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Public Health Research Methods
by Greg S. Guest Emily E. NameyPublic Health Research Methods, edited by Greg Guest and Emily Namey, provides a comprehensive foundation for planning, executing, and monitoring public health research of all types. The book goes beyond traditional epidemiologic research designs to cover state-of-the-art, technology-based approaches emerging in the new public health landscape. Written by experts in the field, each chapter includes a description of the research method covered, examples of its application in public health, clear instructions on how to execute the method, and a discussion of emerging issues and future directions. In addition, each chapter addresses the topic in the context of global health and health disparities. Such breadth provides readers with practical tools they can use in the field, as well as a current understanding of conceptual discussions. Illustrated with engaging case studies that enhance understanding of the concepts presented, Public Health Research Methods is a comprehensive, must-have reference ideal for researchers in all sectors—government, academia, and non-profit.
Public Health and Diseases: A Geographical Study of Women's Health, Urban Mortality and Health Policies
by Rukhsana Asraful AlamThis book provides a multi-disciplinary exploration of gender, public health, and disease with a focus on urban areas impacted by climate change. In three sections, global case studies are provided that analyze health risk management strategies in vulnerable populations containing high rates of mortality and disease morbidity. The sections are broadly divided along the themes, of women's health and gendered health challenges, demographic health issues such as aging populations, and the impacts of urbanization on health and the strategies to improve public health in urban areas such as green space projects. The book will be useful resource for students and researchers of health geography and public health, as well as public health practitioners and policymakers.
Public Health and National Reconstruction in Post-War Asia: International Influences, Local Transformations (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia)
by Liping Bu Ka-Che YipThis book, based on extensive original research, considers the transformation of public health systems in major East, South and Southeast Asian countries in the period following the Second World War. It examines how public health concepts, policies, institutions and practices were improved, shows how international health standards were implemented, sometimes through the direct intervention of transnational organisations, and explores how indigenous traditions and local social and cultural concerns affected developments, with, in some cases, the construction of public health systems forming an important part of nation-building in post-war and post-independence countries. Throughout, the book relates developments in public health systems to people’s health, demographic changes, and economic and social reconstruction projects.
Public Health and Nutrition: The South Asian and Southeast Asian Landscape
by Manoranjan Pal Premananda Bharati Md. Golam Hossain Rashidul Alam MahumudThis book addresses the health status of both mothers and children, highlighting acute malnutrition through anthropometric indices such as weight-for-height, weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI. Divided into four sections, it provides an overview of public health and nutrition, presents the state-of-the-art situation in South and South-east Asia, and analyzes real-life data on public health and nutrition not only from India and Bangladesh but also from other countries in South and South-east Asia. The book covers insightful analyses of child nutrition, maternal health, and socioeconomic factors, with an emphasis on maternal empowerment, health-seeking behavior, and healthcare accessibility in diverse contexts. The book also addresses topics such as identification of potential genes for prostate cancer, and quality of life and living arrangements of ageing population. The book is relevant for researchers in the fields of biostatistics, anthropology, demography, health, medicine, and planning, interested in understanding public health and nutrition in South Asia, especially in India and Bangladesh.
Public Health and the Modernization of China, 1865-2015 (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia)
by Liping BuThis book, based on extensive original research, traces the development of China’s public health system, showing how advances in public health have been an integral part of China’s rise. It outlines the phenomenal improvements in public health, for example the increase in life expectancy from 38 in 1949 to 73 in 2010; relates developments in public health to prevailing political ideologies; and discusses how the drivers of health improvements were, unlike in the West, modern medical professionals and intellectuals who understood that, whatever the prevailing ideology, China needs to be a strong country. The book explores how public health concepts, policies, programmes, institutions and practices changed and developed through social and political upheavals, war, and famine, and argues that this perspective of China’s development is refreshingly different from China’s development viewed purely in political terms.
Public Health and the US Military: A History of the Army Medical Department, 1818-1917 (Routledge Advances in American History)
by Bobby A. WintermutePublic Health and the US Military is a cultural history of the US Army Medical Department focusing on its accomplishments and organization coincident with the creation of modern public health in the Progressive Era. A period of tremendous social change, this time bore witness to the creation of an ideology of public health that influences public policy even today. The US Army Medical Department exerted tremendous influence on the methods adopted by the nation’s leading civilian public health figures and agencies at the turn of the twentieth century. Public Health and the US Military also examines the challenges faced by military physicians struggling to win recognition and legitimacy as expert peers by other Army officers and within the civilian sphere. Following the experience of typhoid fever outbreaks in the volunteer camps during the Spanish-American War, and the success of uniformed researchers and sanitarians in confronting yellow fever and hookworm disease in Cuba and Puerto Rico, the Medical Department’s influence and reputation grew in the decades before the First World War. Under the direction of sanitary-minded medical officers, the Army Medical Department instituted critical public health reforms at home and abroad, and developed a model of sanitary tactics for wartime mobilization that would face its most critical test in 1917. The first large conceptual overview of the role of the US Army Medical Department in American society during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this book details the culture and quest for legitimacy of an institution dedicated to promoting public health and scientific medicine.
Public Health at the Border of Zimbabwe and Mozambique, 1890–1940: African Experiences in a Contested Space (African Histories and Modernities)
by Francis DubeThis book is the first major work to explore the utility of the border as a theoretical, methodological, and interpretive construct for understanding colonial public health by considering African experiences in the Zimbabwe-Mozambique borderland. It examines the impact of colonial public health measures such as medical examinations/inspections, vaccinations, and border surveillance on African villagers in this borderland. The book asks whether the conjunction of a particular colonized society, a distinctive kind of colonialism, and a particular territorial border generated reluctance to embrace public health because of certain colonial circumstances which impeded the acceptance of therapeutic alternatives that were embraced by colonized people elsewhere. It asks historians to look elsewhere for similar kinds of histories involving racialized application of public health policies in colonial borderlands.
Public Health in Asia and the Pacific: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (Routledge Advances in Asia-Pacific Studies #Vol. 11)
by Milton J. Lewis Kerrie L. MacPhersonThe Asia-Pacific region has not only the greatest concentration of population but is, arguably, the future economic centre of the world. Epidemiological transition in the region is occurring much faster than it did in the West and many countries face the emerging problem of chronic diseases at the same time as they continue to grapple with communicable diseases. This book explores how disease patterns and health problems in Asia and the Pacific, and collective responses to them, have been shaped over time by cultural, economic, social, demographic, environmental and political factors. With fourteen chapters, each devoted to a country in the region, the authors take a comparative and historical approach to the evolution of public health and preventive medicine, and offer a broader understanding of the links in a globalizing world between health on the one hand and culture, economy, polity and society on the other. Public Health in Asia and the Pacific presents the importance of the non-medical context in the history of human disease, as well as the significance of disease in the larger histories of the region. It will appeal to scholars and policy makers in the fields of public health, the history of medicine, and those with a wider interest in the Asia-Pacific region.
Public Health in India: Technology, governance and service delivery
by Diatha Krishna Sundar Shashank Garg Isha GargDespite rapid advances in modern medicine and state-of-the-art health care services in the private sector, primary health care in India remains inaccessible to a majority of the population. Besides, even policymakers often do not have access to real-time data to fine-tune their policies or design appropriate research and intervention programmes. Drawing on field experiences, this volume brings together scholars and practitioners to examine public health from different perspectives. It discusses practical and applied issues related to the health sector, especially the role of Information and Communications Technology (ICT); participation of civil society; service delivery; quality evaluation; consumer empowerment; data management; and research and intervention. This book will be useful to scholars, students and practitioners of public health in developing countries such as India. It will also interest policymakers, health care professionals, and departments of public health management and those concerned with community medicine.
Public Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social Epidemiological Perspectives
by John Fulton Jonathan Ling Catherine Hayes Philip Emeka AnwanyuThis fascinating collection shines a social epidemiological spotlight on the key public health issues affecting sub-Saharan Africa today.Beginning with the legacy of colonial rule, this book outlines the complex interplay between population health and a range of social, economic, and cultural factors. It shows how social epidemiological methods can offer a deeper understanding of population health and features chapters on a range of infectious diseases that continue to have a devastating impact on the region, including Sickle Cell Disease, HIV/AIDS, Leprosy, and Ebola. The final section of this book includes a series of case studies in which social epidemiological methods have been used to explore specific public health issues.Providing a timely overview of the relationship between social systems and human biology in the region, this important book will interest students and researchers across Public Health, Medicine, and African Studies.
Public Health in the British Empire: Intermediaries, Subordinates, and the Practice of Public Health, 1850-1960 (Routledge Studies in Modern British History)
by Ryan Johnson Amna KhalidOver the last several decades, historians of public health in Britain’s colonies have been primarily concerned with the process of policy making in the upper echelons of the medical and sanitary administrations. Yet it was the lower level staff that formed the backbone of public health systems in the colonies. Although they constituted the bases of many colonies’ public health machinery, there is no consolidated study of these individuals to date. Public Health in the British Empire addresses this gap by bringing together historians studying intermediary and subordinate staff across the British Empire. Along with investigating the duties and responsibilities of medical and non-medical intermediary and subordinate personnel, the contributors to this volume show how the subjectivity of these agents influenced the manner in which they discharged their duties and how this in turn shaped policy. Even those working as low level assistants and aids were able to affect policy design. In this way, Public Health in the British Empire brings into sharp relief the disaggregated nature of the empire, thereby challenging the understanding of the imperial project as an enterprise conceived of and driven from the center.
Public Health, Disease and Development in Africa (Geographies of Health Series)
by Ezekiel Kalipeni Juliet Iwelunmor Diana S. Grigsby-Toussaint Imelda K. MoiseThe closure of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015 prompted the need for a book of this kind. An interdisciplinary group of global health scholars contribute to the understanding of the emerging and fast-growing problem of the dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Africa. This book is timely, as the international community has moved from the MDGs to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the blueprint for a new human development agenda. Contributions and case studies are situated in the revised Epidemiologic and Nutrition Transition Model to capture the current situation, referencing communicable and NCDs on the African continent. The case studies encapsulated aim to help minimize negative health outcomes and improve population health, well-being, and equity in the future. This book will be significant in policy circles to assist international organizations, governments, and United Nations agencies. It aims to chart the future for health in Africa in light of recently adopted SDGs. This book is also a useful complementary reader for global public health related courses.
Public Health, Humanities and Magical Realism: A Creative-Relational Approach to Researching Human Experience
by Marisa de AndradeThis book calls for a re-conceptualisation of the public health evidence-base to include crucial forms of creative and relational data about people’s lived experiences that cannot be accessed through the biomedical approach to generating and using evidence. Drawing from the author’s ethical, ontological and epistemological dilemmas when studying controversial topics, and methodological evaluation framework to measure impacts of creative community engagement, the book argues that traditional methodologies and conceptualisations of evidence have the potential to exacerbate health inequalities by excluding and misrepresenting minorities. Fantastical realities based on ‘truthful’ research findings are intertwined with traditional public health approaches through artistic engagement with so-called ‘hard-to-reach’ groups. Working with their (sur)real life stories, the author reflects on how the population’s breadth is inadequately reflected which threatens validity and generalisability in public health research and decision making. Through different ways of knowing (epistemology) and different ways of being (ontology), this book shows how to design studies, make recommendations and adapt services that are aligned with views and experiences of those living on the margins and beyond. As such, it is an essential read for public health researchers and students.
Public Health, Personal Health and Pills: Drug Entanglements and Pharmaceuticalised Governance
by Kevin DewPublic Health, Personal Health and Pills explores the processes and effects of the increasing governance of our lives through pharmaceuticals, looking at the moral, interactional, social and political forces that shape our use of them. It demonstrates the ways in which social relationships and identities are developed, sustained and transformed through medication use. Building on the extensive medicalisation of health literature, and the more recent concept of pharmaceuticalisation, this pioneering book is firmly based on empirical research and sociological theory. It brings together macro considerations of trends in pharmaceutical consumption, regulation and policy, micro considerations of the decision-making and the negotiation of medication use in homes and clinics, and an institutional analysis of the role of drug monitoring agencies, drug subsidising agencies, drug trial methodologies and the media. This book is a contribution to a burgeoning sociological interest in medication use, and will be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience of scholars and students of sociology, science and technology studies, pharmacy and health studies.
Public Health: Disziplin – Praxis – Politik (Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung)
by Henning Schmidt-Semisch Friedrich SchorbVor drei Jahrzehnten begann sich Public Health an Universitäten und Hochschulen in Deutschland zu etablieren, und die Entwicklung des Faches kann heute allgemein als Erfolgsgeschichte gedeutet werden. Dennoch ist Public Health noch immer kein selbstverständlicher Teil des akademischen Fächerkanons, und auch das Verhältnis zur Politik ist unklar: Einerseits treten Public Health-Akteure dafür ein, dass Gesundheit in allen Politikbereichen berücksichtigt werden soll („Health in all Policies“), andererseits gilt zu viel Politiknähe als Gefahr für die wissenschaftliche Profilbildung.Die Beiträge dieses Bandes fragen in unterschiedlicher Art und Weise nach dem Stand der Disziplin Public Health sowie der entsprechenden Praxis und Politik: Welches Verhältnis hat Public Health zur Praxis von Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention? Kann Public Health heute als eine ‚Profession’ betrachtet werden? Welche disziplinären Zugänge finden sich in Public Health? Wie wirkt Public Health auf Politik ein, und wie beeinflusst – umgekehrt – Politik Public Health? Wie politiknah bzw. wie politisch soll Public Health sein?
Public History and Culture in South Africa: Memorialisation and Liberation Heritage Sites in Johannesburg and the Township Space (African Histories and Modernities)
by Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu Ali Khangela HlongwaneThe post-apartheid era in South Africa has, in the space of nearly two decades, experienced a massive memory boom, manifest in a plethora of new memorials and museums and in the renaming of streets, buildings, cities and more across the country. This memorialisation is intricately linked to questions of power, liberation and public history in the making and remaking of the South African nation. Ali Khangela Hlongwane and Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu analyse an array of these liberation heritage sites, including the Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum, the June 16, 1976 Interpretation Centre, the Apartheid Museum and the Mandela House Museum, foregrounding the work of migrant workers, architects, visual artists and activists in the practice of memorialisation. As they argue, memorialisation has been integral to the process of state and nation formation from the pre-colonial era through the present day.
Public History and the Food Movement: Adding the Missing Ingredient
by Cathy Stanton Michelle MoonPublic History and the Food Movement argues that today’s broad interest in making food systems fairer, healthier, and more sustainable offers a compelling opportunity for the public history field. Moon and Stanton show how linking heritage institutions’ unique skills and resources with contemporary food issues can offer accessible points of entry for the public into broad questions about human and environmental resilience. They argue that this approach can also benefit institutions themselves, by offering potential new audiences, partners, and sources of support at a time when many are struggling to remain relevant and viable. Interviews with innovative practitioners in both the food and history fields offer additional insights. Drawing on both scholarship and practice, Public History and the Food Movement presents a practical toolkit for engagement. Demonstrating how public historians can take on a vital contemporary issue while remaining true to the guiding principles of historical research and interpretation, the book challenges public historians to claim an expanded role in today’s food politics. The fresh thinking will also be of interest to public historians looking to engage with other timely issues.
Public History in Ireland: Difficult Histories (Global Perspectives on Public History)
by Leonie Hannan Olwen PurdueThrough a collection of essays that reflect the complexity of the island’s historical past as it operates today, Public History in Ireland delivers a scholarly yet accessible introduction to contemporary topics and debates in Irish public history.Despite the reputation that Ireland, both north and south, has gained as a place of contestation, this is the first book-length study to tackle its diverse and often ‘difficult’ public histories. Public History in Ireland offers examples drawn not only from museums, heritage and collections, prime mediators of public historical interpretation, but also from the work of artists and academics. It considers the silences in Ireland’s history-telling, including those of the recent conflict in Northern Ireland and of the traumatic public discoveries and re-evaluations of the island’s institutions of social control. The book’s key message is that history is active, making itself felt in ongoing debates about heritage, identity, nationhood, post-conflict society and reparative justice. It shows that Irish public history is freighted and often fraught with jeopardy, but as such it is rich with insight that has relevance far beyond this island’s shores.This book is useful for students, scholars and practitioners working in the fields of public history and the history of Ireland.
Public History in Poland (Global Perspectives on Public History)
by Joanna WojdonThis volume presents various aspects of public history practices in Poland, alongside their historical development and theoretical reflections on public history. Despite a long tradition and variety of forms of public history, the very term "public history", or literally speaking "history in the public sphere", has been in use in Poland only since the 2010s. This edited collection contains chapters that focus on numerous practices and media forms in public history including historical memory, heritage tourism, historical re-enactments, memes and graphic novels, films, archives, archaeology and oral history. As such, the volume brings together the Polish experiences to wider international audiences and shares Polish controversies related to public history within the academic discourse, beyond media news and politically engaged commentaries. Furthermore, it sheds crucial light on the developments of collective memory, historical and political debates, the history of Poland and East-Central Europe, and the politics of post-World War Two and post-communist societies. Authored by a team of academic historians and practitioners from the field, Public History in Poland is the perfect resource for students from a variety of disciplines including Public History, Heritage, Museum Studies, Anthropology, and Archaeology.
Public Housing in Europe and America
by J. S. FuerstOriginally published in 1974, this book surveys the experience of public and quasi public housing in the UK, USA, France, Germany, the former USSR, Israel, Denmark, Sweden, Hungary and Puerto Rico. Each country’s housing policy is set in a broad social and historical context, showing how the policy developed and how effective it was. Administrative problems encountered in different countries are evaluated and compared and many similarities emerge. The relationship of housing to transport, education and employment is discussed and special attention is focused on the role of new towns in Sweden, the former USSR, the UK, Israel and the USA.
Public Influence: A Guide to Op-Ed Writing and Social Media Engagement
by Mira SucharovHow can twenty-first-century scholars and other experts craft their voices for audiences beyond their peers? In Public Influence, political scientist Mira Sucharov walks readers through the ins and outs of op-ed writing and social media engagement. Presented in a lively and engaging style, Public Influence coaches readers on the best approach to pitching and writing op-eds and other related analytical pieces, managing the ensuing conversation, conveying informed ideas to an evidence-resistant audience, avoiding social media hazards in an increasingly polarized environment, harnessing outrage culture to organize sensitively and intelligently, and using political labels in ways that cut through the noise. Enlivened with discussions of an array of hot-button issues and examples of public influence succeeding wildly and going terribly awry, Public Influence is essential reading for anyone who wants to harness the opportunities of public engagement in a dynamic digital age.
Public Infrastructure Performance in Developing Countries (Routledge Revivals)
by Abdul GhafoorThis title was first published in 2000: An investigation of the performance of the electric power and telecommunication sectors of Pakistan at the firm level as well as the sector as a whole, seeking to identify and quantify the extent of inefficiencies. Since physical or financial or productivity indicators alone are not able to explain the duality of public infrastructure purposes, the financial and productivity indicators have been used in evaluating the performance of these sectors. Further, a Cobb-Douglas production function has also been used to calculate the trend in the growth of total factor productivity. Economies of scale have also been studied in the case of electric power generation. The results of the study show that in Pakistan one of the usual motives for privatization (to avoid the poor financial results of state enterprises) is not relevant for electricity and telecommunications enterprises. This, however, appears to be due to the financial subsidies they received, through access to low cost loan finance and grants, rather than to their efficiency in operations. By the economic criteria of growth of TFP none of the enterprises do well and two have a negative TFP growth. The case for reforming these enterprises is strong and alternative modes of organization, finance and ownership need to be considered.
Public Infrastructure Performance in Developing Countries (Routledge Revivals)
by Abdul GhafoorThis title was first published in 2000: An investigation of the performance of the electric power and telecommunication sectors of Pakistan at the firm level as well as the sector as a whole, seeking to identify and quantify the extent of inefficiencies. Since physical or financial or productivity indicators alone are not able to explain the duality of public infrastructure purposes, the financial and productivity indicators have been used in evaluating the performance of these sectors. Further, a Cobb-Douglas production function has also been used to calculate the trend in the growth of total factor productivity. Economies of scale have also been studied in the case of electric power generation. The results of the study show that in Pakistan one of the usual motives for privatization (to avoid the poor financial results of state enterprises) is not relevant for electricity and telecommunications enterprises. This, however, appears to be due to the financial subsidies they received, through access to low cost loan finance and grants, rather than to their efficiency in operations. By the economic criteria of growth of TFP none of the enterprises do well and two have a negative TFP growth. The case for reforming these enterprises is strong and alternative modes of organization, finance and ownership need to be considered.
Public Interest Communication: Critical Debates and Global Contexts (Routledge New Directions In Public Relations And Communication Research Ser.)
by Jane Johnston Magda PieczkaCommunication has become the technology of public interest, demanding a re-examination of the key concept of public in both public relations and communication theory. This book defines a new concept of public interest communication, combining the conflict, negotiation and adaptation inherent in public interest, with a critical approach to communication management and public relations. Combining conceptual discussions about public theories of language with the tension between the public and private interests for public relations professionals, the book uses case studies to explore the negotiation of conflicting interests and the construction of the public interest within systems of governance at local, national and international levels. Public interest communication is identified within social and cultural contexts that resonate globally – health, community, media and the environment - each representing interest conflicts within the changing global environment. Addressing the forces of fragmentation, inequality and individualisation that characterize the modern world, this thought-provoking volume will be of great interest to researchers and advanced students of communication, public relations, environmental communication, public communication, and public policy.
Public Interests: Media Advocacy and Struggles over U.S. Television
by Allison PerlmanNearly as soon as television began to enter American homes in the late 1940s, social activists recognized that it was a powerful tool for shaping the nation's views. By targeting broadcast regulations and laws, both liberal and conservative activist groups have sought to influence what America sees on the small screen. Public Interests describes the impressive battles that these media activists fought and charts how they tried to change the face of American television. Allison Perlman looks behind the scenes to track the strategies employed by several key groups of media reformers, from civil rights organizations like the NAACP to conservative groups like the Parents Television Council. While some of these campaigns were designed to improve the representation of certain marginalized groups in television programming, as Perlman reveals, they all strove for more systemic reforms, from early efforts to create educational channels to more recent attempts to preserve a space for Spanish-language broadcasting. Public Interests fills in a key piece of the history of American social reform movements, revealing pressure groups' deep investments in influencing both television programming and broadcasting policy. Vividly illustrating the resilience, flexibility, and diversity of media activist campaigns from the 1950s onward, the book offers valuable lessons that can be applied to current battles over the airwaves.