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Population Dynamics in Eastern India and Bangladesh: Demographic, Health and Developmental Issues
by Aparajita Chattopadhyay Saswata GhoshThis book highlights historical and current perspectives on population issues in the Bengali-speaking states of India (i.e., West Bengal, Tripura, Assam) and Bangladesh and explores three core population dynamics: fertility, mortality–morbidity and development. Furthermore, it presents a selection of revealing cases from area-specific micro-studies, mainly conducted in West Bengal and Bangladesh. The book covers various demographic and health issues in these two regions, which are similar in terms of several sociocultural aspects, yet dissimilar in terms of their policies and programs. Adopting an integrated approach that combines various disciplines and perspectives, it explores highly topical issues such as social inequality, religious difference and mental health. The book is intended for a broad readership interested in population studies, sociology and development, including academics, researchers, planners and policymakers.
Population Dynamics in Muslim Countries
by Alfonso Sousa-Poza Hans GrothThe book discusses the demographic changes in Muslim countries. It thereby focuses on topics such as the demographic dividend and the demographic transition, labour market challenges, health care, universal education and gender issues. These challenges are addressed at a country level and include policy implications for the large majority of the Muslim countries covered in this book. Moreover, political consequences for Europe with respect to the integration of Muslims are presented to the reader.
Population Dynamics in the Mediterranean: A Demographic Convergence? (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Elena Ambrosetti Isabelle Blöss-Widmer Sébastien Oliveau Yoann DoignonThis open access book makes a comparative overview of the demographic evolution of the Mediterranean populations. It addresses all the demographic issues since 1950 such as fertility, mortality, growth, demographic aging, and the age structure of the population. The book discusses the major demographic changes and its consequences for the Mediterranean region and describes the socio-economic and societal opportunities such as the silver economy, improvement in health of the population, and progress in education. By providing insights into the past demographic evolutions and analyzing the most recent indicators, this book constitutes an essential reference work for those who wish to better understand the major transformations that Mediterranean societies are undergoing.
Population Geography: A Systematic Exposition
by Mohammad Izhar HassanThis book studies the origins and development of population geography as a discipline. It explores the key concepts, tools and statistical and demographic techniques that are widely employed in the analysis of population. The chapters in this book: Provide a comprehensive geographical account of population attributes in the world, with a particular focus on India; Study the three major components of population change – fertility, mortality and migration – that have remained somewhat neglected in the study of human geography so far; Examine the salient social, demographic and economic characteristics of population, along with topics such as size, distribution and growth of population; Discuss major population theories, policies and population–development–environment interrelations, thus marking a significant departure from the traditional pattern-oriented approach. Well supplemented with figures, maps and tables, this key text will be an indispensable read for students, researchers and teachers of human geography, demography, anthropology, sociology, economics and population studies.
Population Geography: Progress And Prospects (Routledge Revivals)
by Michael PacioneFirst published in 1986, this book presents a comprehensive overview of the contemporary state of knowledge in the field of population geography. It discusses the contemporary state of the art and surveys new research developments and new thinking in the major branches of the subject. It thereby provides an introductory guide to contemporary trends and forms a reference point for future development in the subject.
Population Geography: Social Justice for a Sustainable World
by Heike C. Alberts Helen D. Hazen Kazimierz J. ZaniewskiPopulation Geography: Social Justice for a Sustainable World surveys the ways in which geographic approaches may be applied to population issues, exploring how human populations are embedded in natural and social environments. It encourages students to evaluate population issues critically, given that population topics are at the heart of many of today’s most contentious subjects. Through introducing students to different lenses of analysis (ecological, economic, and social equity), the authors ask students to consider how different perspectives can lead to different conclusions on the same issue. Identifying and tackling today’s population problems therefore requires an understanding of these diverging, and sometimes conflicting, perspectives. The text covers all the key background information critical to any book on population geography (population size, distribution, and composition; fertility, mortality, and migration; population and resources) but also pushes students to think critically about the materials they have covered using the perspectives of sustainability and social justice. In this way, students move beyond simple fact learning toward higher-level skills such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of materials. This textbook will be a valuable resource for students of human geography, population geography, demography, and diaspora studies.
Population Growth In Latin America And U.S. National Security (Routledge Library Editions: Demography #11)
by John SaundersOriginally published in 1986, this volume deals with both population growth in Latin America and the possible consequences of this growth for the security of the USA. The text analyses the demographic dimensions of the phenomenon and then considers the consequences for US security. It was the first time that the interrelations between national security and population growth were systematically analyzed. The book predicts the raid population growth would have serious economic, social and strategic implications for the USA and rightly predicts the adoption of draconian measures to stem the flow of illegal migrants. Although some aspects of the political landscape have changed since original publication the issue of migration to the USA from Latin America has lost none of its relevance.
Population Growth and Levels of Consumption: With Special Reference to Countries in Asia (Routledge Library Editions: Demography #1)
by Belshaw HoraceOriginally published in 1956, this book considers the practical problems of economic development in countries in which the prevailing outlook and a recent or probable increase in population growth make it difficult to escape from a ‘Malthusian situation.’ This book develops a valuable analytical apparatus with which it then examines the problems of capital formation, investment, economies of scale and the effective supply of labour, all in relation to population growth. Social, institutional and cultural factors are integrated with the economic.
Population Growth and Sustainable Transport in China (Population, Regional Development and Transport)
by Pengjun Zhao Dandan YuanThis book discusses the links between population growth, migration and the transport system in China. It first reviews the theories concerning the relationship between population growth, distribution and transport systems from an international perspective and then analyses the history of and changes in population growth, population migration, urbanisation and population spatial distribution in China by using multiple data sources, including the census, China Family Panel Studies data, China Migrants Panel Studies data and mobile phone data. Thirdly, it explores the effects of population growth and migration on transport infrastructures and services in terms of planning, investments, development, operation and management. The book also evaluates the features, strengths and weaknesses of various population policies on the basis of their impacts on transport, birth control, the hukou system, the migration management system and the policies designed to limit the growth of large cities and encourage the growth of small cities. Further, it addresses transport policies in the context of their capacity to meet people’s mobility and accessibility needs and other factors, including energy consumption, environment pollution and regional development inequalities. Examining the trends in population distribution and their influences on transport, such as an increase in urban agglomeration and mega city regions in the east of China and population shrinkage in the cities and regions in northeast and west China, it also investigates the new trends of rural migration and population movement during the Spring Festival and other public holidays and the challenges of these new trends for transport system. Lastly, the book discusses future directions and challenges, sustainable population and transport policies and proposes population-oriented transport strategies and accessibility-based population distribution policies. Relevant to China and other developing countries, the book is a valuable resource for scholars interested in population studies, sustainable transportation, regional planning and development and environmental policy.
Population Growth: The Vital Revolution
by Ronald FreedmanThe population of the modern world continues to grow at a rate unprecedented in human history. How are we to explain this massive increase in the number of living people? What is its consequence, now and for the future? How have populations changed in size and structure since the advent of industrial technology? Can we predict the population trends in developing countries? These and many other significant questions are dealt with in a persuasive yet accessible manner in Ronald Freedman's pivotal "Population Growth".Modern population trends are unique in historical perspective; describing them as part of a "vital revolution" is not an exaggeration. The more popular term "population explosion" is less accurate because it refers to only one aspect of the current situation - the unprecedented growth rates. In the last two centuries other important trends have developed, also without precedent in all of the previous millennia of human history. While the size of population growth is very important in itself, the essays in this volume demonstrate that many other aspects of structure and change in populations are equally important.In readable, non-technical language, these collected essays analyze the most important modern trends in world population. The essays include comprehensive discussions of population theory, analyses of population trends, and prospects in the United States and surveys of population trends in other major areas of the world. As a survey of current population problems, this book will be a library staple for those involved in international development programs, sociologists, family planning workers, and everyone concerned with the contemporary vital revolution in population.
Population Health and the Future of Healthcare
by Richard K. ThomasStarting with a working definition, this comprehensive work defines the attributes of the population health model. It clarifies what population health is and is not. It discusses health disparities and the social determinants of health and illness and provides new ways of moving forward towards a more sustainable healthcare model in a changing society, thereby pointing out the importance of multi-sector collaboration for collective impact for community health improvement. The book takes this further by providing sources of data to support the population health model. As such, this book provides a must-read for students and anyone working, teaching or consulting in population healthcare.
Population Health in America (Sociology in the Twenty-First Century #5)
by Robert A. Hummer Erin R. HamiltonIn this engaging and accessibly written book, Population Health in America weaves demographic data with social theory and research to help students understand health patterns and trends in the U.S. population. While life expectancy was estimated to be just 37 years in the United States in 1870, today it is more than twice as long, at over 78 years. Yet today, life expectancy in the U.S. lags behind almost all other wealthy countries. Within the U.S., there are substantial social inequalities in health and mortality: women live longer but less healthier lives than men; African Americans and Native Americans live far shorter lives than Asian Americans and White Americans; and socioeconomic inequalities in health have been widening over the past 20 years. What accounts for these population health patterns and trends? Inviting students to delve into population health trends and disparities, demographers Robert Hummer and Erin Hamilton provide an easily understandable historical and contemporary portrait of U.S. population health. Perfect for courses such as population health, medical or health sociology, social epidemiology, health disparities, demography, and others, as well as for academic researchers and lay persons interested in better understanding the overall health of the country, Population Health in America also challenges students, academics, and the public to understand current health policy priorities and to ask whether considerably different directions are needed.
Population Health: An Introduction (Springer Texts in Social Sciences)
by Richard K. ThomasThis book provides a basic understanding and concise overview of the nature of population health, the factors that make a new paradigm necessary, and the attributes associated with this unique approach to community health improvement. Written in a very accessible way, the book describes the definition of population health, the attributes of population health, and what population health is and is not. It emphasizes the extent to which the population health model revolutionizes the approach to community health improvement within a contemporary context, beginning with a redefining of such common concepts as “health”, “healthcare”, “health status”, and “health needs assessment”. As such, this book is a valuable read for practitioners and professionals who need to be familiar with the population health approach but are not likely to try to implement it.
Population Levels, Trends, and Differentials: More Important Population Matters
by Joseph ChamieThis book is a broad collection of short and concise chapters addressing important issues relating to population levels, trends, and differentials. In addition to traditional population concerns, such as growth, composition, fertility, mortality, and migration, the articles address a broad range of related issues, including climate change, environmental degradation, socio-economic development, and policy development. The articles are concise, focused on specific issues, and presented in a style that avoids technical jargon and is easily understood by a broad range of readers. The articles are not only aimed at conveying population information, but also providing important messages for informed policy formulation and program implementation. Among the many issues addressed are human rights, laws, women, gender, climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, ageing, retirement, and abortion. Written in an accessible way, the book will appeal to many general readers wishing to know more about population issues.
Population Mental Health: Evidence, Policy, and Public Health Practice
by Sandro Galea Neal CohenFirst Published in 2012. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Population Mobility and Indigenous Peoples in Australasia and North America (Routledge Research in Population and Migration)
by John Taylor Martin BellThis book draws together relevant research findings to produce the first comprehensive overview of Indigenous peoples' mobility. Chapters draw from a range of disciplinary sources, and from a diversity of regions and nation-states. Within nations, mobility is the key determinant of local population change, with implications for service delivery, needs assessment, and governance. Mobility also provides a key indicator of social and economic transformation. As such, it informs both social theory and policy debate. For much of the twentieth century conventional wisdom anticipated the steady convergence of socio-demographic trends, seeing this as an inevitable concomitant of the development process. However, the patterns and trends in population movement observed in this book suggest otherwise, and provide a forceful manifestation of changing race relations in these new world settings.
Population Mobility, Urban Planning and Management in China
by Tai-Chee Wong Sun Sheng Han Hongmei ZhangThis volume contains essays that examine contemporary urban and regional planning and development in China. Through in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis, it provides insights into the urban policies and operational mechanisms of this colossal transitional economy which has presented unprecedented challenges and dynamics. Inside, readers will discover the causes and consequences of rapid urbanization that have led to a series of environmental, economic and social planning and management measures designed to achieve quality urban living. The essays also detail efforts in adopting the latest options in city building such as specific urban planning approaches in developing large city regions, building cities without slums, constructing new townships and green urbanism, including eco-city and sustainable transport. In addition, coverage explores financial management and support as a means to encourage urbanization and urban economic growth in less-developed regions. Overall, the volume offers a wealth of concrete, detailed information on conditions in different regions of China and features an extensive range of content, methods and theory. It provides readers with a comprehensive portrait of the chain relationship between rapid urbanization, spatial planning and management throughout the country. The book will serve as a useful reference for national and international consultancy services doing business or serving public interest in China. It will also be of interest to an international audience seeking a better understanding of urban development and planning in China, including university teachers, students, government agencies and general readers.
Population Movements and the Third World (Routledge Introductions to Development)
by Mike ParnwellThe interrelationship between migration and development is complex. The causes of migration stem from the uneveness of the development process and the effects exert a powerful influence on the pattern and process of development. This volume explores both the concepts and facts behind the main forms of population movement in the third world today, particularly rural-urban migration. Examining the causes and consequences of migration, the author assesses the implications for planning and policy-makers.
Population Persistence and Migration in Rural New York, 1855-1860 (Routledge Library Editions: Rural History #4)
by David Paul DavenportThis title, first published in 1989, explores the population change in America during the 1800s by closely examining frontier settlement, urbanisation, and depopulation and emigration from rural areas of the north-eastern United States. Population Persistence and Migration in Rural New York, 1855-1860 will be of interest to students of history and human geography.
Population Policy and Reproduction in Singapore: Making Future Citizens (Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series)
by Shirley Hsiao-Li SunThis book examines the relationship between population policies and individual reproductive decisions in low-fertility contexts. Using the case study of Singapore, it demonstrates that the effectiveness of population policy is a function of competing notions of citizenship, and the gap between seemingly neutral policy incentives and the perceived and experienced disparate effects. Drawing on a substantial number of personal interviews and focus groups, the book analyzes the developmental welfare state’s overarching emphasis of citizen responsibility, and examines population policies that reinforce social inequalities and ignore cultural diversity. These factors combine to undermine elaborate state policy efforts in encouraging citizens’ biological reproduction. The book goes on to argue that in order to facilitate positive fertility decisions, the state needs to modify the “economic production at all cost” approach and pay much more attention to the importance of social rights. This suggests that the Singapore government might profitably approach the phenomenon of very low fertility with major initiatives similar to those of other advanced industrialized societies. This book offers a significant contribution to the literature on social policy, East Asian and Southeast Asian studies.
Population Politics: The Choices That Shape Our Future
by Virginia Abernethy Garrett HardinInternational efforts to regulate fertility rates so that populations do not grow beyond the earth's capacity have included technical assistance and capital; improved health care conditions to lower the risk of infant mortality; increased opportunities to develop literacy; the democratization of governments; and several decades of liberal immigration and refugee policies favoring third world nations. The persistence of high fertility despite international efforts confounds demographers. 'Population Politics' brilliantly dissects the paradigm responsible for the counterproductive efforts of nations and international agencies. Abernethy, a renowned anthropologist, shows why policies hamper the shift to lower fertility. Ireland, Indonesia, Cuba, China, Turkey and Egypt are but a few of the countries Abernethy examines, showing how economic, sociocultural, and agricultural factors that have caused population growth can be harnessed to stabilize population size. 'Population Politics' is a provocative examination of the influence of aid and liberal immigration policies on world population growth, and often counterproductive to the role of the United States as an industrial power. This volume's uniquely interdisciplinary perspective will enlighten the lay reader, as well as demographers and epidemiologists, conservationists, reproduction and family specialists, agricultural economists, and public health personnel. Virginia D. Abernethy is professor emeritus of psychiatry (anthropology) at Vanderbilt Medical School and was for 11 years the editor of the scholarly journal 'Population and Environment. Garrett Hardin is emeritus professor of human ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences and the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Population Pressure and Cultural Adjustment
by Virginia Deane AbernethyIntegrating research from anthropology, biology, and history, this provocative, brilliant book proposes a theory of demographic equilibrium. The author's hypothesis is that human beings, like many other species, are able to adjust their population numbers to the carrying capacity of the environment. Abernethy points out that in response to perception of scarcity or abundance of resources, culturally mediated values, beliefs and behavioral patterns are modified in ways that can either raise or lower rates of population growth. Abernethy in this way moves beyond the ideological debates that have sundered the field of policy and population. In real world time and space, cultural adjustments that balance population and resources are made over a long stretch in relatively stable or known environments. These adjustments also operate in processes that involve technological advances that appear to increase carrying capacity, and these usually act to support and underwrite population growth in any given area. In her new introduction to this first paperback edition, Abernethy shows how many of the cultural changes the book predicted in 1979 have come to pass. She details a complex of behaviors that favor single life-styles or small family size that have contributed to low fertility rates among native-born Americans while fertility rates among immigrants continue to climb. Population Pressure and Cultural Adjustment is not simply a theoretical slogan, but discusses a rich set of different cultural situations where this homeostatic process has been disrupted or aborted. Often, disruption occurs after the infusion of foreign value systems as well as new forms of technological innovation, or when highly permeable social boundaries result in the importation of resources for which the limits and consequences are not fully appreciated by the host population. This work will inevitably be controversial because of its implications for the limits as well as the potential of public policy in both advanced and underdeveloped societies.
Population Problems: Topical Issues (Environmental Topics Ser. #Vol. 8)
by J. RoseThe effects of the rapidly expanding human population on the environment and the planet's future is a matter of increasing concern and lively debate. This timely collection of essays discusses some of the most important aspects of the population growth phenomenon and offers potential solutions. Chapters analyse population dynamics, carrying capacity of the environment, water and food supply, effects on tribal societies, and the AIDS pandemic.
Population Reconstruction
by Gerrit Bloothooft Peter Christen Kees Mandemakers Marijn SchraagenThis book addresses the problems that are encountered, and solutions that have been proposed, when we aim to identify people and to reconstruct populations under conditions where information is scarce, ambiguous, fuzzy and sometimes erroneous. The process from handwritten registers to a reconstructed digitized population consists of three major phases, reflected in the three main sections of this book. The first phase involves transcribing and digitizing the data while structuring the information in a meaningful and efficient way. In the second phase, records that refer to the same person or group of persons are identified by a process of linkage. In the third and final phase, the information on an individual is combined into a reconstruction of their life course. The studies and examples in this book originate from a range of countries, each with its own cultural and administrative characteristics, and from medieval charters through historical censuses and vital registration, to the modern issue of privacy preservation. Despite the diverse places and times addressed, they all share the study of fundamental issues when it comes to model reasoning for population reconstruction and the possibilities and limitations of information technology to support this process. It is thus not a single discipline that is involved in such an endeavor. Historians, social scientists, and linguists represent the humanities through their knowledge of the complexity of the past, the limitations of sources, and the possible interpretations of information. The availability of big data from digitized archives and the need for complex analyses to identify individuals calls for the involvement of computer scientists. With contributions from all these fields, often in direct cooperation, this book is at the heart of the digital humanities, and will hopefully offer a source of inspiration for future investigations.
Population Registers and Privacy in Britain, 1936—1984
by Kevin MantonThis book examines the fraught political relationship between British governments, which wanted information about peoples’ lives, and the people who desired privacy. To do this it looks at something that Britain only experienced in wartime, a centralized and up-to-date list of everyone in the country: a population register. The abolition of this wartime system is contrasted with later attempts to reintroduce registration, and the change in the political mind-set driving these later schemes to develop centralised webs of so-called objective data is examined. These policies were confronted by privacy campaigns, studied here, but it is shown how government responses succeeded in turning political debates about data into technical discussions about computerization; thus protecting its data, largely on paper, from oversight. This reformulation also shaped the 1984 Data Protection Act, which consequently did not protect privacy but rather increased government’s ability to gain knowledge of, and hence power over, the people.