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Engines of Anxiety: Academic Rankings, Reputation, and Accountability
by Michael Sauder Wendy Nelson EspelandStudents and the public routinely consult various published college rankings to assess the quality of colleges and universities and easily compare different schools. However, many institutions have responded to the rankings in ways that benefit neither the schools nor their students. In Engines of Anxiety, sociologists Wendy Espeland and Michael Sauder delve deep into the mechanisms of law school rankings, which have become a top priority within legal education. Based on a wealth of observational data and over 200 in-depth interviews with law students, university deans, and other administrators, they show how the scramble for high rankings has affected the missions and practices of many law schools. Engines of Anxiety tracks how rankings, such as those published annually by the U.S. News & World Report, permeate every aspect of legal education, beginning with the admissions process. The authors find that prospective law students not only rely heavily on such rankings to evaluate school quality, but also internalize rankings as expressions of their own abilities and flaws. For example, they often view rejections from “first-tier” schools as a sign of personal failure. The rankings also affect the decisions of admissions officers, who try to balance admitting diverse classes with preserving the school’s ranking, which is dependent on factors such as the median LSAT score of the entering class. Espeland and Sauder find that law schools face pressure to admit applicants with high test scores over lower-scoring candidates who possess other favorable credentials. Engines of Anxiety also reveals how rankings have influenced law schools’ career service departments. Because graduates’ job placements play a major role in the rankings, many institutions have shifted their career-services resources toward tracking placements, and away from counseling and network-building. In turn, law firms regularly use school rankings to recruit and screen job candidates, perpetuating a cycle in which highly ranked schools enjoy increasing prestige. As a result, the rankings create and reinforce a rigid hierarchy that penalizes lower-tier schools that do not conform to the restrictive standards used in the rankings. The authors show that as law schools compete to improve their rankings, their programs become more homogenized and less accessible to non-traditional students. The ranking system is considered a valuable resource for learning about more than 200 law schools. Yet, Engines of Anxiety shows that the drive to increase a school’s rankings has negative consequences for students, educators, and administrators and has implications for all educational programs that are quantified in similar ways.
England's Ideal and Other Papers on Social Subjects: And Other Papers On Social Subjects (1895) (Routledge Revivals: The Collected Works of Edward Carpenter)
by Edward CarpenterOriginally published in 1887, Edward Carpenter’s England’s Ideal and other Papers on Social Subjects is a collection of his essays in the field of Social Science with a focus on English society at the time of writing. His writing was so influential that there was a near constant demand in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for this work to be reprinted with this particular edition being published in 1919. Papers included in this volume discuss issues such as labour, trade and property and all provide insight into the English class structure as well as illuminating Carpenter’s socialist values. This title will be of interest to students of sociology.
England's Witchcraft Trials
by Willow WinshamBy the author of Accused comes “an entertaining as well as illuminating” history of Britain’s most infamous witch hunts and trials (Magnolia Review). With the echo of that chilling injunction, “Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live,” hundreds of people were accused and tried for witchcraft across England throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. With fear and suspicion rife, neighbor turned against neighbor, friend against friend, as women, men, and children alike were caught up in the deadly fervor that swept through villages. From the feared covens of Pendle Forest to the victims of the notorious and fanatical Witchfinder Generals Matthew Hopkins and John Stearns, so-called witches were suspected, accused, and dragged to trial to await judgement and face their inevitable and damnable fate. In this “interesting, informative and insightful” book, historian Willow Winsham draws on a wealth of primary sources including trial transcripts, parish, and country records, and the often sensational—and highly prejudicial—pamphlets that were published after each trial. Her exhaustive research reveals just how frightening, violent, and terribly common the scourge really was, and explores the social conditions, class divisions, and religious mania that stoked its flames (All About History).
English After RP: Standard British Pronunciation Today
by Geoff LindseyThis book concisely describes ways in which today's standard British English speech differs from the upper-class accent of the last century, Received Pronunciation, which many now find old-fashioned or even comic. In doing so it provides a much-needed update to the existing RP-based descriptions by which the sound system of British English is still known to many around the world.The book opens with an account of the rise and fall of RP, before turning to a systematic analysis of the phonetic developments between RP and contemporary Standard Southern British (SSB) in vowels, consonants, stress, connected speech and intonation. Topics covered include the anti-clockwise vowel shift, the use of glottal stops, 'intrusive r', vocal fry and Uptalk. It concludes with a Mini Dictionary of well over 100 words illustrating the changes described throughout the book, and provides a chart of updated IPA vowel symbols.This book is an essential resource for anyone interested in British pronunciation and sound change, including academics in phonetics, phonology, applied linguistics and English language; trainers of English teachers; English teachers themselves; teachers of voice and accent coaches; and students in those areas.
English Classes in Slumber: Why Korean Students Sleep in Language Education
by Mun Woo Lee S.-H. Gyemyong AhnThis book explains why some Korean high school students sleep during English classes in spite of the emphasized value of English in their society. It examines how this sleeping-in-class phenomenon can be understood by means of such marginalized students’ emic outlooks on themselves, the target language, their teachers, schools, and society/culture; and by means of the views of teachers who have experienced such in-class sleepers. To understand the phenomenon more holistically, it pursues a multi-disciplinary approach drawing on studies of demotivation and amotivation, psychological needs, and student experiences of schooling, as well as sociocultural theories of learning and agency and of interpersonal dynamics, among others. On the basis of a multi-modal analysis of interview data from the student and teacher participants, it theoretically interprets the phenomenon at the classroom (‘micro-’), school (‘meso-’) and society-culture (‘macro-’) levels. Taking a humanistic/existential approach to education, it subsequently presents a number of cultural actions that it advocates implementing in a situation-sensitive manner to help in-class sleepers and their educational institutions awaken from their chronic slumber. Lastly, it presents practical and theoretical implications for more humanistic pedagogy, and global studies of student disengagement, in English-as-a-foreign-language classes.
English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850-1980 (2nd Edition)
by Martin Joel WienerEngland was the world's first great industrial nation. Yet the English have never been comfortable with industrialism. Drawing upon a wide array of sources, Martin Wiener explores the English ambivalence to modern industrial society. His work reveals a pervasive middle- and upper-class frame of mind hostile to industrialism and economic growth. From the middle of the nineteenth century to the present, this frame of mind shaped a broad spectrum of cultural expression, including literature, journalism, and architecture, as well as social, historical, and economic thought. In this edition, Wiener reflects on the original debate surrounding the work and examines the historiography of the last few decades. Written in a graceful and accessible style, with reference to a broad range of people and ideas, this book will be of interest to all readers who wish to understand the development - and predicament - of modern England.
English Education and the Radicals: 1780-1850 (Routledge Library Editions: Education)
by Harold SilverThe radicalism of the period from the 1780s to the mid-nineteenth century represented a harnessing of knowledge in protest against injustices and oppression, a pooling of effort to transform society. In this book the author explores the main strains in working and middle-class radicalism over this crucial period, with emphasis on the educational ideas and activities of radical movements, their spokesmen and ideologies. The author stresses some of the central educational interests of radical movements through the radical organizations of the 1780s and 1790s, and early nineteenth-century political and social movements, including the utilitarians, Owenites, Chartists and Tory radicals. He discusses educational ideas and action with regard to infants and adults, basic literacy and political understanding, examines some of the forms of study, self-education and propaganda to political action. This book is a study in miniature of the processes of political and social change in a period of industrial, political and social revolution – its theme is education in its widest sense.
English Humanism: Wyatt to Cowley (Routledge Revivals)
by Joanna MartindaleThe literature of the English Renaissance demands some attention to the intellectual and educational background which produced it, in order to be seen in proper perspective. The selection in this book, originally published in 1985, both illustrate the intellectual climate of the English Renaissance and exemplify some of its characteristics, though not strictly literary products. These include education, classicism and imitation, wisdom and eloquence, history and moral philosophy, religion and vernacular scripture. Erasmus has been given a dominant place in the anthology as the main mediator of humanist ideas to England; other authors represented include Castiglione, Machiavelli, Sir Thomas Elyot, Roger Ascham and Ben Jonson. This volume charts precisely the debt of English Renaissance literature to Continental Humanism and the classical revival and is a valuable contribution to an understanding of the literature and society of the time.
English Landed Society in the Eighteenth Century
by G.E MingayFirst published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
English Language Education for Graduate Employability in Vietnam (Global Vietnam: Across Time, Space and Community)
by Ly Thi Tran Tran Le Huu Nghia Mai Tuyet NgoThis open access book examines the teaching and learning of English for employability in Vietnamese higher education. Its content is framed within one country to better examine the research issues within the influence of contextual factors. This book investigates how English can contribute to the development of students' employability capitals, particularly in the aspects of human capital, social capital, cultural capital, identity capital, and psychological capital. It presents employers' and employees’ perspectives of how and why English is increasingly important for career development. This book is a collection of discussions and viewpoints from teachers, students, and other stakeholders like employers, graduates, and course coordinators on current practices and their proposed improvements to prepare students for their future education, work and life. Based on empirical evidence, this book calls for repositioning English language education within the employability agenda to elevate its status and increase stakeholders' engagement. This book contributes to current debates on advancing the effectiveness of English language education in non-English speaking countries, as a response to internationalization and globalization.
English Language Ideologies in Korea
by Jinhyun ChoThis volume critically examines the phenomenon of "English fever" in South Korea from both micro- and macro-perspectives. Drawing on original research and rich illustrative examples, the book investigates two key questions: why is English so popular in Korea, and why is there such a gap between the 'dreams' and 'realities' associated with English in Korea? These questions are explored through the eyes of English-Korean translators and interpreters, who represent the professional group most intensely engaged in the zeal for English language mastery. Macro-perspectives focus on historical factors leading to the rise of English, with English-Korean translation and interpreting as a key theme. Micro-perspectives explore the dreams that individuals attach to English and the ways in which they imagine it can transform their lives, and contrast these dreams with the stark realities felt on the ground. The gaps between these dreams and realities are explored from various angles, which include commodification, gender and neoliberalism. The book thus offers fresh insights on how the phenomenon of "English fever" has been created, reproduced, and sustained from both historical and contemporary viewpoints.
English Language and General Studies Education in the United Arab Emirates: Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Perspectives (English Language Teaching: Theory, Research and Pedagogy)
by Christine Coombe Georgia Daleure Lana HiasatThis book presents an up-to-date account of current English-language English teaching and General Studies practices in the UAE. The chapters, written by leading language teacher educators, feature theoretical and empirical aspects of teaching, learning, assessment as well as related research. Throughout the book, the link between theory and practice is highlighted and exemplified. This reader-friendly book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, researchers and administrators of English language and general studies programs in the UAE and beyond who wish to keep abreast of recent developments in the field.
English Language in India: A Dichotomy between Economic Growth and Inclusive Growth
by Jaskiran BediThis book examines the relationship between the English language and growth – economic and inclusive – in India. It explores why English continues to be the language of aspiration long after Independence. With the second largest English-speaking population in the world today, India is testimonial to how a linguistic legacy continues to cast a long shadow on its contemporary discourse in the economic arena. The volume: Explores how English language proficiency constitutes as human capital. Draws in the latest India Human Development Survey data. Investigates the relationship between the language and economic indicators such as wages, household income and state growth. Purther investigates the role of English language in the inclusivity of growth. Provides a snapshot of the pedagogy of English in the Indian education system. First of its kind in scope, this volume will be of great interest to scholars of economics, education, sociolinguistics, development studies, politics and sociology. It will also be of great interest to the general reader.
English Literacy Instruction for Chinese Speakers
by Mark Feng Teng Barry Lee ReynoldsWritten with an emphasis on instruction, policy, practice, and assessment, this book focuses on English literacy at the pre-primary/primary, secondary, and university level, and discusses literacy policies in the region. An easy-to-read, solidly grounded book, it offers practical, thought provoking resources for classroom teachers and educators. It notably features explanations of key literacy skills, up-to-date research findings, and classroom applications that are contextualized for mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. This book provides pre-service and in-service teachers, English classroom practitioners, language teacher educators, literacy researchers, and students in research/teacher training programs a core set of instructional techniques on how to incorporate literacy-related ideas into English language classrooms. A valuable pedagogical resource for teaching and learning L2/EFL literacy, this book also highlights discussions on language and literacy policies and new examples of actual classroom teachers that have put English literacy instruction into practice.
English National Identity and Football Fan Culture: Who Are Ya?
by Tom GibbonsIn recent years, scholars have understood the increasing use of the St George’s Cross by football fans to be evidence of a rise in a specifically ’English’ identity. This has emerged as part of a wider ’national’ response to broader political processes such as devolution and European integration which have fragmented identities within the UK. Using the controversial figurational sociological approach advocated by the twentieth-century theorist Norbert Elias, this book challenges such a view, drawing on ethnographic research amongst fans to explore the precise nature of the relationship between contemporary English national identity and football fan culture. Examining football fans’ expressions of Englishness in public houses and online spaces, the author discusses the effects of globalization, European integration and UK devolution on English society, revealing that the use of the St George’s Cross does not signal the emergence of a specifically ’English’ national consciousness, but in fact masks a more complex, multi-layered process of national identity construction. A detailed and grounded study of identity, nationalism and globalization amongst football fans, English National Identity and Football Fan Culture will appeal to scholars and students of politics, sociology and anthropology with interests in ethnography, the sociology of sport, fan cultures, globalization and contemporary national identities.
English Prim Educ Pt1 Ils 226: A Sociological Description (International Library of Sociology)
by W.A.L. BlythFirst published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
English Prim Educ Pt2 Ils 227: A Sociological Description (International Library of Sociology)
by W.A.L. BlythFirst Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
English Pris&Borstal Ils 205 (International Library of Sociology)
by LIONEL W FOXFirst published in 2013. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
English Pronunciation Models in a Globalized World: Accent, Acceptability and Hong Kong English (Routledge Studies in World Englishes)
by Andrew SewellThis book explores the topics of English accents and pronunciation. It highlights their connections with several important issues in the study of English in the world, including intelligibility, identity, and globalization. The unifying strand is provided by English pronunciation models: what do these models consist of, and why? The focus on pronunciation teaching is combined with sociolinguistic perspectives on global English, and the wider question asked by the book is: what does it mean to teach English pronunciation in a globalized world? The book takes Hong Kong – ‘Asia’s World City’ – as a case study of how global and local influences interact, and of how decisions about teaching need to reflect this interaction. It critically examines existing approaches to global English, such as World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca, and considers their contributions as well as their limitations in the Hong Kong context. A data-based approach with quantitative and qualitative data anchors the discussion and assists in the development of criteria for the contents of pronunciation models. English Pronunciation Models in a Globalized World: Accent, Acceptability and Hong Kong English discusses, among other issues: Global English: A socio-linguistic toolkit Accents and Communication: Intelligibility in global English Teaching English Pronunciation: The models debate Somewhere Between: Accent and pronunciation in Hong Kong Researchers and practitioners of English studies and applied linguistics will find this book an insightful resource.
English Pronunciation Teaching and Research: Contemporary Perspectives (Research and Practice in Applied Linguistics)
by Martha C. Pennington Pamela Rogerson-RevellThis book offers contemporary perspectives on English pronunciation teaching and research in the context of increasing multilingualism and English as an international language. It reviews current theory and practice in pronunciation pedagogy, language learning, language assessment, and technological developments, and presents an expanded view of pronunciation in communication, education, and employment. Its eight chapters provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of pronunciation and the linguistic and social functions it fulfils. Topics include pronunciation in first and second language acquisition; instructional approaches and factors impacting teachers’ curriculum decisions; methods for assessing pronunciation; the use of technology for pronunciation teaching, learning, and testing; pronunciation issues of teachers who are second-language speakers; and applications of pronunciation research and pedagogy in L1 literacy and speech therapy, forensic linguistics, and health, workplace, and political communication. The chapters also critically examine the research base supporting specific teaching approaches and identify research gaps in need of further investigation. This rigorous work will provide an invaluable resource for teachers and teacher educators; in addition to researchers in the fields of applied linguistics, phonology and communication.
English Rhythm and Blues: Where Language and Music Come Together
by Patrice Paul LarroquePatrice Larroque hypothesizes that early blues singers may have been influenced by the trochaic rhythm of English. English is stressed and timed, which means that there is a regular beat to the language, just like there is a beat in a blues song. This regular beat falls on important words in the sentence and unimportant ones do not get stressed. They are “squeezed” between the salient words to keep the rhythm. The apparent contradiction between the fundamentally trochaic rhythm of spoken English and the syncopated ternary rhythm of blues may be resolved as the stressed syllables of the trochee (a stressed-unstressed sequence) is naturally lengthened and assumes the role of one strongly and one weakly stressed syllable in a ternary rhythm. The book suggests investigating the rhythm of English and the rhythm of blues in order to show how the linguistic rhythm of a culture can be reflected in the rhythm of its music.
English Rural Life: Village Activities, Organizations and Institutions (International Library of Sociology #Vol. 171)
by H. E. BraceyFirst Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
English Social Differences (Routledge Revivals)
by T. H. PearFirst published in 1955, English Social Differences records and discusses numerous observations of the English social scene in the 20th century. Included are significant facts connected with manners, etiquette, speech, clothes and fashion, sports and games, and the many varieties of school and university education. The belief that some public schools train character rather than intellect is examined in detail. Different concepts of class, stratum, status, elite, gentleman and aristocrat are compared. This book will be of interest to students of history and sociology.
English Society In The 18th Century
by Roy PorterThe Penguin Social History of Britain: English Society in the Eighteenth Century
English Wetlands: Spaces of nature, culture, imagination
by Andrew Church Mary Gearey Neil RavenscroftThis book argues that to understand wetlands is to understand human development. Using case studies drawn from three English wetlands, the book moves between empirical research and scholarship to interrogate how these particular ecosystems have played an essential part in the development of our contemporary society; yet inhabit a strange place in our national psyche. Chapters address a range of cultural and environmental wetland concerns. Consideration is given to: the ways in which we have revered, engineered and renaturalised these landscapes throughout history; English wetlands as spaces of beauty, creativity, reflection, rejuvenation and multi-species interactions; accelerating climate change in an age of neoliberalism. The final chapter then is a reflection on our collective lives together alongside other species, exploring what sustainability transitions might mean for human-wetland relationships.