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Ageing, Social Security and Affordability (Routledge Revivals)
by Theodore R. Marmor Philip R. De JongFirst published in 1998. This volume (the second of a twin set grouping articles based on papers presented at seminars in Sigtuna, Sweden, during 1994 – 1996) deals with the largest spending programs of the welfare state – old age pensions and medical care, and their place within debates about the desirability and affordability of modern social programs. The volume is divided into four parts. The first part deals with general welfare state issues, cross-cutting themes and characterizations of whole systems within such diverse disciplines as social law, sociology and economics. Part two deals with old age pension reform. The countries discussed have widely different geographical, cultural and historical backgrounds. Part three takes up a number of interesting topics under the heading of health care reform. Part four deals with a substantial issue located and the juncture of aging, affordability, pensions and especially health care: increased longevity (and population aging) and the associated disability and frailty. What effect will these have on the future of modern welfare states?
Ageing-Friendly Neighbourhoods in Singapore, Asia-Pacific, Europe and North America: An Annotated Bibliography (SpringerBriefs in Aging)
by Belinda Yuen Špela Močnik Winston Yap Freya C.H. YuThis book brings together the emerging body of work on age-friendly neighbourhoods in Singapore, the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and North America. It begins with an overview chapter on the current state of policy, practice and research on age-friendly neighbourhoods in Singapore. This is followed by an annotated bibliography of published materials on age-friendly neighbourhoods in the above-mentioned countries and regions, encompassing theoretical work and empirical research reported on in journal articles, books and conference proceedings. The annotations for Singapore also map the grey literature, including unpublished dissertations and theses. The aim is to provide a sense of the scope of, issues in, and discourse on age-friendly neighbourhoods, the development of which is increasingly being recognised as a key strategy to support healthy ageing and enhance quality of life in ageing societies.
Ageism at Work: Deconstructing Age and Gender in the Discriminating Labour Market
by Ellie D. BergerThe Canadian population is aging, bringing with it an increasing number of social and economic challenges. With the aging of the workforce, the reconceptualization of older workers and retirement, the increasing share of women in the labour force, the elimination of mandatory retirement, the fluctuating economy, and the changes to the pension system, barriers to employment for older workers, such as ageism, need to be of central concern. Ageism at Work examines the subjective experiences of older workers in Canada and explores how they negotiate ageism and manage their interactions in the employment setting. Further, this book looks at the intersection between age and gender and the pervasiveness of gendered ageism in the labour market. Finally, this book examines employers’ attitudes towards older workers quantitatively, while also exploring their first-hand accounts about them through qualitative inquiry. Understanding how ageism plays out in the labour market, how it intersects with sexism, and its consequences on a personal level are critical to moving the discussion on discrimination and human rights forward in Canada.
Ageism in Job Interviews: A Multimodal Discourse Analytical Perspective
by Dorien Van De Mieroop Federica Previtali Melina De DijnThis book investigates age categorizations and stereotyping in job interviews by drawing on a multimodal discourse analytical approach. While previous research on ageism has focused on what happens before or after the job interview, there is substantial evidence supporting the idea that the job interview is a pivotal moment in this respect as well. This is because the way in which the interaction unfolds significantly influences not only recruiters’ ultimate hiring decisions, but also candidates’ interest in pursuing the job offer further. This phase in the recruitment process is thus deserving of further scrutiny when it comes to ageism. The authors delve into age stereotypes regarding ‘old’ as well as ‘young’ age and tease out how they are ‘talked into being’ during job interviews, both by recruiters and candidates. By shedding light on the discursive dynamics of age-based prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination, this books thus aims to further understanding regarding how ageism actually plays out in in real life job interview interactions. The book will be of interest to academics working in fields including interactional sociolinguistics, pragmatics, diversity studies, human resource management and discursive psychology.
Ageism in Work and Employment (Routledge Revivals)
by Ian Glover and Mohamed BranineThis title was first published in 2001. This collection of essays on the the subject of ageism in work and employment arose out of the international conference held at Stirling University in July 1996. The book addresses various topics within this issue including the problem and its causes; the experience and practice of age discrimination in employment; and remedies and prospects.
Ageism: Past, Present, and Future
by Tay K. McNamara John B. WilliamsonAgeism: Past, Present, and Future presents perspectives for understanding ageism and puts ageism in the context of specific social institutions. McNamara and Williamson uniquely provide a number of complementary ways to understand ageism, including social and psychological theories of ageism, economic development, ageism as frame or lens, and ageism at the intersection of various social categories such as gender and race. They then put ageism in the context of mass media, h ealth care, employment, and public policy. This short text is an ideal addition to courses on sociology of aging, social policy, and social problems.
Ageless Talent: Enhancing the Performance and Well-Being of Your Age-Diverse Workforce
by Lisa M. Finkelstein Franco Fraccaroli Donald M. Truxillo Ruth KanferAgeless Talent: Enhancing the Performance and Well-Being of Your Age-Diverse Workforce provides organizational leaders, managers, and supervisors with clear, evidence-based tactics by which to develop and manage an aging and age-diverse talent pool. This volume provides an easy-to-implement set of tools for addressing the difficult problems related to employee performance and well-being amid ongoing technological and social change. Ageless Talent introduces a straightforward framework (PIERA) that translates scientific advances into actionable steps and strategies. Using this framework, this book provides practical illustrations to help readers design their own small-scale interventions to achieve desirable goals under diverse organizational constraints. Furthermore, the book addresses modern management challenges arising across the globe, and offers suggestions for leaders interested in short-term and long-term change. These suggestions, grounded in time-tested and leading-edge research evidence, include specific step-by-step guidelines, customizable to different types of organizations and industries. With economic, cultural, technological, and demographic shifts making the changing nature of work a pressing concern for organizations around the globe, Ageless Talent is an essential text for practitioners – HR professionals, organizational leaders, and managers – as well as management education programs and professional training and leadership programs. It will also appeal to instructors and students in the field of industrial/organizational psychology.
Agency Construction and Navigation in English Learning Stories
by Qiuming LinThis book presents a longitudinal research which covers a linguistic approach to understand and observe language learner agency. It makes connections between agency in discourse analyses and agency in applied linguistics by examining how learner agency is manifested in autobiographic oral narratives and influenced by contextual factors. This book also demonstrates that agency is not a fixed entity that English learners possess, but a dynamic construct constantly negotiated by the learners with the social world. It is the result of their identity positioning and repositioning within a complex and ever-changing context. Learner identities, either actual or imagined, are significantly correlated with their investment in English and their English learning process.This book sheds new light on teaching English as a foreign language and gives inspirations for enhancing English learners’ agency in contemporary context of China. As learner agency should be treated in a dynamic and process view, a low level of agency manifested in a particular period or in a certain context may not necessarily persist in later periods or extend to other contexts. Provided with supportive contextual conditions and taking on positive and powerful identities, language learners are well on the course for higher levels of agency.
Agency and Causal Explanation in Economics (Virtues and Economics #5)
by László Zsolnai Peter RónaThis open access book provides an exploration of the consequences of the ontological differences between natural and social objects (sometimes described as objects of nature and objects of thought) in the workings of causal and agency relationships. One of its important and possibly original conclusions is that causal and agency relationships do not encompass all of the dependent relationships encountered in social life. The idea that social reality is contingent has been known (and largely undisputed) at least since Wittgenstein’s “On Certainty”, but social science, and most notably economics has continued to operate on the basis of causal and agency theories borrowed or adapted from the natural sciences. This volume contains essays that retain and justify the partial or qualified use of this approach and essays that totally reject any use of causal and agency theory built on determined facts (closed systems).The rejection is based on the possibly original claim that, whereas causation in the objects of the natural sciences reside in their properties, human action is a matter of intentionality. It engages with critical realist theory and re-examines the role of free will in theories of human action in general and economic theory in particular.
Agency and Change: Rethinking Change Agency in Organizations (Routledge Studies in Organizational Change & Development)
by Raymond CaldwellThis excellent book remaps the limits and possibilities of change, clearly shifting the focus from outmoded debates on agency and structure to new practice-based discourses on agency and change. Offering readers a selective and critical review of key literature and empirical research, it will help students contextualize this complex subject area and independently evaluate future prospects for effective change agent roles in organizations Presenting an interdisciplinary exploration of competing discourses, the book uses two overarching conceptual continua: centred agency-decentred agency and systems-processes, thereby allowing a more intensive focus on agency and change. Well-written with challenging content, this book is essential reading for those interested in the origins, development and future prospects for change agency in an organizational world characterized by increasing complexity, risk and uncertainty.
Agency and Communion in Social Psychology (Current Issues In Social Psychology Ser.)
by Bogdan Wojciszke Andrea E. AbeleWhat are the ultimate motives that instigate individuals’ behaviours? What are the aims of social perception? How can an individuals’ behaviour be described both from the perspective of the actor and from the perspective of an observer? These are the basic questions that this book addresses using its proposed agency-communion framework. Agency (competence, assertiveness) refers to existence of an organism as an individual, to "getting ahead" and to individual goal-pursuit; communion (warmth, morality) refers to participation of an individual in a larger organism, to "getting along" and to forming bonds. Each chapter is written by experts in the field and use the agency-communion framework to explore a wide variety of topics, such as stereotypes, self-esteem, personality, power, and politics. The reader will profit from the deep insights given by leading researchers. The variety of theoretical approaches and empirical contributions shows that the parsimonious and simple structure of two types of content in behavior, motives, personality, self-concept, stereotypes, and more to build an overarching frame to different phenomena studied in psychology.
Agency and Structure: Reorienting Social Theory (Routledge Library Editions: Social Theory)
by Piotr SztompkaA striking feature of the human condition is its dual, contradictory, inherently split character; on the one hand, autonomy and freedom; on the other, constraint and dependence on social structure. This volume addresses this central problem of the linkage between human action and social structure in sociological and social science theory. Contributions cover several different approaches to the agency-structure problematic, and represent the work of a number of leading international sociologists. Their efforts point to a reorientation of social theory, both on philosophical and methodological levels.
Agency auf der Straße: Eine biografietheoretische Studie zu jungen Menschen und ihren Wegen in die Wohnungslosigkeit
by Philipp AnnenDiese Studie liefert eine differenzierte Analyse der Dynamiken, die dazu führen, dass junge Erwachsene wohnungslos werden. Sie gewährt einen Einblick in die Komplexität dieses sozialpolitisch brisanten und sozialpädagogisch herausfordernden sozialen Problems. Die Wegemetapher im Untertitel verweist dabei auf das zentrale Anliegen der Studie: Mittels eines qualitativen Forschungsdesigns sowie eines biografie- wie agencytheoretischen Zugangs werden die den biografischen Verläufen der jungen Erwachsenen immanenten Prozessstrukturen rekonstruiert. Auf der Basis von Fallanalysen wird die Verwobenheit und das Zusammenspiel von strukturellen wie individuellen Ursachen der Wohnungslosigkeit herausgearbeitet.
Agency without Actors?: New Approaches to Collective Action (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Jan-Hendrik Passoth Michael Schillmeier Birgit PeukerThe question of agency is a key issue in social theory and research. The discourse of human agency as an effect of social relations is deeply intertwined with the history of sociological thought. However, in most recent discussions the role of non-humans gains a substantial impact concerning agency. Agency without Actors? New Approaches to Collective Action asks: Are nonhumans active, do they have agency? And if so: how and in which different ways? Consequently, Agency without Actors? New Approaches to Collective Action outlines a wide range of novel accounts that link human and non-human agency tries to understand social-technical, political and environmental networks as different forms of agency that produce discrete and identifiable entities asks how different types of (often conflicting) agency and agents are distinguished in practice, how they are maintained and how they interfere with each other. By studying the substantial impact of the role of non-humans in connection with human relations, the book aims to advance the discourse on agency and investigates into the different possible modes of human and nonhuman interplay. This book is essential reading for students and scholars of sociology, science and technology studies, social anthropology, animal studies, environmental studies and social theory.
Agency, Change and Learning: Accounts of Internal Change Agents (Routledge Studies in Organizational Change & Development)
by Bernard Burnes Julian RandallDespite the plethora of books on change, there appears a notable gap in the field; rarely is the authentic and candid voice of change agents heard. How often do academics or practitioners candidly state what they actually do when they are faced with managing change in their own organisations or when they are called on in a consultancy capacity? In this new book, the editors bring together a diverse group of contributors who have worked as Internal Change Agents in organizations to divulge what they really do and think about change. The authors draw on their own research work involving change agents and their change interventions and include current reflections on the post-Covid world of work, and the change required for achieving change interventions successfully. Each contribution offers perspectives from real change programmes, in both the public and private sector, offering a unique opportunity to move beyond theory and understand change in practice. The book offers valuable insights for academics and students of organisational change and behaviour, leadership and organisational development.
Agenda for Social Justice 3: Solutions for 2024 (SSSP Agendas for Social Justice)
by Sophie Webb Teresa A. Sullivan Dana Johnson Blake R. Silver Katie Kerstetter Gabriela Gonzalez Ashley C. Rondini Ashley N. Gwathney Brooke Cordes Charity Anderson Drew Bonner Elroi Windsor Hayley Carlisle Jeanne Kimpel Kristen Burke Lance Hannon Lindsay Redditt McKenzie Berezin Meredith Van Natta Monique Harrison Nazgol Ghandnoosh Raquel Rose Sarah Jane Brubaker Sydney Ingel Tiffany Joseph Tony Samara Mary BernsteinThe Agenda for Social Justice 3: Solutions for 2024 provides accessible insights into some of the most pressing social problems and proposes public policy responses to those problems. Written by a highly respected team of authors brought together by the Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP), the book offers recommendations for action by elected officials, policymakers and the public regarding key issues for social justice. Chapters include discussion of social problems related to criminal justice, the economy, food insecurity, education, healthcare, housing and immigration. The book will be of interest to scholars, practitioners, advocates and students interested in public sociology, the study of social problems and the pursuit of social justice.
Agent Based Modelling of Urban Systems: First International Workshop, ABMUS 2016, Held in Conjunction with AAMAS, Singapore, Singapore, May 10, 2016, Revised, Selected, and Invited Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10051)
by Mohammad-Reza Namazi-Rad Lin Padgham Pascal Perez Kai Nagel Ana BazzanThis book constitutes revised, selected, and invited papers from the First International Workshop on Agent Based Modelling of Urban Systems, ABMUS 2016, held in conjunction with AAMAS 2016 in Singapore in May 2016. The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: urban systems modeling; traffic simulation in urban modeling; and applications.
Agent-Based Computational Sociology
by Flaminio SquazzoniMost of the intriguing social phenomena of our time, such as international terrorism, social inequality, and urban ethnic segregation, are consequences of complex forms of agent interaction that are difficult to observe methodically and experimentally. This book looks at a new research stream that makes use of advanced computer simulation modelling techniques to spotlight agent interaction that allows us to explain the emergence of social patterns. It presents a method to pursue analytical sociology investigations that look at relevant social mechanisms in various empirical situations, such as markets, urban cities, and organisations. This book:Provides a comprehensive introduction to epistemological, theoretical and methodological features of agent-based modelling in sociology through various discussions and examples.Presents the pros and cons of using agent-based models in sociology.Explores agent-based models in combining quantitative and qualitative aspects, and micro- and macro levels of analysis.Looks at how to pose an agent-based research question, identifying the model building blocks, and how to validate simulation results.Features examples of agent-based models that look at crucial sociology issues.Supported by an accompanying website featuring data sets and code for the models included in the book. Agent-Based Computational Sociology is written in a common sociological language and features examples of models that look at all the traditional explanatory challenges of sociology. Researchers and graduate students involved in the field of agent-based modelling and computer simulation in areas such as social sciences, cognitive sciences and computer sciences will benefit from this book.
Agent-Based Modelling in Economics
by Nigel Gilbert Lynne HamillAgent-based modelling in economics Lynne Hamill and Nigel Gilbert, Centre for Research in Social Simulation (CRESS), University of Surrey, UK New methods of economic modelling have been sought as a result of the global economic downturn in 2008.This unique book highlights the benefits of an agent-based modelling (ABM) approach. It demonstrates how ABM can easily handle complexity: heterogeneous people, households and firms interacting dynamically. Unlike traditional methods, ABM does not require people or firms to optimise or economic systems to reach equilibrium. ABM offers a way to link micro foundations directly to the macro situation. Key features: Introduces the concept of agent-based modelling and shows how it differs from existing approaches. Provides a theoretical and methodological rationale for using ABM in economics, along with practical advice on how to design and create the models. Each chapter starts with a short summary of the relevant economic theory and then shows how to apply ABM. Explores both topics covered in basic economics textbooks and current important policy themes; unemployment, exchange rates, banking and environmental issues. Describes the models in pseudocode, enabling the reader to develop programs in their chosen language. Supported by a website featuring the NetLogo models described in the book. Agent-based Modelling in Economics provides students and researchers with the skills to design, implement, and analyze agent-based models. Third year undergraduate, master and doctoral students, faculty and professional economists will find this book an invaluable resource.
Agent-Based Simulation of Organizational Behavior: New Frontiers of Social Science Research
by Davide Secchi Martin NeumannThe aim of this book is to demonstrate how Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) can be used to enhance the study of social agency, organizational behavior and organizational management. It derives from a workshop, sponsored by the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behavior (AISB), held at Bournemouth University Business School in 2014 on "Modelling Organizational Behavior and Social Agency". The contents of this book are divided into four themes: Perspectives, Modeling Organizational Behavior, Philosophical and Methodological Perspective, and Modeling Organized Crime and Macro-Organizational Phenomena. ABM is a particular and advanced type of computer simulation where the focus of modeling shifts to the agent rather than to the system. This allows for complex and more realistic representations of reality, facilitating an innovative socio-cognitive perspective on organizational studies. The editors and contributing authors claim that the use of ABM may dramatically expand our understanding of human behavior in organizations. This is made possible because of (a) the computational power made available by technological advancements, (b) the relative ease of the programming, (c) the ability to borrow simulation practices from other disciplines, and (d) the ability to demonstrate how the ABM approach clearly enables a socio-cognitive perspective on organizational complexity. Showcasing contributions from academics and researchers of various backgrounds and discipline, this volumes provides a global, interdisciplinary perspective.
Agentes Secretos De Bondad: Como Pequenos Actos de Bondad Realmente Pueden Cambiar Al Mundo
by Ferial PearsonFerial Pearson nació y fue criada en Nairobi, Kenya. Es la mayor de cuatro hijas y la primera en su familia directa en ir a la universidad. Después de graduarse del Colegio Poponi en 1997, dejó África para asistir a Gustavus Adolphus College en St Peter, Minnesota, donde en 2001 obtuvo su licenciatura en Enseñanza de Literatura de Artes de la comunicación, y donde conoció a su esposo, Daniel. Se le ofreció la oportunidad de enseñar en el Distrito Escolar Público de Omaha en South High School ese otoño, donde enseñó inglés y lectura. Durante su tiempo allí, también se desempeñó como patrocinadora del Gay-Straight Alliance y Unity Club, y recibió premios nacionales por su trabajo con los estudiantes y la comunidad. Estos incluyen el Premio Virginia Uribe de la Asociación Nacional de Educación por el Liderazgo Creativo en Derechos Humanos en 2012, el Premio al Educador del Año de la Cadena Educativa de Gays, Lesbianas, Heterosexuales (GLSEN por sus siglas en inglés) en 2011, y fue representante de Nebraska y finalistas del Consejo Nacional de Maestros de Inglés Académico Premio a la Libertad en 2012. Localmente, ha sido galardonada con el Premio de Relaciones Humanas de la Asociación Educativa Omaha 2011, el Premio Profesional Prometedor 2012 de la Universidad de Nebraska en Omaha, y el Premio Anti-Intimidación 2011 de RESPECT y un Premio TOYO (Diez Jóvenes Omahans Sobresalientes) en 2014. También obtuvo su maestría en Currículo e Instrucción con un Certificado de Posgrado en Instrucción Urbana de la Universidad de Nebraska en Omaha en 2009. Ferial dejó Omaha South High School para trabajar como Asesora de Talento para la Fundación Avenue Scholars y enseñó para ellos en Ralston High School durante dos años hasta 2013, tiempo durante el cual creó su proyecto Secret Kindness Agents, que se convirtió en el tema de un libro, un TEDx Talk, y fue el foco de su disertación. Actualmente es Profesora Asistente en la Universidad de Nebraska en Omaha en el Departamento de Educación de Maestros. En 2016, recibió el premio Stephen Sondheim Inspirational Teacher del Centro Kennedy. En 2017, ella recibió su Ed. D. en Liderazgo Educativo. Ella vive en Ralston, Nebraska con su esposo Daniel, su hijo Ilahi y su hija Iman.
Agential Schooling: A Posthumanist Exploration of Schools, Classrooms, and Youth Participatory Action Research with Diverse Students (Routledge International Studies in the Philosophy of Education)
by Thomas AlbrightThis book examines how schooling—the restrictive, oppressive, and disciplinary force in much U.S. education—is protean and has the agency to change in response to challenges. Posthumanist theories were engaged with to better understand the intra‑actions between human, nonhuman, and discursive actors.Utilizing participant observations, interviews, cognitive maps, diffraction, and theory, it argues that traditional humanistic approaches to oppression in U.S. education are inadequate to understanding the ongoing power of schooling. In conversation with these paradigms, this book lays out an agential realist (Barad, 2007) view of schooling and argues in favor of examining schooling itself as an agent, sustained and bolstered by a wide range of other agents acting in and around schools—from clipboards and handouts to adultism and racism. This approach offers a new perspective on how oppressive forces like racism, sexism, and adultism adapt and continue to operate in spaces deliberately designed to oppose them, including Ethnic Studies programs and YPAR projects. At the same time, this book rejects totalizing arguments about schooling’s hegemony and shows how a wider recognition of nonhuman agency can help us not only understand but also work to resist such oppressions.It will appeal to scholars, faculty, and upper‑level students with interests in critical youth studies, educational equity, Ethnic Studies, youth participatory action research, and posthumanism.
Agents and Artificial Intelligence: 12th International Conference, ICAART 2020, Valletta, Malta, February 22–24, 2020, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12613)
by Jaap van den Herik Ana Paula Rocha Luc SteelsThis book contains the revised and extended versions of selected papers from the 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, ICAART 2020, held in Valletta, Malta, in February 2020. Overall, 45 full papers, 74 short papers, and 56 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 276 initial submissions. 23 of the 45 full papers were selected to be included in this volume. These papers deal with topics such as agents and artificial intelligence.
Agents and Artificial Intelligence: 13th International Conference, ICAART 2021, Virtual Event, February 4–6, 2021, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13251)
by Jaap van den Herik Ana Paula Rocha Luc SteelsThis book constitutes selected papers from the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, ICAART 2021, which was held online during February 4–6, 2021.A total of 72 full and 99 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected for the conference from a total of 298 submissions; 17 selected full papers are included in this book. They were organized in topical sections named agents and artificial intelligence.
Agents of Altruism: The Expansion of Humanitarian NGOs in Rwanda and Afghanistan (Routledge Revivals)
by Katrina WestThis title was first published in 27/11/2001: Humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) grew significantly in the last decades of the 20th century. The international NGO community today is a rich world of professional bodies, local organizations, mammoth multinationals, charities, advocacy groups, business-like organizations, ad hoc agencies and voluntary associations. Humanitarian NGOs are powerful actors in conflict regions and influential campaigners at the international level. What are the reasons behind their growth? In answering that question, this book focuses on how and when NGOs became influential in humanitarian crises. Four case studies in Rwanda and Afghanistan are examined. The earliest is the crisis in Rwanda in the 1960s, when only a few NGOs operated in Rwanda with limited budgets and experience. The second case study is the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979-89, by which time NGOs had developed considerably: by then they were operating on a global scale, receiving more funds, having closer ties with the media, executing bigger projects and had also become more professional. The second Afghan case study focuses on the mujahidin and Taliban rule, while the second Rwandan study centres on the 1994 genocide. These two studies reveal that enormous changes have taken place in the humanitarian NGO community since the 1980s. In this way, this book characterizes the changes that have taken place and then offers explanations for the nature and speed of the growth and change.