David Scott and cosmonaut Alexei Leonov recount their exceptional lives and careers spent on the cutting edge of science and space exploration. This book reveals, in a very personal way, the drama of one of the most ambitious contests ever embarked on by man, set against the conflict that once held the world in suspense: the clash between communism and Western democracy. Through the men’s memoirs, their courage emerges from their perseverance in times of extraordinary difficulty and danger.
Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race
by David Scott Alexei LeonovGrowing up on either side of the Iron Curtain, David Scott and Alexei Leonov experienced very different childhoods but shared the same dream to fly. Excelling in every area of mental and physical agility, Scott and Leonov became elite fighter pilots and were chosen by their countries' burgeoning space programs to take part in the greatest technological race ever-to land a man on the moon. In this unique dual autobiography, astronaut Scott and cosmonaut Leonov recount their exceptional lives and careers spent on the cutting edge of science and space exploration. With each mission fraught with perilous risks, and each space program touched by tragedy, these parallel tales of adventure and heroism read like a modern-day thriller. Cutting fast between their differing recollections, this book reveals, in a very personal way, the drama of one of the most ambitious contests ever embarked on by man, set against the conflict that once held the world in suspense: the clash between Russian communism and Western democracy.Before training to be the USSR's first man on the moon, Leonov became the first man to walk in space. It was a feat that won him a place in history but almost cost him his life. A year later, in 1966, Gemini 8, with David Scott and Neil Armstrong aboard, tumbled out of control across space. Surviving against dramatic odds-a split-second decision by pilot Armstrong saved their lives-they both went on to fly their own lunar missions: Armstrong to command Apollo 11 and become the first man to walk on the moon, and Scott to perform an EVA during the Apollo 9 mission and command the most complex expedition in the history of exploration, Apollo 15. Spending three days on the moon, Scott became the seventh man to walk on its breathtaking surface. Marking a new age of USA/USSR cooperation, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project brought Scott and Leonov together, finally ending the Cold War silence and building a friendship that would last for decades. Their courage, passion for exploration, and determination to push themselves to the limit emerge in these memoirs not only through their triumphs but also through their perseverance in times of extraordinary difficulty and danger.
Two Studies in Gas-Phase Ion Spectroscopy
by Matthew J. SimpsonIn this thesis Matthew Simpson reportstwo areas of work in gas ion spectroscopy, each investigation in itself worthy of a PhD. The first study uses tunable vacuum-ultraviolet radiation from a synchrotron to identify negative ions from twenty four photoexcited polyatomic molecules in the gas phase. From these experiments, Matthew collects a vast amount of data and summarises and reviews ion-pair formation from polyatomic molecules. The second study is on selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. Matthew investigates the reactions of cations and anions with ethene, monofluoroethene, 1,1-difluoroethene and tetrafluoroethene. In this study Matthew tries to explain why certain products are formed preferentially over other products at a microscopic level of understanding. The data recorded in this thesis form the most comprehensive collection of information about anion formation and are the basis of a review and numerous articles in specialist journals.
Two Truths and a Lie: Forces of Nature
by Laurie Ann Thompson Ammi-Joan PaquetteCrazy-but-true stories about the natural world make this acclaimed nonfiction series perfect for fans of curiosities and wonders—and anyone looking to explore ways to separate fact from fiction.Did you know studies have shown that too many fidget spinners spinning in the same direction can potentially have adverse effects on the earth’s magnetic field? Or that there’s a company that can turn your deceased loved one’s remains into a diamond? Or that the loudest sound in history was made by the eruption of a volcano in 1883, whose echoing blast circled the planet twice?Welcome to Two Truths and a Lie: Forces of Nature! You’ve heard of the game: Every story in this book is strange and astounding, but one out of every three is an outright lie. Picking out the fakes isn’t as easy as you think, however. Some false stories are based on truth, and some of the true stories are just plain unbelievable! Don’t be fooled by the photos that accompany each story—it’s going to take all your smarts and some clever research to ferret out the truth.From a man who gave himself an appendectomy to radio signals from other planets to eagles that have been trained to take out spy drones, the stories in this third installment in the Two Truths and a Lie series will amaze you! Just don’t believe everything you read. . . .
Two Truths and a Lie: Histories and Mysteries
by Laurie Ann Thompson Ammi-Joan PaquetteCrazy-but-true stories about history, geography, and human achievement make this acclaimed nonfiction series perfect for fans of curiosities and wonders. A fun way for middle graders to explore ways to separate fact from fiction.Did you know that a young girl once saved an entire beach community from a devastating tsunami thanks to something she learned in her fourth-grade geography lesson? Or that there is a person alive today who generates her own magnetic field? Or how about the fact that Benjamin Franklin once challenged the Royal Academy of Brussels to devise a way to make farts smell good?Welcome to Two Truths and a Lie: Histories and Mysteries! You know the game: Every story in this book is strange and astounding, but one out of every three is an outright lie.Can you guess which stories are the facts and which are the fakes? It’s not going to be easy. Some false stories are based on truth, and some of the true stories are just plain unbelievable! Don’t be fooled by the photos that accompany each story—it’s going to take all your smarts and some clever research to root out the alternative facts.From a train that transported dead people to antique photos of real fairies to a dog who was elected mayor, the stories in this book will amaze you! Just don’t believe everything you read. . . .
Two Truths and a Lie: It's Alive!
by Lisa K. Weber Laurie Ann Thompson Ammi-Joan PaquetteTwo Truths and a Lie is the first book in a fascinating new series that presents some of the most crazy-but-true stories about the living world as well as a handful of stories that are too crazy to be true—and asks readers to separate facts from the fakes! Did you know that there is a fungus that can control the mind of an ant and make it do its bidding? Would you believe there is such a thing as a corpse flower—a ten-foot-tall plant with a blossom that smells like a zombie? How about a species of octopus that doesn’t live in water but rather lurks in trees in the Pacific Northwest?Every story in this book is strange and astounding. But not all of them are real. Just like the old game in this book’s title, two out of every three stories are completely true and one is an outright lie. Can you guess which? It’s not going to be easy. Some false stories are based on truth, and some of the true stories are just plain unbelievable. And they’re all accompanied by dozens of photos, maps, and illustrations. Amaze yourself and trick your friends as you sort out the fakes from the facts!Acclaimed authors Ammi-Joan Paquette and Laurie Ann Thompson have teamed up to create a series of sneaky stories about the natural world designed to amaze, disgust, and occasionally bamboozle you.
Two from One: A Short Introduction to Cell Division Mechanisms
by Michael PolymenisTWO FROM ONE Condensed and easy step-in resource to the vast universe of cell cycle control and cell division Two from One: A Short Introduction to Cell Division Mechanisms is an easy and solid step-in for students and all individuals starting to learn about cell and molecular biology, as well as professionals looking for an avenue into the subject, emphasizing general concepts and universal aspects of eukaryotic cell division without getting lost in the vast amount of detail across the overall field. The text enables readers to learn about general concepts and discoveries from various systems and approaches to elucidate the process of cell division, with descriptions of scientific processes included throughout in order to aid in reader comprehension. The content and material have been taught, revised, and simplified based on student feedback, to be as accessible as possible to a broader audience. It can be read in a few hours by anyone with an interest in the topic and an undergraduate background. In Two from One, readers can expect to find coverage on a myriad of essential topics, such as: Cell theory, mitosis, chromosome theory of heredity, DNA, and why/how cell cycles come in many flavors Cell growth and division, covering balanced growth and cell proliferation, measures of cell growth, and the relationship between cell growth and division Assaying cell cycle progression, covering measuring cell cycle phases, single-cell imaging, labeled mitoses, and frequency distributions Duplicating the genome, covering DNA replication, origin firing, chromatin, checkpoints, and the DNA damage checkpoint Undergraduates, graduate students, and early career professionals in cell biology, biomedicine, and biology, along with post docs changing subject area or needing further information on cell division, will find Two from One to be an immensely useful, accessible, and reader-friendly resource in a traditionally highly complex field.
Two- and Three-Dimensional Flow of Groundwater
by Wouter Zijl Florimond De SmedtThis monograph is a practical guide to groundwater flow theory intended to serve students and practitioners by bridging the gap between basic hydrogeology and groundwater modeling. It synthesizes the mathematics of groundwater flow and provides information in an easily-accessible format for practicing groundwater professionals, consultants, and students that intend to become skillful and competent groundwater flow modelers.