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Journalism Beyond Orwell
by Richard Lance KeebleJournalism Beyond Orwell adapts and updates pioneering work by Richard Lance Keeble to explore George Orwell’s legacy as a journalist in original, critical – and often controversial – ways. Though best known as the author of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwell was, throughout his career, a journalist. The essays in this collection explore Orwell’s important legacy: as a practising activist journalist critical of the dominant media; as a polemicist, essayist and novelist constantly concerned with issues relating to war and peace; as a literary journalist determined to make ‘political writing an art’; and as a writer who warned of the growing powers of the secret state. Through this highly individualistic essay collection that connects Orwellian themes to modern journalism, Richard Lance Keeble explores key topics, including: Orwell the ‘proto-blogger’ How Orwell put his political economy critique of the corporate press into practice Information warfare in an age of hyper-militarism The manufacture of the myth of heroic warfare in the reporting of the Afghan conflict The debates over the theory and practice of peace journalism The ethical challenges for journalists reporting on conflict The crucial role of the alternative media The pleasures and pitfalls of the celebrity profile This collection will be of particular interest to students and researchers in journalism studies, English literature, media, intelligence studies and international relations.
Journalism Cultures in Sierra Leone: Between Global Norms and Local Pressures
by Sarah Bomkapre KoromaThis book provides novel insights into the perspectives of journalists in Sierra Leone and on their work by examining their perceived journalistic values and the influences that shape them. It treats journalism as an occupational identity and as a community that works on the foundation of the sub-Saharan African philosophies that exalts communal values in every sphere of life. When journalists speak about their social function in society and values, they are sharing both their individual knowledge and experiences on their work. Therefore, journalistic values are never isolated ideologies, but exist within the contexts in which they practice. In this book, Sarah Bomkapre Koroma examines the perceptions of journalists on the societal influences that impact their work, ranging from individual, procedural, organizational, political, economic, and many more. Questions explored include:What journalism cultures exist in Sierra Leone?What effects do societal factors have on these journalistic cultures?How do journalists in Sierra Leone describe their roles?What epistemological underpinnings do they consider during practice?What ethical considerations do the journalists share?
Journalism, Data and Technology in Latin America (Palgrave Studies in Journalism and the Global South)
by Ramón Salaverría Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-SantosThis book explores innovative approaches to digital and data journalism in Latin America, brought by both legacy media and newcomers to the industry, with the purpose of examining this changing media landscape. As part of the Global South, Latin America has shown significant influence in the promotion of data and digital technologies applied to journalism in recent years. In this region, news entrepreneurs are becoming an essential source of innovation in news production, circulation, and distribution. The book considers news media, particularly in Latin America, as an open set of practices intertwined in the evolution of technology. It discusses the transformation of the Latin American news media ecosystem and considers how it has shaped the industry despite local differences. The study fills a significant gap in academic scholarship by addressing the multiple external factors, mainly political and economic, which have contributed to the relative lack of studies on the patterns of journalism in this region.
Journalism, Democracy and Civil Society in India (ISSN)
by Shakuntala Rao Vipul MudgalSince independence in 1947 India has remained a stable and functioning democracy in the face of enormous challenges. Amid a variety of interlinking contraries and a burgeoning media – one of the largest in the world – there has been a serious dearth of scholarship on the role of journalists and dramatically changing journalism practices. This book brings together some of the best known scholars on Indian journalism to ask questions such as: Can the plethora of privately run cable news channels provide the discursive space needed to strengthen the practices of democracy, not just inform results from the ballot boxes? Can neoliberal media ownership patterns provide space for a critical and free journalistic culture to evolve? What are the ethical challenges editors and journalists face on a day-to-day basis in a media industry which has exploded? In answering some of these questions, the contributors to this volume are equally sensitive to the historical, social, and cultural context in which Indian journalism evolved, but they do not all reach the same conclusion about the role of journalism in Indian civil society and democracy. This book was originally published as a special issue of Journalism Studies.
Journalism Design: Interactive Technologies and the Future of Storytelling (Disruptions)
by Skye DohertyJournalism Design is about the future of journalism. As technologies increasingly, and continually, reshape the way we interact with information, with each other and with our environment, journalists need new ways to tell stories. Journalists often see technology as something that improves what they are doing or that makes it more convenient. However, the growing might of technology companies has put journalism and news organisations in a difficult position: readers and revenues have moved, and platforms exert increasing control over story design. Skye Doherty argues that, rather than adapting journalism to new technologies, journalists should be creating the technologies themselves and those technologies should be designed for core values such as the public interest. Drawing from theories and practices of interaction design, this book demonstrates how journalists can use their expertise to imagine new ways of doing journalism. The design and development of the NewsCube, a three-dimensional storytelling tool, is detailed, as well as how interaction design can be used to imagine new forms of journalism. The book concludes by calling for closer ties between researchers and working journalists and suggests that journalism has a hybrid future – in newsrooms, communities, design studios and tech companies.
Journalism Education for the Digital Age: Promises, Perils, and Possibilities (Disruptions)
by Brian CreechThis book examines pressing debates concerning how and why journalism education should respond to digital changes in and around the industry, and questions market oriented ideology and civic responsibility in the field. Surveying a broad field of discourse and research into journalism education, Creech shows how public ideals, market logics and industry concerns have come to animate discussions about digital journalism education and journalism’s future, and how academic structures and cultures are positioned as a key obstacle to attaining that future. The book examines labor conditions, critiques of journalism education as an institution, and curricular change, with reference to how conversations around race, fake news, and digital infrastructures impact the field. Creech argues for a critical pedagogy of journalism education, one that pushes beyond jobs training and instead is centred around a commitment to public and civic value via a liberal arts tradition made practicable for the digital age. This insightful book is vital reading for journalism educators and scholars, as well as journalists and news executives, education scholars, and program officers and decision-makers at journalism-adjacent foundations and think tanks.
Journalism Education, Training and Employment (Routledge Research in Journalism)
by Bob FranklinDuring this period of rapid and significant change in journalistic practices, journalism educators are re-examining their own profession and contributing to the invention of new models and practices. This edited volume of studies by respected international scholars describes the diverse issues journalism educators are grappling with and the changes they are making in purpose and practice. The book is organized into three sections -- education, training and employment – that explore common themes: How the assumptions embedded in journalism education are being examined and revised in the light of transformative changes in communication; How the definitions of journalism and journalists are broadening in scope and what this means for educators; How newsrooms and training programs around the world are being re-examined and made more effective. An introductory essay and section summaries provide context for the thirteen chapters that constitute the collection. The section on journalism education explores fundamental ways educators are seeking to make their institutions and practices stronger and more responsive. The section on training includes case studies of journalism training programs in sub-Saharan Africa, Turkey, Sweden and the U.S. The final section examines the job prospects and employment market for journalism students with data from the U.S., U.K, Australia, and Sweden. The scope of issues considered in the book makes it a valuable resource for journalism scholars from around the world, as well as doctoral students, journalism and communication administrators in universities, organizations that fund journalism training programs, and practitioners interested in understanding employment and education trends.
Journalism Ethics: Arguments and cases for the twenty-first century
by Martin Hirst Roger PatchingJournalism Ethics: Arguments and Cases for the 21st Century explores the major ethical dilemmas facing journalists in the digital age. Engaging with both the theory and practice of journalism ethics, this text explains the key ethical concepts and dilemmas in journalism and provides an international range of examples and case studies, considering traditional and social media from a global perspective. Journalism Ethics offers an introductory philosophical underpinning to ethics that traces the history of the freedom of expression from the time of Greek philosophers like Aristotle, through the French and American revolutions, to modern day. Throughout the book Patching and Hirst examine ethically-challenging issues such as deception, trial by media, dealing with sources and privacy intrusion. They also explore continuing ethical fault lines around accuracy, bias, fairness and objectivity, chequebook journalism, the problems of the foreign correspondent, the conflicts between ethics and the law and between journalists and public relations consultants. Concluding with a step-by-step guide to ethical thinking on the job, this textbook is an invaluable resource for students of journalism, media and communication.
Journalism Ethics and Regulation
by Chris FrostTechnology, and the democratising of news gathering, continue to change traditional journalistic practice making the path through ethical and regulatory frameworks tough to negotiate. As high-profile celebrity cases such as Max Mosley's vividly illustrate, conflicts between the law, ethics and the public's right and desire to be informed are not easily resolved. This comprehensive volume addresses the ethical considerations, dilemmas and challenges the practising journalist faces, each minute, every day. Providing context and practical advice, it explores an area of crucial importance for the 21st century, thoroughly equipping the reader with the information and tools to negotiate this challenging area knowledgeably, practically and responsibly. This book has been written for students and trainee journalists, working journalists and editors, and indeed for any student of the media.
Journalism Ethics and Regulation
by Chris FrostThe new edition of Journalism Ethics and Regulation presents an accessible, comprehensive and in-depth guide to this vital and fast moving area of journalistic practice and academic study. The fourth edition presents expanded and updated chapters on: Privacy, including the pitfalls of Facebook privacy policies and access to social media as a source Gathering the news, including dimensions of accessing material online, the use of crowd sourcing, email interviews, and the issues surrounding phone hacking, blagging and computer hacking New regulation systems including comparison of statutory, state and government regulation, pre-publication regulation, online regulation, and the impact of the Leveson Enquiry on regulation Exploration of who regulates and the issues regarding moderation of user content Journalism ethics and regulation abroad, including European constitutional legalisation, ethics and regulation in the former Soviet states, and regulation based on Islamic law. The book also features brand new chapters examining ethical issues on the internet and journalism ethics, and print regulation in the 21st century. Journalism Ethics and Regulation continues to mix an engaging style with an authoritative approach, making it a prefect resource for both students and scholars of the media and working journalists.
Journalism, Ethics and Society
by David BerryJournalism, Ethics and Society provides a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of debates within media ethics in relation to the purpose of news and journalism for society. It assesses how the meaning of news and journalism is central to a discourse in ethics and further evaluates the continuing role of liberalism in helping to define both theory and practice. Its timely and topical analysis focuses on two of the most central concepts within media ethics and journalistic practice: the US based Public Journalism 'movement' and European Union media policies. It provides new ways of thinking about media ethics and will be of interest to students and researchers working within the field of media, cultural studies and journalism, as well as scholars of philosophy.
Journalism Ethics at the Crossroads: Democracy, Fake News, and the News Crisis
by Roger Patching Martin HirstThis book provides journalism students with an easy-to-read yet theoretically rich guide to the dialectics, contradictions, problems, and promises encapsulated in the term ‘journalism ethics’. Offering an overview of a series of crises that have shaken global journalism to its foundations in the last decade, including the coronavirus pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement, and the 2020 US presidential election, the book explores the structural and ethical problems that shape the journalism industry today. The authors discuss the three principle existential crises that continue to plague the news industry: a failing business model, technological disruption, and growing public mistrust of journalism. Other topics covered include social media ethics, privacy concerns, chequebook journalism, as well as a new analysis of journalism theory that critiques the well-worn tropes of objectivity, the Fourth Estate, freedom of the press, and the marketplace of ideas to develop a sophisticated materialist reimagining of journalism ethics. This is a key text for students of journalism, mass communication, and media ethics, as well as for academics, researchers, and communications professionals interested in contemporary journalism ethics.
Journalism from Print to Platform: The Impossible Shift from Analog to Digital (ISSN)
by Robert HassanThrough a synthesis of philosophical anthropology and media theory, this book examines the human relationship with technology, progressing from analogue to digital, to give a new perspective on journalism in the digital age.Journalism from Print to Platform takes a fresh look at the relationship between journalism as a craft shaped by its tools and considers anew the tools themselves. This book demonstrates that, with the emergence of digitality, what analogue print culture made possible and seemingly “natural” has now become unworkable. Digital logic constitutes a wholly different category of technology with a framework that makes fidelity in one-to-one exchange of analogue-to-digital in communication problematic. In short, the technology-based forms and practices that journalism developed as a fourth estate/public sphere enabler are, like us, irreducibly analog. Whilst we have mostly assumed that these would either adapt to or carry over with the shift to digitality, this book challenges that assumption and considers the important consequences of that realisation for the practice of journalism today.This challenging study is an insightful resource for students and scholars in journalism, media and technology studies.
Journalism, Gender and Power
by Cynthia Carter Linda Steiner Stuart AllanJournalism, Gender and Power revisits the key themes explored in the 1998 edited collection News, Gender and Power. It takes stock of progress made to date, and also breaks ground in advancing critical understandings of how and why gender matters for journalism and current democratic cultures. This new volume develops research insights into issues such as the influence of media ownership and control on sexism, women’s employment, and "macho" news cultures, the gendering of objectivity and impartiality, tensions around the professional identities of journalists, news coverage of violence against women, the sexualization of women in the news, the everyday experience of normative hierarchies and biases in newswork, and the gendering of news audience expectations, amongst other issues. These issues prompt vital questions for feminist and gender-centred explorations concerned with reimagining journalism in the public interest. Contributors to this volume challenge familiar perspectives, and in so doing, extend current parameters of dialogue and debate in fresh directions relevant to the increasingly digitalized, interactive intersections of journalism with gender and power around the globe. Journalism, Gender and Power will inspire readers to rethink conventional assumptions around gender in news reporting—conceptual, professional, and strategic—with an eye to forging alternative, progressive ways forward.
Journalism in a Culture of Grief
by Carolyn Kitch Janice HumeThis book considers the cultural meanings of death in American journalism and the role of journalism in interpretations and enactments of public grief, which has returned to an almost Victorian level. A number of researchers have begun to address this growing collective preoccupation with death in modern life; few scholars, however, have studied the central forum for the conveyance and construction of public grief today: news media. News reports about death have a powerful impact and cultural authority because they bring emotional immediacy to matters of fact, telling stories of real people who die in real circumstances and real people who mourn them. Moreover, through news media, a broader audience mourns along with the central characters in those stories, and, in turn, news media cover the extended rituals. Journalism in a Culture of Grief examines this process through a range of types of death and types of news media. It discusses the reporting of horrific events such as September 11 and Hurricane Katrina; it considers the cultural role of obituaries and the instructive work of coverage of teens killed due to their own risky behaviors; and it assesses the role of news media in conducting national, patriotic memorial rituals.
Journalism in an Era of Big Data: Cases, concepts, and critiques (ISSN)
by Seth C. LewisBig data is marked by staggering growth in the collection and analysis of digital trace information regarding human and natural activity, bound up in and enabled by the rise of persistent connectivity, networked communication, smart machines, and the internet of things. In addition to their impact on technology and society, these developments have particular significance for the media industry and for journalism as a practice and a profession. These data-centric phenomena are, by some accounts, poised to greatly influence, if not transform, some of the most fundamental aspects of news and its production and distribution by humans and machines. What such changes actually mean for news, democracy, and public life, however, is far from certain. As such, there is a need for scholarly scrutiny and critique of this trend, and this volume thus explores a range of phenomena—from the use of algorithms in the newsroom, to the emergence of automated news stories—at the intersection between journalism and the social, computer, and information sciences. What are the implications of such developments for journalism’s professional norms, routines, and ethics? For its organizations, institutions, and economics? For its authority and expertise? And for the epistemology that underwrites journalism’s role as knowledge-producer and sense-maker in society? Altogether, this book offers a first step in understanding what big data means for journalism. This book was originally published as a special issue of Digital Journalism.
Journalism in Context: Practice and Theory for the Digital Age (Communication and Society)
by Angela PhillipsJournalism in Context is an accessible introduction to the theory and practice of journalism in a changing world. The book looks at the way in which power flows through media organisations influencing not only what journalists choose to present to their audiences but how they present it and then in turn what their audiences do with it. Using examples from across the world, as well as from her own research, Angela Phillips uses them to explain complex theoretical concepts. She invites readers to consider how news is influenced by the culture from which it emerges, as well as the way it is paid for and how different countries have approached the problem of ensuring that democracy is served by its media, rather than being undermined by it. Journalism has always been an early adopter of new technologies and the most recent changes are examined in the light of a history in which, although platforms keep on changing, journalism always survives. The questions raised here are important for all students of journalism and all those who believe that journalism matters.
Journalism in Crisis: Bridging Theory and Practice for Democratic Media Strategies in Canada
by Christine Crowther Colette Brin Errol Salamon Gretchen King Mike Gasher Simon ThibaultJournalism in Crisis addresses the concerns of scholars, activists, and journalists committed to Canadian journalism as a democratic institution and as a set of democratic practices. The authors look within Canada and abroad for solutions for balancing the Canadian media ecology.Public policies have been central to the creation and shaping of Canada's media system and, rather than wait for new technologies or economic models, the contributors offer concrete recommendations for how public policies can foster journalism that can support democratic life in twenty-first century Canada. Their work, which includes new theoretical perspectives and valuable discussions of journalism practices in public, private, and community media, should be read by professional and citizen journalists, academics, media activists, policy makers and media audiences concerned about the future of democratic journalism in Canada.
Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession (Iranian Studies)
by Hossein ShahidiFocusing on newspapers, radio and television, this book provides the first systematic investigation of the development of journalism in Iran following the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Revolution.
Journalism in the Age of Virtual Reality: How Experiential Media Are Transforming News
by John PavlikWith the advent of the internet and handheld or wearable media systems that plunge the user into 360º video, augmented—or virtual reality—technology is changing how stories are told and created. In this book, John V. Pavlik argues that a new form of mediated communication has emerged: experiential news. Experiential media delivers not just news stories but also news experiences, in which the consumer engages news as a participant or virtual eyewitness in immersive, multisensory, and interactive narratives.Pavlik describes and analyzes new tools and approaches that allow journalists to tell stories that go beyond text and image. He delves into developing forms such as virtual reality, haptic technologies, interactive documentaries, and drone media, presenting the principles of how to design and frame a story using these techniques. Pavlik warns that although experiential news can heighten user engagement and increase understanding, it may also fuel the transformation of fake news into artificial realities, and he discusses the standards of ethics and accuracy needed to build public trust in journalism in the age of virtual reality. Journalism in the Age of Virtual Reality offers important lessons for practitioners seeking to produce quality experiential news and those interested in the ethical considerations that experiential media raise for journalism and the public.
Journalism, Politics, and the Dakota Access Pipeline: Standing Rock and the Framing of Injustice (Routledge Studies in Environmental Communication and Media)
by Ellen MooreThis book explores tensions surrounding news media coverage of Indigenous environmental justice issues, identifying them as a fruitful lens through which to examine the political economy of journalism, American history, human rights, and contemporary U.S. politics. The book begins by evaluating contemporary American journalism through the lens of "deep media", focusing especially on the relationship between the drive for profit, professional journalism, and coverage of environmental justice issues. It then presents the results of a framing analysis of the Standing Rock movement (#NODAPL) coverage by news outlets in the USA and Canada. These findings are complemented by interviews with the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, whose members provided their perspectives on the media and the pipeline. The discussion expands by considering the findings in light of current U.S. politics, including a Trump presidency that employs "law and order" rhetoric regarding people of color and that often subjects environmental issues to an economic "cost-benefit" analysis. The book concludes by considering the role of social media in the era of "Big Oil" and growing Indigenous resistance and power. Examining the complex interplay between social media, traditional journalism, and environmental justice issues, Journalism, Politics, and the Dakota Access Pipeline: Standing Rock and the Framing of Injustice will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental communication, critical political economy, and journalism studies more broadly.
Journalism, Power and Investigation: Global and Activist Perspectives
by Stuart PriceJournalism, Power and Investigation presents a contemporary, trans-national analysis of investigative journalism. Beginning with a detailed introduction that examines the relationship between this form of public communication and normative conceptions of democracy, the book offers a selection of spirited contributions to current debates concerning the place, function, and political impact of investigative work. The 14 chapters, produced by practising journalists, academics, and activists, cover a range of topics, with examples drawn from the global struggle to produce reliable, in-depth accounts of public events. The collection brings together a range of significant investigations from across the world. These include an assignment conducted in the dangerous sectarian environment of Iraq, close engagement with Spain’s Memory Movement, and an account of the work of radical charity Global Witness. Other chapters examine the relationship between journalists and state/corporate power, the troubled political legacy of WikiLeaks, the legal constraints on investigative journalism in the UK, and the bold international agenda of the investigative collective The Ferret. This material is accompanied by other analytical pieces on events in Bermuda, Brazil, and Egypt. Investigative journalism is a form of reportage that has long provided a benchmark for in-depth, critical interventions. Using numerous case studies, Journalism, Power and Investigation gives students and researchers an insight into the principles and methods that animate this global search for truth and justice.
Journalism Practice and Critical Reflexivity (Routledge Research in Journalism)
by Bonita MasonJournalism Practice and Critical Reflexivity is a theoretical- and practice-based response to the crisis of mission and credibility in journalism studies that is heightened by online and social media. It describes, analyses and offers new approaches and models for critically reflexive journalism research, practice and education. With specific theoretical and conceptual approaches employed, such as Pierre Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology along with the analytical, practice-based, reflective and narrative techniques of Donald Schön and autoethnography, this book provides possible responses to these crises of purpose and legitimacy, and to transformation, in Western corporate journalism. With journalists working in mainstream media under increasing pressure, the book considers the possibility of either slowing journalism down or having elements of a more reflexive journalism practice set alongside other routine practices. It proposes reciprocity as a core value to guide much investigative and news journalism.Scholars and practitioners of journalism, researchers and post-graduate students interested in journalism, critical reflexivity and reflective practice in relevant disciplines can apply the concepts and techniques of critical reflexivity in their own research or teaching. Journalists, criminologists and others concerned with Indigenous deaths in custody, prisons, the institutional duty of care, social and/or legal justice and effective government administration will also find the study rewarding.
Journalism, Science and Society: Science Communication between News and Public Relations (Routledge Studies in Science, Technology and Society #Vol. 7)
by Martin W. Bauer Massimiano BucchiAnalyzing the role of journalists in science communication, this book presents a perspective on how this is going to evolve in the twenty-first century. The book takes three distinct perspectives on this interesting subject. Firstly, science journalists reflect on their ‘operating rules’ (science news values and news making routines). Secondly, a brief history of science journalism puts things into context, characterising the changing output of science writing in newspapers over time. Finally, the book invites several international journalists or communication scholars to comment on these observations thereby opening the global perspective. This unique project will interest a range of readers including science communication students, media studies scholars, professionals working in science communication and journalists.
Journalism Studies: The Basics (The Basics)
by Martin ConboyJournalism Studies: The Basics provides an introductory overview of the emerging field of Journalism Studies, discussing key issues and contemporary debates. Drawing on Conboy’s extensive experience in the field, the changing nature of journalism and its future directions are addressed, through chapters covering: the history and development of Journalism Studies how journalists are created through training and education changing research methods and processes in journalism the impact of the ‘end product’ in wider society global perspectives on journalism technology and the future of the discipline. Situated within a fast growing and dynamic field of study, this engaging introduction will be valuable reading for students of journalism, media and communication, along with those seeking to develop a broader understanding of contemporary journalism.