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Public Expenditure and Income Distribution in Malaysia (Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series)
by Mukaramah Harun Sze Ying LooThis book studies the impact of public expenditure allocations in achieving income equality goals in Malaysia. The book examines the initial functional and institutional distribution of income across different institutional agents and sectors and evaluates the impact of the public expenditure policies in reducing the inter-ethnic and rural–urban disparity. Since Malaysia has made enormous progress in eliminating poverty, the authors suggest that a change of emphasis in the public expenditure policy may now be called for. They present evidence on the importance of public expenditure in improving income inequality and examine the initial functional and institutional distribution of income across different institutional agents and sectors. The development of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model that presents both economic and social statistics in an economy can be served as a useful tool of this work. The SAM model is used to evaluate the impact of the public expenditure policies in reducing inter-ethnic and rural–urban disparity. A comprehensive source of information on how to deal with inequality economic challenges, the book will be of interest to economists and researchers on Southeast Asian Studies.
Public Faces, Secret Lives: A Queer History of the Women's Suffrage Movement
by Wendy L. RouseHonorable Mention for the 2023 Francis Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize2023 Judy Grahn Award-Publishing Triangle FinalistRestores queer suffragists to their rightful place in the history of the struggle for women’s right to voteThe women’s suffrage movement, much like many other civil rights movements, has an important and often unrecognized queer history. In Public Faces, Secret Lives Wendy L. Rouse reveals that, contrary to popular belief, the suffrage movement included a variety of individuals who represented a range of genders and sexualities. However, owing to the constant pressure to present a “respectable” public image, suffrage leaders publicly conformed to gendered views of ideal womanhood in order to make women’s suffrage more palatable to the public.Rouse argues that queer suffragists did take meaningful action to assert their identities and legacies by challenging traditional concepts of domesticity, family, space, and death in both subtly subversive and radically transformative ways. Queer suffragists also built lasting alliances and developed innovative strategies in order to protect their most intimate relationships, ones that were ultimately crucial to the success of the suffrage movement. Public Faces, Secret Lives is the first work to truly recenter queer figures in the women’s suffrage movement, highlighting their immense contributions as well as their numerous sacrifices.
Public Feminisms: From Academy to Community
by Carrie N. Baker Aviva Dove-ViebahnA city walking tour that subverts tourists’ assumptions about sex workers. Collaborative performances that offer participants a way to understand the stories of disappeared and murdered Indigenous women. Testimony before a state legislature on the harmful impact of parental consent laws for minors seeking abortion health care. A public film and discussion series encouraging intersectional feminist analysis. A Writing Center employing a Black feminist approach to teach writing to community members. These are just some of the stories told in this volume. Through art and public programming, activism and policy advocacy, public writing and community education, feminists in higher education are using scholarly methods and pedagogies to share academic knowledge and research with their communities at the local, national and international levels. These scholars are advancing public knowledge about issues affecting women and girls, racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants, Indigenous peoples, LGBTQAI individuals, and others facing discrimination, lacking resources, or experiencing economic, political and social injustices. This book offers a selection of case studies, models, narratives and tools from a diverse array of writers whose essays the editors have carefully curated to showcase myriad strategies for community engagement. Accessible and engaging to a broad range of readers, the essays in this volume are a rich resource for scholars interested in infusing their academic knowledge into the public sphere. This volume offers an opportunity to reflect on the meaning and importance of community engagement for scholars, and archives some of the important public-facing work feminists are doing today.
Public Feminisms: From Academy to Community
by Carrie N. Baker Aviva Dove-ViebahnThe field of feminist studies grew from the U.S. women’s movements of the 1960s and 1970s and has continued to be deeply connected to ongoing movements for social justice. As educational institutions are increasingly seeing public scholarship and community engagement as relevant and fruitful complements to traditional academic work, feminist scholars have much to offer in demonstrating different ways to inform and interact with various communities. In Public Feminisms: From Academy to Community edited by Carrie N. Baker and Aviva Dove-Viebahn, a diverse range of feminist scholar-activists write about the dynamic and varied methods they use to reach beyond the traditional academic classroom and scholarly journals to share their work with the public. Part one explores how feminist scholars engage broader audiences through art, media, and public programming, including essays on a public discussion series teaching intersectional feminist analysis of popular films, and a podcast from Latina scholars discussing issues of reproductive justice, social justice, motherhood, sexuality, race, and gender. Part two focuses on activism and public education, including essays on “Take Back the Night,” and archiving the women’s march protests. Part three turns to public writing and scholarship, including an essay on elevating the perspectives and voices of underrepresented creatives in the film and television industry. Part four explores feminist pedagogies for community engagement and for teaching public feminisms. Accessible and engaging to a broad range of readers, the essays in this volume are a rich resource for scholars and students interested in infusing their academic knowledge into the public sphere. With this timely book, the editors offer an opportunity to reflect on the meaning and importance of community engagement and highlight some of the important public-facing work feminist scholars are doing today. Faculty, graduate, and undergraduate students, as well as administrators hoping to increase their schools’ connections to the community, will find this volume indispensable.
Public Finance and Financial Administration: A Global Perspective
by Bharati GargThis book offers a comprehensive exploration of different aspects of public finance and its administrative practices across different countries. Based on a comprehensive review of existing literature, it combines theoretical exploration and practical case studies of developed and developing countries. Part I of this volume provides a basic understanding of the concept of public finance. Part II examines the role of budget with a detailed discussion of budgetary cycles in the U.S.A., Brazil, and India. It also provides an in-depth coverage of performance budgeting practices, focusing on the OECD countries. Part III focuses on intergovernmental federal fiscal relations with a special focus on India, along with the Ministries of Finance in the U.S.A., the U.K., and India. Part IV delves into audit systems and Supreme Audit Institutions, presenting case studies of France, Germany, the U.S.A., the U.K., and India. It also includes studies on the latest national and international reports to support the findings. This book will be useful to students, researchers, and teachers of Public Administration, Public Policy, Public Finance, Economics, and Management. It will also be an invaluable resource for professionals and policymakers, as it shall help strengthen their conceptual understanding of the subject.
Public Finance in China
by Jiwei Lou Shuilin WangSince 1980, China's economy has been the envy of the world. Is annual growth rate of more than 9 percent during this period makes China today the world's fourth-largest economy. And this sustained growth has reduced the poverty rate from 60 percent of the population to less than 10 percent. However, such rapid growth has also increased inequalities in income and access to basic services and stressed natural resources. The government seeks to resolve these and other issues by creating a 'harmonious society' -- shifting priorities from the overriding pursuit of growth to more balanced economic and social development. This volume compiles analyses and insights from high-level Chinese policy makers and prominent international scholars that address the changes needed in public finance for success in the government's new endeavor. It examines such key policy issues as public finance and the changing role of the state; fiscal reform and revenue and expenditure assignments; intergovernmental relations and fiscal transfers; and financing and delivery of basic public goods such as compulsory education, innovation, public health, and social protection. And it offers concrete recommendations for immediate policy changes and for China's future reform agenda. 'Public Finance in China' is a must-read for specialists in public finance and for those seeking an understanding of the complex and daunting challenges China is facing.
Public Finance, Conflict, and International Interventions: How Good Governance Reforms Can Weaken State-building (Routledge Studies in Conflict, Security and Development)
by Tobias Akhtar HaqueThis book provides a critical analysis of the political and conflict impacts of “good governance” public finance reforms, showing how unintended distributional outcomes can undermine broader state‑building goals.The international community expends enormous resources trying to build “good governance” institutions in countries emerging from war. By ensuring efficiency, increasing transparency, and enhancing public accountability in the use of public resources, the adoption of “good governance” institutions is assumed to support stability, peace, and sustainable economic growth. Such assumptions, however, have a limited empirical basis and obscure a more complex reality. Drawing from political science and institutional economics, and evidence from major state‑building interventions in Afghanistan, Timor‑Leste, and Solomon Islands, this book explores the impacts of technocratic “good governance” reforms in fragile environments. Through the lens of public finance reform, it illustrates how efforts to achieve efficiency and accountability, while often bringing important benefits, can also undercut the patronage channels that draw together powerful elites, thereby increasing conflict pressures and eroding prospects for sustainable peace. This book makes the case for a reconsideration of the “good governance” agenda and the appropriateness of its application in developing countries experiencing or at risk of war.This book will be of interest to students of state‑building, global governance, political economy, development studies, and International Relations.
Public Financial Management and Fiscal Outcomes in Sub-Saharan African Heavily-Indebted Poor Countries
by Tej Prakash Ezequiel CabezonA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Public Financial Management in Latin America: The Key To Efficiency And Transparency
by Carlos Pimenta, Mario PessoaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Public Goods versus Economic Interests: Global Perspectives on the History of Squatting (Routledge Studies in Modern History)
by Alexander Sedlmaier Freia AndersSquatting is currently a global phenomenon. A concomitant of economic development and social conflict, squatting attracts public attention because – implicitly or explicitly – it questions property relations from the perspective of the basic human need for shelter. So far neglected by historical inquiry, squatters have played an important role in the history of urban development and social movements, not least by contributing to change in concepts of property and the distribution and utilization of urban space. An interdisciplinary circle of authors demonstrates how squatters have articulated their demands for participation in the housing market and public space in a whole range of contexts, and how this has brought them into conflict and/or cooperation with the authorities. The volume examines housing struggles and the occupation of buildings in the Global "North," but it is equally concerned with land acquisition and informal settlements in the Global "South." In the context of the former, squatting tends to be conceived as social practice and collective protest, whereas self-help strategies of the marginalized are more commonly associated with the southern hemisphere. This volume’s historical perspective, however, helps to overcome the north-south dualism in research on squatting.
Public Governance and Emerging Technologies: Values, Trust, and Regulatory Compliance
by Jurgen Goossens Esther Keymolen Antonia StanojevićThis open access book focuses on public governance’s increasing reliance on emerging digital technologies. ‘Disruptive’ or ‘emerging’ digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, are often portrayed as highly promising, with the potential to transform established societal, economic, or governmental practices. Unsurprisingly, public actors are therefore increasingly experimenting with the application of these emerging digital technologies in public governance. The first part of the book shows how automatization via algorithmic systems, the networked nature of distributed technologies such as blockchain, and data-driven use of AI in public governance can promote hyper-connectivity and hyper-complexity. This trend and the associated concerns have drawn societal, political, and scholarly attention to regulatory compliance considering the current and potential future uses of emerging technologies. Accordingly, the second part of the book focuses on regulatory compliance and regulatory solutions. It explores the compatibility of technology with existing regulations, existing legal tools that could be innovatively applied for the successful regulation of emerging technologies, and approaches to updating existing legislation or creating new legislation for the regulation of emerging technologies. While socio-ethical considerations on upholding public values in a digital world are at the heart of all chapters, the third part specifically focuses on public values and trust. It advances a conceptual, normative discussion, putting the spotlight on trust and other fundamental public values that should be safeguarded. The book shows that the success of using emerging technologies in public governance depends to a large extent on the choices made by key stakeholders in public administration, legislative and regulatory bodies, and tech companies. When using and regulating emerging technologies in public governance, it is crucial to uphold public values and comply with legislation in a way that prioritizes the citizen’s perspective. To this end, the book offers an interdisciplinary approach based on qualitative and conceptual research.
Public Health Behind Bars: From Prisons to Communities
by Robert B. GreifingerPublic Health Behind Bars From Prisons to Communities examines the burden of illness in the growing prison population, and analyzes the impact on public health as prisoners are released. This book makes a timely case for correctional health care that is humane for those incarcerated and beneficial to the communities they reenter.
Public Health Evaluation and the Social Determinants of Health
by Allyson KelleyCompelling evidence shows health disparities are the result of inequalities in income, education, limited access to medical care, substandard social environments, and poor economic conditions. This book introduces these social determinants of health (SDOH), discusses how they relate to public health programs, and explains how to design and evaluate interventions bearing them in mind. Arguing that many public health programs fail to be as effective as they could be, because they ignore the underlying causes of health disparities, this important reference gives concrete examples of how evaluations focusing on the social determinants of health can alleviate health inequalities, as well as step-by-step guidance to undertaking them. This resource blends current research, existing data, and participatory evaluation methods. It is designed for teachers, students, practitioners, and policymakers interested in public health programming and evaluation.
Public Health Law and Ethics: Power, Duty, Restraint
by Lawrence O. Gostin Lindsay F. WileyPublic Health Law and Ethics defines these fields for a new generation. This bold and updated edition probes how the Covid-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the legal landscape for public health practice. Through incisive analysis of public health legislation, judicial opinions, and scholarly research, this accessible primer articulates the scope and limits of governmental powers and duties to protect the public's health, builds a case for why social justice must be prioritized as a core value of public health ethics, examines the role of the courts in striking down democratically enacted laws, and covers today’s most pressing health issues, such as chronic diseases, opioid overdoses, gun violence, disability rights, sexual and reproductive autonomy, and racial and gender equity. The book creates a framework for ensuring public health interventions are based on sound scientific evidence and consistent with ethical values, revealing complex answers to the essential question of what community members owe one another when it comes to health.
Public Health Research Methods
by Greg S. Guest Emily E. NameyPublic Health Research Methods, edited by Greg Guest and Emily Namey, provides a comprehensive foundation for planning, executing, and monitoring public health research of all types. The book goes beyond traditional epidemiologic research designs to cover state-of-the-art, technology-based approaches emerging in the new public health landscape. Written by experts in the field, each chapter includes a description of the research method covered, examples of its application in public health, clear instructions on how to execute the method, and a discussion of emerging issues and future directions. In addition, each chapter addresses the topic in the context of global health and health disparities. Such breadth provides readers with practical tools they can use in the field, as well as a current understanding of conceptual discussions. Illustrated with engaging case studies that enhance understanding of the concepts presented, Public Health Research Methods is a comprehensive, must-have reference ideal for researchers in all sectors—government, academia, and non-profit.
Public Health Research Methods
by Greg S. Guest Emily E. NameyPublic Health Research Methods, edited by Greg Guest and Emily Namey, provides a comprehensive foundation for planning, executing, and monitoring public health research of all types. The book goes beyond traditional epidemiologic research designs to cover state-of-the-art, technology-based approaches emerging in the new public health landscape. Written by experts in the field, each chapter includes a description of the research method covered, examples of its application in public health, clear instructions on how to execute the method, and a discussion of emerging issues and future directions. In addition, each chapter addresses the topic in the context of global health and health disparities. Such breadth provides readers with practical tools they can use in the field, as well as a current understanding of conceptual discussions. Illustrated with engaging case studies that enhance understanding of the concepts presented, Public Health Research Methods is a comprehensive, must-have reference ideal for researchers in all sectors—government, academia, and non-profit.
Public Health and Diseases: A Geographical Study of Women's Health, Urban Mortality and Health Policies
by Rukhsana Asraful AlamThis book provides a multi-disciplinary exploration of gender, public health, and disease with a focus on urban areas impacted by climate change. In three sections, global case studies are provided that analyze health risk management strategies in vulnerable populations containing high rates of mortality and disease morbidity. The sections are broadly divided along the themes, of women's health and gendered health challenges, demographic health issues such as aging populations, and the impacts of urbanization on health and the strategies to improve public health in urban areas such as green space projects. The book will be useful resource for students and researchers of health geography and public health, as well as public health practitioners and policymakers.
Public Health and National Reconstruction in Post-War Asia: International Influences, Local Transformations (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia)
by Liping Bu Ka-Che YipThis book, based on extensive original research, considers the transformation of public health systems in major East, South and Southeast Asian countries in the period following the Second World War. It examines how public health concepts, policies, institutions and practices were improved, shows how international health standards were implemented, sometimes through the direct intervention of transnational organisations, and explores how indigenous traditions and local social and cultural concerns affected developments, with, in some cases, the construction of public health systems forming an important part of nation-building in post-war and post-independence countries. Throughout, the book relates developments in public health systems to people’s health, demographic changes, and economic and social reconstruction projects.
Public Health and Nutrition: The South Asian and Southeast Asian Landscape
by Manoranjan Pal Premananda Bharati Md. Golam Hossain Rashidul Alam MahumudThis book addresses the health status of both mothers and children, highlighting acute malnutrition through anthropometric indices such as weight-for-height, weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI. Divided into four sections, it provides an overview of public health and nutrition, presents the state-of-the-art situation in South and South-east Asia, and analyzes real-life data on public health and nutrition not only from India and Bangladesh but also from other countries in South and South-east Asia. The book covers insightful analyses of child nutrition, maternal health, and socioeconomic factors, with an emphasis on maternal empowerment, health-seeking behavior, and healthcare accessibility in diverse contexts. The book also addresses topics such as identification of potential genes for prostate cancer, and quality of life and living arrangements of ageing population. The book is relevant for researchers in the fields of biostatistics, anthropology, demography, health, medicine, and planning, interested in understanding public health and nutrition in South Asia, especially in India and Bangladesh.
Public Health and the Modernization of China, 1865-2015 (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia)
by Liping BuThis book, based on extensive original research, traces the development of China’s public health system, showing how advances in public health have been an integral part of China’s rise. It outlines the phenomenal improvements in public health, for example the increase in life expectancy from 38 in 1949 to 73 in 2010; relates developments in public health to prevailing political ideologies; and discusses how the drivers of health improvements were, unlike in the West, modern medical professionals and intellectuals who understood that, whatever the prevailing ideology, China needs to be a strong country. The book explores how public health concepts, policies, programmes, institutions and practices changed and developed through social and political upheavals, war, and famine, and argues that this perspective of China’s development is refreshingly different from China’s development viewed purely in political terms.
Public Health and the US Military: A History of the Army Medical Department, 1818-1917 (Routledge Advances in American History)
by Bobby A. WintermutePublic Health and the US Military is a cultural history of the US Army Medical Department focusing on its accomplishments and organization coincident with the creation of modern public health in the Progressive Era. A period of tremendous social change, this time bore witness to the creation of an ideology of public health that influences public policy even today. The US Army Medical Department exerted tremendous influence on the methods adopted by the nation’s leading civilian public health figures and agencies at the turn of the twentieth century. Public Health and the US Military also examines the challenges faced by military physicians struggling to win recognition and legitimacy as expert peers by other Army officers and within the civilian sphere. Following the experience of typhoid fever outbreaks in the volunteer camps during the Spanish-American War, and the success of uniformed researchers and sanitarians in confronting yellow fever and hookworm disease in Cuba and Puerto Rico, the Medical Department’s influence and reputation grew in the decades before the First World War. Under the direction of sanitary-minded medical officers, the Army Medical Department instituted critical public health reforms at home and abroad, and developed a model of sanitary tactics for wartime mobilization that would face its most critical test in 1917. The first large conceptual overview of the role of the US Army Medical Department in American society during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this book details the culture and quest for legitimacy of an institution dedicated to promoting public health and scientific medicine.
Public Health at the Border of Zimbabwe and Mozambique, 1890–1940: African Experiences in a Contested Space (African Histories and Modernities)
by Francis DubeThis book is the first major work to explore the utility of the border as a theoretical, methodological, and interpretive construct for understanding colonial public health by considering African experiences in the Zimbabwe-Mozambique borderland. It examines the impact of colonial public health measures such as medical examinations/inspections, vaccinations, and border surveillance on African villagers in this borderland. The book asks whether the conjunction of a particular colonized society, a distinctive kind of colonialism, and a particular territorial border generated reluctance to embrace public health because of certain colonial circumstances which impeded the acceptance of therapeutic alternatives that were embraced by colonized people elsewhere. It asks historians to look elsewhere for similar kinds of histories involving racialized application of public health policies in colonial borderlands.
Public Health in Asia and the Pacific: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (Routledge Advances in Asia-Pacific Studies #Vol. 11)
by Milton J. Lewis Kerrie L. MacPhersonThe Asia-Pacific region has not only the greatest concentration of population but is, arguably, the future economic centre of the world. Epidemiological transition in the region is occurring much faster than it did in the West and many countries face the emerging problem of chronic diseases at the same time as they continue to grapple with communicable diseases. This book explores how disease patterns and health problems in Asia and the Pacific, and collective responses to them, have been shaped over time by cultural, economic, social, demographic, environmental and political factors. With fourteen chapters, each devoted to a country in the region, the authors take a comparative and historical approach to the evolution of public health and preventive medicine, and offer a broader understanding of the links in a globalizing world between health on the one hand and culture, economy, polity and society on the other. Public Health in Asia and the Pacific presents the importance of the non-medical context in the history of human disease, as well as the significance of disease in the larger histories of the region. It will appeal to scholars and policy makers in the fields of public health, the history of medicine, and those with a wider interest in the Asia-Pacific region.
Public Health in India: Technology, governance and service delivery
by Diatha Krishna Sundar Shashank Garg Isha GargDespite rapid advances in modern medicine and state-of-the-art health care services in the private sector, primary health care in India remains inaccessible to a majority of the population. Besides, even policymakers often do not have access to real-time data to fine-tune their policies or design appropriate research and intervention programmes. Drawing on field experiences, this volume brings together scholars and practitioners to examine public health from different perspectives. It discusses practical and applied issues related to the health sector, especially the role of Information and Communications Technology (ICT); participation of civil society; service delivery; quality evaluation; consumer empowerment; data management; and research and intervention. This book will be useful to scholars, students and practitioners of public health in developing countries such as India. It will also interest policymakers, health care professionals, and departments of public health management and those concerned with community medicine.
Public Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social Epidemiological Perspectives
by John Fulton Jonathan Ling Catherine Hayes Philip Emeka AnwanyuThis fascinating collection shines a social epidemiological spotlight on the key public health issues affecting sub-Saharan Africa today.Beginning with the legacy of colonial rule, this book outlines the complex interplay between population health and a range of social, economic, and cultural factors. It shows how social epidemiological methods can offer a deeper understanding of population health and features chapters on a range of infectious diseases that continue to have a devastating impact on the region, including Sickle Cell Disease, HIV/AIDS, Leprosy, and Ebola. The final section of this book includes a series of case studies in which social epidemiological methods have been used to explore specific public health issues.Providing a timely overview of the relationship between social systems and human biology in the region, this important book will interest students and researchers across Public Health, Medicine, and African Studies.