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Urea Transporters
by Baoxue Yang Jeff M. SandsThe mechanisms and physiological functions of urea transporters across biological membranes are subjects of long-standing interests. Although urea represents roughly 40% of all urinary solutes in normal human urine, the handling of urea in the tissues has been largely neglected in the past and few clinical or experimental studies now report data on urea. Most recent physiological text books include chapters on water and electrolyte physiology but no chapter on urea. Our aim in writing this book is to stimulate further research in new directions by providing novel and provocative insights into the further mechanisms and physiological significance of urea metabolism and transport in mammals. This book offers a state-of-the-art report on recent discoveries concerning urea transport and where the field is going. It mainly focuses on advances made over the past 20 years on the biophysics, genetics, protein structure, molecular biology, physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of urea transport in mammalian cell membranes. It will help graduate students and researchers to get an overall picture of mammalian urea transporters and may also yield benefits for pharmaceutical companies with regard to drug discovery based on the urea transporter. Baoxue Yang is a professor and vice chairman of the Department of Pharmacology, Peking University. He is also an adjunct professor of Jilin University and a visiting professor of Northeast Normal University. Prof. Yang has been researching urea transporters for nearly 20 years and has published more than 70 original research articles in this field.
Urea Transporters: Principle and Function of Urea Transport (Subcellular Biochemistry #118)
by Baoxue Yang Jeff M. SandsThis book intends to report the new progress of studies on urea transporters. The mechanisms and physiological functions of urea transporters across biological membranes are subjects of long-standing interests. Although urea represents roughly 40% of all urinary solutes in normal human urine, the handling of urea in the tissues has been largely neglected in the past and few clinical or experimental studies report data on urea. Unlike recent physiological books that mostly focus on water and electrolyte physiology，the aim of this book is to stimulate further research in new directions by providing novel and provocative insights into the further mechanisms and physiological significance of urea transport in mammals. This book offers a state-of-the-art report on recent discoveries concerning urea transport and where the field is going. It mainly focuses on advances made over the past 30 years on the genetics, protein structure, molecular biology, physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of urea transport in mammalian cell membranes. It will help graduate students and researchers to get an overall picture of mammalian urea transporters and may also yield benefits for pharmaceutical companies with regard to drug discovery based on the urea transporter. This is the 2nd edition of the book. It builds upon the foundational insights of the previous edition, featuring expands content with new chapters and updated chapters to deepen understanding of urea transporters' mechanisms, functions, and significance, reflecting the latest advancements in this research area.
Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts
by Isabella Nova Enrico TronconiUrea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Ureteral Complications of Gynecological Surgery: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment
by Jean-Bernard Dubuisson Jean Dubuisson Martina Martins Favre Gregory J. WirthThis pictorial book focuses on ureter for gynaecologists. It is written by a multidisciplinary team of experts who share its experience on the study of the ureter in women, with specific attention to the injuries occurring during gynaecological surgery.Supported by a rich iconography, the authors evaluate the causes of injuries of the ureter, discuss their prevention, precise the diagnosis with the support of urological radiology. The urological management of the injury and its consequences are described in the last chapter, with many photos of laparoscopy included.This book is intended for gynaecologists, for all the surgeons specialized in the female pelvis, urologists, oncologists, general surgeons. It is also especially written for fellows, residents, and interns in University Hospitals with a limited experience of surgery of the pelvis.
Urinalysis and Body Fluids (Fifth Edition)
by Susan King Strasinger Marjorie Schaub Di LorenzoThis thoroughly updated 5th Edition provides you with concise and carefully structured full-color instruction in the handling and analysis of non-blood body fluids. You will learn how to handle and preserve the integrity of body fluid specimens and how to keep yourself and your laboratory safe from infectious agents! Practical, focused, and reader friendly, this popular text teaches the theoretical and practical knowledge every clinical laboratory scientist needs to handle and analyze non-blood body fluids, and to keep you and your laboratory safe from infectious agents. The 5th Edition has been completely updated to include all of the new information and new testing procedures that are important in this rapidly changing field. Case studies and clinical situations show how work in the classroom translates to work in the lab.
Urinalysis in Clinical Laboratory Practice
by Helen M FreeThis book discusses urinalysis in clinical laboratory practice, including a historical overview, methods, future endeavours.
Urinary Biomarkers: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2292)
by Valentina Casadio Samanta SalviThis volume describes important methods, protocols, and techniques used for studying urinary biomarkers. Chapters detail different alterations use to studied different types of cancers and physiological conditions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Urinary Biomarkers: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.
Urinary Tract
by Karl-Erik Andersson Martin C. MichelThe basic anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract, the validity of animal models and other methodological considerations as well as a range of potential therapeutic targets are comprehensively reviewed by leading international experts, making this a unique reference source for basic scientists and research-minded clinicians alike
Urine Proteomics in Kidney Disease Biomarker Discovery
by Youhe GaoThis book systematically summarizes the ideas and technologies used in urine proteome analysis. It argues that change is the core of biomarker definition since the body uses its homeostatic mechanisms to correct changes in the blood. This means that urine is probably a better source of biomarkers than blood. A roadmap to the urinary biomarker era is proposed, and researchers are reminded of the potential opportunities and risks in their study design. Kidney diseases are emphasized as they produce the most significant changes in urine. This book tries to show researchers and graduate students, who are in or entering the field, "all things considered" rather than "the current affair".
Urine: Promising Biomarker Source for Early Disease Detection (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #Vol. 845)
by Youhe GaoThis book demonstrates the potential of urine as a biomarker resource for early disease detection, covering the related theory, strategies, tools and findings. Biomarkers are measurable changes associated with diseases. Blood, as a critical part of its internal environment, is closely monitored and controlled by the body to maintain homeostasis, especially in the early stages of diseases. In contrast, urine, as a form of waste excreted by the body, collects a variety of substance changes. Accordingly, urine can offer an ideal resource for early biomarker discovery. In addition, urine is more stable than blood in vitro, and is easy to store and analyze. The book discusses exciting preliminary applications of urine biomarkers for diseases affecting major biological systems. Its main goal is to make scientists, clinicians and medical companies aware of this important, exciting, undeveloped, and profitable field.
Urknall im Labor
by Dieter B. HerrmannDie Frage nach der Herkunft, Entwicklung und Zukunft des Universums zählt zu den großen wissenschaftlichen Themen der Gegenwart. Kernphysiker und Astrophysiker gehen dieser Frage heute mithilfe moderner Teilchenbeschleuniger nach, die kosmische Extremzustände förmlich nachahmen können. Sie hoffen, dadurch dem Verständnis der Lebensgeschichte des Universums ein großes Stück näher zu kommen. Allgemein verständlich und unterhaltsam beschreibt der Autor dieses große Abenteuer der Forschung, das vor 400 Jahren mit den ersten Fernrohren Galileis begann.
Urknall, Sterne, Schwarze Löcher: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft des Universums
by Dominik ElsässerMit diesem Buch begeben Sie sich auf eine Reise vom Beginn des Universums in die ferne Zukunft: Was ist Zeit? Kann man den Urknall sehen? Wie funktioniert Inflation? Wie entstehen Sterne? Wie untersucht man Exoplaneten? Wie sieht die Zukunft des Universums aus? Kann die Zeit enden?Fünfzehn allgemeinverständliche Beiträge aus Spektrum der Wissenschaft und Sterne und Weltraum bieten dem Leser einen vielfältigen Blick auf unser Universum: der erste Teil der Beiträge beschäftigt sich mit dem frühen Universum, mit Zeit, Urknall, Inflation und Dunkler Materie. Der zweite Teil stellt die Gegenwart in den Vordergrund und beleuchtet unter anderem die ersten Sterne und ihre Entwicklung, Exoplaneten und supermassereiche Schwarze Löcher. Im abschließenden Teil widmen die Autoren sich den Fragen, welche Zukunft die Sterne im Universum haben und welche Rolle die Dunkle Energie für den Fortgang des Universums, in dem wir leben, spielt.
Urn Models and Their Applications in Finance
by Masato HisakadoThis fascinating book begins with fundamental definitions and notations of urn models before moving on to stochastic processes and applications of urn models in the field of finance. The Pólya urn model is simple but has rich content and diverse applications because it includes correlations. Applications of Pólya models such as phase transitions in nonlinear Pólya models are studied here, and the relation between temporal correlation and phase transition is also discussed. In a continuous limit, the self-exciting negative binomial distribution model and Hawkes model, which has Poisson noise, can be obtained. In these models, it is possible to observe phase transition as a branching process, which is one of the absorption phase transitions. If connected urns are considered, the process can be extended to represent correlations between several urns, corresponding to complex networks among the urns and leading to consideration of how the network affects the urn processes. In this book, the method is applied to default portfolios, including correlations. In finance, correlation is an important issue in the clustering of a default, and several topics involving applications of urn models to risk assessment for default portfolios in finance are explained. Especially in default portfolios, some sectors affect many other sectors while other sectors do not; thus the origin of default contagion, a phenomenon to which urn models with networks are applied here.
Urodynamics
by Giancarlo VignoliThis pocket guide is an easy-to-use, practically oriented resource that provides reliable information and advice on the technical aspects of urodynamic techniques, the interpretation of tracings, quality control, and the most common pitfalls. Individual sections focus on uroflowmetry, multichannel urodynamics, interpretation of pressure/flow tracings, urethral function studies, pelvic floor electromyography, videourodynamics, and urodynamics of the upper urinary tract. Despite recent criticisms, there is general agreement that urodynamic investigation represents a necessary step before any surgical approach to incontinence and obstruction. Nevertheless, recently published guidelines fail to provide specific directions on performance and interpretation of urodynamics, and knowledge of the basic rules and formal urodynamics training are too often lacking. Readers will find that this guide enables them to retrieve key information quickly and to feel more confident in their practice of urodynamics.
Urodynamics Illustrated
by Ranee Thakar Philip Toozs-Hobson Lucia DolanThis book provides a practical guide for anyone performing or training to perform urodynamic studies. Details on how to set up urodynamic equipment and perform individual urodynamic techniques are discussed, ranging from basic tests such as uroflowmetry and subtracted cystometry through to the more complex videocystometry, ambulatory monitoring and urethral function tests. Many of the chapters include case studies to place the investigations within the context of a symptom complex. This book has a place in every urodynamics laboratory as an easy reference guide and is an essential illustrative text for teaching the fundamentals of good urodynamic practice.
Urological Oncology
by Daniel A. NachtsheimThis book reviews the major urological tumors and supports the idea that early detection and surgical removal of the tumor results in long-term survival. It describes the treatment of prostatic cancer, and presents the three points of view for treatment of this complex issue.
Ursprung und Entwicklung des Lebens: Eine Einführung in die Paläobiologie
by Johannes SanderSie wollten schon immer einmal wissen, wie das Leben begann, sich entfaltete und schließlich zu seiner heutigen Form fand? Das vorliegende Buch bietet Ihnen einen kurzen, gleichzeitig aber auch umfassenden Einblick in diese spannende Entwicklung. Ausgehend von den kosmischen Prozessen, die die Voraussetzungen für die Entstehung von Leben auf der Erde schufen, über die Entstehung des Lebens selbst bis hin zu der weiteren Evolution des Lebens über die Jahrmillionen hinweg, erhalten Sie einen weitreichenden Einblick in diese Abläufe. Zudem erklärt dieses Buch die Hintergründe und Ursachen für die Entwicklung in bestimmte Richtungen. Berücksichtigt werden dabei neben den oft im Vordergrund stehenden Wirbeltieren auch Mikroorganismen, Pflanzen und Insekten. Zuletzt beschreibt das Buch anschaulich die Entwicklung des Menschen – jener Spezies, mit der uns alle eine besondere Beziehung verbindet!
Ursprünge aller Energiequellen: Alle nutzbare Energie kommt aus atomaren und kernphysikalischen Prozessen (essentials)
by Wolfgang OsterhageWolfgang Osterhage vollzieht die ,,Rückführung" der Energie auf die ursprünglichen Quellen, denn auch die heute als ,,alternativ" apostrophierten Energieformen haben ihre Ursprünge in kosmischen und mikrokosmischen Prozessen, die sich auf unterschiedliche Weise bei uns auf der Erde manifestieren. Zum Verständnis stellt der Autor dazu die Grundlagen der Atom- und Kernphysik in allgemein verständlicher Form vor.
Urtica: The genus Urtica (Medicinal And Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles Ser. #Vol. 37)
by Gulsel M. KavalaliPlants from the genera Urtica, often better known as the stinging nettle, can be distinguished by their stinging hairs, and in some species, their serrated leaf edges. Historical records of the various uses of Urtica date back to at least the Bronze Age (3000-2000 BC). Nettles have traditionally been used as a nutritious food source particularly in
Usability Testing of Medical Devices
by Michael E. Wiklund P.E. Jonathan Kendler Allison Y. StrochlicUsability Testing of Medical Devices covers the nitty-gritty of usability test planning, conducting, and results reporting. The book also discusses the government regulations and industry standards that motivate many medical device manufacturers to conduct usability tests.Since publication of the first edition, the FDA and other regulatory groups h
Use Of Dietary Supplements By Military Personnel
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesDietary supplements are widely available through a rapidly expanding market of products commonly advertised as beneficial for health, performance enhancement, and disease prevention. Given the importance and frequent evaluation of physical performance and health as a criteria to join and remain in the military, the use of these products by military personnel has raised concern regarding over-all and long-term efficacy and safety. This evaluation is especially difficult, as many of these supplements contain multiple ingredients, have a changing composition over time, or are used intermittently at doses difficult to measure. This book analyzes the patterns of dietary supplement use among military personnel, examines published reviews of the scientific evidence, and identifies those dietary supplements that are beneficial and/or warrant concern due to risks to health or performance. The book also recommends a system to monitor adverse health effects and a framework to identify the need for active management of dietary supplements by military personnel. Military policy makers, personnel, and recruits will find this book useful, as will nutritionists, athletes, and others working in strenuous environments.
Use Of Fungi As Food: Volume 1 (Crc Monoscience Ser.)
by William D GrayThe present work is an attempt to bring together in some sort of organized form all such information that would link mycology (other than the involvement of fungi in food spoilage) to the food industry. It may be justly criticized for its brevity and, in some instances, will probably be criticized the philosophy expressed. For this the writer makes no apologies. In the first instance, the present discussion is by no means intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the subject. On the contrary, if it serves in some small measure to alert the student to the vast potential resident in fungi, its purpose will have been served.
Use Of Fungi As Food: Volume 2
by Dave GrayFew laymen are aware that cookbooks devoted solely to the preparation of mushrooms exist. This fact is brought to their attention and a few recipes are presented in detail. No attempt is made to exhaust the subject but as in the remainder of the book, enough is presented to give a view of the potential and the reader is directed to the relevant literature so that he can pursue the subject in greater depth if he chooses.
Use Your Brain to Change Your Age
by Daniel G. AmenTHE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH IS BETWEEN YOUR EARS.A healthy brain is the key to staying vibrant and alive for a long time, and in Use Your Brain to Change Your Age, bestselling author and brain expert Dr. Daniel G. Amen shares ten simple steps to boost your brain to help youlive longer, look younger, and dramatically decrease your risk for Alzheimer's disease.Over the last twenty years at Amen Clinics, Dr. Amen has performed more than 70,000 brain scans on patients from ninety different countries. His brain imaging work has taughthim that our brains typically become less active with age and we become more vulnerable tomemory problems and depression. Yet, one of the most exciting lessons he has learned is thatwith a little forethought and a brain-smart plan, you can slow, or even reverse, the aging process in the brain.Based on the approach that has helped thousands of people at Amen Clinics along with the most cutting-edge research, Dr. Amen's breakthrough, easy-to-follow antiaging program shows you how to:* Boost your memory, mood, attention,and energy* Decrease your risk for Alzheimer's andother forms of dementia* Eat to live longer* Reduce the outward signs of aging andmake your skin more beautiful* Promote the healing of brain damage dueto injury, strokes, substance abuse, andtoxic exposure* Dramatically increase your chances ofliving longer and looking younger**And much more.By adopting the brain healthy strategies detailed in Use Your Brain to Change Your Age, you can outsmart your genes, put the brakes on aging, and even reverse the aging process. If you change your brain, you can change your life--and your age.
Use Your Brain to Change Your Age: Secrets to Look, Feel, and Think Younger Every Day
by Daniel G. AmenTHE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH IS BETWEEN YOUR EARS.A healthy brain is the key to staying vibrant and alive for a long time, and in Use Your Brain to Change Your Age, bestselling author and brain expert Dr. Daniel G. Amen shares ten simple steps to boost your brain to help youlive longer, look younger, and dramatically decrease your risk for Alzheimer's disease.Over the last twenty years at Amen Clinics, Dr. Amen has performed more than 70,000 brain scans on patients from ninety different countries. His brain imaging work has taughthim that our brains typically become less active with age and we become more vulnerable tomemory problems and depression. Yet, one of the most exciting lessons he has learned is thatwith a little forethought and a brain-smart plan, you can slow, or even reverse, the aging process in the brain.Based on the approach that has helped thousands of people at Amen Clinics along with the most cutting-edge research, Dr. Amen's breakthrough, easy-to-follow antiaging program shows you how to:* Boost your memory, mood, attention,and energy* Decrease your risk for Alzheimer's andother forms of dementia* Eat to live longer* Reduce the outward signs of aging andmake your skin more beautiful* Promote the healing of brain damage dueto injury, strokes, substance abuse, andtoxic exposure* Dramatically increase your chances ofliving longer and looking younger**And much more.By adopting the brain healthy strategies detailed in Use Your Brain to Change Your Age, you can outsmart your genes, put the brakes on aging, and even reverse the aging process. If you change your brain, you can change your life--and your age.