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The Chinese Sharing Economy: New Economy Program for Supply-Side Reform
by Ma Huateng Zhang Xiaorong Sun Yi Cai XiongshanThis book explores the social and economic impact of the sharing economy- of taxis, apartments, and other goods and services- in China, and how the sharing economy can allow for supply-side economic reform. The sharing economy is in the ascendant in China, and significant achievements have been made in innovation in leasing, travel and other fields. This book predicts that this economic tide, which has affected hundreds of millions of people, will inject a powerful new momentum into China's economic growth, help China's economy achieve "power conversion" and turn the service industry into the "main engine" of economic growth. This book will interest China watchers, economists, and scholars of the technology sector.
The Chinese State in Ming Society (Asia's Transformations/Critical Asian Scholarship)
by Timothy BrookThe Ming dynasty (1368-1644), a period of commercial expansion and cultural innovation, fashioned the relationship between state and society in Chinese history. This unique collection of reworked and heavily illustrated essays, by one of the leading scholars of Chinese history, re-examines this relationship. It argues that, contrary to previous scholarship, it was radical responses within society that led to a 'constitution', not periods of fluctuation within the dynasty itself. Brook's outstanding scholarship demonstrates that it was changes in commercial relations and social networks that were actually responsible for the development of a stable society. This imaginative reconsidering of existing scholarship on the history of China will be fascinating reading for scholars and students interested in China's development.
The Chinese State in Transition: Processes and contests in local China (Routledge Studies on China in Transition)
by Linda Chelan LiOne of the more commonly and widely held beliefs outside the People’s Republic of China about the changes wrought by the reform era is that there has been no political change The attention of the outside world focuses inevitably on Beijing and national level politics. Nonetheless, it may actually be at the more local levels that changes in politics and the state are most obviously made manifest The contributions to this volume clearly and convincingly demonstrate that the state and politics in China have changed considerably since the beginning of the 1980s. An international line up of experts explore the meanings of local initiatives through case studies, assessing their contribution to improving governance, questioning how they can be sustained, and revealing the political nature of normative standards. Each contribution focuses on a different policy area including cultural strategies, housing, land politics, corruption, peasants’ burden and cadre reforms, women and gender, and international relations. The Chinese State in Transition is an important read for students and scholars of Chinese politics, social and public policy, and governance.
The Chinese State's Retreat from Health: Policy and the Politics of Retrenchment (Routledge Studies on China in Transition)
by Jane DuckettOver the post-Mao period, the Chinese state has radically cut back its role in funding health services and insuring its citizens against the costs of ill health. Using an analytical framework drawn from studies of state retrenchment in industrialized democracies and in post-communist Eastern Europe, Jane Duckett argues that the state’s retreat from health in China was not a simple consequence of economic policies and market reform. Just as important were the influences of health policies, reform era political institutions, communist party ideology, and bureaucratic stakeholders. Through her analysis, Duckett maintains that by studying retrenchment in China, the world’s most populous nation and now a major global economic power, we can better understand international transformations in the role of the state, and the politics that shape that role. The Chinese State’s Retreat from Health both extends research on retrenchment politics to a major authoritarian state and contributes to piecing together understanding of the Chinese state’s changing role across the economy and other social policies, including housing and education. It will be of interest to students and scholars of Chinese politics, social policy and the Chinese health care system, as well as to those with a comparative interest in health, welfare states and the politics of retrenchment. Jane Duckett is Professor of Chinese and Comparative Politics at the University of Glasgow, UK.
The Chinese Story in Global Order
by Chen LiuThis book provides a historical review of the transformation of China’s image around the world since the 1978 Reform and Opening Up. Based on a synthetic model that the author constructs for evaluating national images, together with a historical review and quantitative analysis, it discusses the issues and challenges confronting China’s image around the world since the Opening Up. To help rectify the situation that most of the research on China’s reform efforts focuses on hard power (esp. economic power), this book, which mainly focuses on China’s soft power, reviews and assesses its global image from the three perspectives of politics, economy and culture. In the process, it sheds valuable new light on the presentation of China’s image and the world’s perceptions of China.
The Chinese Transformation of Corporate Culture (Routledge Contemporary China Series)
by Colin HawesIn recent years, Chinese policymakers and corporate leaders have focused significant attention on the concept of corporate culture. This book will reveal the political, social and economic factors behind the enormous current interest in corporate culture in China and provide a wide range of case studies that focus on how large corporations like Haier, Huawei and Mengniu have attempted to transform their cultures, and how they represent themselves as complying with the Chinese government’s interpretation of "positive" corporate culture. Hawes demonstrates how the foreign concept of corporate culture has been re-defined in China to fit the Chinese political, social and cultural context. He examines how this re-definition of corporate culture reflects a uniquely Chinese conception of the purposes and social functions of the capitalist business corporation and how the Chinese Communist Party’s active promotion of "socialist" corporate culture evidences a shift in the Party’s identity towards a business-friendly champion of corporate and economic development. This work will be of great interest to students and scholars of Asian Studies, Business and Management and Chinese studies.
The Chinese Video Game Industry (Palgrave Games in Context)
by Feng Chen Judd Ethan Ruggill Ken S. McAllisterThe recent and dramatic development of China’s economy and international political muscle is especially pronounced in the country’s video game industry. Now the largest of its kind in the world by gross revenue, the Chinese video game industry impacts every player in the global game market and has begun to directly influence the nature of the video game medium itself. From its conceptualization of the player as a category and commodity, to its approach to the design, development, and marketing of products and services, the Chinese game industry is engaging in a complex, innovative, and fascinating reimagining of the video game as a cultural and industrial force.The purpose of The Chinese Video Game Industry is to help introduce and investigate this industrial and cultural powerhouse. The book’s contributors array the industry across its history, economics, organization, politics, and cultures, documenting its rise, exploring its operational, cultural, and aesthetic characteristics, and capturing its context vis-à-vis the global media landscape. In so doing, the contributors provide a robust resource for anyone interested in studying, building, or even simply appreciating games.
The Chinese Way: Walked Out Of The New Way Of Cancer Treatment With Immune Regulation And Control Of Combination Of Chinese And Western Medicine
by Min Ding Jie XuAs business becomes increasingly globalized and China establishes its growing role in the international business environment, developing an understanding of the complex culture is important to anyone acting in the global arena. This book offers readers a thorough and nuanced resource to that end, describing the ever-evolving Chinese way of life circa 2014, based on extensive primary and secondary data. Taking an anthropological approach to achieve a well-rounded representation, the book covers 51 topics that would have been studied if China were a newly discovered civilization. It explores the culture through its examination of the nine core concepts that best represent the Chinese way of life. While the book is a rigorous treatment of the Chinese way of life, it is also filled with personal stories and perspectives from close to 1000 successful Chinese from academia, business, and government. The Chinese Way equips international business students, scholars, and practitioners with a deep understanding of a society that is a major player in global business today and offers a foundation for successful business interactions with Chinese companies, organizations, and people.
The Chinese and Indian Corporate Economies: A Comparative History of their Search for Economic Renaissance and Globalization (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia)
by Raj BrownThis is a compelling analysis of the corporate economies of China and India, which are having a huge impact not just on the international economy, but also in the geopolitical and international strategy sphere as a result of an accelerated globalisation by these two countries, which is unleashing powerful economic challenges to corporate structures, economic institutions and law worldwide. The big question is how after centuries of underdevelopment China and now India are emerging powerfully and pulling ahead of Western European economies. Analysing the role of the state and the adroit use of law, and their impact on the corporate evolution of both China and India, provides greater clarity and insight into why China has evolved as a manufacturing nation utilizing cheap abundant labour while India has not exploited such advantages but instead focused on IT and higher value industries, even abroad as Tata has demonstrated in the motor industry in Europe. Again while Chinese corporations have expanded abroad as an arm of the state into Asia, Middle East, Africa, Europe, Latin America and parts of the southern states of the USA, India has pushed principally into Europe through the efforts of powerful minority capitalists of Parsi and Gujerati background, overcoming technological gaps and differences through acquisitions and absorptions of existing corporations in particular industries, especially in steel, automobiles and textiles. In China, state owned corporations have been dominant. In India, though state owned enterprises have been powerful since 1951, it has been private capitalists with an established stronghold since the colonial period and even under the Socialist period from 1951-1991 who have been the more productive main actors both in India and abroad.
The Chinese and the Iron Road: Building the Transcontinental Railroad (Asian America)
by Gordon H. Chang Shelley Fisher FishkinThe completion of the transcontinental railroad in May 1869 is usually told as a story of national triumph and a key moment for American Manifest Destiny. The railroad made it possible to cross the country in a matter of days instead of months, paved the way for new settlers to come out West, and helped speed America's entry onto the world stage as a modern nation that spanned a full continent. It also created vast wealth for its four owners, including the fortune with which Leland Stanford would found Stanford University some two decades later. But while the transcontinental has often been celebrated in national memory, little attention has been paid to the Chinese workers who made up 90% of the workforce on the Western portion of the line. The railroad could not have been built without Chinese labor, but the lives of Chinese railroad workers themselves have been little understood and largely invisible. This landmark volume shines new light on the Chinese railroad workers and their place in cultural memory. The Chinese and the Iron Road illuminates more fully than ever before the interconnected economies of China and the US, how immigration across the Pacific changed both nations, the dynamics of the racism the workers encountered, the conditions under which they labored, and their role in shaping both the history of the railroad and the development of the American West.
The Chinese in America: A Narrative History
by Iris ChangIn an epic story that spans 150 years and continues to the present day, Iris Chang tells of a people's search for a better life--the determination of the Chinese to forge an identity and a destiny in a strange land and, often against great obstacles, to find success. She chronicles the many accomplishments in America of Chinese immigrants and their descendents: building the infrastructure of their adopted country, fighting racist and exclusionary laws, walking the racial tightrope between black and white, contributing to major scientific and technological advances, expanding the literary canon, and influencing the way we think about racial and ethnic groups. Interweaving political, social, economic, and cultural history, as well as the stories of individuals, Chang offers a bracing view not only of what it means to be Chinese American, but also of what it is to be American.
The Chinese of Sarawak: A Study of Social Structure
by Ju-K'ang TienInitially published in 1953, The Chinese of Sarawak, A Study of Social Structure, is the study of the social, economic and political organization of the Chinese Community during the author's visit of thirteen months in 1948 and 1949. Much of the material was obtained from personal interviews, as well as quotes from printed sources and from unpublished files of the Sarawak Government. The result is an enlightening and detailed analysis of a complex situation
The Chinese of Sukabumi: A Study of Social and Cultural Accommodation (Engaging Indonesia)
by Mely G. TanThis book explores the historical and contemporary experiences of the Chinese in Sukabumi, Indonesia, including their migration to the region, their economic activities, and their relationships with the local population. The book also examines the cultural practices of the Chinese in Sukabumi, including their religion, language, and traditions, and how they have adapted to the local culture. Through extensive research and analysis, the author provides a detailed account of the ways in which the Chinese of Sukabumi have navigated their place in Indonesian society, and the challenges they have faced in doing so. Presented as a co-published edition with Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, and released in memoriam to the late Mely G. Tan, this edition of The Chinese of Sukabumi honours this original comprehensive study of the social and cultural adaptation of the Chinese community in Sukabumi with the aim of bringing it to a wider international audience. It is an essential resource for scholars and students of Southeast Asian studies, as well as anyone interested in the cultural and social dynamics of the Chinese diaspora.
The Chinese/Vietnamese Diaspora: Revisiting the boat people (Routledge Contemporary Asia Series)
by Yuk Wah ChanOver three decades have passed since the first wave of Indochinese refugees left their homelands. These refugees, mainly the Vietnamese, fled from war and strife in search of a better life elsewhere. By investigating the Vietnamese diaspora in Asia, this book sheds new light on the Asian refugee era (1975-1991), refugee settlement and different patterns of host-guest interactions that will have implications for refugee studies elsewhere. The book provides: a clearer historical understanding of the group dynamics among refugees - the ethnic Chinese ‘Vietnamese refugees’ from both the North and South as well as the northern ‘Vietnamese refugees’ an examination of different aspects of migration including: planning for migration, choices of migration route, and reasons for migration an analysis of the ethnic and refugee politics during the refugee era, the settlement and subsequent resettlement. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of globalization, migration, ethnicities, refugee histories and politics.
The Chip: How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution
by T. R. ReidBarely fifty years ago a computer was a gargantuan, vastly expensive thing that only a handful of scientists had ever seen. The world's brightest engineers were stymied in their quest to make these machines small and affordable until the solution finally came from two ingenious young Americans. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce hit upon the stunning discovery that would make possible the silicon microchip, a work that would ultimately earn Kilby the Nobel Prize for physics in 2000. In this completely revised and updated edition of The Chip, T. R. Reid tells the gripping adventure story of their invention and of its growth into a global information industry. This is the story of how the digital age began.
The Chobanids of Kastamonu: Politics, Patronage and Religion in Thirteenth-Century Anatolia (Routledge Studies in the History of Iran and Turkey)
by Bruno De NicolaThis book provides a novel approach to the history of medieval Anatolia by analysing political, religious and cultural developments in the region of Kastamonu during the reign of the Chobanid dynasty (c. 1211–1309).During the 13th century, the Chobanids consolidated a local dynasty in western Anatolia – a borderland between Islam and Christianity – becoming cultural actors patronising the production of religious, scientific and administrative works in the Persian language. These works, though surviving today in manuscript form, have received little attention in modern historiography. The book therefore attends to this gap in the research, incorporating a detailed study of texts by little-known authors from the time. The book explores the relationship between Islam and the Chobanid dynasty in the context of the wider process of Islamisation in medieval Anatolia, hypothesising that Turkmen dynasties played a fundamental role in this process of Islamisation and acculturation. The Chobanids of Kastamonu, then, offers an in-depth study of a Turkmen local dynasty that achieved political autonomy, financial independence and cultural patronage in medieval Anatolia vis-à-vis the main political powers of the time.Attentive to religious diversity, state formation and processes of transculturation in medieval Anatolia, the book is key reading for scholars of Middle Eastern history and Islamic studies.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 license.
The Choctaw before Removal
by Carolyn Keller ReevesWith essays by William Brescia Jr., Robert B. Ferguson, Patricia K. Galloway, John D. W. Guice, Grayson Noley, Carolyn Keller Reeves, Margaret Zehmer Searcy, and Samuel J. WellsThis book focuses upon Choctaw history prior to 1830, when the tribe forfeited territorial claims and was removed from native lands in Mississippi. The included essays emphasize Choctaw anthropology, beliefs, and experience with the US government prior to the tribe's removal to Oklahoma. Attention is focused upon the ways in which European groups, frontiersmen, and state and federal officials affected the Choctaw ideology. This collection shows the relationship among the various forces that combined to erode the culture, economy, and political structure of the Choctaw.
The Choice We Face: How Segregation, Race, and Power Have Shaped America's Most Controversial Educat ion Reform Movement
by John N. HaleA comprehensive history of school choice in the US, from its birth in the 1950s as the most effective weapon to oppose integration to its lasting impact in reshaping the public education system today. Most Americans today see school choice as their inalienable right. In The Choice We Face, scholar Jon Hale reveals what most fail to see: school choice is grounded in a complex history of race, exclusion, and inequality. Through evaluating historic and contemporary education policies, Hale demonstrates how reframing the way we see school choice represents an opportunity to evolve from complicity to action. The idea of school choice, which emerged in the 1950s during the civil rights movement, was disguised by American rhetoric as a symbol of freedom and individualism. Shaped by the ideas of conservative economist Milton Friedman, the school choice movement was a weapon used to oppose integration and maintain racist and classist inequalities. Still supported by Democrats and Republicans alike, this policy continues to shape American education in nuanced ways, Hale shows—from the expansion of for-profit charter schools and civil rights–based reform efforts to the appointment of Betsy DeVos. Exposing the origins of a movement that continues to privilege middle- to upper-class whites while depleting the resources for students left behind, The Choice We Face is a bold, definitive new history that promises to challenge long-held assumptions on education and redefines our moment as an opportunity to save it—a choice we will not have for much longer.
The Choice: The Abortion Divide in America
by Danielle D'Souza GillFor fifty years the abortion debate has remained stagnant, trapped in sterile categories and familiar rhetoric. Each side thinks they know what the other has to say, so they don't listen. Consequently, they have become deaf to each other's pleas.Danielle D'Souza Gill, in a pathbreaking new book, blows the lid off the abortion debate, which is radically different than it was when the Supreme Court issued its landmark ruling of Roe v. Wade in 1973. Technology has transformed the landscape and allowed people to see development in the womb. Ultrasound has rendered many old assumptions about abortion obsolete.The Democratic Left has become radicalized on abortion. It is no longer a necessary evil, but a positive good. Consequently, the Left has legitimized a form of mass killing in this country that dwarfs the deaths caused by cancer, smoking, homicide, terrorism, and war.Writing with freshness, intelligence, and insight, Danielle explores the contours of the debate, taking into account new ideas, new technology, and new laws and putting forth a new vision for a life-affirming society.In Socratic style, Danielle builds her case in response to the strongest contentions of the pro-choice camp. She engages their most powerful arguments head-on, carefully examines them, and then dismantles them. The result is a pro-life argument so persuasive that it will reach into the heart of the most hardened opponent.While it is a heartbreaking book, it is in the end inspiring. No matter what you believe about abortion, this book will educate, astonish, and deeply move you. It may move you to a position different from what you now hold.If you read one book about abortion, make it this one, The Choice: The Abortion Divide in America.
The Choking Doberman: And Other Urban Legends
by Jan Harold Brunvand"A wonderfully entertaining book of American folklore and humor."—Elaine Kendall, Los Angeles Times Book Review Professor Jan Harold Brunvand expands his examination of the phenomenon of urban legends, those improbable, believable stories that always happen to a "friend of a friend."
The Chora of Croton 1: The Neolithic Settlement at Capo Alfiere
by Jon MorterIt provides comprehensive documentation of the economy, material culture, and way of life in the central Mediterranean in the sixth and fifth millennia BC. Most notable are the remains of a wattle-and-daub hut enclosed within a massive stone wall. Unique for this area, this well-preserved structure may have been used for special purposes such as ritual, as well as for habitation. The presence of Stentinello wares shows that the range of this pottery type extended further east than previously thought and casts new light on the development of ceramics in the area.
The Chora of Metaponto 4: The Late Roman Farmhouse at San Biagio
by Erminia LapadulaThis volume in the Institute of Classical Archaeology’s series on rural settlements in the countryside (chora) of Metaponto presents the excavation of the Late Roman farmhouse at San Biagio. Located near the site of an earlier Greek sanctuary, this modest but well-appointed structure was an unexpected find from a period generally marked by large landholdings and monumental villas. Description of earlier periods of occupation (Neolithic and Greek) is followed by a detailed discussion of the farmhouse itself and its historical and socioeconomic context. The catalogs and analyses of finds include impressive deposits of coins from the late third and early fourth centuries AD. Use of virtual reality CAD software has yielded a deeper understanding of the architectural structure and its reconstruction. A remarkable feature is the small bath complex, with its examples of window glass. This study reveals the existence of a small but viable rural social and economic entity and alternative to the traditional image of crisis and decline during the Late Imperial period.
The Chosen Few: How Education Shaped Jewish History, 70-1492 (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World #42)
by Maristella Botticini Zvi EcksteinHow the Jewish people went from farmers to merchantsIn 70 CE, the Jews were an agrarian and illiterate people living mostly in the Land of Israel and Mesopotamia. By 1492 the Jewish people had become a small group of literate urbanites specializing in crafts, trade, moneylending, and medicine in hundreds of places across the Old World, from Seville to Mangalore. What caused this radical change? The Chosen Few presents a new answer to this question by applying the lens of economic analysis to the key facts of fifteen formative centuries of Jewish history. Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein offer a powerful new explanation of one of the most significant transformations in Jewish history while also providing fresh insights into the growing debate about the social and economic impact of religion.
The Chosen Folks: Jews on the Frontiers of Texas (Jewish Life, History, and Culture)
by Bryan Edward StoneAn exploration of Jewish history in the Lone Star State, from the Jews who fled the Spanish Inquisition to contemporary Jewish communities.Texas has one of the largest Jewish populations in the South and West, comprising an often-overlooked vestige of the Diaspora. The Chosen Folks brings this rich aspect of the past to light, going beyond single biographies and photographic histories to explore the full evolution of the Jewish experience in Texas.Drawing on previously unpublished archival materials and synthesizing earlier research, Bryan Edward Stone begins with the crypto-Jews who fled the Spanish Inquisition in the late sixteenth century and then discusses the unique Texas-Jewish communities that flourished far from the acknowledged centers of Jewish history and culture. The effects of this peripheral identity are explored in depth, from the days when geographic distance created physical divides to the redefinitions of &“frontier&” that marked the twentieth century. The rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the creation of Israel in the wake of the Holocaust, and the civil rights movement are covered as well, raising provocative questions about the attributes that enabled Texas Jews to forge a distinctive identity on the national and world stage. Brimming with memorable narratives, The Chosen Folks brings to life a cast of vibrant pioneers.&“Stone is gifted thinker and storyteller. His book on the history of Texas Jewry integrates the collective scholarship and memoirs of generations of writers into a cohesive account with a strong interpretive message.&” —Hollace Ava Weiner, editor of Lone Stars of David: The Jews of Texas and Jewish Stars in Texas: Rabbis and Their Work&“A significant addition to the growing canon of Texas Jewish history. . . . What separates [Stone&’s] work from other accounts of Texas Jewry, and indeed other regional studies of American Jewish life, is a strong overarching narrative grounded in the power of the frontier.&” —Marcie Cohen Ferris, American Jewish History&“The Chosen Folks deserves widespread appeal. Those interested in Jewish studies, Texas history, and immigration will certainly find it a useful analysis. What&’s more, those concerned with the frontier—where Jewish, Texan, immigrant, and other identities intertwine, influence, and define each other—will especially benefit.&” —Scott M. Langston, Great Plains Quarterly
The Chosen Folks: Jews on the Frontiers of Texas (Jewish Life, History, and Culture)
by Bryan Edward StoneAn exploration of Jewish history in the Lone Star State, from the Jews who fled the Spanish Inquisition to contemporary Jewish communities.Texas has one of the largest Jewish populations in the South and West, comprising an often-overlooked vestige of the Diaspora. The Chosen Folks brings this rich aspect of the past to light, going beyond single biographies and photographic histories to explore the full evolution of the Jewish experience in Texas.Drawing on previously unpublished archival materials and synthesizing earlier research, Bryan Edward Stone begins with the crypto-Jews who fled the Spanish Inquisition in the late sixteenth century and then discusses the unique Texas-Jewish communities that flourished far from the acknowledged centers of Jewish history and culture. The effects of this peripheral identity are explored in depth, from the days when geographic distance created physical divides to the redefinitions of &“frontier&” that marked the twentieth century. The rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the creation of Israel in the wake of the Holocaust, and the civil rights movement are covered as well, raising provocative questions about the attributes that enabled Texas Jews to forge a distinctive identity on the national and world stage. Brimming with memorable narratives, The Chosen Folks brings to life a cast of vibrant pioneers.&“Stone is gifted thinker and storyteller. His book on the history of Texas Jewry integrates the collective scholarship and memoirs of generations of writers into a cohesive account with a strong interpretive message.&” —Hollace Ava Weiner, editor of Lone Stars of David: The Jews of Texas and Jewish Stars in Texas: Rabbis and Their Work&“A significant addition to the growing canon of Texas Jewish history. . . . What separates [Stone&’s] work from other accounts of Texas Jewry, and indeed other regional studies of American Jewish life, is a strong overarching narrative grounded in the power of the frontier.&” —Marcie Cohen Ferris, American Jewish History&“The Chosen Folks deserves widespread appeal. Those interested in Jewish studies, Texas history, and immigration will certainly find it a useful analysis. What&’s more, those concerned with the frontier—where Jewish, Texan, immigrant, and other identities intertwine, influence, and define each other—will especially benefit.&” —Scott M. Langston, Great Plains Quarterly