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Transport Transitions: Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024, Dublin, Ireland - Volume 4: Clean Energy Transition (Lecture Notes in Mobility)
by Bidisha Ghosh Marina Efthymiou Ciaran McNally Páraic Carroll Beatriz Martinez-Pastor Nikolaos Valantasis-KanellosThis is an open access book. It gathers the proceedings of the 10th edition of Transport Research Arena (TRA 2024), held on 15-18 April, 2024, in Dublin, Ireland. Contributions cover a wide range of research findings, methodological aspects, technologies and policy issues that are currently reshaping the transport and mobility system in different parts of Europe. Bridging between academic research, industrial developments, and regulations, this book offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the art in transportation, with a special emphasis on topics concerning digital transition in transport, and inclusive and sustainable mobility alike. This is the fourth volume of a 6-volume set.
Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment
by John S. GulliverWhat happens when a chemical is released into the environment? It diffuses, disperses, adsorbs, reacts, and/or changes state. To predict and analyze this process, the mathematics of diffusion is applied to lakes, rivers, groundwater, the atmosphere, the oceans, and transport between these media. A sustainable world requires a deep understanding of the transport of chemicals through the environment and how to address and harness this process. This volume presents a succinct and in-depth introduction to this critical topic. Featuring authoritative, peer-reviewed articles from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment represents an essential one-stop reference for an audience of researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, and industry professionals.
Transport and Mobility Futures in Urban Africa (The Urban Book Series)
by Karen Lucas Ransford A. Acheampong Michael Poku-Boansi Chinebuli UzonduThis book provides a collection of insightful conceptual and empirical works that situate transport and mobility challenges in the unique context of individual countries and cities while highlighting commonalities across the African continent. Written from an interdisciplinary perspective, the book covers important themes in transport and mobility including the links between urbanization, urban structure, and accessibility; transport equity and poverty, non-motorized transport, public transport, and the challenges and opportunities of new and emerging transport technologies, and ICT-mediated mobility solutions. Each chapter engages with the normative imperatives that are critical to improving the transport and mobility situations of African urban areas now and in the future.
Transport and Turbulence in Quasi-Uniform and Versatile Bose-Einstein Condensates (Springer Theses)
by Gauthier GuillaumeAdvancing the experimental study of superfluids relies on increasingly sophisticated techniques. We develop and demonstrate the loading of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) into nearly arbitrary trapping potentials, with a resolution improved by a factor of seven when compared to reported systems. These advanced control techniques have since been adopted by several cold atoms labs around the world.How this BEC system was used to study 2D superfluid dynamics is described. In particular, negative temperature vortex states in a two-dimensional quantum fluid were observed. These states were first predicted by Lars Onsager 70 years ago and have significance to 2D turbulence in quantum and classical fluids, long-range interacting systems, and defect dynamics in high-energy physics. These experiments have established dilute-gas BECs as the prototypical system for the experimental study of point vortices and their nonequilibrium dynamics. We also developed a new approach to superfluid circuitry based on classical acoustic circuits, demonstrating its conceptual and quantitative superiority over previous lumped-element models. This has established foundational principles of superfluid circuitry that will impact the design of future transport experiments and new generation quantum devices, such as atomtronics circuits and superfluid sensors.
Transport by Pipelines and Its Optimization: A Sustainable Approach to the Design (Petroleum Engineering)
by Pablo Druetta Remo Frabotta Gustavo Luis CavalloThis textbook introduces pipeline design, one of the most efficient techniques for mass and energy transport available today. The global economy heavily relies on pipelines. However, designing a pipeline is more complex than it might seem; it involves many technical and economic factors that must work together to create an optimized system. The book begins with basic concepts of pipelines, including a description of the materials used, heat transfer between the system and medium, and the main components of pumping and compression stations, which are vital for the subsequent chapters. It then presents a simple yet detailed overview of these factors and introduces a mathematical methodology that combines them to deliver an optimized pipe design, minimizing costs and reducing energy consumption. The book also covers the transient verification of this design using well-known balance equations and material property relationships for both incompressible and compressible fluids, to validate the initial design. Finally, the book explores the analysis of multiphase pipelines, where the goal is to transport a particular material (e.g., solid) using a different medium (e.g., air or water).
Transport gefährlicher Güter: Bereitstellung reaktiver Stoffe für Prozesse
by Bernd Schulz-Forberg Mario EibenDer Inhalt dieses Buches fasst zunächst die Vorlesungen zum Transport gefährlicher Güter an den folgenden Hochschulen zusammen: Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht (HWR) Berlin im Studiengang BWL/Spedition und Logistik (Bachelor), Hochschule Furtwangen (HFU) im Studiengang Safety & Security (Master) und Berliner Hochschule für Technik (BHT) im Studiengang Verpackungstechnik (Bachelor). Die etwa 30 Stunden umfassende Vorlesung war von den Industrie- und Handelskammern in Reutlingen und Berlin (nur HWR) als Schulungsveranstaltung für Gefahrgutbeauftragte nach der Gefahrgutbeauftragtenverordnung (GbV) für die Studierenden für den Bereich Straße anerkannt worden. Studierende konnten sich nach der Vorlesung zur Prüfung bei der IHK anmelden und die Prüfung ablegen. Ferner erlaubt der Inhalt des Buches einen orientierenden Einblick in die Gestaltung der Regeln des Gefahrguttransportes, also der Rechtsvorschriften und der begleitenden Normung. Am Ende finden sich Überlegungen für die weitere Vorgehensweise für die Regelungen in der Zukunft.
Transport in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures
by Hamid BentarziThis book focuses on the importance of mobile ions presented in oxide structures, what significantly affects the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) properties. The reading starts with the definition of the MOS structure, its various aspects and different types of charges presented in their structure. A review on ionic transport mechanisms and techniques for measuring the mobile ions concentration in the oxides is given, special attention being attempted to the Charge Pumping (CP) technique associated with the Bias Thermal Stress (BTS) method. Theoretical approaches to determine the density of mobile ions as well as their distribution along the oxide thickness are also discussed. The content varies from general to very specific examples, helping the reader to learn more about transport in MOS structures.
Transport in Nanostructures
by David K. Ferry Stephen M. Goodnick Jonathan BirdProviding a much-needed update on the latest experimental research, this new edition has been thoroughly revised and develops a detailed theoretical framework for understanding the behavior of mesoscopic devices.
Transport of Dangerous Goods
by Dalanda Lachtar Mohamed Tkiouat Natalia Yankevich Emmanuel GarbolinoThis book addresses the various risks associated with the transport of dangerous goods within a territory. The emphasis of the contributions is on methods and tools to reduce the vulnerability of both the environment and human society to accidents or malicious acts involving such transport. With topics ranging from game theory to governance principles, the authors together cover technical, legal, financial, and logistic aspects of this problem. The intended audience includes responsible persons in territorial organizations, managers of transport infrastructures, as well as students, teachers and researchers wishing to deepen their knowledge in this area.
Transport of Energetic Electrons in Solids
by Maurizio DaporThis book presents the potential of the Monte Carlo (MC) technique to solve mathematical and physical problems of great complexity. This book focusses on the study of the electron-solid interaction (transport MC) and presents some physical problems related to the transport of hot electrons in solid targets using transport MC. The numerical and theoretical results are validated through a comparison with experimental results. The author also addresses methodological aspects. In particular, systematic comparisons among different calculation schemes are presented. Different expressions for the calculation of cross sections and/or stopping power and different simulation methods are described and discussed.
Transport of Energetic Electrons in Solids
by Maurizio DaporThis new edition describes all the mechanisms of elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons with the atoms of the target as simple as possible. The use of techniques of quantum mechanics is described in detail for the investigation of interaction processes of electrons with matter. It presents the strategies of the Monte Carlo method, as well as numerous comparisons among the results of the simulations and the experimental data available in the literature. New in this edition is the description of the Mermin theory, a comparison between Mermin theory and Drude theory, a discussion about the dispersion laws, and details about the calculation of the phase shifts that are used in the relativistic partial wave expansion method. The role of secondary electrons in proton cancer therapy is discussed in the chapter devoted to applications. In this context, Monte Carlo results about the radial distribution of the energy deposited in PMMA by secondary electrons generated by energetic proton beams are presented.
Transport of Energetic Electrons in Solids: Computer Simulation with Applications to Materials Analysis and Characterization (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #271)
by Maurizio DaporThis book describes, as simply as possible, the mechanisms of scattering (both elastic and inelastic) of electrons with solid targets (electron–atom, electron–plasmon, and electron–phonon interactions). It also presents the main strategies of the Monte Carlo method, as well as numerous comparisons between simulation results and the experimental data available in the literature. Furthermore it provides readers with all the information they need in order to write their own Monte Carlo code and to compare the obtained results with the many numerical and experimental examples presented throughout the book. An extended and updated third edition of a work published in 2014 (first edition) and in 2017 (second edition) on the application of the Monte Carlo method to the transport of fast electrons in solids, this book includes, as novel topics, the theory of polarized electron beams (i.e. density matrix and spin polarization), the study of elastic scattering by molecules, a classical treatment of the Bethe-Bloch stopping power, a simple derivation of the f- and ps-sum rules, the Vicanek and Urbassek formula for the calculation of the backscattering coefficient, the Wolff theory describing the secondary electron spectra, and fundamental aspects of the interactions between electrons beams and solid targets. Further, it describes a completely analytical approach (the so-called multiple reflection method) for calculating the absorbed, backscattered, and transmitted fractions of electrons from unsupported and supported thin films. It also discusses recent applications of the Monte Carlo method.
Transport of Energetic Electrons in Solids: Computer Simulation with Applications to Materials Analysis and Characterization (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #290)
by Maurizio DaporThis book describes the computational methods most frequently used to deal with the interaction of charged particles, notably electrons, with condensed matter. Both elastic and inelastic scattering phenomena are discussed, and methods for calculating the relevant cross sections are explained in a rigorous but simple way. It provides readers with all the information they need in order to write their own Monte Carlo code and to simulate the transport of fast particles in condensed matter. Many numerical and experimental examples are presented throughout the book.The updated and extended fourth edition features ab initio methods for calculating dielectric function and energy loss function. Non-relativistic partial wave expansion method for calculating the differential elastic scattering cross section is also included in this new edition. It represents a very useful introduction to the relativistic partial wave expansion method, i.e., to the Mott theory, already discussed in the previous editions of this book. Further details about the effects of spin-polarization on the differential elastic scattering cross section are included in this new edition. The multiple reflection method is extended to the general case of a system composed of a set of layers of different materials and thicknesses. Analytical expressions are provided for calculating the backscattering coefficient of multilayers. New results are presented, notably about Monte Carlo simulations of reflection electron energy loss spectra and of the radial dose deposited along the track of ions impinging on materials.
Transport of Suspended Solids in Open Channels: Proceedings of Euromech 192, Munich/Neubiberg, 11-15 June 1985
by W. BechtelerConference Proceedings of Euromech 192: Transport of suspended solids in open channels, Munich, Neubiberg, 11-15 June 1985. Rapid growth in water requirements makes it necessary to increase the amount of water drawn from rivers. The dams necessary for capturing river water have to be built to resist damage when large floods occur, and an idea of the possible destructive power of floods is given by the front cover photograph.
Transportable Environments
by Robert KronenburgTransportable Environments explores aspects of the historical and theoretical basis for portable architecture and provides an insight into the wide range of functions that it is used for today, the varied forms that it takes and the concerns and ideas for its future development. Written by a team of international commentators, this volume provides a state-of-the-art survey of this specialist area and will be of interest to a wide range of professionals across the construction and design industries.
Transportation Air Pollutants: Black Carbon and Other Emissions (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Thomas BrewerThis book begins by discussing the problems caused by transportation emissions, the various types of emissions, and the impacts they have on public health, agricultural production, and climate change. The next several chapters then present technologies and policies from around the world, which can be used to solve some of these problems. Finally, the book discusses implications for the future, from both an industrial and governmental point of view.
Transportation Breakdowns: Learning from Bad Ideas (Fantastic Fails)
by Amie Jane LeavittSee some of the world's fastest transportation breakdowns at lightning speed. Find out how each form of transportation failed, the basic engineering missed during construction, and what engineers learned from their mistakes.
Transportation Energy and Dynamics (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Vikram Kumar Hardikk Valera Ram Krishna Upadhyay Sunil Kumar SharmaThis book provides a macro-level understanding of transportation as an industry, through the lens of all the stakeholders that make up the ecosystem. It aids understanding about the transportation ecosystem, its components, challenges, contribution to economic growth, and the interplay between the stakeholders that govern the system. The contents also examine the background and history of transportation, emphasizing the fundamental role and importance the industry plays in companies, society, and the environment in which transportation service is provided. The book also provides an overview of carrier operations, management, technology, and the strategic principles for the successful management of different modes of transportation. This book is of interest to those working in academia, industry, and policy in the areas of transportation.
Transportation Infrastructure Engineering: A Multimodal Integration
by Nicholas J. Garber Lester A. Hoel Adel W. Sadekransportation Infrastructure Engineering: A Multimodal Integration, intended to serve as a resource for courses in transportation engineering, emphasizes transportation in an overall systems perspective. It can serve as a textbook for an introductory course or for upper-level undergraduate and first-year graduate courses. This book, unlike the widely used textbook, Traffic and Highway Engineering, serves a different purpose and is intended for a broader audience. Its objective is to provide an overview of transportation from a multi-modal viewpoint rather than emphasizing a particular mode in great detail. By placing emphasis on explaining the environment in which transportation operates, this book presents the ""big picture"" to assist students in understanding why transportation systems operate as they do and the role they play in a global society.
Transportation Research: Proceedings of CTRG 2017 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #45)
by Tom V. Mathew Gaurang J. Joshi Nagendra R. Velaga Shriniwas ArkatkarThis book presents selected papers from the 4th Conference of the Transportation Research Group of India. It provides a comprehensive analysis of themes spanning the field of transportation encompassing economics, financial management, social equity, green technologies, operations research, big data analysis, econometrics and structural mechanics. This volume will be of interest to researchers, educators, practitioners, managers, and policy-makers world-wide.
Transportation Research: Proceedings of TPMDC 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #434)
by Dharamveer Singh Avijit Maji Omkar Karmarkar Monik Gupta Nagendra Rao Velaga Solomon DebbarmaThis book is a collection of selected research papers from the 14th conference of the Transportation Planning and Implementation Methodologies for Developing Countries (TPMDC). It covers the broad area of transportation planning and policy, pavement design and engineering, emerging technologies in transportation, traffic management, operations, and safety, and sustainable mobility in transportation. The book aims to provide deeper understanding of the transportation issues, solutions, and learnings from the implemented solutions. This book will be of best interest for academicians, researchers, policy makers, and practitioners.
Transportation Systems Technology and Integrated Management (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Vikram Kumar Hardikk Valera Ram Krishna Upadhyay Sunil Kumar SharmaThe book highlights the transportation ecosystems and its management with underlying technologies for futuristic freight and passenger movement. The contents include contributions on climate change impact on transportation infrastructure, enhancing multimodal transportation, solar energy in railways, managing public transportation with technology, among others. It also includes chapters of newly developed technologies for the intelligent transport system. This book is a useful guide to those working in academia and industry in transportation technology.
Transportation Technologies for Sustainability
by Fei-Yue Wang Gary L. Brosch Mehrdad EhsaniInnovative transportation technologies will be a vital component of any future sustainable society. Gathering over 50 authoritative, peer-reviewed entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Transportation Technologies for Sustainability covers a broad range of transportation-related sustainability research, from vehicle design and technology to mass transit systems. State-of-the-art chapters describe key developments in intelligent vehicle technology, including vision sensors, driver status monitoring, and vehicle motion control, while international experts present the latest research in electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. Leaders in the mass transit field assess a broad spectrum of alternatives in both small and large urban areas. This valuable collection is an essential reference for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, policymakers, and industry experts.
Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics: Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2021 Volume 4 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #298)
by M. Muthukumar Kasinathan Muthukkumaran Deendayal Rathod Evangelin Ramani SujathaThis book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. This book covers topics related application of natural and artificial geosynthetics in shallow foundation bearing capacity enhancement, highway & railway pavements, high speed rail and geo-environmental applications. Topics also covered related to simulation of geosynthetic encased stone column, application of geosynthetic for ground improvement, pore size distribution of compacted expansive soils, MICP, landfills, among others. This book is of interest to those in academia and industry.
Transportation and Power Grid in Smart Cities: Communication Networks and Services
by Mubashir Husain Rehmani Hussein T. Mouftah Melike Erol-KantarciWith the increasing worldwide trend in population migration into urban centers, we are beginning to see the emergence of the kinds of mega-cities which were once the stuff of science fiction. It is clear to most urban planners and developers that accommodating the needs of the tens of millions of inhabitants of those megalopolises in an orderly and uninterrupted manner will require the seamless integration of and real-time monitoring and response services for public utilities and transportation systems. Part speculative look into the future of the world’s urban centers, part technical blueprint, this visionary book helps lay the groundwork for the communication networks and services on which tomorrow’s “smart cities” will run. Written by a uniquely well-qualified author team, this book provides detailed insights into the technical requirements for the wireless sensor and actuator networks required to make smart cities a reality.