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European Neonatal Research: Consent, Ethics Committees and Law (Routledge Revivals)
by Chris Megone Su MasonThis title was first published in 2001. An important book presenting the results of the European Union funded EURICON project in biomedical ethics. Involving experts in eleven countries, this project was motivated by European neonatal clinicians’ concerns about the problem of obtaining informed consent in neonatal research. It addressed the difficulties of obtaining consent from subjects involved in such research, and investigated the relevance and appropriateness of obtaining consent from parents. The project also examined the work of Research Ethics Committees in Europe. It explored their responses to EURICON’s analysis of the views of clinicians and parents, and their attitudes towards the relevant laws and legal requirements. The wide geographical scope of the project enabled international comparisons of the opinions of clinicians and parents, the legal frameworks governing neonatal research, and the effectiveness of Research Ethics Committees. This is the first such investigation on a European scale, and it offers a unique interdisciplinary approach to these issues. Incorporating clinical, ethical, legal and sociological perspectives, the results and recommendations presented in this book will be of widespread significance to practitioners, researchers and policy makers throughout Europe and beyond.
European Objects: The Troubled Dreams of Harmonization (Inside Technology)
by Brice LaurentHow interventions based on objects—including chemicals, financial products, and consumer goods—offer a path to rethink European integration.Interventions based on objects, Brice Laurent claims, have become a dominant path for European policy-making. In European Objects, Laurent analyzes the political consequences of these interventions and their democratization. He uses the term &“European objects&” to describe technical entities that are regulated—and thereby transformed—by European policies. To uncover the bureaucratic and regulatory intricacies of European governance, Laurent focuses on a series of these objects, including food products, chemicals, financial products, consumer goods, drinking water, and occupational environments. Laurent argues that taking European objects seriously offers a way to rephrase the dreams of harmonization and, eventually, rethink the constitutional strength of European integration. Laurent doesn&’t just clarify how European regulation works, but also explores ways to realize long-term objectives for European integration, such as a harmonized market or an objective expertise. Regulation is best understood as &“regulatory machinery&” bringing together various types of legal constraints, material interventions on objects, and the imagining of desirable futures. Analyzing European objects enables Laurent to explore what regulation has become after years of evolution have made it a central component of the European policy world. He offers practical illustrations of how the regulatory machinery functions today. If Europe succeeds at reinventing the terms of its legitimacy with objects that matter for the European publics, it will provide a telling demonstration that the opposition of expertise and populism is not the unavoidable fate of liberal democracies.
European Planning History in the 20th Century: A Continent of Urban Planning
by Max Welch Guerra Abdellah Abarkan Martin Pekár Castrillo Romón, María A. Victoria GrauThe history of Europe in the 20th century is closely tied to the history of urban planning. Social and economic progress but also the brute treatment of people and nature throughout Europe were possible due to the use of urban planning and the other levels of spatial planning. Thereby, planning has constituted itself in Europe as an international subject. Since its emergence, through intense exchange but also competition, despite country differences, planning has developed as a European field of practice and scientific discipline. Planning is here much more than the addition of individual histories; however, historiography has treated this history very selective regarding geography and content. This book searches for an understanding of the historiography of planning in a European dimension. Scholars from Eastern and Western, Southern and Northern Europe address the issues of the public led production of city and the social functions of urban planning in capitalist and state-socialist countries. The examined examples include Poland and USSR, Czech Republic and Slovakia, UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Portugal and Spain, Italy, and Sweden. The book will be of interest to students and scholars for Urbanism, Urban/Town Planning, Spatial Planning, Spatial Politics, Urban Development, Urban Policies, Planning History and European History of the 20th Century.
European Political Leaders and the Social Representation of the Covid-19 Crisis: Leading the Pandemic (Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology)
by Flaminia Saccà Donatella SelvaEuropean leaders faced the Covid-19 pandemic by adopting very different leadership styles, characterized by diverging approaches to crisis communication, power management, and relationship-building with actors and stakeholders in the public sphere. The pandemic also highlighted the importance of the already-existing cleavage between populism and technocracy, positioning it at the centre of the political scene.These complex circumstances required a multidisciplinary perspective grounded in political sociology and communication studies. To address these issues, this book analyses the communication and leadership styles of seven European leaders, grouped into ‘political families’. It analyses the cases of Angela Merkel and Erna Solberg to understand if and how female leaderships differentiated from their male counterparts. It then analyses the relationship between techno-populism and professional politics by comparing the cases of Giuseppe Conte, Emmanuel Macron and Pedro Sanchez. Finally, it focuses on populist leaders Boris Johnson and Victor Orbán, who represent emblematic cases with opposite outcomes.
European Port Cities in Transition: Moving Towards More Sustainable Sea Transport Hubs (Strategies for Sustainability)
by Angela Carpenter Rodrigo LozanoSeaports, as part of urban centers, play a major role in the cultural, social and economic life of the cities in which they are located, and through the links they provide to the outside world. Port-cities in Europe have faced significant change, first with the loss of heavy industry, emergence of Eastern European democracies, and the widening of the European Community (now European Union) during the second half of the twentieth century, and more recently through drivers to change including the global Sustainable Development Agenda and the European Union Circular Economy Agenda.This book examines the role of modern seaports in Europe and consider how port-cities are responding to these major drivers for change. It discusses the broad issues facing European Sea Ports, including port life cycles, spatial planning, and societal integration. May 2019 saw the 200th anniversary of the first steam ship to cross the Atlantic between the US and England, and it is just over 60 years since the invention of the modern intermodal shipping container – both drivers of change in the maritime and ports industry. Increasing movements of people, e.g. through low cost cruises to port cities, can play a major role in changing the nature of such a city and impact on the lives of the people living there. This book brings together original research by both long-standing and younger scholars from multiple disciplines and builds upon the wider discourse about sea ports, port cities, and sustainability.
European Sexual Citizenship: Human Rights, Bodies and Identities
by Francesca Romana AmmaturoThis book is an innovative and critical contribution to the study of the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) people in the context of Europe. Combining legal and Foucauldian approaches, it investigates the ways in which current discourses about LGBTIQ rights in Europe are tightly bound to contemporary debates about national and trans-national citizenship. The author defines and analyzes the concept of 'multisexual citizenship' to illustrate new, flexible forms of sexual and gendered citizenship that could radically transform practices of citizenship and the current human rights framework in Europe. She does this by combining critical deconstructions of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights with ethnographic observations and sociological analysis. This interdisciplinary work will appeal to sociologists, lawyers and researchers of gender and LGBTIQ rights.
European Social Integration and the Roma: Questioning Neoliberal Governmentality (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Cerasela VoiculescuIn the field of political sociology and European studies, there has long been a discussion on transnational neoliberal development and ethnic groups’ self-governance. Notwithstanding, there has been limited exploration in relation to modes of knowledge production associated with neoliberal governance of the Other (e.g. ethnic and indigenous groups), which capture its idiosyncratic modes of political expression and empowerment. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s political philosophy, this book discusses European social integration as transnational neoliberal governmentality and challenges its epistemologically constituted subaltern subject. Neoliberalism is questioned in relation to its programs of securitisation of poverty and authoritarian models of self-governance associated with instrumentality of the market. In this context, the book’s rich political historical ethnography develops a new framework for the study of social power. Furthermore, inspired by Jacques Rancière's radical philosophy, European Social Integration and the Roma proposes a new mode of knowledge production about populations excessively subjected to neoliberal governmentality, heralding the epistemological decolonisation of the neoliberal subject. Presenting an insightful new prospect in critical sociology as well as the conceptualization of power and the application of theories of governmentality, this book will appeal to scholars interested in the areas of political sociology and anthropology, international relations, social and political theory/philosophy and post-development studies.
European Social Problems
by Stuart IsaacsEuropean Social Problems is the first book to examine social issues in Europe from the perspective of the social sciences. It considers many of these social problems following the UK’s ‘leave’ vote. Key topics examined here include: immigration; multiculturalism and religion; health; inequalities; education; riots and protest; drugs and crime; sexuality. These core issues run as a thread through Europe and are experienced by Europeans themselves as social problems. As such, this text facilitates students’ direct engagement with some of the problematic constituents in their own lives. This text is suitable for those studying social policy, sociology, politics, international relations, criminology and education studies. In this way it functions as an accessible ‘reader’ for final year undergraduates as well as postgraduate students.
European Societies: Fusion or Fission? (Studies in European Sociology #Vol. 1)
by Sylvia Walby Thomas P. Boje Bart Van SteenbergenAre the recent developments in Europe bringing countries together or pulling them apart? The leading experts in this book (including Sheila Allen, Marlis Buchmann, Piotr Sztompka, and Patrick Ziltener) cover a wide range of subjects, including the move towards political democracy and market economy in Central and Eastern societies, the project of the European Union, ethnic conflict, the rise of nationalism, social exclusion and women's role in public life.
European Solidarity Under Scrutiny: Empirical Evidence for the Effects of Media Identity Framing (Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology)
by Christopher StarkeThis book explores the processes through which European solidarity is constructed. More specifically, it investigates how the media's framing of European identity can facilitate and/or impede the emergence of European solidarity on the individual level. Through an online experiment that tested the effect of two different media identity frames on individual solidarity during the European debt crisis, the author argues that the exposure to news articles using a value-based identity frame boosts solidarity compared to an economic identity frame. This interdisciplinary work will be of interest to scholars of political sociology, political communication and political psychology, as well as any researchers who study European integration.
European Solidarity in Times of Crisis: Insights from a Thirteen-Country Survey (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Jürgen Gerhards Zsófia Ignácz Holger Lengfeld Florian K Kley Maximilian PriemThe euro crisis, several sovereign debt crises, the Great Recession, the refugee crisis, and Brexit have all challenged Europeans’ willingness to show solidarity with other European citizens and member states of the European Union. European Solidarity in Times of Crisis provides a clear theoretical framework to understand European solidarity for the first time. It offers a systematic empirical approach to determine the strength and causes of European solidarity. The authors distinguish between four domains of solidarity and test a set of theoretically derived criteria with a unique dataset to investigate European solidarity. Based on a survey conducted in thirteen EU member states in 2016, the empirical analysis leads to some unanticipated results. Europeans display a notably higher degree of solidarity than many politicians and social scientists have presumed so far. This especially applies to the support of people in need (welfare solidarity) and the reduction of territorial disparities between rich and poor EU countries (territorial solidarity), but also to the domain of fiscal solidarity (financial support of indebted EU countries). This optimistic view is less true for the domain of refugee solidarity. While citizens of western and southern EU countries accept the accommodation of refugees and their allocation between European countries, the majority of people in eastern European countries do not share this point of view. The book will appeal to students and scholars in fields such as comparative sociology, political science, social policy and migration research, and European studies. It is also relevant to a non-academic audience interested in the development of the European project.
European Trade Unions in the 21st Century: The Future of Solidarity and Workplace Democracy (St Antony's Series)
by Barry ColferTrade unions in Europe face a range of cross-cutting challenges. This includes the near-universal contraction in union membership; the related decline of traditionally highly unionised blue-collar industries; and the rise of automation, microprocessing, and digitalisation, which can make it cheaper for employers to invest in machines than to pay humans to work. The breakdown of the standard contract of employment and increasing rates of precarious work have further transformed the world of work. Taken together, this makes any collectivist vision of society, and the notion of solidarity upon which trade unionism is built, difficult to sustain.All this raises tough questions for trade unionists, policy-makers, and researchers alike regarding the future of trade unions, the oldest and largest civil society movement in Europe. The contributions in this volume explore the prospects for union revival across a range of cases, including by focusing on the pursuit of legal remedies and on the opportunities associated with the network society to defend the interests of workers. This interdisciplinary volume includes contributions that consider the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the EU level by researchers coming from a range of disciplines and backgrounds. The volume should especially appeal to researchers and practitioners working in the fields of political science, sociology, law, and business studies.
European Union Environment Policy and New Forms of Governance: A Study of the Implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Eco-management and Audit Scheme Regulation in Three Member States (Routledge Revivals)
by Hubert HeineltThis title was first published in 2001. Outlining the results of a three-country study, this text examines the impact of EU policy on the domestic, political and institutional environment. It tests ideas about new forms of governance that reflect the values of participation and empowerment of local interests, particularly through a close scrutiny of the environmental impact process. The book also analyzes the responses of the business sector in three countries - Germany, Greece and Great Britain - to the introduction of a voluntary environmental management system, the eco-management and audit scheme.
European Union Public Health Policy: Regional and global trends (Routledge Advances in European Politics)
by Scott L. Greer Paulette KurzerRanging from influence over world trade laws affecting health to population health issues such as obesity to the use of comparative data to affect policy, the EU’s public health policies are increasingly important, visible, expensive and effective. They also provide an invaluable case study for those who want to understand the growth and impact of the EU as well as how states can affect their populations’ lives and health. European Union Public Health Policy capitalizes on extensive new research, providing an introduction to the topic and indicating new intellectual directions surrounding the topic. An introductory section and extended conclusion explore the meaning of public health, the relationship of EU public health policy to health care policy, and the place of public health in the study of European integration and Europeanization. Focusing on health system transformation, global health governance and population health, the chapters address: Relevant policy issues and EU policies; Effects of the EU policies on practice or outcomes; An explanation of the policy trajectory; Current issues and likely future directions or conflicts. Drawing together an international and multidisciplinary selection of experts, this volume is an important contribution for all those interested in public health policy, EU health policy and EU governance.
European Union and New Regionalism: Europe and Globalization in Comparative Perspective (Routledge Revivals)
by Mario TelòThis title was first published in 2001. This is a collection of papers that look at the structure of the global economy, and its changing paradigms over the years. The contributors look at how the classic concept of state - autonomous, sovereign and freed of all constraint - never really reflected the reality of the international scene, despite the role it has played in realist and neo-realist theory for many decades. Instead, they consider that the political, social and economic characteristics originally attributed to states seem increasingly to be expressed through regional constructs. The papers in this volume show that even within regionalism there are a variety of different models that exist, and examine five of those models: the European Union; Mercosul-Mercosur; the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA); the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN); and the South African Development Community (SADC).
European Universalism: The Rhetoric of Power
by Immanuel WallersteinAt a time when intervention - in the name of democracy and human rights - has returned to the center of world politics, Wallterstein's treatise is both essential and convincing.
European Youth Labour Markets: Problems and Policies
by Miguel Ángel Malo Almudena Moreno MínguezThis timely analysis examines the complex state of youth unemployment across Europe and offers cogent policy suggestions for addressing this longstanding societal problem. The findings reveal numerous national and regional factors affecting youth joblessness—not only market and economic challenges, but also deep sociocultural and political dynamics underlying the situations. Coverage details how the standard transition from school to work is disrupted in an already depressed adult job market, and compares a wide range of responses in terms of both young people’s educational decision-making and national youth policy. In particular, contributors assess whether the current crop of Youth Guarantee programs can/should be a model for employment policy across the continent.Among the topics covered:Youth labour market prospects and recent policy developments.Youth labour market in Central and Eastern Europe.Early school dropout in Spain: evolution during the Great Recession.Overeducation among European university graduates: a constraint or a choice?Promoting youth employment in Europe: evidence-based policy lessons.The evaluation of a Finnish youth guarantee: lessons for Europe?European Youth Labour Markets is of interest to an international audience of economists, sociologists, and leaders in governmental, non-profit, and corporate sectors through its broad and comparative macroeconomic focus and implications for policymaking, research, resource allocation, and policy evaluation.
European and Latin American Social Scientists as Refugees, Émigrés and Return‐Migrants
by Ludger Pries Pablo YankelevichDuring the 1930s, thousands of social scientists fled the Nazi regime or other totalitarian European regimes, mainly towards the Americas. The New School for Social Research (NSSR) in New York City and El Colegio de México (Colmex) in Mexico City both were built based on receiving exiled academics from Europe. Comparing the first twenty years of these organizations, this book offers a deeper understanding of the corresponding institutional contexts and impacts of emigrated, exiled and refugeed academics. It analyses the ambiguities of scientists’ situations between emigration, return‐migration and transnational life projects and examines the corresponding dynamics of application, adaptation or amalgamation of (travelling) theories and methods these academics brought. Despite its institutional focus, it also deals with the broader context of forced migration of intellectuals and scientists in the second half of the last century in Europe and Latin America. In so doing, the book invites a deeper understanding of the challenges of forced migration for scholars in the 21st century.
Europeanisation, National Identities and Migration: Changes in Boundary Constructions between Western and Eastern Europe (Routledge Advances in Sociology #Vol. 5)
by Anna Triandafyllidou Willfried SpohnThis book provides theoretical and empirical discussion of migration, identity and Europeanisation. With contributions from leading international scholars, it provides both an overview of theoretical perspectives and a comprehensive set of case studies, covering both Eastern and Western Europe. Contributors draw from disciplines such as historical sociology, discourse analysis, social psychology and migration studies, while the editors bring these subjects into a coherent theoretical and historical framework, to discuss the emergence of new collective identities and new borders in Europe today.
Europeanization and Tolerance in Turkey
by Ayhan KayaThe book questions the popularity of the notion of tolerance in Turkey, and argues that the regime of tolerance has been strengthened in parallel with the Europeanization process, which has boosted the rhetoric of the Alliance of Civilizations in a way that culturalized what is social and political.
Europeanization in Sweden: Opportunities and Challenges for Civil Society Organizations (Studies on Civil Society #10)
by Anna Meeuwisse Roberto ScaramuzzinoNotwithstanding its many successes since 1945, the project of European integration currently faces major difficulties, from financial crises and mass immigration to the impending departure of the UK from the European Union. At the same time, these challenges have spurred civil society organizations within and across Europe, revealing a shared public sphere in which citizens can mobilize around refugee rights, opposition to austerity policies, and other issues. Europeanization in Sweden assembles new empirical research on how these processes have played out in one of the continent’s wealthiest nations, providing insights into whether, and how, the “Swedish model” can guide European integration.
Europeanization, Care and Gender
by Anne Kovalainen Hanne Marlene Dahl Marja KeränenThiscollection addresses the complexity of care arrangements in contemporaryEurope, developingnew insights into debates about the care crisis, gender equality, the division of work and the reconciliation of care and work. "
Europe’s New Scientific Elite: Social Mechanisms of Science in the European Research Area (Public Intellectuals and the Sociology of Knowledge)
by Barbara HoenigWinner of the Harald Kaufmann Prize for Senior Researchers, 2018 This book examines the question of whether the process of European integration in research funding has led to new forms of oligarchization and elite formation in the European Research Area. Based on a study of the European Research Council (ERC), the author investigates profound structural change in the social organization of science, as the ERC intervenes in public science systems that, until now, have largely been organized at the national level. Against the background of an emerging new science policy, Europe’s New Scientific Elite explores the social mechanisms that generate, reproduce and modify existing dynamics of stratification and oligarchization in science, shedding light on the strong normative impact of the ERC’s funding on problem-choice in science, the cultural legitimacy and future vision of science, and the building of new research councils of national, European and global scope. A comparative, theory-driven investigation of European research funding, this book will appeal to social scientists with interests in the sociology of knowledge.
Europäische Identität in der Krise?
by Gudrun Hentges Kristina Nottbohm Hans-Wolfgang PlatzerAus einer deutsch-französischen Perspektive setzen sich die Beiträge dieses Bandes mit dieser politisch wie wissenschaftlich gleichermaßen vielschichtigen und brisanten Thematik auseinander. Dabei werden zwei Forschungsstränge zusammengeführt, die bislang ein eher getrenntes Dasein führten: die europawissenschaftliche Forschung über europäische Identität und europäisierte Öffentlichkeiten und die Rechtspopulismus- und Rechtsextremismusforschung.
Euroscepticism, Democracy and the Media
by Manuela Caiani Simona GuerraThis volume focuses on the relationship between the media and European democracy, as important factors of EU legitimacy. The contributors show how the media play a crucial role in making European governance accountable, and how it can act as an intermediate link between citizens and their elected and unelected representatives. The book focuses on widespread levels of Euroscepticism and the contemporary European crisis. The authors present empirical studies which problematize the role of traditional media coverage on EU attitudes. Comparisons are also drawn between traditional and new media in their influence on Euroscepticism. Furthermore, the authors analyse the impact of the internet and social media as new arenas in which Eurosceptic claims and positions can be made visible, as well as being a medium used by political parties and populist movements which contest Europe and its politics and policies. Euroscepticism, Democracy and the Media will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in European politics, political parties, interest groups, social movements and political sociology.