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Ethics, Governance, and Policies in Artificial Intelligence (Philosophical Studies Series #144)
by Luciano FloridiThis book offers a synthesis of investigations on the ethics, governance and policies affecting the design, development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Each chapter can be read independently, but the overall structure of the book provides a complementary and detailed understanding of some of the most pressing issues brought about by AI and digital innovation. Given its modular nature, it is a text suitable for readers who wish to gain a reliable orientation about the ethics of AI and for experts who wish to know more about specific areas of the current debate.
Ethics, Law and Natural Hazards: The Moral Imperative for International Intervention Post-Disaster
by Lauren TraczykowskiThis book argues that the international community has a moral duty to intervene on behalf of a population affected by a natural hazard when their government is either unable or unwilling to provide basic, life-saving assistance. The work draws on law, international relations theory, and political philosophy to articulate that non-response to a natural hazard is unethical. In providing policy suggestions the author articulates what should happen based on an ethical analysis. Readers will thus gain an ethical lens with which to view intervention in the aftermath of a natural hazard. The book encourages readers to consider the nuances of arguments from various disciplines about whether or not intervention is appropriate. Whilst arguing throughout that an intervention policy in response to natural hazards should be developed by the international community, the study also accounts for why intervention should only be used in very limited situations. This interdisciplinary approach makes the book essential reading for researchers, academics and policy-makers working in the areas of international law, humanitarian studies, human rights, international relations and political science.
Ethics, Law, and Policy
by Dr Jerome E. BickenbachThis volume in The SAGE Reference Series on Disability explores ethical, legal, and policy issues of people with disabilities, and is one of eight volumes in the cross-disciplinary and issues-based series, which examines topics central to the lives of individuals with disabilities and their families. With a balance of history, theory, research, and application, specialists set out the findings and implications of research and practice for others whose current or future work involves the care and/or study of those with disabilities, as well as for the disabled themselves. The presentation style (concise and engaging) emphasizes accessibility. Taken individually, each volume sets out the fundamentals of the topic it addresses, accompanied by compiled data and statistics, recommended further readings, a guide to organizations and associations, and other annotated resources, thus providing the ideal introductory platform and gateway for further study. Taken together, the series represents both a survey of major disability issues and a guide to new directions and trends and contemporary resources in the field as a whole.
Ethics, Society and Politics: Themes from the Philosophy of Peter Winch (Nordic Wittgenstein Studies #6)
by Michael Campbell Lynette ReidThis volume is a reappraisal of the work of Peter Guy Winch (1926 -1997), one of the most important philosophers of the 20th Century. Winch faded into relative obscurity compared to his contemporaries due to a mistaken belief that there are no systematic connections between the different aspects of his work. This volume corrects that presupposition and reintroduces Winch's work to a new generation of scholars. By showing how ethical, political and social issues are interrelated in Winch's work, and by making clear the connections between these issues and themes in metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, the volume demonstrates both the breadth and the unity of Winch's approach. It discusses topics such as ethics, political philosophy, social science, the philosophy of action, the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language. Despite this apparent variety of topics, the contributors to the volume share Winch's conviction that the different areas of philosophy are interdependent. As a result, the volume as a whole shows unity in diversity and provides an example of a manner of philosophising in which different approaches and sub-disciplines are placed in dialogue with each other. Peter Guy Winch is most famous for his early work on the philosophy of the social sciences. His On the Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy (ISS) generated controversy within both philosophical and social scientific circles. In that work and subsequent publications Winch argued against the presupposition that social relations could be understood using the conceptual tools of the natural sciences. Winch would later describe ISS as a 'young man's book' and would come to regret the reputation it garnered him - a mixture of roughly equal degrees fame and infamy. Alongside his work on the philosophy of social sciences, Winch was an interpreter and exegete of Wittgenstein. He also published a ground-breaking study of the philosophy of Simone Weil, entitled Simone Weil: The Just Balance. Winch also published numerous essays on issues in ethics, political philosophy and the philosophy of religion, and at his death was working on a book manuscript on the problem of political authority.
Ethics: Cases And Commentaries (Critical and Radical Debates in Social Work)
by Sarah BanksThe past few years have seen a renewed interest in the subject of social work ethics. In this short form book, part of the Critical and Radical Debates in Social Work series, Sarah Banks argues that this can be seen as reflecting two very different agendas. On the one hand, it is part of a progressive movement which offers a critique of New Public Management (NPM), or managerialist, approaches through emphasising the role of social workers as active moral agents working for social justice. On the other hand, the growth of interest in ethics can be viewed as part of NPM, with codes of ethics a means of regulating and controlling the conduct of professionals and service users. She emphasises the importance of reclaiming professional ethics for social work, and outlines a preliminary framework for a situated ethics of social justice.
Ethik der mediatisierten Welt
by Matthias RathDer Band erweitert die Medienethik über Medieninhalte und Medienpraxis hinaus zur ,,Ethik der mediatisierten Welt". Er fußt dabei einerseits auf der Einsicht in die grundsätzliche Medialität des Menschen sowie die daraus folgende Prägung seiner gesellschaftlichen Realität und überbrückt andererseits die Kluft zwischen normativer Ethik und deskriptiven Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaften. Eine Ethik der mediatisierten Welt muss dabei nicht nur die eigenen philosophischen Wurzeln bedenken, sondern die medienethischen Grundbegriffe auch interdisziplinär beherrschen. Sie wird daher als integrative Disziplin zwischen Philosophie und Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaften verstanden.
Ethik der mediatisierten Welt: Grundlagen und Perspektiven
by Matthias RathDer Band erweitert die Medienethik über Medieninhalte und Medienpraxis hinaus zur „Ethik der mediatisierten Welt“. Er fußt dabei einerseits auf der Einsicht in die grundsätzliche Medialität des Menschen sowie die daraus folgende Prägung seiner gesellschaftlichen Realität und überbrückt andererseits die Kluft zwischen normativer Ethik und deskriptiven Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaften. Eine Ethik der mediatisierten Welt muss dabei nicht nur die eigenen philosophischen Wurzeln bedenken, sondern die medienethischen Grundbegriffe auch interdisziplinär beherrschen. Sie wird daher als integrative Disziplin zwischen Philosophie und Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaften verstanden.
Ethik der öffentlichen Kommunikation: Eine kommunikationswissenschaftliche Einführung
by Beatrice Dernbach Günter Bentele Jessica Heesen Barbara Thomaß Nils S. BorchersDas Lehrbuch führt auf kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Grundlage in die Theorie, Methodik und das Leistungsvermögen der Ethik öffentlicher Kommunikation ein. Es wendet die grundlegenden Erkenntnisse ethischer Reflexion auf relevante Berufsfelder der öffentlichen Kommunikation an (Journalismus, Public Relations, Werbung), berücksichtigt aber auch die nicht-professionelle öffentliche Kommunikation im Digitalen. Es liefert Orientierungswissen für künftige (und gegenwärtige) Angehörige dieser Berufsfelder und derer, die an der gesellschaftlichen Kommunikation teilnehmen. Es orientiert sich an der Berufspraxis ebenso wie an begründeten normativen Erfordernissen.
Ethik des Computerspielens: Eine Grundlegung (Techno:Phil – Aktuelle Herausforderungen der Technikphilosophie #4)
by Samuel UlbrichtTrotz der steigenden Zahl an Computerspielern weltweit markiert die moralische Einordnung von Computerspielhandlungen ein bislang ungelöstes Rätsel der philosophischen Ethik. Angesichts der Brisanz der Thematik im Alltag (zu sehen an der ‚Killerspiel-Debatte‘) ist augenfällig, dass es einer differenzierten fachlichen Klärung des Phänomens bedarf: Kann das Spielen von Computerspielen unmoralisch sein? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage erörtert der Autor zunächst, was wir überhaupt tun, wenn wir Computerspiele spielen: Über welche Art von Handlung sprechen wir? Im zweiten Schritt erfolgt eine moralische Einordnung, die erschließt, ob (und wenn ja, warum) manche Computerspielhandlungen moralisch problematisch sind. Die hier angestellten Überlegungen gewähren einen grundlegenden Einblick in die normative Dimension des Computerspielens.Samuel Ulbricht hat in Stuttgart Philosophie und Deutsch auf Lehramt studiert und dort sein erstes Staatsexamen mit Auszeichnung absolviert. Für seine Abschlussarbeit zur Ethik des Computerspielens erhielt er den „Preis der Freunde der Universität Stuttgart“. Aktuelle Forschungsschwerpunkte sind normative Unterschiede der Moraltheorien, Problembereiche der angewandten Ethik sowie die Ästhetik und Ethik des Computerspielens. Derzeit unterrichtet er die Fächer Deutsch und Ethik am Liselotte-Gymnasium in Mannheim.
Ethik in den Ingenieurwissenschaften: Eine Annäherung
by Dieter D. Genske Uta BreuerDie Ingenieurwissenschaften tragen wesentlich zur Gestaltung unserer Zukunft bei. Umso mehr überrascht es, dass ethische Fragen in ingenieurwissenschaftliche Curricula kaum einfließen. Auch praktizierenden Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren bleibt die Thematik zumeist fremd. In dieser Edition wird der ethische Anspruch der Ingenieurwissenschaften historisch aufgearbeitet, neu definiert und an aktuellen Beispielen wie dem Dieselskandal, der Klimakrise, den Suchmaschinen und sozialen Netzwerken, der künstlichen Intelligenz und der Covid19-Pandemie verdeutlicht. Dabei sollen sowohl Studierende als auch Praktizierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften angesprochen werden
Ethiopia Electoral, Political Parties Laws and Regulations Handbook: Strategic Information, Regulations, Procedures
by International Business Publications UsaEthiopia Electoral, Political Parties Laws and Regulations Handbook: Strategic Information, Regulations, Procedures
Ethiopia Photographed: Historic Photographs of the Country and its People Taken Between 1867 and 1935
by Richard PankhurstFollowing the very successful Ethiopia Engraved, an illustrated book of engravings by foreign travellers from 1681 to 1900, Ethiopia Photographed covers the period from the inception of photography in the country up to the Italian Fascist invasion in 1936. The people, terrain, buildings and rulers of Ethiopia - such as Emperor Melenik, Lej Iyasu and Emperor Haile Selassie - make it a highly photogenic country, as this lavishly illustrated book reveals. Situated in lofty, often inaccessible mountains between the Red Sea and the Blue Nile, and extending far into the Horn of Africa, it is a complex and mysterious country which as always exercised an extraordinary fascination for the outside world. The book begins with an introduction which gives a brief history of Ethiopia in this period, and describes the role of photography at this time. The richly captured images of Ethiopia Photographed bear witness to many personalities and places not previously seen and, in many cases, now lost for all time but for the photogenic memories recorded here.
Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region
by Mordechai AbirFirst Published in 1980. An important waterway for international trade, the Red Sea is about 2000 kms. long and generally between 200-300 kms. wide. In its southern part the Arabian peninsula approaches the Horn of Africa to a distance of about 25 kms. This book is partly the outcome of research for the chapter called 'Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa' (from the middle of the sixteenth century until the middle of the eighteenth century), published in the fourth volume of the Cambridge History of Africa. The extensive research conducted for several summers between 1967 and 1971 for a forty-page chapter resulted in substantial material in order to create this volume.
Ethiopian Jewish Immigrants in Israel: The Homeland Postponed
by Tanya SchwarzThis is an ethnographic study of Ethiopian Jews, or Beta Israel, a few years after their migration from rural Ethiopia to urban Israel. For the Beta Israel, the most significant issue is not, as is commonly assumed, adaptation to modern society, but rather 'belonging' in their new homeland, and the loss of control they are experiencing over their lives and those of their children. Ethiopian Jewish immigrants resist those aspects of the dominant society which they dislike: they reject normative Jewish practices and uphold Beta Israel religious and cultural ones, ideologically counteract disparaging Israeli attitudes, develop strong ethnic bonds and engage in overt forms of resistance. The difficulties of the present are also overcome by creating a perfect past and an ideal future: in what the author calls 'the homeland postponed', all Jews will be united in a colour-blind world of material plenty and purity.
Ethiopian Migrant Domestic Workers: Migrant Agency and Social Change (Mobility & Politics)
by Bina FernandezThis book tells the stories of the Ethiopian women who migrate to work as domestic workers in the Middle East. Drawing on qualitative research in Ethiopia, Lebanon and Kuwait, the author reveals how women’s aspirations to migrate are constituted within unequal gendered structures of opportunity in Ethiopia and asks us to consider how gender, race, class and nationality intersect in the construction of migrant subjectivities and agency. By analysing the impact of migration on social reproduction both in Ethiopia and the destination countries, the book offers fresh empirical and theoretical insights into the largest stream of women’s autonomous international migration from Africa.
Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1991: From a Monarchical Autocracy to a Military Oligarchy
by Teferra Haile-SelassieFirst published in 1997. Ethiopia, the only country in Africa to survive the nineteenth-century European scramble for the continent, has a long, unique, and complex history. This stretches back over three million years to Lucy, or as the Ethiopians call her Dinkenesh, the earliest known ancestor of the human race, to the political turmoil of late twentieth-century Africa. Teferra Haile-Selassie writes partly as a historian, but also, and perhaps more importantly, as a sincere and sensitive observer, who lived through the later historical events which he describes, and indeed played a notable role in several of them.
Ethiopians in an Age of Migration: Scattered lives beyond borders
by Fassil DemissieThe migration of Ethiopians across international borders is a recent phenomenon because of the limited integration of the country and society to the global economy. Since it was never colonized – aside from the Italian occupation of 1936-1941 – Ethiopia’s economy and society were not directly impacted by the ebb and flow of the global economy, and thus never generated international migration. Beginning in the 1970s, due to factors such as famine, rural poverty, civil war, and political repression, an unprecedented number of Ethiopian migrants began to leave their country in search of better, more secure lives. Today, this diaspora constitutes a distinctive community dispersed across the world, but bound by a common feeling of collectiveness and a shared history of the homeland. The contributors to this volume draw their work from a wide variety of interdisciplinary fields and provide new critical insight on Ethiopian migrants and their diaspora communities. What has emerged from these scholarly works is the recognition that the Ethiopian diaspora – although separated by oceans and nations, by politics, ethnicity, class, gender and age – are carving out a social and material world born out of their particular circumstances both "here" and "there". This book was originally published as a special issue of African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal.
Ethnic Activism and Civil Society in South Asia (Governance, Conflict and Civic Action)
by David N. GellnerThis volume, the second in the Governance, Conflict, and Civic Action series, examines civil society in South Asia through case studies of different kinds of ethnic (′communal′) activism. With chapters covering Nepal, Sri Lanka, and India (Darjeeling, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, and Tamil Nadu), it avoids the ′methodological nationalism′ so frequent in social science publications on the region. The articles examine Hindu nationalism, Dalit activism in India and Nepal, and the Janajati movement in Nepal, and show how they are animated by common ideals and themes, such as emphasis on the involvement of youth, the assertion of pride and masculinity, the desire to resist injustice and reassess previously stigmatized symbols, the importance of land and belonging, and so on. South Asian civil society is a site of constant struggle. This volume shows how ethnic activists wrestle with official classifications and the categories of daily, traditional practices and attempt to turn these to their advantage, often bringing about radical social, political, and intellectual change as a result. It also argues that ethnic movements need to be investigated by social scientists as a part of civil society, and it shows how this can be done. Ethnic Activism and Civil Society in South Asia will be an ideal reference for those interested in ethnicity, sociology, political science, anthropology, and South Asian studies.
Ethnic Ambiguity and the African Past: Materiality, History, and the Shaping of Cultural Identities (UCL Institute of Archaeology Publications #65)
by Francois G Richard Kevin C MacDonaldThe collective inquiries in this volume address ethnicity in ancient Africa as social fact and political artifact along numerous dimensions. Is ethnicity a useful analytic? What can archaeology say about the kinds of deeper time questions which scholars have asked of identities in Africa? Eleven authors engage with contemporary anthropological, historical and archaeological perspectives to examine how ideas of self-understanding, belonging, and difference in Africa were made and unmade. They examine how these intersect with other salient domains of social experience: states, landscapes, discourses, memory, technology, politics, and power. The various chapters cover broad geographic and temporal ground, following an arc across Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and East Africa, spanning from prehistory to the colonial period.
Ethnic America: A History
by Thomas SowellThis classic work by the distinguished economist traces the history of nine American ethnic groups--the Irish, Germans, Jews, Italians, Chinese, African-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans.
Ethnic American Literatures and Critical Race Narratology (Narrative Theory and Culture)
by von Mossner, Alexa WeikEthnic American Literatures and Critical Race Narratology explores the relationship between narrative, race, and ethnicity in the United States. Situated at the intersection of post-classical narratology and context-oriented approaches in race, ethnic, and cultural studies, the contributions to this edited volume interrogate the complex and varied ways in which ethnic American authors use narrative form to engage readers in issues related to race and ethnicity, along with other important identity markers such as class, religion, gender, and sexuality. Importantly, the book also explores how paying attention to the formal features of ethnic American literatures changes our under-standing of narrative theory and how narrative theories can help us to think about author functions and race. The international and diverse group of contributors includes top scholars in narrative theory and in race and ethnic studies, and the texts they analyze concern a wide variety of topics, from the representation of time and space to the narration of trauma and other deeply emotional memories to the importance of literary paratexts, genre structures, and author functions.
Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration
by Leonard DinnersteinFor more than three decades, Ethnic Americans has been hailed as a classic history of immigration to America. Leonard Dinnerstein and David M. Reimers begin with a brief overview of immigration during the colonial and early national eras (1492 to the 1820s), focusing primarily on the arrival of English Protestants, while at the same time stressing the diversity brought by Dutch, French, Spanish, and other small groups, including "free people of color" from the Caribbean. Next they follow large-scale European immigration from 1830 to the 1880s. Catholicism became a major force in America during this period, with immigrants-five million in the 1880s alone-creating a new mosaic in every state of the Union. This section also touches on the arrival, beginning in 1848, of Chinese immigrants and other groups who hoped to find gold and get rich. Subsequent chapters address eastern and southern European immigration from 1890 to 1940; newcomers from the Western Hemisphere and Asia who arrived from 1840 to 1940; immigration restriction from 1875 to World War II; and the postwar arrival and experiences of Asian, Mexican, Hungarian, and Cuban refugees. Taking the past fifteen years into account, the fifth edition of Ethnic Americans considers recent influxes of Asians and Hispanics, especially the surge in the Mexican population, and includes expanded coverage of nativist sentiment in American politics and thought.
Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment
by Erin K. JenneIn Ethnic Bargaining, Erin K. Jenne introduces a theory of minority politics that blends comparative analysis and field research in the postcommunist countries of East Central Europe with insights from rational choice. Jenne finds that claims by ethnic minorities have become more frequent since 1945 even though nation-states have been on the whole more responsive to groups than in earlier periods. Minorities that perceive an increase in their bargaining power will tend to radicalize their demands, she argues, from affirmative action to regional autonomy to secession, in an effort to attract ever greater concessions from the central government.The language of self-determination and minority rights originally adopted by the Great Powers to redraw boundaries after World War I was later used to facilitate the process of decolonization. Jenne believes that in the 1960s various ethnic minorities began to use the same discourse to pressure national governments into transfer payments and power-sharing arrangements. Violence against minorities was actually in some cases fueled by this politicization of ethnic difference.Jenne uses a rationalist theory of bargaining to examine the dynamics of ethnic cleavage in the cases of the Sudeten Germans in interwar Czechoslovakia; Slovaks and Moravians in postcommunist Czechoslovakia; the Hungarians in Romania, Slovakia, and Vojvodina; and the Albanians in Kosovo. Throughout Ethnic Bargaining, she challenges the conventional wisdom that partisan intervention is an effective mechanism for protecting minorities and preventing or resolving internal conflict.
Ethnic Boundary-Making at the Margins of Conflict in The Philippines: Everyday Identity Politics in Mindanao (SpringerBriefs in Political Science)
by Anabelle RagsagThis book makes a significant interdisciplinary contribution to existing scholarship on ethnicity, conflict, nation-making, colonial history and religious minorities in the Philippines, which has been confronted with innumerable issues relating to their ethnic and religious minority populations. Using Sarangani Bay as a research site, the book zones in on the lives of the Muslim Sinamas and the Christianized indigenous B'laans as they navigate the effects of the ongoing turmoil in the Bangsamoro region in Muslim Mindanao—a multi-faceted conflict involving numerous armed groups, as well as clans, criminal gangs and political elites. This work considers the factors affecting the Muslim Moro people, who have long been struggling for their right to self-determination. The conflict in the Moro areas has evolved over the past five decades from an ethnonationalist struggle between an aggrieved minority and a thorny issue for the central government: a highly fragmented conflict with multiple overlapping causes of violence. The book provides a framework for understanding the ethnic separatism in the case of the southern part of the country, framed by the concept of ethnic boundaries. Providing an excellent blend of theory and empirical evidence, the author confronts how ethno-religious divisions adversely impact the quality of life and unpacks how these divisions challenge multiculturalist policies. Weaving together multiple branches of the social sciences, this book is of interest to policymakers, researchers and students interested in international relations and political science, Asian studies, ethnic studies, Philippines’ history, sociology and anthropology.
Ethnic Chinese Entrepreneurship in Malaysia: On Contextualisation in International Business Studies (Chinese Worlds)
by Michael JakobsenThe study of ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia has a long tradition. What is most striking in these studies is just how difficult it is to generalise about this ethnic group in the region. Whether or not they have been able to identify as Chinese has to a certain extend depended on different processes of social and political engineering, which in turn make them more or less distinct as an ethnic group. In the case of Malaysia, national political schemes such as the affirmative action policy indirectly force the Malaysian ethnic Chinese to conceive of themselves as a coherent collective, and yet, when asked Chinese entrepreneurs in the maintain that despite the affirmative action policy ethnicity is not the a defining deciding factor when it comes to identifying business partners. This book focuses on the consequences of these kinds of policies in the field of inter-ethnic business practices and entrepreneurship in Malaysia within the wider context of the relationship between local, national and global markets. It focuses on the complexities of inter-ethnic relations and in particular, the strong economic position of the ethnic Chinese and their impact on the Malaysian economic scene as well as on the wider Southeast Asian region, underlining the degree to which inter-ethnic relations in Southeast Asia are crucial to understanding the political and economic complexitiescharacteristic of characterizing the region. In turn, it takes small and medium-sized enterprises as case studies, and shows how they are being shaped and in return shape the society in which they constitute a part. In doing so, the book highlights how these companies not only relate to the domestic economy, but also cater to the global economy, and presents a compelling argument for the introduction of a glocalised perspective in international business studies. Ethnic Chinese Entrepreneurship in Malaysia will be welcomed by students and scholars with an interest in Asian studies, political economy, international business studies, inter-ethnic relations and diaspora studies.