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Privacy in the Republic
by Andrew RobertsThis book rethinks the idea of privacy. It argues that a satisfactory account of privacy should not limit itself to identifying why privacy might be valuable. It also needs to attend to the further question of how it can be secured in those circumstances in which it proves to be valuable. Drawing on republican ideas about the relationship between freedom and self-government, the book asserts that privacy is valuable, because it enables us to lead non-dominated lives. It prevents others from acquiring power to interfere in our choices – to remove options that would otherwise be available to us, and to manipulate our decision-making. It further examines the means through which citizens might exercise effective control over decisions and actions that affect their privacy and proposes a democratic theory of privacy. With the emergence of the ‘surveillance state,’ this volume will be indispensable for scholars, students, and researchers in political theory, political philosophy, law, and human and civil rights. It will be of particular interest to policymakers, lawyers, and human rights activists.
Privacy is Power: Why and How You Should Take Back Control of Your Data
by Carissa VelizAn Economist Book of the Year Every minute of every day, our data is harvested and exploited… It is time to pull the plug on the surveillance economy. Governments and hundreds of corporations are spying on you, and everyone you know. They're not just selling your data. They're selling the power to influence you and decide for you. Even when you've explicitly asked them not to. Reclaiming privacy is the only way we can regain control of our lives and our societies. These governments and corporations have too much power, and their power stems from us--from our data. Privacy is as collective as it is personal, and it's time to take back control. Privacy Is Power tells you how to do exactly that. It calls for the end of the data economy and proposes concrete measures to bring that end about, offering practical solutions, both for policymakers and ordinary citizens.
Privacy, Security And Forensics in The Internet of Things (IoT)
by Ian Mitchell Reza Montasari Fiona Carroll Sukhvinder Hara Rachel Bolton-KingThis book provides the most recent security, privacy, technical and legal challenges in the IoT environments. This book offers a wide range of theoretical and technical solutions to address these challenges. Topics covered in this book include; IoT, privacy, ethics and security, the use of machine learning algorithms in classifying malicious websites, investigation of cases involving cryptocurrency, the challenges police and law enforcement face in policing cyberspace, the use of the IoT in modern terrorism and violent extremism, the challenges of the IoT in view of industrial control systems, and the impact of social media platforms on radicalisation to terrorism and violent extremism.This book also focuses on the ethical design of the IoT and the large volumes of data being collected and processed in an attempt to understand individuals’ perceptions of data and trust. A particular emphasis is placed on data ownership and perceived rights online. It examines cyber security challenges associated with the IoT, by making use of Industrial Control Systems, using an example with practical real-time considerations. Furthermore, this book compares and analyses different machine learning techniques, i.e., Gaussian Process Classification, Decision Tree Classification, and Support Vector Classification, based on their ability to learn and detect the attributes of malicious web applications. The data is subjected to multiple steps of pre-processing including; data formatting, missing value replacement, scaling and principal component analysis. This book has a multidisciplinary approach. Researchers working within security, privacy, technical and legal challenges in the IoT environments and advanced-level students majoring in computer science will find this book useful as a reference. Professionals working within this related field will also want to purchase this book.
Privacy, Technology, and the Criminal Process (New Advances in Crime and Social Harm)
by Andrew Roberts, Joe Purshouse, and Jason BoslandThis collection considers the implications for privacy of the utilisation of new technologies in the criminal process. In most modern liberal democratic states, privacy is considered a basic right. Many national constitutions, and almost all international human rights instruments, include some guarantee of privacy. Yet privacy interests appear to have had relatively little influence on criminal justice policy making. The threat that technology poses to these interests demands critical re-evaluation of current law, policy, and practice. This is provided by the contributions to this volume. They offer legal, criminological, philosophical and comparative perspectives. The book will be of interest to legal and criminological scholars and postgraduate students. Its interdisciplinary methodology and focus on the intersection between law and technology make it also relevant for philosophers, and those interested in science and technology studies.
Privat – öffentlich – politisch: Gesellschaftstheorien in feministischer Perspektive (Gesellschaftstheorien und Gender)
by Heike Kahlert Günter Burkart Nina Degele Diana CicheckiDieser Band bringt ausgewählte Theorien – Gesellschaftstheorien und einflussreiche soziologische Zeitdiagnosen – in einen Dialog mit der feministischen Debatte zum Spannungsverhältnis von privat und öffentlich.Die Begrifflichkeiten öffentlich und privat sind ein eng mit den Geschlechterverhältnissen assoziiertes Ordnungsprinzip gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung und damit hochpolitisch. Der Fokus dieses Bandes liegt auf der Frage, welche Bedeutung dieser Unterscheidung heute noch zukommt – in einer Zeit, in der viel von Grenzauflösungen die Rede ist und damit oft auch eine Auflösung der beiden Sphären gemeint ist. Es ist ein erster Schritt in Richtung eines zeitdiagnostischen Entwurfs, in dem die Unterscheidung zwischen öffentlich und privat, deren Zusammenhang mit Geschlecht und Gesellschaft und deren politische Brisanz im Zentrum des Interesses stehen. Die Auseinandersetzungen mit etablierten Theorien (u.a. von Arendt, Bourdieu, Foucault, Habermas sowie Kritische Theorie, Postcolonial Theory, Queer Theory) sind ausgerichtet am möglichen Ertrag für eine GeschlechterGesellschaftsTheorie, das heißt, für eine Gesellschaftstheorie, die Geschlechterverhältnisse nicht als empirische Variable, sondern als grundlegende Strukturkategorie behandelt, und die auf Veränderungen, die sich mit dem Bedeutungswandel von privat, öffentlich und politisch einstellen, angemessen reagieren kann.
Privat: Zwischen Überwachung und Profit
by Florian CoulmasSteht „privat“ für einen Wert der Vergangenheit? Dieses Buch beleuchtet Privatheit aus politischer, rechtlicher, philosophischer und kulturgeschichtlicher Sicht. Die verschiedenen Perspektiven – ein historischer Rückblick auf die Entstehung und Entwicklung des Begriffs in Europa, Vergleiche mit Entsprechungen anderer Kulturen, eine kritische Darstellung der gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung von Privatheit heute und eine Diskussion ihrer politischen und rechtlichen Dimensionen – sollen zum Verständnis beitragen, warum Privatheit Anlass zu Kontroversen gibt und um welche bzw. wessen Interessen es dabei geht.
Private Bodies, Public Texts: Race, Gender, and a Cultural Bioethics
by Karla Fc HollowayIn Private Bodies, Public Texts, Karla FC Holloway examines instances where medical issues and information that would usually be seen as intimate, private matters are forced into the public sphere. As she demonstrates, the resulting social dramas often play out on the bodies of women and African Americans. Holloway discusses the spectacle of the Terri Schiavo right-to-die case and the injustice of medical researchers' use of Henrietta Lacks's cell line without her or her family's knowledge or permission. She offers a provocative reading of the Tuskegee syphilis study and a haunting account of the ethical dilemmas that confronted physicians, patients, and families when a hospital became a space for dying rather than healing during Hurricane Katrina; even at that dire moment, race mattered. Private Bodies, Public Texts is a compelling call for a cultural bioethics that attends to the historical and social factors that render some populations more vulnerable than others in medical and legal contexts. Holloway proposes literature as a conceptual anchor for discussions of race, gender, bioethics, and the right to privacy. Literary narratives can accommodate thick description, multiple subjectivities, contradiction, and complexity.
Private Business and Economic Reform in China (Studies In Contemporary China)
by Susan YoungBased on Party and state documents, Chinese newspaper reports and surveys, the Chinese and Western scholarly literature and the author's own fieldwork, this important study examines the private sector as a case study of the mechanics of reform in China, emphasizing the relationships among local officials, private businesses, and central policy. The book traces the growth of private business in China since 1978 and focuses on the interaction between private sector policy and other reforms and examines how this has affected China's political economy.
Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives (Routledge Studies in Human Geography #Vol. 13)
by Chris Webster Georg Glasze Klaus FrantzFor the antagonist, private communities are icons of post-consensus, fragmenting civic society, enclosing and excluding by contractual constitution and sometimes by walls and gates. For others they are simply an efficient new way of organizing urban life. Contributed to, and edited by, an international team of leading authors, this revealing book constructs an interdisciplinary discourse on the global spread of private communities based upon empirical evidence. Case studies from the US, Latin America, the Middle East, Europe and China are used to explore local and global explanations of the phenomenon. Taking an institutionalist approach, this informative textbook for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers alike, develops a model in which cities are shaped by the interplay of local and global processes, and evolve at the interface of spontaneous and planned order. It draws together the various themes, propositions and hypotheses in a way that clarifies the questions by different social science perspectives and that poses researchable questions and new agendas.
Private Communities and Urban Governance
by Amnon LehaviThis book offers an interdisciplinary and comparative study of the complex interplay between private versus public forms of organization and governance in urban residential developments. Bringing together top experts from numerous disciplines, including law, economics, geography, political science, sociology, and planning, this book identifies the current trends in constructing the physical, economic, and social infrastructure of residential communities across the world. It challenges much of the conventional wisdom about the division of labor between market-driven private action and public policy in regulating residential developments and the urban space, and offers a new research agenda for dealing with the future of cities in the twenty-first century. It represents a unique ongoing academic dialogue between the members of an exceptional group of scholars, underscoring the essentially of an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the study of private communities and urban governance. As such, the book will appeal to a broad audience consisting of policy-makers, practitioners, scholars, and students across the world, especially in developing countries and transitional and emerging economies.
Private Confederacies: The Emotional Worlds of Southern Men as Citizens and Soldiers (Civil War America)
by James J. BroomallHow did the Civil War, emancipation, and Reconstruction shape the masculinity of white Confederate veterans? As James J. Broomall shows, the crisis of the war forced a reconfiguration of the emotional worlds of the men who took up arms for the South. Raised in an antebellum culture that demanded restraint and shaped white men to embrace self-reliant masculinity, Confederate soldiers lived and fought within military units where they experienced the traumatic strain of combat and its privations together--all the while being separated from suffering families. Military service provoked changes that escalated with the end of slavery and the Confederacy's military defeat. Returning to civilian life, Southern veterans questioned themselves as never before, sometimes suffering from terrible self-doubt. Drawing on personal letters and diaries, Broomall argues that the crisis of defeat ultimately necessitated new forms of expression between veterans and among men and women. On the one hand, war led men to express levels of emotionality and vulnerability previously assumed the domain of women. On the other hand, these men also embraced a virulent, martial masculinity that they wielded during Reconstruction and beyond to suppress freed peoples and restore white rule through paramilitary organizations and the Ku Klux Klan.
Private Development Aid in Europe
by Paul Hoebink Lau SchulpenThe authors present anoverview of private development aid in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the EU as a whole. They illustrate how private aid organisations receive support as well as the relations they have with their respective governments. "
Private Development Aid in Europe: Foreign Aid between the Public and the Private Domain (EADI Global Development Series)
by Paul HoebinkThe authors present an overview of private development aid in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the EU as a whole. They illustrate how private aid organisations receive support as well as the relations they have with their respective governments.
Private Dwelling: Contemplating the Use of Housing (Housing, Planning and Design Series)
by Peter KingHousing is something that is deeply personal to us. It offers us privacy and security and allows us to be intimate with those we are close to. This book considers the nature of privacy but also how we choose to share our dwelling. The book discusses the manner in which we talk about our housing, how it manifests and assuages our anxieties and desires and how it helps us come to terms with loss.Private Dwelling offers a deeply original take on housing. The book proceeds through a series of speculations, using philosophical analysis and critique, personal anecdote, film criticism, social and cultural theory and policy analysis to unpick the subjective nature of housing as a personal place where we can be sure of ourselves.
Private Enterprise-Led Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Human Side of Growth
by John KuadaPrivate Enterprise-Led Development in Sub-Saharan Africa provides a novel theoretical and conceptual model to guide research into Africa's economic development. It endorses the view that private enterprise-led growth will help reduce poverty since it strengthens individuals' capacity to care for themselves and their families.
Private Enterprises and China's Economic Development (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia)
by Xiaodong Zhu Shuanglin LinPrivate enterprises have contributed significantly to China's recent economic growth and will play a key role in achieving China's goal of building a comprehensively well-society. But how can private enterprises help China mitigate its macroeconomic problems such as unemployment, income inequality, financial disintermediation, and an unhealthy economic cycle? And what are the main obstacles to private enterprise development? Private Enterprises and China’s Economic Development answers these questions by identifying the range of cultural, political and financial challenges confronting China's private enterprises, and assessing their performance and potential. Contributors also analyse the experiences and lessons of other countries, and propose strategies and policies to help China promote private enterprise development. Using the most up to date research on private enterprises, including detailed econometric analysis and national representative data, authors including economists, policy-makers and academics from the USA, China, Singapore and Canada comprehensively address the most important aspects of China’s private enterprise development. As such this book will appeal to students, scholars and policy-makers alike with an interested in the Chinese economy, economic growth, comparative economics and transitional economics.
Private Equity Investing in Emerging Markets
by Roger Leeds Nadiya SatyamurthyIn Private Equity Investing in Emerging Markets, Roger Leeds illustrates how private equity is a tool uniquely suited to strengthening the value and performance of businesses in emerging market countries. Thus far underutilized in emerging markets, Leeds outlines how private equity can play a significantly larger role in the enhancement of both individual company performance and the private sector's overall contribution to economic growth and development. Drawing heavily on actual investor experiences, Leeds shows readers how the same inefficiencies and weaknesses that characterize business climates in emerging market countries also open the door to outsized opportunities for private equity investors. Informed by the author's nearly four decades as both a practitioner and academician working with private equity investors, entrepreneurs, and policymakers in over 100 developing countries, the book uses anecdotes and case studies to reinforce the key arguments for private equity investment in emerging economies. Among other illuminating examples and studies, Leeds provides detailed profiles of the private equity environment in China, Brazil, and Kenya. Private Equity Investing in Emerging Markets concludes by recommending specific actions by key stakeholders that would strengthen the future of private equity in emerging markets.
Private Equity and Financial Development in Latin America (Latin American Political Economy)
by Ignacio PuenteShallow capital markets are a key bottleneck for private sector development in Latin America. Still, there is not a large literature on capital markets and corporate governance, or on the politics of regulatory reform and business associations, focused on this region. To help address this gap, this new book introduces private equity into the financial development debate through a Latin American lens. The author looks at the cases of Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina. And proposes a shift in the financial development discussion from institutional explanations focused only on rules to an actor-based argument centered on the role of institutional investors, in particular pension funds .
Private Equity at Work: When Wall Street Manages Main Street
by Eileen Appelbaum Rosemary BattPrivate equity firms have long been at the center of public debates on the impact of the financial sector on Main Street companies. Are these firms financial innovators that save failing businesses or financial predators that bankrupt otherwise healthy companies and destroy jobs? The first comprehensive examination of this topic, Private Equity at Work provides a detailed yet accessible guide to this controversial business model. Economist Eileen Appelbaum and Professor Rosemary Batt carefully evaluate the evidence—including original case studies and interviews, legal documents, bankruptcy proceedings, media coverage, and existing academic scholarship—to demonstrate the effects of private equity on American businesses and workers. They document that while private equity firms have had positive effects on the operations and growth of small and mid-sized companies and in turning around failing companies, the interventions of private equity more often than not lead to significant negative consequences for many businesses and workers. Prior research on private equity has focused almost exclusively on the financial performance of private equity funds and the returns to their investors. Private Equity at Work provides a new roadmap to the largely hidden internal operations of these firms, showing how their business strategies disproportionately benefit the partners in private equity firms at the expense of other stakeholders and taxpayers. In the 1980s, leveraged buyouts by private equity firms saw high returns and were widely considered the solution to corporate wastefulness and mismanagement. And since 2000, nearly 11,500 companies—representing almost 8 million employees—have been purchased by private equity firms. As their role in the economy has increased, they have come under fire from labor unions and community advocates who argue that the proliferation of leveraged buyouts destroys jobs, causes wages to stagnate, saddles otherwise healthy companies with debt, and leads to subsidies from taxpayers. Appelbaum and Batt show that private equity firms’ financial strategies are designed to extract maximum value from the companies they buy and sell, often to the detriment of those companies and their employees and suppliers. Their risky decisions include buying companies and extracting dividends by loading them with high levels of debt and selling assets. These actions often lead to financial distress and a disproportionate focus on cost-cutting, outsourcing, and wage and benefit losses for workers, especially if they are unionized. Because the law views private equity firms as investors rather than employers, private equity owners are not held accountable for their actions in ways that public corporations are. And their actions are not transparent because private equity owned companies are not regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Thus, any debts or costs of bankruptcy incurred fall on businesses owned by private equity and their workers, not the private equity firms that govern them. For employees this often means loss of jobs, health and pension benefits, and retirement income. Appelbaum and Batt conclude with a set of policy recommendations intended to curb the negative effects of private equity while preserving its constructive role in the economy. These include policies to improve transparency and accountability, as well as changes that would reduce the excessive use of financial engineering strategies by firms. A groundbreaking analysis of a hotly contested business model, Private Equity at Work provides an unprecedented analysis of the little-understood inner workings of private equity and of the effects of leveraged buyouts on American companies and workers. This important new work will be a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and the informed public alike.
Private Foreign Aid: U.s. Philanthropy In Relief And Developlment
by Craig Smith Landrum R BollingOver the past 150 years, Americans have responded repeatedly to the needs of people in foreign lands, providing aid in times of natural disaster, in the wake of war, in the development of resources, in the eradication of disease and poverty and in the battle against hunger. This challenging task has been tackled again and again by churches, corpora
Private Higher Education and Inequalities in the Global South: Lessons from Africa, Latin America and Asia (Demographic Transformation and Socio-Economic Development #17)
by Etienne GérardBased on original findings from research carried out in six low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, this book brings together conceptual and empirical analyses of private higher education and social and academic inequality, a topic largely unexplored in the social science literature, particularly on private higher education. Field surveys of different categories of actors in numerous private universities have combined common methods and tools in countries chosen for the differences in their social structures and the characteristics, organization and development of their private higher education systems. Based on these qualitative surveys, combined with available quantitative data on higher education, this book analyzes the production and reproduction of social and academic inequalities in countries as diverse as Argentina, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal and Vietnam. Finally, the historical and social structuringof the private education systems in the selected countries provides the framework for analyses that go beyond the traditional higher education demand/supply and public policy approaches to explore the perspective of the actors – institutional administrators, teaching staff and students.
Private Honour and Noble Masculine Image in Early Modern England: Sir Robert Sidney and His Contemporaries (Routledge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture)
by Erika D'SouzaRobert Sidney, the first Earl of Leicester (1563–1626), serves as an exemplar of an Elizabethan nobleman who had in his collection a body of work pertinent to the subject of masculine honour in the private realm. Understanding the nuances and evolution of the term private honour as it is represented in Sidney’s artefacts, as well as in the public discourse of the era, is the work and contribution of this book. The permeability between the private and public spheres led to an emergence of new forms of masculine representation. In a time when manhood was intertwined with militaristic qualities (such as courage, strength and fortitude), my investigation shows that in the domestic sphere, a gentler version of masculinity, encouraging humility, constancy and modesty, was fostered amongst the nobility. While worries of effeminacy certainly existed, there also was a strong discourse that encourage men to adopt so-called feminine virtues within the private sphere.
Private Justice: Towards Integrated Theorising in the Sociology of Law (Routledge Revivals)
by Stuart HenryThis book, first published in 1983, looks at discipline in industry and shows how private justice is integrally bound up with formal law. It is a timely examination of the forms of social control that exist ostensibly outside the formal legal system but on which it crucially depends. Private Justice: Towards Integrated Theorising in the Sociology of Law will be of interest to students of law, sociology, and criminology. Dr. Stuart Henry is currently Professor and Director of the School of Public Affairs at San Diego State University where he has been since 2006. Since leaving Trent Polytechnic (now Nottingham Trent University) in 1983 he has held positions in the United States at Eastern Michigan University, Wayne State University, and the University of Texas at Arlington. He is the author or editor of 30 books and over 100 articles on crime, deviance and social control.
Private Lives in Public Places: Research-based Critique of Residential Life in Local Authority Old People's Homes
by Sheila Peace Leonie Kellaher Dianne WillcocksPublic Order and Private Lives is a radical examination of the political forces which shape the law and order debate in Britain. Mike Brake and Chris Hale provide a hard-hitting analysis of Conservative policies on Crime, showing that, ironically, Conservative policies have created the very social conditions in which crime has flourished. They argue that the government is undermining basic civil liberties by its increased use of legislation as a means of control and coercion.
Private Madhouses in England, 1640–1815: Commercialised Care for the Insane (Mental Health in Historical Perspective)
by Leonard SmithThis book examines the origins and early development of private mental health-care in England, showing that the current spectacle of commercially-based participation in key elements of service provision is no new phenomenon. In 1815, about seventy per cent of people institutionalised because of insanity were being kept in private ‘madhouses’. The opening four chapters detail the emergence of these madhouses and demonstrate their increasing presence in London and across the country during the long eighteenth century. Subsequent chapters deal with specific aspects in greater depth - the insane patients themselves, their characteristics, and the circumstances surrounding admissions; the madhouse proprietors, their business activities, personal attributes and professional qualifications or lack of them; changing treatment practices and the principles that informed them. Finally, the book explores conditions within the madhouses, which ranged from the relatively enlightened to the seriously defective, and reveals the experiences, concerns and protests of their many critics.