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The Making of the Doric Temple: Architecture, Religion, and Social Change in Archaic Greece
by Gabriel ZuchtriegelIn this volume, Gabriel Zuchtriegel revisits the idea of Doric architecture as the paradigm of architectural and artistic evolutionism. Bringing together old and new archaeological data, some for the first time, he posits that Doric architecture has little to do with a wood-to-stone evolution. Rather, he argues, it originated in tandem with a disruptive shift in urbanism, land use, and colonization in Archaic Greece. Zuchtriegel presents momentous architectural change as part of a broader transformation that involved religion, politics, economics, and philosophy. As Greek elites colonized, explored, and mapped the Mediterranean, they sought a new home for the gods in the changing landscapes of the sixth-century BC Greek world. Doric architecture provided an answer to this challenge, as becomes evident from parallel developments in architecture, art, land division, urban planning, athletics, warfare, and cosmology. Building on recent developments in geography, gender, and postcolonial studies, this volume offers a radically new interpretation of architecture and society in Archaic Greece.
The Making of the Medieval Middle East: Religion, Society, and Simple Believers
by Jack TannousA bold new religious history of the late antique and medieval Middle East that places ordinary Christians at the center of the storyIn the second half of the first millennium CE, the Christian Middle East fractured irreparably into competing churches and Arabs conquered the region, setting in motion a process that would lead to its eventual conversion to Islam. Jack Tannous argues that key to understanding these dramatic religious transformations are ordinary religious believers, often called “the simple” in late antique and medieval sources. Largely agrarian and illiterate, these Christians outnumbered Muslims well into the era of the Crusades, and yet they have typically been invisible in our understanding of the Middle East’s history.What did it mean for Christian communities to break apart over theological disagreements that most people could not understand? How does our view of the rise of Islam change if we take seriously the fact that Muslims remained a demographic minority for much of the Middle Ages? In addressing these and other questions, Tannous provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious history of the medieval Middle East.This provocative book draws on a wealth of Greek, Syriac, and Arabic sources to recast these conquered lands as largely Christian ones whose growing Muslim populations are properly understood as converting away from and in competition with the non-Muslim communities around them.
The Making of the Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean from the Beginning to the Emergence of the Classical World
by Cyprian BroodbankAn award-winning history of the Mediterranean from prehistory to the Classical world reissued with an extended new preface by the author. For millennia, the Mediterranean has been one of the global cockpits of human endeavor. World- class interpretations exist of its classical and subsequent history, but there has been remarkably little holistic exploration of how its societies, culture, and economies first came into being, despite the fact that almost all the fundamental developments originated well before 500 BCE. The Making of the Middle Sea offers a full interpretive exploration into the rise of the Mediterranean world from its beginning, before the emergence of our own species, up to the threshold of classical times. Extensively illustrated and ranging across disciplines, subject matter, and chronology, from early humans and the origins of farming and metallurgy to the rise of civilizations—Egyptian, Levantine, Hispanic, Minoan, Mycenaean, Phoenician, Etruscan, early Greek—the book is a masterpiece of archaeological and historical writing. Now featuring a new preface exploring the most recent archaeological research on the Mediterranean world.
The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman (Routledge Library Editions: The Gulf #10)
by Rosemarie Said ZahlanThe Gulf States are the focus of great international interest – yet their fabulous evolution from pearl-fishing to oil-drilling, their individuality and variety, are screened by a thick cloud of petro-dollars. This book, first published in 1989, tells the story of their formation, their evolution from colonial dependency to statehood, and their transformation by oil. The result is an informed and balanced picture of the political, economic, religious and cultural character of the area. It is also a story of the powerful families and their sheikhs that have had to hurry these states into the modern world; of the interchanging role of political and economic dependence, the influence of the oil industry, the influx of workers from abroad, and the varying forces acting on the Gulf States.
The Making of the Modern Muslim State: Islam and Governance in the Middle East and North Africa (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics #90)
by Malika ZeghalAn innovative analysis that traces the continuity of the state&’s custodianship of Islam as the preferred religion in the Middle East and North Africa In The Making of the Modern Muslim State, Malika Zeghal reframes the role of Islam in modern Middle East governance. Challenging other accounts that claim that Middle Eastern states turned secular in modern times, Zeghal shows instead the continuity of the state&’s custodianship of Islam as the preferred religion. Drawing on intellectual, political, and economic history, she traces this custodianship from early forms of constitutional governance in the nineteenth century through post–Arab Spring experiments in democracy. Zeghal argues that the intense debates around the implementation and meaning of state support for Islam led to a political cleavage between conservatives and their opponents that long predated the polarization of the twentieth century that accompanied the emergence of mass politics and Islamist movements.Examining constitutional projects, public spending, school enrollments, and curricula, Zeghal shows that although modern Muslim-majority polities have imported Western techniques of governance, the state has continued to protect and support the religion, community, and institutions of Islam. She finds that even as Middle Eastern states have expanded their nonreligious undertakings, they have dramatically increased their per capita supply of public religious provisions, especially Islamic education—further feeding the political schism between Islamists and their adversaries. Zeghal illuminates the tensions inherent in the partnerships between states and the body of Muslim scholars known as the ulama, whose normative power has endured through a variety of political regimes. Her detailed and groundbreaking analysis, which spans Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon, makes clear the deep historical roots of current political divisions over Islam in governance.
The Making of the New Japan: Reclaiming the Political Mainstream
by Yasuhiro Nakasone IPS Chiyoda-ku Leslie ConnorsYasuhiro Nakasone's rise to political prominence began under the watchful eye of the American occupation with which he had a direct and confrontational relationship, arguing for the ending of the occupation and the restoration of sovereignty to Japan. Nakasone argued for Japan's need to become a 'normal' nation which in his view involved an enhanced international role for Japan and an enhanced role for the prime minister in domestic policy-making. Both ideas have come to win an increasingly broad acceptance, although Nakasone's slow rise to the position of prime minister bears testament to the controversy aroused by his views. These political memoirs chart the journey from his youth in the aftermath of the First World War to his appearance on the world stage at the side of President Reagan. They conclude with his thoughts, on the eve of the domestic upheavals which saw the fall of the LDP, on the prospects for a third 'opening' of Japan to rival the Meiji Restoration and the MacArthur reforms. Now an adviser to a younger generation of politicians, he is regarded by many as a modern-day Genro for Japan.
The Making of the New Martyrs of Russia: Soviet Repression in Orthodox Memory (Routledge Religion, Society and Government in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet States)
by Karin Hyldal ChristensenFollowing the end of the Soviet Union, the Russian Orthodox Church has canonized a great number of Russian saints. Whereas in the first millennium of Russian Christianity (988-1988) the Church recognized merely 300 Russian saints, the number had grown to more than 2,000 by 2006. This book explores the remarkable phenomenon of new Russian martyrdom. It outlines the process of canonization, examines how saints are venerated, and relates all this to the ways in which the Russian state and its people have chosen to remember the Soviet Union and commemorate the victims of its purges. The book includes in-depth case studies of particular saints and examines the diverse ways in which they are venerated.
The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures
by Barbara H. Rosenwein Bonnie G. Smith Lynn Hunt R. Po-chia Hsia Thomas R. MartinPraised for its highly readable narrative and unmatched chronological integration of political, social and cultural history,The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures captures the spirit of each age as it situates Europe within a global context. An innovative organization seamlessly connects historical events and everyday life, while the text's distinctive features introduce students to the process of historical thinking. The fully revised second edition includes superior student support, 60 additional in-text primary sources, and comprehensive treatment of the post-1945 era.
The Makings and Unmakings of Americans: Indians and Immigrants in American Literature and Culture, 1879-1924 (The Henry Roe Cloud Series on American Indians and Modernity)
by Cristina StanciuChallenges the myth of the United States as a nation of immigrants by bringing together two groups rarely read together: Native Americans and Eastern European immigrants In this cultural history of Americanization during the Progressive Era, Cristina Stanciu argues that new immigrants and Native Americans shaped the intellectual and cultural debates over inclusion and exclusion, challenging ideas of national belonging, citizenship, and literary and cultural production. Deeply grounded in a wide-ranging archive of Indigenous and new immigrant writing and visual culture—including congressional acts, testimonies, news reports, cartoons, poetry, fiction, and silent film—this book brings together voices of Native and immigrant America. Stanciu shows that, although Native Americans and new immigrants faced different legal and cultural obstacles to citizenship, the challenges they faced and their resistance to assimilation and Americanization often ran along parallel paths. Both struggled against idealized models of American citizenship that dominated public spaces. Both participated in government-sponsored Americanization efforts and worked to gain agency and sovereignty while negotiating naturalization. Rethinking popular understandings of Americanization, Stanciu argues that the new immigrants and Native Americans at the heart of this book expanded the narrow definitions of American identity.
The Malaria Capers: Tales Of Parasites And People
by Robert S. Desowitz"Reads like a murder mystery…[Desowitz] writes with uncommon lucidity and verse, leaving the reader with a vivid understanding of malaria and other tropical diseases, and the ways in which culture, climate and politics have affected their spread and containment." —New York Times Why, Robert S. Desowitz asks, has biotechnical research on malaria produced so little when it had promised so much? An expert in tropical diseases, Desowtiz searches for answers in this provocative book.
The Malay Archipelago Part One: Scientific Travellers 1790-1877 Volume VII
by Alfred Russel WallaceDedicated to Charles Darwin, The Malay Archipelago- the land of the Orang-utan and the Bird of Paradise is a narrative of travel with studies of man and nature. This is part one of two volumes.
The Malay Archipelago Part Two: Scientific Travellers 1790-1877 VIII
by Alfred Russel WallaceDedicated to Charles Darwin, The Malay Archipelago- the land of the Orang-utan and the Bird of Paradise is a narrative of travel with studies of man and nature. This is part two of two volumes.
The Malay Archipelago: A Travel Narrative
by Alfred Russel WallaceWritten by a famed 19th-century scientist who laid the groundwork for much of modern biology, this influential work remains one of the great classics of natural history and travel. Detailing his eight-year exploration of the Malay Archipelago, Wallace offers observations of the native people of the island groupings, the abundant and strange animals and insects, and more.
The Malay Magician: Being Shaman, Saiva and Sufi (Routledge Revivals)
by R. O. WinstedtFirst published in 1951, The Malay Magician employs historical and comparative data to unravel the different elements – pagan, Hindu and Muslim – in a complex system of Malay magic, as it exists in the Federation of Malay in general and more specifically as it exists in the Malay States of Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Selangor and Negri Sembilan. Tied up with the concept of magic is the Malay magician, whose many functions and roles in the society are discussed in detail. This book will be of interest to students of anthropology, sociology, history and cultural studies.
The Malays: A Cultural History (Routledge Revivals)
by R. O. WinstedtFirst published in 1961, The Malays reveals the Malay as the inheritor of an ancient and complex civilization made up of Mongolian shamanism; Assyrio-Babylonian and Tantric magic; art motifs from the steppes; Dong-so’n and India; the religions, folklore and literature of Buddhist, Hindu and Muslim; the laws of a peasantry who abandoned democracy for the feudal role of Hindu Rajas, the earthly incarnations of Indra. There are chapters dealing with the origin of the Malays and their descent from Yunnan, their social, political, legal and economic systems, their beliefs and religions and arts and crafts. This book should also be of value to all interested in history, art and the culture of India and of the Far East and to all students of Islam.
The Male Body in Representation: Returning to Matter (Palgrave Studies in (Re)Presenting Gender)
by Carmen Dexl Silvia GerlsbeckThis international and multidisciplinary volume focuses on the male body and constructions of gender in a variety of cultural productions and formats. Locating the subject matter in relevant theoretical fields, it looks at representations of male bodies in various contexts through paranoid and reparative lenses. Organized into four major sections, the contributions assembled in this book feature engaging readings of ‘non/conforming bodies’, ‘fashionable bodies’, ‘passing bodies’, and ‘pioneering bodies’ that to different degrees foreground their critical and creative potentials. In its full scope, the book acknowledges the plurality of gendered experiences and the diversity of male bodies. The Male Body in Representation: Returning to Matter adds to Cultural Studies scholarship interested in the body and gender in general and contributes to the fields of Masculinity and Body Studies in particular.
The Male Brain: A Breakthrough Understanding of How Men and Boys Think
by Louann BrizendineA breezy and enlightening guide to women and a must-read for men, this book is the eagerly awaited follow-up book that demystifies the puzzling male brain.
The Male Chauvinist Pig: A History
by Julie WillettIn the social upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s, a series of stock characters emerged to define and bolster white masculinity. Alongside such caricatures as "the Playboy" and "the Redneck" came a new creation: "the Male Chauvinist Pig." Coined by second-wave feminists as an insult, the Male Chauvinist Pig was largely defined by an anti-feminism that manifested in boorish sexist jokes. But the epithet backfired: being a sexist pig quickly transformed into a badge of honor worn proudly by misogynists, and, in time, it would come to define a strain of right-wing politics. Historian Julie Willett tracks the ways in which the sexist pig was sanitized by racism, popularized by consumer culture, weaponized to demean feminists, and politicized to mobilize libertine sexists to adopt reactionary politics.Mapping out a trajectory that links the sexist buffoonery of Bobby Riggs in the 1970s, the popularity of Rush Limbaugh's screeds against "Feminazis" in the 1990s, and the present day misogyny underpinning Trumpism, Willett makes a case for the potency of this seemingly laughable cultural symbol, showing what can happen when we neglect or trivialize the political power of humor.
The Male Complaint: The Manosphere and Misogyny Online
by Simon James CoplandInspired by leaders such as Andrew Tate and Jordan Peterson, the online Manosphere has exploded in recent years. Dedicated to anti-feminism, these communities have orchestrated online campaigns of misogynistic harassment, with some individuals going as far as committing violent terrorist attacks. Although the Manosphere has become a focus point of the media, researchers and governments alike, discussions tend to either over-sensationalize the community or offer simplistic explanations for their existence. This book uses a mixture of historical and economic analysis, alongside actual Manosphere content, to delve deeper. With The Male Complaint, Simon James Copland explains how the Manosphere has developed and why it appeals to so many men. He argues that the Manosphere is not an aberration, but is deeply embedded within mainstream, neoliberal, social structures. For a cohort of alienated men, the promise of community provides a space of understanding, connection and purpose. This insightful book dares to dig into the corners of incel communities and online spaces where misogyny thrives. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand, and do something about, this growing and worrying phenomenon.
The Male Dancer: Bodies, Spectacle, Sexualities
by Ramsay BurtIn this challenging and lively book, Burt examines the representation of masculinity in twentieth century dance. The Male Dancer has proven to be essential reading for anyone interested in dance and the cultural construction of gender.
The Male Mind at Work: A Woman's Guide To Winning At Working With Men
by Deborah J. SwissKnowledge is a powerful tool. The Male Mind at Work answers the troublesome and intriguing questions about how men think, feel, and behave on the job. This thought-provoking book shatters myths about what really goes on in the male mind while confirming for women the realities about gender differences that have always existed. With a focus on how to bypass difficulties smoothly, it offers clear strategies for women who feel frustrated because male colleagues speak a different language or play by different rules.
The Mama's Boy Myth
by Kate Stone LombardiA radical reexamination of the mother-and-son relationship that advocates the end of the "mama's boy" taboo. Mothers get the message early and often--push your sons away. Don't keep them emotionally bound to you. Back off, because boys need to learn to stand on their own. It is as if there were an existing playbook--based on gender role preconceptions dating back to Freud, Oedipus, and beyond--that prescribes the way mothers and their sons should interact. Kate Stone Lombardi, an award-winning journalist who has written for the New York Times for more than twenty years, persuasively argues that much of the entrenched "wisdom" about mothers and sons is hopelessly outdated. Highlighting new research, The Mama's Boy Myth reveals that boys who are close to their mothers are happier, more secure, and enjoy stronger connections with their friends and ultimately their spouses. With revealing interviews and moving case studies, Lombardi argues that the rise of the new male--one who is more emotionally intelligent and sensitive without being less "manly"--is directly attributable to women who reject the mama's boy taboo.
The Mammary Plays
by Paula VogelThe Mineola Twins and How I Learned To Drive are mirror-image family plays about coming of age in the '60s. The Mineola Twins, primarily set on Long Island, New York, is the more fiercely comic and political of the two. How I Learned To Drive, set mostly in Maryland, is a more delicate tale of sexual awakening.