- Table View
- List View
Vitalism and Its Legacy in Twentieth Century Life Sciences and Philosophy (History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences #29)
by Charles T. Wolfe Christopher DonohueThis Open Access book combines philosophical and historical analysis of various forms of alternatives to mechanism and mechanistic explanation, focusing on the 19th century to the present. It addresses vitalism, organicism and responses to materialism and its relevance to current biological science. In doing so, it promotes dialogue and discussion about the historical and philosophical importance of vitalism and other non-mechanistic conceptions of life. It points towards the integration of genomic science into the broader history of biology. It details a broad engagement with a variety of nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first century vitalisms and conceptions of life. In addition, it discusses important threads in the history of concepts in the United States and Europe, including charting new reception histories in eastern and south-eastern Europe. While vitalism, organicism and similar epistemologies are often the concern of specialists in the history and philosophy of biology and of historians of ideas, the range of the contributions as well as the geographical and temporal scope of the volume allows for it to appeal to the historian of science and the historian of biology generally.
Vitalism and the Scientific Image in Post-Enlightenment Life Science, 1800-2010
by Charles T. Wolfe Sebastian NormandinVitalism is understood as impacting the history of the life sciences, medicine and philosophy, representing an epistemological challenge to the dominance of mechanism over the last 200 years, and partly revived with organicism in early theoretical biology. The contributions in this volume portray the history of vitalism from the end of the Enlightenment to the modern day, suggesting some reassessment of what it means both historically and conceptually. As such it includes a wide range of material, employing both historical and philosophical methodologies, and it is divided fairly evenly between 19th and 20th century historical treatments and more contemporary analysis. This volume presents a significant contribution to the current literature in the history and philosophy of science and the history of medicine.
Vitalizing Nature in the Enlightenment
by Peter Hanns ReillThis study redraws the intellectual map of the Enlightenment and reassesses the legacy of that highly influential period for us today. Peter Hanns Reill argues that in the middle of the eighteenth century, a major shift occurred in the way Enlightenment thinkers conceived of nature that caused many of them to reject the prevailing doctrine of mechanism and turn to a vitalistic model to account for phenomena in natural history, the life sciences, and chemistry.
Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences
by Lin Ye Ronald R. Eitenmiller W. O. Landen Jr.Employing a uniform, easy-to-use format, Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences, Second Edition provides the most current information on the methods of vitamin analysis applicable to foods, supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Highlighting the rapid advancement of vitamin assay methodology, this edition emphasizes the use of improved
Vitamin B12: Advances and Insights
by Rima ObeidCobalamin (vitamin B12) was discovered in the first half of the 20th century. Vast amount of information on the role of the vitamins in human health and disease became available. Cobalamin science was, however, based on theoretical concepts that have been accepted without further proof of facts and hypotheses. Recently, the breath-taking pace of development in research technologies has changed our understanding for the role of nutrients and the complex interaction between diet, environment and diseases. Conditions like aging, diet and drugs increase the risk of developing cobalamin deficiency, probably because of diminished ability to liberate, absorb or distribute the food-derived vitamin. From a basic science point of view, understanding of the transport and function of the vitamin, may pave the road for using this system for drug delivery. This book represents up-to-date literature on the discoveries and developments in the field of cobalamin. It includes multifaceted aspects of the vitamin in health and disease conditions. The book has been written by leading scientists who have significant contributions in this field and represents therefore, a timely unique encyclopaedia on cobalamin.
Vitamin C in Human Health and Disease: Effects, Mechanisms of Action, and New Guidance on Intake
by Wang Jae LeeThis book presents the scientific evidence for the role of vitamin C in health and disease and offers new guidance on vitamin C intake in humans. The importance of vitamin C in preventing cancer and cardiovascular disease, its relevance to aging and stress, and its impacts on each of the human body systems are thoroughly assessed on the basis of the author’s extensive research and his deep understanding, as an anatomy professor, of the body as a whole. Findings published in the international scientific literature are fully taken into account, and due consideration is also given to empirical evidence, bearing in mind that mechanisms of action cannot always be precisely defined in the absence of human experiments. Beyond providing an up-to-date scientific perspective on the effects of vitamin C, the author hopes to promote human health worldwide by encouraging proper use of the vitamin. To this end, recommendations are made on the amount of vitamin C that should be taken daily and on the best way to take it. The book will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, and all others who wish to learn more about this vitamin and its significance.
Vitamin C: Its Functions and Biochemistry in Animals and Plants
by Han Asard, James M.May and Nicholas SmirnoffVitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a key vitamin to animals and plants. This book looks at all aspects of vitamin C; its chemical and biochemical properties, its role in various plants and animals and its effect on our health. Written by an international team of experts, together they represent much of the expertise on vitamin C throughout the world.
Vitamin C: New Biochemical and Functional Insights (Oxidative Stress and Disease #1)
by Qi Chen Margreet C.M. VissersVitamin C holds a unique place in scientific and cultural history. In this book, a group of leading scientific research explore the myriad ways Vitamin C is employed during normal physiological function. This book also provides updates on recent uses ofVitamin C in cancer treatment through high dose intravenous therapies, the ways Vitamin C reduces or prevents sepsis and in the treatment of infectious disease, and the ways Vitamin C improves succesful stem cell transplantation, as well as other health implications. Key selling features: Reviews the history and recent research on the benefits and uses of Vitamin C Focuses special attention on the ways Vitamin C can be used in the treatment of cancers Discusses how Vitamin C is employed against infectious disease Includes chapters from a team of leading international scholars
Vitamin C: Volume I
by Alan B. ClemetsonThe factors affecting blood vitamin C levels are described in detail in this series. Many factors such as aging, smoking, infection, trauma, surgery, hemolysis, hormone administration, heavy metals, pregnancy, alcohol, ionizing radiation and several medicines have been found to cause a disturbance of ascorbic acid metabolism and to reduce blood vitamin C levels. Indeed, abnormalities of ascorbic acid metabolism, due to factors such as smoking, occur much more frequently than does dietary vitamin C deficiency today.It is now known that low blood vitamin C levels are associated with histaminemia (high blood histamine levels), and also that ascorbate-responsive histaminemia is common in apparently healthy people. High blood histamine levels are believed to cause small hemorrhages within the inner walls of the blood vessels and these may lead to the deposition of cholesterol, as an aberrant form of wound healing. Ascorbic acid not only reduces blood histamine levels, but also aids the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver. The clinical pathological and chemical changes observed in ascorbic acid deficiency are discussed in detail. Several diseases and disorders associated with low blood vitamin C levels are also described. Possible toxic effects resulting from the oxidation of ascorbic acid are noted, and reasons for the use of D-catechin or other chelating fiber to prevent or minimize the release of ascorbate-free radical are detailed. An excellent reference for physicians, nutritionists and other scientists
Vitamin C: Volume II
by Alan B. ClemetsonThe factors affecting blood vitamin C levels are described in detail in this series. Many factors such as aging, smoking, infection, trauma, surgery, hemolysis, hormone administration, heavy metals, pregnancy, alcohol, ionizing radiation and several medicines have been found to cause a disturbance of ascorbic acid metabolism and to reduce blood vitamin C levels. Indeed, abnormalities of ascorbic acid metabolism, due to factors such as smoking, occur much more frequently than does dietary vitamin C deficiency today.It is now known that low blood vitamin C levels are associated with histaminemia (high blood histamine levels), and also that ascorbate-responsive histaminemia is common in apparently healthy people. High blood histamine levels are believed to cause small hemorrhages within the inner walls of the blood vessels and these may lead to the deposition of cholesterol, as an aberrant form of wound healing. Ascorbic acid not only reduces blood histamine levels, but also aids the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver. The clinical pathological and chemical changes observed in ascorbic acid deficiency are discussed in detail. Several diseases and disorders associated with low blood vitamin C levels are also described. Possible toxic effects resulting from the oxidation of ascorbic acid are noted, and reasons for the use of D-catechin or other chelating fiber to prevent or minimize the release of ascorbate-free radical are detailed. An excellent reference for physicians, nutritionists and other scientists
Vitamin C: Volume III
by Alan B. ClemetsonThe factors affecting blood vitamin C levels are described in detail in this series. Many factors such as aging, smoking, infection, trauma, surgery, hemolysis, hormone administration, heavy metals, pregnancy, alcohol, ionizing radiation and several medicines have been found to cause a disturbance of ascorbic acid metabolism and to reduce blood vitamin C levels. Indeed, abnormalities of ascorbic acid metabolism, due to factors such as smoking, occur much more frequently than does dietary vitamin C deficiency today.It is now known that low blood vitamin C levels are associated with histaminemia (high blood histamine levels), and also that ascorbate-responsive histaminemia is common in apparently healthy people. High blood histamine levels are believed to cause small hemorrhages within the inner walls of the blood vessels and these may lead to the deposition of cholesterol, as an aberrant form of wound healing. Ascorbic acid not only reduces blood histamine levels, but also aids the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver. The clinical pathological and chemical changes observed in ascorbic acid deficiency are discussed in detail. Several diseases and disorders associated with low blood vitamin C levels are also described. Possible toxic effects resulting from the oxidation of ascorbic acid are noted, and reasons for the use of D-catechin or other chelating fiber to prevent or minimize the release of ascorbate-free radical are detailed. An excellent reference for physicians, nutritionists and other scientists
Vitamin D
by Michael F. HolickIn Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications, Second Edition, leading researchers provide a comprehensive, highly readable overview of the biological functions and clinical applications of vitamin D and its metabolites. Topics range from the most recent recommendations for vitamin D intake to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency and the development of active vitamin D drugs to treat psoriasis and cancer. The book demonstrates the significant role that vitamin D has in maintaining good bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis, an important health problem for adults over the age of fifty. In addition, it authoritatively reviews the relationship between sunlight exposure, vitamin D, and increased risk of colon and breast cancer; how vitamin D is made in the skin; and the sequence of events that leads to its activation by the kidney. Also examined are the biological functions of 1,25-dihydrovitamin D3 on the intestine and bone, as well as other tissues, such as skin, the immune system, prostate, and breast, and vitamin D's molecular mechanism of action on the cell membrane and nucleus. The first edition of Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology and Clinical Applications was the benchmark in the field when published in 1999. This new and expanded volume continues to include extensive, in-depth chapters covering the most important aspects of the complex interactions between vitamin D and other dietary components, the ongoing debate concerning the best indicator of optimal vitamin D status and its nutrient requirements, and the impact of less than optimal status on disease risk. Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications, Second Edition is designed and organized not only to be an up-to-date review on the subject, but also to provide medical students, graduate students, health care professionals and even the lay public with a reference source for the most up-to-date information about the vitamin D deficiency pandemic and its clinical implications for health and disease.
Vitamin D and Cancer
by Donald L. Trump Candace S. JohnsonSubstantial data indicate the broad importance of vitamin D-based signaling in normal human physiology and the broad effects of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D may play a role not only in the control of bone and mineral metabolism, but also appears to be involved in immune function, cardiovascular health, thrombosis and vasculogenesis and neuromuscular function. Considerable epidemiologic data demonstrate that low vitamin D serum levels occur very commonly in normal adult populations and that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an enhanced risk of cancer death from lung, prostate, head & neck, colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, preclinical data provide evidence that calcitriol and other active analogues of calcitriol have anti-proliferative, pro-differentiative, pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activity in numerous in-vitro and in-vivo models. It is quite clear that, while it requires high exposure to calcitriol to induce these effects, such exposure can be readily achieved when high dose intermittent therapy is given.
Vitamin D im Fokus: Irrtümer richtig gestellt
by Jörg ReichrathWelchen Einfluss hat Vitamin D auf die Entstehung von Krebserkrankungen, Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen, Stoffwechsel- und Autoimmunerkrankungen? Wie gelingt die Balance zwischen notwendiger Sonneneinstrahlung und Vermeidung des Hautkrebsrisikos? Antworten auf diese und viele weitere Fragen zu diesem wichtigen Vitamin sowie der Vitamin D Mangelerkrankung Rachitis liefert das vorliegende Werk. Es räumt dabei mit häufigen Irrtümern über Aufbau, Funktion und Wirkung von Vitamin D auf und liefert darüber hinaus zahlreiche, praxisrelevante Fakten für eine optimale Versorgung. Der Autor ist ausgewiesener Experte auf dem Gebiet und seit über drei Jahrzehnten in der Forschung zu Vitamin D tätig. Das Buch wendet sich an Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die ihre Patientinnen und Patienten auf Basis neuester wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse rund um das Thema Vitamin D bestmöglich versorgen und informieren möchten.
Vitamin D im Überblick: Wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlagen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse (essentials)
by Armin ZittermannVitamin D kann in der Haut durch die UV-B-Strahlung der Sonne gebildet sowie über bestimmte Lebensmittel und Supplemente zugeführt werden. Die aktive Vitamin-D-Form ist ein Steroidhormon mit Wirkungen in einer Vielzahl von Geweben. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel ist in Deutschland weit verbreitet. Es gibt eine Reihe von Risikogruppen, vor allem aufgrund unzureichender kutaner Synthese. Neben den klassischen Vitamin-D-Mangelerkrankungen Rachitis und Osteomalazie ist ein Vitamin- D-Mangel vermutlich auch ein Risikofaktor für verschiedene weit verbreitete chronische Erkrankungen sowie für eine verkürzte Lebenserwartung. Zur Verbesserung der Vitamin-D-Versorgung der Bevölkerung sind umfangreichere Anreicherungsmaßnahmen von Lebensmitteln sowie eine stärkere Verwendung von Supplementen zu fordern.
Vitamin D in Focus: Misconceptions Corrected
by Jörg ReichrathWhat influence does vitamin D have on the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases? How can one achieve a balance between necessary sun exposure and the avoidance of skin cancer risk? This work provides answers to these and many other questions about this important vitamin, as well as the vitamin D deficiency disease rickets. It dispels common misconceptions about the structure, function, and effects of vitamin D and additionally provides numerous practical facts for optimal supplementation. The author is a recognized expert in the field and has been engaged in vitamin D research for over three decades. The book is aimed at physicians who wish to optimally care for and inform their patients based on the latest scientific findings regarding vitamin D.
Vitamin D: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Professionals
by Vishal Kumar Sandeep PatelThis book is a comprehensive, concise collection but a complete overview of a critical topic i.e. Vitamin D. There is no book available as yet exclusively on Vitamin D. For patients, the importance of Vitamin D holds across all age groups, both sexes, and for medical professionals, across all medical specialties existing today. Vitamin D is significantly and intricately related to all the human body's organ systems. This topic is of interest, significance, and relevance to every medical professional of all subjects and specialties, including postgraduate students of super specialty subjects across the globe. It is the talk and topic of today's research worldwide. This book encompasses Vitamin D in terms of its need and role, deficiency, excessive states, and its consequences and presentations. The chapters include information about vitamin D across pediatrics to geriatrics. This book is a crisp, easy-to-carry guide on Vitamin D, written by academicians and researchers. The authors are from relevant specialties concerned with Vitamin D, e.g., Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Medical Oncology, Dermatology, Neurology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Preventive and Social Medicine, Pediatrics, to name a few. The chapters include the problem statement of its deficiency, laboratory estimation, clinical manifestations, interactions, and role in the well-being of various organ systems of the body. Additionally, it includes tables, figures, pictures, scans, and pictorial representations for lucid reading and easy understanding.
Vitamin D: Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Aging (Oxidative Stress and Disease)
by Adrian F. GombartVitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a worldwide, public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Rickets among infants has reemerged. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk and mortality from cancer. At the same time, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on a host of conditions have recently been discovered. F
Vitamin-Binding Proteins: Functional Consequences
by Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti Shyamala DakshinamurtiDiverse in chemical nature, water soluble and lipid soluble vitamins are essential micronutrients that react with specific protein entities and are transported to sites for participation in intracellular events, both at the genomic and non-genomic levels. Thus, metabolic pathways and intracellular signaling are influenced by vitamins or their deriv
Vitamins and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
by Maryce M. JacobsThis book provides researchers and practitioners with a unique collection of current research on the role of vitamins and micronutrients in cancer prevention and treatment. New theories are discussed, including a hypothesis that dietary factors may protect against genetically predisposed cancers. Mechanisms by which different vitamins and minerals appear to inhibit carcinogenesis or cell transformation are described, including vitamins A, C, E, and selenium protection against oxidative stress by induction of enzymes as catalase and dismutase or inteference with free radical mechanisms; organosulfur compound inhibition of P450 activation enzymes or enhancement of detoxification enzymes; metal ion effects in the modulation of gene expression by site-specific binding of Zn-finger loop domains; B-carotene metabolite up-regulation of gap junctional communication between cells; and vitamin D3 elimination of amplified oncogenes or drug resistant genes. The book also reviews literature implicating a possible relationship between potassium and the control of cancer. Other information presented includes a discussion of contemporary technologies and data associating lipotrope deficiencies with alterations in xenobiotic metabolism, nucleic acid methylation, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, signal transduction, and chromosome anomalies.
Vitellogenin in Fishes- Diversification, Biological Properties, and Future Perspectives
by Vaseeharan Baskaralingam Rapeepun VanichviriyakitThis book provides basic and advanced information on vitellogenin in fish. The proposed book discusses the history of vitellogenin, previtellogenesis, their diversification and classification in fishes, and tools for their identification and characterization. Further, their functional aspects in oogenesis and its regulatory mechanism, role as the immunocompetent molecule, and reproductive strategies are discussed. The book further examines vitellogenin as a hormone and biomarker, its related egg yolk proteins, and its mechanism on molecular cloning and induction. In addition, the book discusses its role in the disruption of the endocrine system in fish, its biological activities, its multivalent mechanism in marine and freshwater fishes, and its impact on the growth of ornamental fishes. Moreover, this book elaborates on the multiple vitellogenin genes, each with unique promoter regions and varying sensitivity to induction by estradiol, and multiple Vtg proteins themselves, with variable degrees of post-translational modification. As such, this book is helpful for researchers and students interested in the reproduction of fishes and reproductive biology.
Vitiligo
by Alain Taïeb Mauro PicardoVitiligo is one of the most common cutaneous disorders. Great numbers of affected patients suffer from the high stigmatizing impact of this disease. Up to now, clinical guidelines for the treatment of vitiligo were non-existent. In order to fill this void, this textbook defines and gives a complete overview of the disease, both regarding the classification of differential diagnosis as well as the treatment. Written by the most authoritative experts in the field, all therapy recommendations are based on new evidence-based guidelines. It includes case studies with illustrations before and after the treatment in order to demonstrate the treatment success. This textbook will be a valuable resource for all physicians who are seeing patients with this disease.
Vitiligo
by Alain Taïeb Mauro PicardoSince the first edition of this book was published, new knowledge has been gained on Vitiligo. This widely revised and updated second edition, written by worldwide experts in the field, fully reflects this progress. The apparently, simple and poorly symptomatic presentation of the disease has been a strong disadvantage to its study, as compared to other common chronic skin disorders such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. A good skin-based angle of attack is also lacking because generalized Vitiligo is clearly epitomizing the view of skin diseases as simple targets of a systemic unknown dysregulation (diathesis). This view has mostly restricted Vitiligo to the manifestation of an auto-immune diathesis and skin events, which are easily detected using skin biospies in most other situations, have not been precisely recorded, with the argument that a clinical diagnosis was sufficient for the management of the patient with Vitiligo. This richly illustrated second edition reflects the constant international effort to share the information gathered about this disorder at the clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutic levels. Its aim still being to bridge current knowledge at the clinical and investigative level, to point to the many unsolved issues, and to delineate future priorities for research.
Vitrification in Assisted Reproduction
by Gautam Allahbadia Masashige Kuwayama Goral GandhiAdvances in technology now offer promising solutions to deal with the chronological aging of the cell, tissue or organ to synchronize its existence and its use. This book covers the developments in and benefits of the latest vitrification technology and its extensive applications in reproductive medicine. Protocols of gametes (oocyte and sperm), embryos, blastocysts and ovarian tissue cryopreservation have been reviewed by leaders in the field. In order to address the escalation in cross-border reproductive tourism entailing the transfer of reproductive cells and tissues rather than the patient, the challenges, caution and emerging possibilities of nitrogen vapor shipment of vitrified cells have been discussed. Current perspectives on oocyte banking present the reader with options and solutions to effectively utilize these gametes despite the physiological deterrents. The versatile applications and potential of vitrification of human embryonic stem cells, discussed in the concluding chapter, is an exciting reality offered by vitrification to help overcome numerous stumbling blocks in the management of various disorders.
Vitro
by Jessica KhouryA death-defying tropical adventure delivers a frightening message about dabbling with creation from the talented author of Origin. On a remote island in the Pacific, Corpus scientists have taken test tube embryos and given them life. These beings--the Vitros--have knowledge and abilities most humans can only dream of. But they also have one enormous flaw. Sophie Crue is determined to get to Skin Island and find her mother, a scientist who left Sophie behind years ago. She enlists hunky charter pilot Jim Julien to take her there. But once on the island, Sophie and Jim encounter more than they bargained for, including a charming, brilliant Vitro named Nicholas and an innocent, newly awoken one named Lux. In a race for their lives, Sophie and Jim are about to discover what happens when science stretches too far beyond its reach.