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Identical Twins: The Social Construction and Performance of Identity in Culture and Society (Concepts for Critical Psychology)
by Mvikeli NcubeIn Identical Twins: The Social Construction and Performance of Identity in Culture and Society, Ncube conceptualises twin identity as a multi-layered dynamic that changes through performance, and explores twin identity through a social constructionist approach. Until now, mainstream twin studies have mostly sought to explain social phenomena about twins from ‘inside’ the person, providing their explanations in terms of internal entities such as personality structures with an obvious underlying essentialist assumption. By examining the theories of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, Ncube shows that the ‘identity’ of twins is managed in both an academic and cultural context, and in relation to specific audiences. Relocating the explanations that we gather in social research, including in qualitative research in psychology, the book focuses its enquiry on the social practices and interactions that people engage in with each other, not delving ‘inside’ the person. Using real-world twin accounts, the book maps out the social construction of twin identity, and allows for the twins’ own voices to be examined in relation to twin experiences. Also addressing aspects of being misunderstood, as well as the idea of misunderstanding oneself, this is fascinating reading for students and researchers in critical and cultural psychology, and anyone interested in twin studies.
Identification Problems in the Social Sciences
by Charles F. ManskiThis book provides a language and a set of tools for finding bounds on the predictions that social and behavioral scientists can logically make from nonexperimental and experimental data. The economist Charles F. Manski draws on examples from criminology, demography, epidemiology, social psychology, and sociology as well as economics to illustrate this language and to demonstrate the broad usefulness of the tools. There are many traditional ways to present identification problems in econometrics, sociology, and psychometrics. Some of these are primarily statistical in nature, using concepts such as flat likelihood functions and nondistinct parameter estimates. Manski’s strategy is to divorce identification from purely statistical concepts and to present the logic of identification analysis in ways that are accessible to a wide audience in the social and behavioral sciences. In each case, problems are motivated by real examples with real policy importance, the mathematics is kept to a minimum, and the deductions on identifiability are derived giving fresh insights. Manski begins with the conceptual problem of extrapolating predictions from one population to some new population or to the future. He then analyzes in depth the fundamental selection problem that arises whenever a scientist tries to predict the effects of treatments on outcomes. He carefully specifies assumptions and develops his nonparametric methods of bounding predictions. Manski shows how these tools should be used to investigate common problems such as predicting the effect of family structure on children’s outcomes and the effect of policing on crime rates. Successive chapters deal with topics ranging from the use of experiments to evaluate social programs, to the use of case-control sampling by epidemiologists studying the association of risk factors and disease, to the use of intentions data by demographers seeking to predict future fertility. The book closes by examining two central identification problems in the analysis of social interactions: the classical simultaneity problem of econometrics and the reflection problem faced in analyses of neighborhood and contextual effects.
Identifications of French People of Algerian Origin (Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series)
by Jacek KuberaThis book is an innovative presentation of the way in which the descendants of Muslim immigrants from Algeria in France perceive and deal with multiple social identifications. Against the background of the theory and methodology (such as Saussure's sign theory, Znaniecki's sociology, and Brubaker and Cooper's concepts), Kubera offers a new analysis into identity in a multicultural society. The book revolves around a combination of the modernist and post-modernist paradigms: highlighting both the constant and situational aspects of social identity. By focusing on identifications, the author shows how to overcome the problem of "intangibility" of identity in research practice. Touching on colonialism, gender, religion, migration, and racism, this will be an important contribution to students and scholars across sociology, anthropology, political science, law, and international relations.
Identifikation, Begehren, Gewalt: Kulturwissenschaftliche Studien zu den konstitutiven Elementen von sozialen Bindungen. Herausgegeben von Juliane Rytz (Kulturelle Figurationen: Artefakte, Praktiken, Fiktionen)
by Matthias WaltzDie Aufsätze in diesem Band verbinden eine Kulturtheorie vom Bourdieu‘schen Typ mit Grundgedanken der Arbeiten von Jacques Lacan. Die mit dem Habitus gegebene Bindung der Subjekte an eine kollektive Wirklichkeitsdeutung, also was Bourdieu unter dem Begriff der Inkorporation fasst, wird hier nicht als selbstverständlich gegeben genommen, sondern problematisiert. Es geht also um die Frage, mit welchen Verfahren es einer Kultur gelingt, die Verbindung der Subjekte mit einer gemeinsamen Welt herzustellen. Lacans Begriffe des Symbolischen und des Imaginären als Modi der Identifikation werden für die Analyse dieser Verfahren fruchtbar gemacht. So wird gezeigt, wie unterschiedliche Typen der Bindungsherstellung verschiedene kulturelle Formationen, Menschentypen und Weltbezüge hervorbringen. Einige Aufsätze behandeln theoretische Aspekte dieser Problematik, andere wiederum beschreiben einzelne kulturelle Bereiche als Konstrukte auf der Basis der verschiedenen Verfahren der Herstellung von Bindung und Begehren. Insgesamt erschließt sich daraus eine fundierte und originäre Kulturtheorie der Gegenwart.
Identifying Hyperactive Children: The Medicalization of Deviant Behavior Expanded Edition (Ashgate Classics in Sociology)
by Peter ConradThis is a new and expanded edition of a classic case-study in the medicalization of ADHD, originally published in 1976. The book centres on an empirical study of the process of identifying hyperactive children, providing a perceptive and accessible introduction to the concepts and issues involved. In this revised edition, Peter Conrad sets the original study in context, demonstrating the continuing relevance of his research. He highlights the issues at stake, outlining recent changes in our understanding of ADHD and reviewing recent sociological research. Peter Conrad is Harry Coplan Professor of Social Sciences at Brandeis University, USA. He has written extensively in the area of medical sociology, publishing nine books and over eighty articles and chapters.
Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking: The Legal Issues, Challenges and Barriers (Palgrave Studies in Victims and Victimology)
by Matthew DavisThis book emphasises the importance of difficulties identifying victims of human trafficking. It is often challenging for trafficked victims to be identified, for victims to self-identify, and for victims to be distinguishable from other groups of vulnerable people such as economic migrants, asylum seekers, refugees and smuggled persons. This book examines the environments where difficulties of identifying foreign victims exist or identification is overlooked entirely. It argues that a victim-centred approach is required to recognize them for who they are, a trafficked victim. This lies in opposition to the justice system which often takes the oath of prosecuting victims rather than identifying them as victims, criminalising them for offences as part of their exploitation, forced upon them under duress from their exploiters. Drawing on a range of subjects, this book contributes to existing academic work and speaks to anti-trafficking organisations, charities, public authorities and staff within the UK’s National Referral Mechanism to play a pivotal role in spotting, referring and identifying more foreign trafficked victims, despite the current negativity surrounding immigration.
Identifying and Managing Risk at Work: Emerging Issues in the Context of Globalisation (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Chris L. PetersonWith a focus on five major regions globally (UK, US, Europe, Canada and Australia) Identifying and Managing Risk at Work outlines key regional factors affecting risk and its management. This volume looks at the social production and social construction of risk as well as taking a labour process approach and socio – political perspective to investigate the nature and causes of work-related risk. In addition, there are several issues included that contribute to identifying risk at work such as climate change, the ‘gig’ economy and the ‘me too’ movement. Readers will gain a picture of some of the major current issues that are affecting risk under globalisation. Drawing on these key aspects of risk, students, academics, practitioners and policy makers will gain a better understanding of how risk is conceptualised and identified, and of the roles of management and employees in dealing with risk. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners to help gain an understanding of risk for a number of regions, and how several current issues in globalisation can be seen in their risk context.
Identifying and Supporting Gifted English Language Learners: Equitable Programs and Services for ELLs in Gifted Education
by Mary CampbellThis book is a practical guide for identifying and supporting gifted English language learners (ELLs) based on research and firsthand teaching experience. This book:Presents practical information and strategies for identifying gifted ELLs.Helps readers understand more about potentially gifted behaviors and talents.Supports the enrichment and social-emotional needs of these students.Includes background information, teaching strategies, and methods.Offers ideas for lessons and activities that can be used to support any learner.Research from the last 2 decades shows that there is a considerable disparity between ELLs and native English speakers identified as gifted. This book will inspire action by key players in these students' lives, including English language and gifted educators, classroom teachers, school administrators, district and state leaders, families, and the greater community.
Identifying the Poor: Using Subjective and Consensual Measures (Routledge Revivals)
by Karel Van Den BoschThis title was first published in 2002: An investigation into the problem of identifying the poor and determining the poverty line. The book focuses on one particular approach to the issue, where survey respondents are asked for their views, and outlines the four variants in the approach: the consensual income method; the consensual standard of living method; the income evaluation method; and the income satisfaction method. The book contains an extensive and thorough review of the theoretical and empirical literature, as well as rigorous analysis of survey data from Belgium. The result is a conclusive assessment of the validity and usefulness of the subjective and consensual approaches to poverty measurement.
Identities and Foreign Policies in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus
by Stephen White Valentina FeklyuninaThis book maps changing definitions of statehood in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus as a result of their exclusion from an expanding Europe. The authors examine the perceptions of the place of each state in the international political system and its foreign policy choices, and draw comparisons across the region.
Identities in Action: Developments in Identity Theory (Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research #6)
by Jan E. Stets Richard T. Serpe Philip S. BrennerThis volume presents recent developments in identity theory and research. Identities are the basic building blocks of society and hold a central place in every social science discipline. Identity theory provides a systematic conceptualization of identities and their relationship to behavior. The research in this volume demonstrates the usefulness of this theory for understanding identities in action in a variety of areas and settings. The volume is organized into three general areas: ethnicity and race; family, religion, and work; and networks, homophily, and the physical environment. This comprehensive and authoritative volume is of interest to a wide readership in the social and behavioral sciences, including students and researchers of sociology, social psychology, psychology, and other social science disciplines.
Identities in South Asia: Conflicts and Assertions
by Vivek Sachdeva Queeny Pradhan Anu VenugopalanThis book examines how identities are formed and expressed in political, social and cultural contexts across South Asia. It is a comprehensive intervention on how, why and what identities have come to be, and takes a closer look at the complexities of their interactions. Drawing on an interdisciplinary approach, combining methodologies from history, literary studies, politics, and sociology, this book: • Explores the multiple ways in which personal and collective identities manifest and engage, are challenged and resisted across time and space.; • Highlights how the shared history of colonialism and partition, communal violence, bloodshed and pogrom are instrumental in understanding present-day developments in identity politics.; • Sheds light on a number of current themes such as borders and nations, race and ethnicity, identity politics and fundamentalism, language and regionalism, memory and community, and resistance and assertion. A key volume in South Asian Studies, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of modern South Asian history, politics, sociology, literary studies and social exclusion.
Identities, Boundaries and Social Ties
by Charles TillyIdentities, Boundaries and Social Ties offers a distinctive, coherent account of social processes and individuals' connections to their larger social and political worlds. It is novel in demonstrating the connections between inequality and de-democratization, between identities and social inequality, and between citizenship and identities. The book treats interpersonal transactions as the basic elements of larger social processes. Tilly shows how personal interactions compound into identities, create and transform social boundaries, and accumulate into durable social ties. He also shows how individual and group dispositions result from interpersonal transactions. Resisting the focus on deliberated individual action, the book repeatedly gives attention to incremental effects, indirect effects, environmental effects, feedback, mistakes, repairs, and unanticipated consequences. Social life is complicated. But, the book shows, it becomes comprehensible once you know how to look at it.
Identities, Youth and Belonging: International Perspectives (Studies In Childhood And Youth Series)
by Sadia Habib Michael R. M. WardIdentities, Youth and Belonging
Identity Change after Conflict: Ethnicity, Boundaries and Belonging in the Two Irelands (Palgrave Studies in Compromise after Conflict)
by Jennifer ToddThis book explores everyday identity change and its role in transforming ethnic, national and religious divisions. It uses very extensive interviews in post-conflict Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in the early 21st century to compare the extent and the micro-level cultural logics of identity change. It widens comparisons to the Gard in France, and uses multiple methods to reconstruct the impact of identity innovation on social and political outcomes in the 2010s. It shows the irreducible causal importance of identity change for wider compromise after conflict. It speaks to those interested in Cultural Sociology, Politics, Conflict and Peace Studies, Nationalism, Religion, International Relations and European and Irish Studies.
Identity Conflicts: Can Violence be Regulated?
by Esther GottliebSocial conflicts are ubiquitous and inherent in organized social life. This volume examines the origins and regulation of violent identity conflicts. It focuses on the regulation of conflict: the constraining, directing, and repression of violence through institutional rules and understandings. The core question the authors address is how violence is regulated and the social and political consequences of such regulation. The contributors provide a multidisciplinary multi-regional analysis of identity conflicts and their regulation. The chapters focus on the forging and suppression of religious and ethnic identities, problematic national identities, the recreation of identity in post-conflict peace-building efforts, and the forging of collective identities in the process of democratic state building. The instances of violent conflict treated here range across the globe from Central and South America, to Asia, to the Balkans, and to the Islamic world. One of the key findings is that conflicts involving religious, ethnic, or national identity are inherently more violence prone and require distinctive methods of regulation. Identity is a question both of power and of integrity. This means that both material and symbolic needs must be addressed in order to constrain or regulate these conflicts. Accordingly, some chapters draw on a political-economy approach that places primary emphasis on resources, organization, and interests, while others develop a cultural approach focusing on how identities are constructed, grievances defined, blame attributed, and redress articulated. This volume offers new ideas about the regulation of identity conflicts, at both the global and local level, that engage both tradition and modernization. It will be of interest to policymakers, political scientists, human rights activists, historians, and anthropologists.
Identity Construction and Illness Narratives in Persons with Disabilities (Interdisciplinary Disability Studies)
by Chalotte GlintborgThis book investigates how being diagnosed with various disabilities impacts on identity. Once diagnosed with a disability, there is a risk that this label can become the primary status both for the person diagnosed as well as for their family. This reification of the diagnosis can be oppressive because it subjugates humanity in such a way that everything a person does can be interpreted as linked to their disability. Drawing on narrative approaches to identity in psychology and social sciences, the bio-psycho-social model and a holistic approach to disabilities, the chapters in this book understand disability as constructed in discourse, as negotiated among speaking subjects in social contexts, and as emergent. By doing so, they amplify voices that may have otherwise remained silent and use storytelling as a way of communicating the participants' realities to provide a more in-depth understanding of their point of view. This book will be of interest to all scholars and students of disability studies, sociology, medical humanities, disability research methods, narrative theory, and rehabilitation studies.
Identity Construction and Tourism Consumption: A Grounded Theory Approach
by İnci Oya Coşkun Erdal ArslanThis book explores how identity plays a pivotal role in tourism consumption. Almost all tourism-related consumption studies underestimate or refer inadequately to identity's relationship with tourism consumption. As identity phenomenon is considerably a new subject in the tourism literature, this book examines its relationship with the consumption theory. It is of interest to readers curious about how pre-, during, and post-consumption activities affect a person's identity and vice versa. This book contains an analysis of consumption theories and a summary of literature identifying the phenomenon's evolution through pre-modern, modern, and post-modern periods. In this context, this book aims to enlighten the interactions between identity construction and tourism consumption. The grounded theory, one of the qualitative research approaches, was applied to accomplish the relevant purpose, and in-depth interviews were recruited following the method approach stages to enable the researchers to gain new insights into the subject. By presenting the identity tended tourism consumption model, this book provides a set of profound contributions to the relevant literature and insight for practitioners/decision-makers and entrepreneurs. This book attempts to clarify the tourists' consumption process and understand how the interactions between identity construction and tourism consumption work. The qualitative methodology (grounded theory) allows in-depth analysis and insights of the participants of the study on their definitions of themselves as human beings and as tourists, decisions on their travel plans, their considerations, motivations to travel and destination preferences, interactions with others, vacation activities, evaluations on their travel experiences, et cetera. Therefore, this book appeals to readers of marketing, business operations, sociology, and economics.
Identity Development during STEM Integration for Underrepresented Minority Students (Elements in Applied Social Psychology)
by Sophie L. Kuchynka Alexander E. Gates Luis M. RiveraOver the past three decades, research efforts and interventions have been implemented across the United States to increase the persistence of underrepresented minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). This Element systematically compares STEM interventions that offer resources and opportunities related to mentorship, research, and more. We organize the findings of this literature into a multi-phase framework of STEM integration and identity development. We propose four distinct phases of STEM integration: Phase 1: High School; Phase 2: Summer before College; Phase 3: First Year of College; and Phase 4: Second Year of College through Graduation. We combine tenets of theories about social identity, stereotypes and bias, and the five-factor operationalization of identity formation to describe each phase of STEM integration. Findings indicate the importance of exploration through exposure to STEM material, mentorship, and diverse STEM communities. We generalize lessons from STEM interventions to URM students across institutions.
Identity Development in the Lifecourse: A Semiotic Cultural Approach to Transitions in Early Adulthood (Sociocultural Psychology of the Lifecourse)
by Mariann MärtsinThis book offers a unique developmental perspective on identity construction in the context of mobility and transition to adulthood. Drawing upon semiotic cultural psychology, it embeds identity construction into the processes of meaning making; viewing identity as a field of hyper-generalised signs that are constantly reconstructed through encounters with social others in cultural worlds, and which allow individuals to make sense of themselves in relation to their lived pasts, experienced presents and imagined futures. Märtsin invites the reader to travel with eight young adults as they embark on their developmental journeys and seek to make sense of issues that matter most to them: home, adventure and belonging, friendships, recognition, and future-planning. The book is an invaluable resource for students and researchers interested in understanding the experiences of emerging adults in contemporary globalized world, but also for those interested in identity processes from a semiotic, cultural and developmental perspective.
Identity Discourses and Communities in International Events, Festivals and Spectacles (Leisure Studies in a Global Era)
by Udo MerkelThis collection focuses on the multi-layered links between international events and identity discourses. With a unique line-up of international scholars, this book offers a diverse range of exciting case studies, including sports competitions, music festivals, exhibitions, fashion shows and royal celebrations.
Identity Economics: How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being
by George A. Akerlof Rachel E. KrantonHow identity influences the economic choices we makeIdentity Economics provides an important and compelling new way to understand human behavior, revealing how our identities—and not just economic incentives—influence our decisions. In 1995, economist Rachel Kranton wrote future Nobel Prize-winner George Akerlof a letter insisting that his most recent paper was wrong. Identity, she argued, was the missing element that would help to explain why people—facing the same economic circumstances—would make different choices. This was the beginning of a fourteen-year collaboration—and of Identity Economics.The authors explain how our conception of who we are and who we want to be may shape our economic lives more than any other factor, affecting how hard we work, and how we learn, spend, and save. Identity economics is a new way to understand people's decisions—at work, at school, and at home. With it, we can better appreciate why incentives like stock options work or don't; why some schools succeed and others don't; why some cities and towns don't invest in their futures—and much, much more.Identity Economics bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save. Thus people's identity—their conception of who they are, and of who they choose to be—may be the most important factor affecting their economic lives. And the limits placed by society on people's identity can also be crucial determinants of their economic well-being.
Identity Envy Wanting to Be Who We're Not: Creative Nonfiction by Queer Writers
by Jim Tushinski Jim Van BuskirkGay men and lesbians present humorous and hard-hitting accounts of the need to belong . . . somewhere Why would a lesbian raised in a Jewish home have a sudden desire to be a tough-talking Catholic girl? And why would a gay man travel to Ireland in a desperate attempt to escape his "hillbilly" roots? Identity Envy-Wanting to Be Who We&’re Not explores the connections gay men and lesbians have to religions, races, ethnicities, classes, families of origin, and genders not their own. This unique anthology takes both humorous and serious looks at the identities of others as queer writers explore their own identity envies in personal essays, memoirs, and other creative nonfiction.Gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, transgendered, intersex, and other sexual minorities often feel marginalized by mainstream culture and have a need to belong somewhere, to claim a group as their own. This surprising book presents stories of identity envy that are humorous and hard-hitting, poignant and provocative, written with energy, wit, and candor by many of your favorite writers-and some exciting newcomers. Identity Envy-Wanting to Be Who We&’re Not includes: Gerard Wozek&’s King Fu-infused "Chasing the Grasshopper" Max Pierce&’s fantasy of being a "Child Star" that helped him through a troubled family life Lori Horvitz&’s "Shiksa in my Living Room" D. Travers Scott's "EuroTex"Perry Brass's "A Serene Invisibility: Turning Myself into a Christian Girl" Jim Tushinski&’s ode to Lost in Space, "The Perfect Space Family" Al Cho&’s unlikely identification with Laura Ingalls Wilder characters, "Farmer Boy" Irish-American John Gilgun wishes he could be one of those "Italian-American Boys" Joan Annsfire rejects her Jewish heritage to become Catholic schoolgirl Corinne O'Donnell in "The Promise of Redemption" Andrew Ramer&’s "Tales of a Male Lesbian" city slicker Mike McGinty&’s life with the cattle folk, "You Picked a Fine Time to Leave Me, Helen" and much more!Identity Envy-Wanting to Be Who We&’re Not is a must-read for anyone who appreciates good writing-especially gay and lesbian readers who know what it&’s like to wish you were someone else.
Identity Problems in the Facebook Era (Framing 21st Century Social Issues)
by Daniel TrottierHow have new social media altered how individuals present themselves? What dilemmas have they introduced? In the age of Facebook, Twitter and other forms of instant communication, individuals are losing (or relinquishing) control over their personal information! Trottier provides a trenchant analysis of the paradoxes of privacy and the presentation of self in the early 21st century. This book is ideal for courses in Sociology, Media Studies and Communication.
Identity Process Theory
by Glynis M. Breakwell Rusi JaspalWe live in an ever-changing social world, which constantly demands adjustment to our identities and actions. Advances in science, technology and medicine, political upheaval, and economic development are just some examples of social change that can impact upon how we live our lives, how we view ourselves and each other, and how we communicate. Three decades after its first appearance, identity process theory remains a vibrant and useful integrative framework in which identity, social action and social change can be collectively examined. This book presents some of the key developments in this area. In eighteen chapters by world-renowned social psychologists, the reader is introduced to the major social psychological debates about the construction and protection of identity in face of social change. Contributors address a wide range of contemporary topics - national identity, risk, prejudice, intractable conflict and ageing - which are examined from the perspective of identity process theory.