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Parental Advisory: Music Censorship in America
by Eric D. NuzumEverything You Ever Wanted To Know About The Music Your Parents Never Wanted You To HearBelieve it or not, music censorship in America did not begin with Tipper Gore's horrified reaction to her daughter's Prince album. The vilification of popular music by government and individuals has been going on for decades. Now, for the first time, Parental Advisory offers a thorough and complete chronicle of the music that has been challenged or suppressed -- by the people or the government -- in the United States.From Dean Martin's "Wham, Bam, Thank you Ma'am" to Marilyn Manson's Antichrist Superstar; from freedom fighters such as Frank Zappa and in-your-face rappers such a N.W.A. to crusaders such as Tipper Gore, this intelligent and entertaining book shows how censorship has crossed sexual, class, and ethnic lines, and how many see it as a de facto form of racism. With nearly one hundred fascinating photographs of musicians, record burning, and controversial cover art; illuminating sidebars; and a decade-by-decade timeline of important moments in censorship history, Parental Advisory is by turns frightening and hilarious -- but always revealing.
Parental Care and the Best Interests of the Child in Muslim Countries
by Nadjma Yassari Lena-Maria Möller Imen Gallala-ArndtThis book is the first analysis of parental care regimes in Muslim jurisdictions, both in a comparative and country-specific sense. It contains the proceedings of a workshop on Parental Care and the Best Interests of the Child in Muslim Countries that the Max Planck Research Group "Changes in God's Law: An Inner-Islamic Comparison of Family and Succession Law" hosted in Rabat, Morocco in April 2015. This workshop saw a total of 15 country reports presented on questions of custody, guardianship and their development within different Muslim jurisdictions (ranging from Indonesia to Morocco), a number of which are included in full in the book. Each of these country reports contains a historical perspective on the evolution of domestic rules regarding custody and guardianship, and on the introduction and development of the notion of the best interests of the child. Most importantly, the prevailing legal norms, both substantive and procedural, are explored and particular attention is given to legal practice and the role of the judiciary. In addition to a selection of country reports from the workshop, the volume includes two comparative analyses on questions of parental care in both public and private international law. With a high practical relevance for legal practitioners working in the area of cross-border custody disputes and the most up-to-date assessment of parental care regimes beyond a pure analysis of statutory law, this book combines a number of country reports authored by experts who have worked or are still based in the respective countries they are reporting on and thus contains in-depth discussions of legal practice and custody law in action. Nadjma Yassari is Director of the Research Group "Changes in God's Law: An Inner-Islamic Comparison of Family and Succession Law" while Lena- Maria M#65533;ller and Imen Gallala-Arndt are Senior Research Fellows at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg and the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle respectively.
Parental Conflict: Outcomes and Interventions for Children and Families (Understanding and Strengthening Relationships)
by Jenny Reynolds Catherine HoulstonThere is increasing government recognition of the importance of early family experiences on individuals in the long term and of how inter-parental conflict influences children’s development. Recognition of the role of such factors early in life is key to helping both policy makers and practitioners promote positive outcomes for children. This accessible book reviews recent research showing how children who experience high levels of inter-parental conflict are at serious risk not only in terms of their own wellbeing, but also in relation to the perpetuation of these behaviours later in life. It examines the differences between ‘destructive’ and ‘constructive’ conflict and how they affect children, explores why some children are more adversely affected than others, and features the latest evidence on how conflict affects child physiology. Of particular note is the book’s focus on the growing evidence-based literature on conflict interventions within the last decade. A primer for practitioners working with families, policy makers, students and academics, it will show how to improve the tomorrows for children who experience challenging family experiences today.
Parental Control of Television Broadcasting (Routledge Communication Series)
by Monroe E. Price Stefaan VerhulstThis project, originally developed for the European Community, examines parental roles in controlling television programs watched by children in Europe. The structure of the study includes: *an analysis of the technical devices available to assist in parental control of television broadcasting services, including descriptions of devices, their cost, availability, and the infrastructure needed to introduce them; *a corresponding analysis of potential ratings or labeling systems to work in conjunction with or in the place of technical devices, enabling a comparative analysis of rating systems used in film, video, and online services; and *an overview and assessment of the educational and awareness measures in the field of protection of minors and harmful content, providing the data for the review of available considerations in this field of viewer literacy. In addition to these main strands of analysis, the study provides for background information and analysis in the following areas: *an overview of the main media theories focusing on the effect and impact of specific types of content on children and their behavior; *an assessment of the economic impact and social efficacy of different protective measures; and *a comparison of the regulatory contexts and rating systems for film, video, television, and online services concerning the protection of minors from harmful content. This volume is intended for scholars and students in comparative media studies, media policy, and regulation.
Parental Imprisonment and Children’s Rights (Routledge Studies in Crime, Justice and the Family)
by Aisling Parkes and Fiona DonsonThis book brings together internationally renowned academics and professionals from a variety of disciplines who, in a variety of ways, seek to understand the legal, conceptual and practical consequences of parental imprisonment through a children’s rights lens. Children whose parents have been incarcerated are often referred to as "invisible victims of crime and the penal system." It is well accepted that the imprisonment of a parent, even for a short period of time, not only negatively affects the lives of children but it can also result in a gross violation of their fundamental human rights, such as the right of access to their parent and the right to have an input into decision-making processes affecting them, the outcomes of which will without doubt affect the life of the child concerned. This collection foregrounds the voice of these children as it explores transdisciplinary boundaries and examines the practice and development of the rights of both children and their families within the wider dynamic of criminal justice and penology practice. The text is divided into three parts which are dedicated to 1) hearing the voices of children with parents in prison, 2) understanding to what extent children’s rights informs prison policy, and 3) demonstrating how law in the form of children’s rights can help frame both court sentencing and prison practice in a way that minimises the harm that contact with the prison system can cause. The research drawn upon in this book has been conducted in a number of European countries and demonstrates both good and bad practice as far as the implementation of children’s rights is concerned in the context of parental incarceration. An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to students and scholars of law, children’s rights, criminology, sociology, social work, psychology, penology and all those interested in, and working towards, protecting the rights of children who have a parent in prison.
Parental Incarceration: Personal Accounts and Developmental Impact
by Denise Johnston Megan SullivanParental Incarceration makes available personal stories by adults who have had the childhood experience of parental incarceration. These stories help readers better understand the complex circumstances that influence these children’s health and development, as well as their high risk for intergenerational crime and incarceration. Denise Johnston examines her own children’s experience of her incarceration within the context of what the research and her 30 years of practice with prisoners and their children has taught her, arguing that it is imperative to attempt to understand parental incarceration within a developmental framework. Megan Sullivan, a scholar in the Humanities, examines the effects of her father’s incarceration on her family, and underscores the importance of the reentry process for families. The number of arrested, jailed, and imprisoned persons in the United States has increased since 1960, most dramatically between 1985 and 2000. As the majority of these incarcerated persons are parents, the number of minor children with an incarcerated parent has increased alongside, peaking at an estimated 2.9 million in 2006. The impact of the experience of parental incarceration has garnered attention by researchers, but to date attention has been focused on the period when parents are actually in jail or prison. This work goes beyond that to examine the developmental impact of children’s experiences that extend long beyond that timeframe. A valuable resource for students in corrections, human services, social work, counseling, and related courses, as well as practitioners, program/agency administrators, policymakers, advocates, and others involved with families of the incarcerated, this book is testimony that the consequences of mass incarceration reach far beyond just the offender.
Parental Involvement in Childhood Education
by Garry HornbyThis book details methods for evaluating parental involvement in a child's education. It offers an evidence-based model for parental participation and an analysis of key interpersonal skills for effective work with parents.
Parental Learning Disability and Children's Needs: Family Experiences and Effective Practice
by Hedy Cleaver Don NicholsonParental Learning Disability and Children's Needs explores how to effectively assess children in families where one or more parent has a learning disability. These children often have unmet needs because their parents are more likely to be coping with mental and physical illness, domestic violence or substance abuse. The book examines current social care practice in this area, whether it is working, and the impact it has on families. The authors describe how, although some parents with a learning disability face a significant risk of losing their children, most continue to look after them and, while support provided by social services and other agencies, can be significant it is rarely sustained and the health and welfare of many children suffers as a result. Case studies and interviews from original research support the authors' recommendations for policy and practice to combat these problems. This book will prove to be an invaluable source of information for all social workers and other professionals working with someone who is both a parent and has a learning disability.
Parental Monitoring of Adolescents: Current Perspectives for Researchers and Practitioners
by James Jaccard Patricia Dittus Vincent Guilamo-RamosThe close supervision of adolescents dramatically reduces the incidence of risky sexual behavior, drug and alcohol use, and other activities that could negatively affect one's health and well-being. Because of the strong correlation between parental monitoring and a child's welfare, social workers, psychologists, child development specialists, and other professionals who work with children now incorporate monitoring into their programs and practice. A definitive resource providing the best research and techniques for productive supervision within the home, this volume defines and develops the conceptual, methodological, and practical areas of parental monitoring and monitoring research, locating the right balance of closeness and supervision while also remaining sensitive to ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Assembled by leading experts on childrearing and healthy parent-child communication, Parental Monitoring of Adolescents identifies the conditions that best facilitate parental knowledge, ideal interventions for high-risk youth, and the factors that either help or hinder the monitoring of an adolescent's world. The volume also sets a course for future research, establishing a new framework that evaluates the nature and approach of monitoring within the parent-adolescent relationship and the particular social realities of everyday life.
Parental Psychiatric Disorder
by Reupert, Andrea and Maybery, Darryl and Nicholson, Joanne and Göpfert, Michael and Seeman, Mary V. Andrea Reupert Darryl Maybery Joanne Nicholson Michael Göpfert Mary V. SeemanParental Psychiatric Disorder presents an innovative approach to thinking about and working with families where a parent has a mental illness. With 30 new chapters from an internationally renowned author team, this new edition presents the current state of knowledge in this critically important field. Issues around prevalence, stigma and systems theory provide a foundation for the book, which offers new paradigms for understanding mental illness in families. The impact of various parental psychiatric disorders on children and family relationships are summarized, including coverage of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, substance abuse disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders and trauma. Multiple innovative interventions are outlined, targeting children, parents and families, as well as strategies that foster workforce and organisational development. Incorporating different theoretical frameworks, the book enhances understanding of the dimensions of psychiatric disorders from a multigenerational perspective, making this an invaluable text for students, researchers and clinicians from many mental health disciplines.
Parenthood and Immigration in Psychoanalysis: Shaping the Therapeutic Setting
by Marie Rose MoroThis book presents a comprehensive overview of psychoanalytic work with immigrant mothers, fathers, and their children, combining clinical examples and contemporary research to explore ways in which psychoanalysts can work and shape appropriate therapeutic settings. Written by an international range of contributors, from Europe, the US, and the Middle East, the chapters examine how psychoanalysts, especially when they too are immigrants, can best support those in a transcultural situation against the backdrop of increasing migration from conflict, persecution, war, or poverty. They share a clinical and societal commitment. While showing how the existing literature on immigration focuses rightly on traumatic elements, the chapters in this text also demonstrate how creativity must be considered while shaping a psychoanalytic perspective. The text brings together case material and research to illuminate how the therapeutic and theoretical processes of psychoanalysis, at times combining anthropology and sociology, can lead to the construction of new therapeutic settings mostly for non-Western families in contexts of higher psychopathological risks: neo-natal period, international adoption, and social isolation. Written in a practical, accessible style, Parenthood and Immigration in Psychoanalysis is essential reading for practicing psychoanalysts, paediatricians, psychotherapists, and counsellors, as well as researchers and clinicians in a range of fields, including perinatal, sociology, cultural studies, and social work.
Parenthood between Generations: Transforming Reproductive Cultures
by Siân Pooley Kaveri QureshiRecent literature has identified modern "parenting" as an expert-led practice-one which begins with pre-pregnancy decisions, entails distinct types of intimate relationships, places intense burdens on mothers and increasingly on fathers too. Exploring within diverse historical and global contexts how men and women make-and break-relations between generations when becoming parents, this volume brings together innovative qualitative research by anthropologists, historians, and sociologists. The chapters focus tightly on inter-generational transmission and demonstrate its importance for understanding how people become parents and rear children.
Parenting Across Cultures from Childhood to Adolescence: Development in Nine Countries
by Jennifer E. Lansford; W. Andrew Rothenberg; Marc H. BornsteinThis vital volume advances understanding of how parenting from childhood to adolescence changes or remains the same in a variety of sociodemographic, psychological, and cultural contexts, providing a truly global understanding of parenting across cultures. Through the Parenting Across Cultures project, the editors unveil findings from this hugely important comparative longitudinal study of parents and children in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. The volume offers insight into trajectories of parenting, exploring parents’ warmth, control, rules setting, and knowledge of children’s activities and whereabouts. Each chapter is authored by a contributor native to the country examined, guaranteeing an authentic emic perspective, and together the chapters provide a broader sample that is more generalizable to a wider range of the world’s population than is typical in most parenting research. Parenting Across Cultures From Childhood to Adolescence is essential reading for researchers and students of parenting, psychology, human development, family studies, sociology, and cultural anthropology, as well as professionals working with families.
Parenting Across the Autism Spectrum: Unexpected Lessons We Have Learned
by Ann Palmer Maureen MorrellMaureen F. Morrell and Ann Palmer are raising two very different children: Justin, a whirlwind of activity and mood swings, who is supervised in a residential farm community, and Eric, quiet and passive, who lives independently at college. The authors give an account of the striking similarities as well as the stark differences in their experiences of parenting children at opposite extremes of the autism spectrum. The two mothers speak openly about their children's diagnosis and early childhood through to adolescence, young adulthood and the day they leave home. They give a moving account of the challenges they faced and the surprising consolations they found along their sons' very different paths in life. Through their friendship and two decades of shared experiences of parenting an ASD child, each has gained a clear understanding of her own strengths and limitations, as well as those of her child. Parenting Across the Autism Spectrum offers a personal perspective and practical guidance for parents at the start of their journey with autism, especially those whose children are newly diagnosed. It also provides useful insights for professionals working with individuals across the autism spectrum and their families. The book was elected the 2007 Autism Society of America's Outstanding Literary Work of the Year.
Parenting After the Century of the Child: Travelling Ideals, Institutional Negotiations and Individual Responses
by Tatjana ThelenBridging the gap between studies orientated around parenthood and those on the ’globalization’ of childhood, Parenting After the Century of the Child provides a timely intervention to the scholarship. It explores in depth negotiations of travelling ideals on childhood, showing the power of institutional implementations that affect parenting practices. Drawing on the latest research conducted in Europe, North and South America, Africa, and South East Asia, this book examines ideas currently travelling across the globe within institutional settings, providing new insights into the dynamics and ambivalences involved in the simultaneous reframing of childhood and parenthood. This truly global volume will appeal to anthropologists and sociologists with interests in gender, childhood studies and the sociology of the family.
Parenting Beyond Pink & Blue: How to Raise Your Kids Free of Gender Stereotypes
by Christia Spears BrownA guide that helps parents focus on their children's unique strengths and inclinations rather than on gendered stereotypes to more effectively bring out the best in their individual children, for parents of infants to middle schoolers. Reliance on Gendered Stereotypes Negatively Impacts KidsStudies on gender and child development show that, on average, parents talk less to baby boys and are less likely to use numbers when speaking to little girls. Without meaning to, we constantly color-code children, segregating them by gender based on their presumed interests. Our social dependence on these norms has far-reaching effects, such as leading girls to dislike math or increasing aggression in boys.In this practical guide, developmental psychologist (and mother of two) Christia Spears Brown uses science-based research to show how over-dependence on gender can limit kids, making it harder for them to develop into unique individuals. With a humorous, fresh, and accessible perspective, Parenting Beyond Pink & Blueaddresses all the issues that contemporary parents should consider--from gender-segregated birthday parties and schools to sports, sexualization, and emotional intelligence. This guide empowers parents to help kids break out of pink and blue boxes to become their authentic selves.
Parenting Culture Studies
by Jennie Bristow Jan Macvarish Ellie Lee Charlotte FairclothNow in its second edition, Parenting Culture Studies seeks to understand how parenting is taken as a particular mode of childrearing that reflects broader social trends. Ten years after the initial volume's groundbreaking publication, the authors once again closely examine how the main aspects of parenting have been established, explored, and critically evaluated. Chapters revisit phenomena such as intensive parenting and politics around parenting, as well as controversial issues including policing pregnant women's bodies and parental determinism. In addition to updates throughout the volume, including those addressing literature that has built from the book’s original publication, the book features a new third part discussing parents dealing with risk assessment, school closures, contradictory care arrangements, and vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Parenting Cyber-Risk: Opportunities and Challenges Raising Children with Digital Environments (Routledge Studies in Crime, Justice and the Family)
by Michael Adorjan Rosemary RicciardelliOn the back of their last book, Cyber-risk and Youth, and building on a new research project, Adorjan and Ricciardelli marshal current research to explore parenting in the digital age.Utilizing 70 original interviews from rural and urban area Canadian parents, the book provides an overview of research on “digital parenting” and illuminates the modern parental experience of managing children’s access to internet-connected technologies. The book explores parents’ experiences with cyberbullying and nonconsensual sexting, as well as concerns over breaches of privacy, screen time and internet addiction. It also investigates parents’ views regarding effective and ineffective strategies in mediation of technology and cyber-risk, including new directions such as restorative practices intended as a response to online conflict and harm. While framing their discussions among sociological theories, Adorjan and Ricciardelli also deliberately emphasize the gendered nature of the book’s discourses and encourage critical reflection of various online surveillance technologies, often marketed to mothers, to keep children safe.As such, Parenting Cyber-Risk is a standout research monograph which not only offers broad insight into 21st-century parenting challenges but also offers solutions. The book will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying criminology, sociology and any other related fields.
Parenting Empires: Class, Whiteness, and the Moral Economy of Privilege in Latin America
by Ana Yolanda Ramos-ZayasIn Parenting Empires, Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas focuses on the parenting practices of Latin American urban elites to analyze how everyday experiences of whiteness, privilege, and inequality reinforce national and hemispheric idioms of anti-corruption and austerity. Ramos-Zayas shows that for upper-class residents in the affluent neighborhoods of Ipanema (Rio de Janeiro) and El Condado (San Juan), parenting is particularly effective in providing moral grounding for neoliberal projects that disadvantage the overwhelmingly poor and racialized people who care for and teach their children. Wealthy parents in Ipanema and El Condado cultivate a liberal cosmopolitanism by living in multicultural city neighborhoods rather than gated suburban communities. Yet as Ramos-Zayas reveals, their parenting strategies, which stress spirituality, empathy, and equality, allow them to preserve and reproduce their white privilege. Defining this moral economy as “parenting empires,” she sheds light on how child-rearing practices permit urban elites in the Global South to sustain and profit from entrenched social and racial hierarchies.
Parenting Teen Boys: A Positive Parenting Approach to Raising Healthy, Independent Sons
by Marissa Garcia SoriaRaise a resilient son with positive parenting Teen boys face a lot of unique struggles, especially these days, and figuring out how to guide them can sometimes be challenging. Enter Parenting Teen Boys. This book includes advice based on positive parenting principles that will help you support and connect with your son during this important time in your lives.What sets this book on parenting teens apart from other teen boy books:Become a positive parent—Learn how to communicate with your son and help him explore his strengths as you reframe challenges into opportunities for growth and acceptance.Learn all about teen boys—Read up on the history of teen boys and take a look at the unique challenges they face today so you can understand what your son is going through.Be an "emotion coach"—Learn how to handle social or behavioral issues by truly understanding their root causes and helping your son navigate his feelings.Discover how to parent in a way that nourishes the relationship between you and your son with this book for teen boys.
Parenting Trans and Non-binary Children: Exploring Practices of Love, Support, and Everyday Advocacy
by Magdalena MikulakBased on interviews conducted with parents of trans and gender diverse children in the UK, this book presents an account and analysis of the love, support, and advocacy involved in parenting trans and gender diverse children. Mikulak explores how parents negotiate and challenge cis-normativity to make familial, educational, and healthcare settings livable for their trans and gender diverse children. By examining the educational and emotional labor that parents perform as they advocate for their children across these different settings, the book highlights the value of parental expertise and labor while calling out the systemic failures that continue to make this work necessary. This research will be of interest to scholars researching family studies, kinship studies, gender studies, and queer studies.
Parenting Your LGBTQ+ Teen: A Guide to Supporting, Empowering, and Connecting with Your Child
by Allan Sadac MBA, LMFTRaise your LGBTQ+ teen with compassion and confidenceParenting teens can be a nerve-wracking experience, and raising an LGBTQ+ teen can present even more questions. This book is filled with guidance, exercises, and inspiration to help you create a nurturing and affirming environment for your teen. You'll discover how to tackle common parenting issues, learn about the LGBTQ+ experience, and gain the confidence and tools to support and empower your teen.Understand your teen—Learn why parenting teens can be so tricky, what important LGBTQ+ terms mean, answers to common questions, and what may be in store for your LGBTQ+ teen.Encourage dialogue—Get tips for sparking important conversations around key topics like mental health, bullying, sex and relationships, gender identity and expression, and more.Explore relatable stories—Discover anecdotes about parents and teens across the LGBTQ+ spectrum so you can gain new perspectives on sexual orientation and gender identity.Understand and connect with your LGBTQ+ teen—and help them truly thrive—with this guide for parents.
Parenting Your Transgender Teen: Positive Parenting Strategies for Raising Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender Nonconforming Teens
by Andrew Maxwell TriskaLove and support your transgender teen You're probably reading this because your teenager shared something important about themselves. You want to be supportive, but what does "supportive" mean to transgender, nonbinary, or gender nonconforming teens? This parenting book provides positive parenting tools to support your teen on their journey of self-discovery plus strategies to help you build a stronger relationship with them.What sets this love-centered parenting book apart from other books on parenting teens:Learn—Read about trans identity and learn how gender has been studied throughout history to help you put your child's gender identity into context.Communicate—Show your teen you care by learning the terms used to describe gender identity and how to talk to them about their experiences in accurate and affirming ways.Support—Discover ways you can support your teens' gender expression, like helping them find clothes that fit or taking them to a gender-affirming salon.Advocate—Learn how to talk about your teen's gender to friends and family, how to support your child in school, and the laws that protect trans people from discrimination and harassment.There's a world of information and support out there for you and your teen, and by picking up this book you're taking the first step.
Parenting across the Life Span: Biosocial Dimensions (Foundations Of Human Behavior Ser.)
by Jeanne AltmannResearch on parenting through the life course has developed around two separate approaches. Evolutionary biology provides fresh perspectives from life history theory using behavioral ecology and parental investment theory. At the same time, the social and behavioral sciences integrates research from long-term studies of individual development and from the collection of life histories.This path-breaking book advances evolutionary, life history research by integrating perspectives of these two approaches into a biosocial science of the life course. It examines parenthood as a commitment extending throughout life and focuses on the impact on parental and child behavior of changes in the timing, distribution, and intensity of parental investment. This perspective is particularly appropriate for research on parenting since the family is the universal human institution within which the bearing and rearing of children has been based and which transmits traditions, beliefs, and values to the young.
Parenting and Couple Relationships Among LGBTQ+ People in Diverse Contexts
by Normanda Araujo de Morais Fabio Scorsolini-Comin Elder Cerqueira-SantosThis book analyzes how the increasing number of same-sex couples is changing the traditional concepts of family and parenthood, and how these changes affect the psychological studies of family, couple relationships and human development. The majority of chapters included in this contributed volume present results of research conducted with LGBTQ+ people in Brazil, a country where same-sex couples have been recognized by the national legislation since 2011, but is currently facing a conservative wave which threatens much of the victories gained by the LGBTQ+ movement in recent years. That’s why this book aims to provide both updated theoretical and methodological contributions as well as ethically and political engaged reflections to the field of psychological studies of LGBTQ+ parenting and couple relationships. Chapters in this volume analyze different aspects of LGBTQ+ parenting and couple relationships, such as changes in the concept of family; the role of the family of origin in the coming out process of young adults; risk and protective factors in couple relationships between lesbians and gay men; vulnerabilities experienced by trans couples during the COVID-19 pandemic; how lesbians, gays, trans and non-binaries are approaching parenting and raising their families; factors that shape the reproductive decisions of LGBTQ+ individuals; adoption and coparenting in families composed of gay and lesbian couples, among other topics. Parenting and Couple Relationships Among LGBTQ+ People in Diverse Contexts will be of interest to social, developmental and family psychologists and social workers researching and working with same-sex couples and families, and with the LGBTQ+ population in general.