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Virus Bioinformatics (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computational Biology Series)
by Dmitrij Frishman Manja MarzViruses are the most numerous and deadliest biological entities on the planet, infecting all types of living organisms—from bacteria to human beings. The constantly expanding repertoire of experimental approaches available to study viruses includes both low-throughput techniques, such as imaging and 3D structure determination, and modern OMICS technologies, such as genome sequencing, ribosomal profiling, and RNA structure probing. Bioinformatics of viruses faces significant challenges due to their seemingly unlimited diversity, unusual lifestyle, great variety of replication strategies, compact genome organization, and rapid rate of evolution. At the same time, it also has the potential to deliver decisive clues for developing vaccines and medications against dangerous viral outbreaks, such as the recent coronavirus pandemics. Virus Bioinformatics reviews state-of-the-art bioinformatics algorithms and recent advances in data analysis in virology. FEATURES Contributions from leading international experts in the field Discusses open questions and urgent needs Covers a broad spectrum of topics, including evolution, structure, and function of viruses, including coronaviruses The book will be of great interest to computational biologists wishing to venture into the rapidly advancing field of virus bioinformatics as well as to virologists interested in acquiring basic bioinformatics skills to support their wet lab work.
Virus-Derived Nanoparticles for Advanced Technologies: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1776)
by Christina Wege George P. LomonossoffThis volume details protocols on virus-derived nanoparticles (VNPs) for a number of different applications. Chapters guide readers through the production of VNPs derived from plant, animal and bacterial viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, encapsulation of heterologous materials within VNPs, and the modification of the outer surface of VNPs and how such modified VNPs can be developed into functional entities. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Virus-Derived Nanoparticles for Advanced Technologies: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Virus Detection (Pocket Guides to Biomedical Sciences)
by Charles H. WickViruses do not behave as other microbes; their life cycles require infecting healthy cells, commandeering their cellular apparatus, replicating and then killing the host cell. Methods for virus detection and identification have been developed only in the past few decades. These recently developed methods include molecular, physical, and proteomic techniques. All these approaches (Electron Microscopy, Molecular, Direct Counting, and Mass Spectrometry Proteomics) to detection and identification are reviewed in this succinct volume. It is written in approachable language with enough detail for trained professionals to follow and want to recommend to others. Key Features Covers common detection methods Reviews the history of detection from antiquity to the present Documents the strengths and weaknesses of various detection methods Describes how to detect newly discovered viruses Recommends specific applications for clinical, hospital, environmental, and public health uses
Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants: Characterization, Identification, Diagnosis and Management
by S. K. Raj Rajarshi Kumar Gaur Zhimin YinThis edited book elucidates the evolution of plant virus, genomic structure, diversity, plant-virus interaction, subcellular movement etc. The book reviews the biological machineries which allow the emergence of virus populations adapted by plant. The main objective of this book is the demonstration of a clear synergistic effect of plant viruses, an effect that was unexpectedly as important as applied alone. Ornamental plants are very popular and economically important worldwide. The international market of ornamentals is constantly expanding. Viruses and viroids can significantly reduce both decorative value and quality of propagated material of ornamentals. Due to the wide range of ornamental plant species and cultivars and their wide geographical distribution, the diversity of viruses that infect them is also high. The new emerging viruses are the causal agent for the economic loss of many important ornamental plants. Therefore, this book also adds value to current knowledge of virus stress response in ornamental plants and will provide the groundwork necessary for building future strategies for product enhancement. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, capacity builders and policymakers. It can serve as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of virology, agriculture and plant sciences.
Virus Diseases of Tropical and Subtropical Crops
by Emmanuel Emmanuel Vicente Vicente Justin Justin Olufemi Olufemi Lava Lava Gustavo A Fermin M Fuh-Jyh Fuh-Jyh Settumba Settumba Marcia Marcia James James Alexander Alexander Agustine Agustine Cherie Cherie Paula Tennant Indranil Indranil Angela AngelaThis book describes interactions of plant viruses with hosts and transmission vectors in an agricultural context. Starting with an overview of virus biology, economics and management, chapters then address economically significant plant diseases of tropical and subtropical crops. For each disease, symptoms, distribution, economic impact, causative virus, taxonomy, host range, transmission, diagnostic methods and management strategies are discussed.
Virus Diseases of Tropical and Subtropical Crops (CABI Plant Protection Series)
by James James Emmanuel Emmanuel James Legg Olufemi Olufemi Settumba Settumba Justin Justin Alexander Alexander Lava Lava Angela Angela Fuh-Jyh Fuh-Jyh Marcia Marcia Vicente Vicente Indranil Indranil Agustine Agustine Cherie CherieThis book describes interactions of plant viruses with hosts and transmission vectors in an agricultural context. Starting with an overview of virus biology, economics and management, chapters then address economically significant plant diseases of tropical and subtropical crops. For each disease, symptoms, distribution, economic impact, causative virus, taxonomy, host range, transmission, diagnostic methods and management strategies are discussed.
Virus Entry Inhibitors: Stopping the Enemy at the Gate (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1366)
by Shibo Jiang Lu LuThis book focuses on the important discoveries of the small molecule-, peptide-, and protein-based virus entry inhibitors and discusses advance of the development of different type of virus entry inhibitors as a novel class of antiviral drugs for treatment and prevention of viral infection. It includes entry inhibitors of HIV,HeV, NiV, RSV, EBOV, HCoV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HPV, flavivirus and influenza virus, so on. This book aims at providing an updated knowledge on virus entry inhibitors.
Virus Host Cell Genetic Material Transport: Computational ODE/PDE Modeling with R
by William E. SchiesserThe reproduction and spread of a virus during an epidemic proceeds when the virus attaches to a host cell and viral genetic material (VGM) (protein, DNA, RNA) enters the cell, then replicates, and perhaps mutates, in the cell. The movement of the VGM across the host cell outer membrane and within the host cell is a spatiotemporal dynamic process that is modeled in this book as a system of ordinary and partial differential equations (ODE/PDEs). The movement of the virus proteins through the cell membrane is modeled as a diffusion process expressed by the diffusion PDE (Fick’s second law). Within the cell, the time variation of the VGM is modeled as ODEs. The evolution of the dependent variables is computed by the numerical integration of the ODE/PDEs starting from zero initial conditions (ICs). The departure of the dependent variables from zero is in response to the virus protein concentration at the outer membrane surface (the point at which the virus binds to the host cell). The numerical integration of the ODE/PDEs is performed with routines coded (programmed) in R, a quality, open-source scientific computing system that is readily available from the Internet. Formal mathematics is minimized, e.g., no theorems and proofs. Rather, the presentation is through detailed examples that the reader/researcher/analyst can execute on modest computers. The ODE/PDE dependent variables are displayed graphically with basic R plotting utilities. The R routines are available from a download link so that the example models can be executed without having to first study numerical methods and computer coding. The routines can then be applied to variations and extensions of the ODE/PDE model, such as changes in the parameters and the form of the model equations.
Virus-Host Interactions: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2610)
by Marilena Aquino de MuroThis detailed volume spotlights methods to investigate a variety of virus-host interactions in humans, other mammals, fish, or insects. It explores viruses such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), honeybee viruses, Nipah virus, EBV, SVCV, HSV-1, HIV-1, A H1N1, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as applications of techniques such as qPCR, serum antibody responses, 4C analysis, cell membrane fusion, biosensors, computational modelling, quantitative proteomics, and other genetic tools to decipher those viral infections and interactions. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Virus-Host Interactions: Methods and Protocols serves as a valuable resource for researchers both in academia and in the biosciences industry who are engaged in the search for a better understanding of threatening virus-hosts interactions, virus detection, their characterization, and ultimately their taming and control.
Virus Hunters: How Science Protects People When Outbreaks and Pandemics Strike
by Amy CherrixA propulsive nonfiction look at the elite squads of scientists, doctors, and infectious disease experts who guard the boundary between public health and pandemics and how they gather data via boots on the ground “shoe-leather epidemiology” in order to save lives. Perfect for fans of Steve Sheinkin and Deborah Heiligman!Picture a detective. What comes to mind? A fast-talking private eye, interrogating a suspect? Or Sherlock Holmes, in his deerstalker hat, discovering clues to catch a killer?Now imagine that the suspect isn’t a person but a microscopic menace—a deadly virus or bacteria making people sick. What kind of detective does it take to nab a biological assassin, invisible to the naked eye?Just like detectives, epidemiologists—scientists who study how diseases emerge and spread—interview witnesses and gather clues to identify the cause of illness, locate those who are sick, and uncover the sources of outbreaks to stop them in their tracks.From a quickly spreading cholera outbreak in 1880s London, to a mystery illness in New Mexico that stumped investigators, to the development of the vaccines to fight COVID-19 and more, join acclaimed author Amy Cherrix on a journey to explore the past, present, and future of virus hunting as the world’s greatest disease detectives race to crack the medical codes that lead to cures.
Virus Hybrids as Nanomaterials
by Baochuan Lin Banahalli RatnaIn Virus Hybrids as Nanomaterials: Methods and Protocols expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods used to study virus for medial and nonmedical applications. These include methods and techniques for genetically engineering viruses for therapeutic purpose and vaccine production, chemically modified viruses for virus-templated nanoparticles production, and genetically engineered or chemically modified viral particles as imaging agents. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Virus Hybrids as Nanomaterials: Methods and Protocols seek to aid new researchers to get involved in this multidisciplinary area.
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Plants: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2172)
by Vincent Courdavault Sébastien BesseauThis volume aims at providing a complete and updated overview of gene downregulation in plants performed through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Chapters guide readers through classical and newly developed protocols of VIGS to allow readers to initiate or optimize their own silencing experiments according to the methods. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Plants: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Virus Infected Cells (Subcellular Biochemistry #106)
by Swetha Vijayakrishnan Yaming Jiu J. Robin HarrisVirus-infected Cells is a comprehensive and technical exploration of the intricate interactions between viruses and host cells. This book delves into the molecular and cellular aspects of viral infections, providing a wealth of knowledge about various viruses and their effects on cellular mechanisms. The first part of the book covers general/technical aspects, introducing the reader to the field of virology and providing an overview of the techniques used to study virus-infected cells. It covers topics such as the visualisation of virus-infected cells by cryo-electron tomography and the assessment of necroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, in virus-infected cells. In addition, the book explores the role of apoptosis and phagocytosis as antiviral mechanisms, as well as the intricate process of viral membrane fusion and penetration. It also discusses the tracking of viral entry into living cells and the use of correlative cryo-imaging to study the biology of viruses in cells and tissues. Finally, the book examines the cytopathic effect induced by viruses, shedding light on the damage caused to infected cells. The second section of the book explores specific viruses and their interactions with host cells. Each chapter focuses on a specific virus and provides an in-depth look at its behaviour within infected cells. The book covers a wide range of viruses, including human papillomavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, African swine fever virus, coronavirus, influenza A virus and human endogenous retroviruses. Each chapter examines unique aspects of virus-host interactions, such as viral assembly, impact on the cytoskeleton, critical host-virus interactions mediated by viral RNA, mechanisms of cell entry, and the involvement of cholesterol in virus budding and scission. This volume in the Subcellular Biochemistry series is a valuable resource for researchers, virologists and students interested in understanding the complex dynamics between viruses and the cells they infect. With its detailed exploration of general and specific aspects of virus-host interactions, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in viral infections.
Virus Infection and Tumorigenesis: Hints from Marine Hosts’ Stress Responses
by Xiaobo ZhangThis book reviews the latest research on the molecules and mechanisms of marine host stress responses to viral infections and tumorigenesis. It offers an overview of the state of the art in the field as well as future directions. Metabolism disorder is a characteristic of tumorigenesis. Since viruses complete their life cycle in host cells, such infections cause metabolic disorders in the host. As such, the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis and tumor progression are similar or even identical. In essence, the role of antiviral molecules is to maintain the metabolic homeostasis of infected host cells, and the antiviral molecules induced by virus infection may play an important role in antitumor pathways, resulting in cancer cell death or restoring the disordered metabolism of cancer cells. The molecules generated during host stress responses to viruses can also contribute to the antitumor mechanisms in humans. However, the relationship between host stress responses to virus infection and tumorigenesis has not been extensively explored. In recent years, studies have shown that marine host stress responses to viral invasion can be good models for exploring human antitumor mechanisms. Stimulating further research in the field, this book offers graduate students and researchers with comprehensive insights into host stress responses to viral invasion and tumor progression. It is also a valuable resource for those working in the pharmaceutical industry interested in drug discovery based on molecules derived from host stress responses to viral infection.
Virus Life in Diagrams
by Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann Laurent Berthiaume Michel TremblayThis atlas presents 233 virus diagrams selected for their scientific content, clarity, originality, and historic, didactic, and aesthetic value. Virus Life in Diagrams assembles the many diagrams of viral life cycles, particle assembly, and strategies of nucleic acid replication that are scattered throughout the literature. The diagrams cover vertebrate, invertebrate, plant, bacterial, fungal, and protozoal viruses, viroids, and prions. They offer a dynamic illustration of the time course of viral life cycles not available in photographs. They also offer speculative elements that project the possible results of future research, as well as historical documentation that shows the development of virology. This valuable reference book for virologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, geneticists, and students in these areas is the first atlas to compile illustrations of viral morphogenesis in one complete source.
Virus-Like Particles: A Comprehensive Guide
by Paul Pumpens Peter PushkoThis book represents the first complete and systematic guide to the virus-like particles (VLPs) and their applications as vaccines, therapeutic tools, nanomaterials, and nanodevices. The grouping of the VLPs follows the most recent virus taxonomy and the traditional Baltimore classification of viruses, which are based on the genome structure and mechanism of mRNA synthesis. Within each of the seven Baltimore classes, the order taxon serves as a framework of the chapter’s arrangement. The term "VLP" is used as a universal designation for the virus-, core-, or capsid-like structures, which became an important part of the modern molecular virology. The 3D structures, expression systems, and nanotechnological applications are described for VLPs in the context of the original viruses and uncover their evolving potential as novel vaccines and medical interventions. Key Features Presents the first full guide to the VLP nanotechnology, classified by current viral taxonomy Outlines specific structural properties and interconnection of the virions and VLPs Explains generation and characteristics of VLPs produced by various expression systems Offers up-to-date summary of VLPs designed as vaccines and delivery tools Unveils interconnection of VLPs with novel organic and inorganic nanomaterials
Virus of Invertebrates
by Edouard KurstakThe 300 known viruses that affect invertebrates, mostly insects, are important for research and for pest control. Twelve studies review the advances in the knowledge and use of these viruses made possible by biotechnological processes. Special attention is given to the baculoviridae family, but othe
Virus Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes (Subcellular Biochemistry #88)
by David Bhella J. Robin HarrisThe Subcellular Biochemistry series has recently embarked upon an almost encyclopaedic coverage of topics relating to the structure and function of macromolecular complexes (Volumes 82, 83 and 87). The present multi-author text covers numerous aspects of current research into molecular virology, with emphasis upon viral protein and nucleoprotein structure and function. Structural data from cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography is displayed throughout the book. The 17 chapters in the book cover diverse interesting topics, all currently under investigation, contributed by authors who are active actively involved in present-day research. Whilst structural aspects predominate, there is much consideration of the structure-function relationship. In addition, the book correlates with and extends from Volume 68 of the series “Structure and Physics of Viruses: An Integrated Textbook”. This book is directed primarily at professionals that work in the broad field of Structural Biology and will be of particular interest to Structural Virologists. The editors, David Bhella and Robin Harris, have much experience in virology and protein structure, respectively. Dr Bhella is Director of the Scottish Macromolecular Imaging Centre. Professor Robin Harris is the long-standing Series Editor of the Subcellular Biochemistry series. He has edited and contributed to several books in the series.
Viruses: Agents of Evolutionary Invention
by Michael G. CordingleyWhile viruses—the world’s most abundant biological entities—are not technically alive, they invade, replicate, and evolve within living cells. Michael Cordingley goes beyond our familiarity with infections to show how viruses spur evolutionary change in their hosts and shape global ecosystems, from ocean photosynthesis to drug-resistant bacteria.
Viruses: Biology, Applications, and Control
by David HarperViruses: Biology, Application, and Control is a concise advanced undergraduate and graduate textbook covering the essential aspects of virology included in biomedical science courses. It is an updated and expanded version of David Harper‘s Molecular Virology 2e from the Medical Perspectives series. Selected Contents: 1. Virus Structure and Infection 2. Virus classification and evolution 3. Virus Replication 4. Viral Interaction with the Immune System 5. Vaccines and vaccination 6. Antiviral Drugs 7. Beneficial Use of Viruses 8. Emergence, transmission, and extinction 9. Viruses, vectors, and genomics 10. Virus Culture, Detection and Diagnosis Viral Replication Strategies Appe
Viruses: Essential Agents of Life
by Günther WitzanyA renaissance of virus research is taking centre stage in biology. Empirical data from the last decade indicate the important roles of viruses, both in the evolution of all life and as symbionts of host organisms. There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a non-lytic but persistent lifestyle. Viruses and viral parts form the most numerous genetic matter on this planet.
Viruses and Atherosclerosis
by Anton Kutikhin Elena Brusina Arseniy E. YuzhalinWill address an important, yet underrepresented, topic. The correlation between viruses and atherosclerosis has been a focal point of the authors' work, for a number of years. This volume will explore the relationship between different viral strains and atherosclerosis. It will begin by describing the hypothesis and denoting the mechanisms of virus-driven atherosclerosis, then expanding on the subject by focusing on different virus strains--from Herpes, to Epstein-Barr, to the triad of Hepatitis viruses, et al--on a chapter-by-chapter basis. While there are books, albeit few, that cover particular viral strains and their relationship to cardiovascular diseases, this work will be unique in its scope by considering multiple strains of viruses, making it a repository of information on the topic; a truly comprehensive volume.
Viruses and Human Cancer: From Basic Science to Clinical Prevention
by Mei Hwei Chang Kuan-Teh JeangResearch on oncogenic viruses and related human cancers has advanced rapidly in the past decade. Most articles, however, focus on a specific oncogenic virus and cancer. There is consequently a need for a comprehensive, up-to-date monograph that offers broad and integrated knowledge. Viruses and Human Cancer - From Basic Science to Clinical Prevention is designed to meet this need by providing an advanced overview on the basic and clinical aspects of oncogenic viruses and the human cancers that they cause. Virology, virus-induced inflammation and tissue injuries, oncogenic mechanisms, epidemiology, and current and emerging preventive and therapeutic strategies are all discussed in detail. In addition, the book covers the individual aspects of seven oncogenic viruses, i.e., hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus, and the related human cancers.
Viruses and Human Cancer
by S. David HudnallViruses and Human Cancer provides a comprehensive review of the seven currently known human tumor viruses and their associated cancers with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinicopathologic features, and pathogenesis. Chapters are written by internationally recognized experts and all are generously illustrated with tables, diagrams and photographic images. Viruses and Human Cancer is designed to serve as a concise review of the field of human tumor virology for pathologists, oncologists and infectious disease specialists. It will also be of great value to practicing physicians, residents and clinical fellows in these specialties.
Viruses and Human Cancer: From Basic Science to Clinical Prevention (Recent Results in Cancer Research #217)
by T. C. Wu Mei-Hwei Chang Kuan-Teh JeangThis book, in a new, extensively updated edition, covers viral infection, virus-induced inflammation and tissue injuries, viral epidemiology, oncogenic mechanisms, and current and emerging preventive and therapeutic strategies in detail. Readers will also find information on the individual aspects of a number of oncogenic viruses, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes, and Merkel cell polyomavirus, as well as associated human cancers. The book will benefit all those who are seeking a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the basic and clinical aspects of oncogenic viruses and associated human cancers. Following its original publication in 2014, the first edition of this book quickly became an influential text in the field. This second edition duly reflects the significant advances in knowledge and research that have been achieved in the years since.