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IVF and Assisted Reproduction: A Global History
by Vera Mackie Sarah Ferber Nicola J. MarksThis is the first transnational history of IVF and assisted reproduction. It is a key text for scholars and students in social science, history, science and technology studies (STS), cultural studies, and gender and sexuality studies, and a resource for journalists, policymakers, and anyone interested in assisted reproduction. IVF was seen as revolutionary in 1978 when the first two IVF babies were born, in the UK and India. Assisted reproduction has now contributed to the birth of around ten million people. The book traces the work of IVF teams as they developed new techniques and laid the foundations of a multi-billion-dollar industry. It analyses the changing definitions and experience of infertility, the markets for eggs and children through surrogacy, cross-border reproductive treatment, and the impact of regulation. Using interviews with leading IVF figures, archives, media reports, and the latest science, it is a vital addition to the field of reproduction studies. ‘This pathbreaking account of the global forces behind the rapid rise of the fertility industry is the first to offer such a truly comprehensive overview of this hugely important topic.’ —Sarah Franklin, Chair of Sociology, University of Cambridge ‘In this compelling overview of one of the most significant technological and social interventions ever developed, the cultural and scientific imaginaries of assisted reproduction meet the obdurate histories of laboratory experiments, biological materials, and personal quests. It is an indispensable read for anyone interested in IVF and assisted reproduction.’ —Andrea Whittaker, Professor of Anthropology, Monash University
Iberian Worlds (Global Realities)
by Gary McDonoghIberian Worlds is an imaginative, short text that dramatically depicts important globalization themes and processes through the important flows and impacts Spain and Portugal have had with many important regions of the world for many centuries. Spain and Portugal have long histories at the cutting-edge of world relations, managing far-flung empires, and author Gary McDonogh stresses this historical perspective as well as foregrounding the vast present world fostered by the "Iberian project" - Latin America, Southern Europe, parts of Asia and Africa, in which Spain and Portugal possess enormous power.
Ibn Khaldun and the Social Sciences: Discourse on the Condition of Im-possibility (Critical South)
by Javad TabatabaiArabic and European studies of Ibn Khaldun, the great medieval polymath, follow one of two paths. In one direction, scholars interpret his Prolegomena, written in 1377, as the point at which the new social sciences emerged. They identify Ibn Khaldun’s ‘new science of culture’ as sociology or as an ‘Islamic’ (or ‘Arab’) alternative to sociology. In the other direction, the interpretation of Khaldunian discourse is confined to the Islamic-Aristotelian paradigm of its time. The epistemological novelty of the Prolegomena is dismissed and the science of culture is perceived as a minor contribution to the Aristotelian curriculum. Charting a different path, Javad Tabatabai’s highly original Ibn Khaldun and the Social Sciences is an inquiry into the condition of the im-possibility of the social sciences in the Islamic-Aristotelian paradigm. Rather than identifying the science of culture as a forerunner of, or alternative to, sociology, it investigates the Prolegomena within the epistemological framework established by the social sciences. Javad Tabatabai theorizes the condition of im-possibility of the ‘scientific revolution’ as the ‘epistemic obstacle’ to modernity in Islamic civilization. This theorization revisits Michel Foucault’s discussion of the condition of possibility of the human sciences in light of the history of Christian-Aristotelian thought and the broader French debates about epistemology from Bachelard to Althusser. Ibn Khaldun and the Social Science offers a critical theory of tradition and modernity in the Middle East, elaborating on a historical situation where social and human sciences emerged by the way of colonial and post-colonial translations of discourse from Europe, and in a historical and epistemological break with inherited traditions of knowledge. In this situation, Tabatabai highlights the significance of reactivating Ibn Khaldun’s critical reckoning with the limit of inherited traditions as the political-theological horizon of renewal.
Ibn Khaldūn and the Arab Origins of the Sociology of Civilisation and Power
by Annalisa VerzaThis book presents Ibn Khaldūn's anticipatory sociology of civilisations and power. Half a millennium before the birth of modern sociology in the West, Ibn Khaldūn—scholar, political counsellor, and Malikite judge—wrote a revolutionary sociological-philosophical treatise, the Muqaddima. This book places his broad, complex, and refined treatise against the background of the Islamo-Greek culture of his time and analyses its main sociological, but also philosophical, historical, and scientific perspectives. Finally, thanks to its "universalisable" core, the author recontextualizes the teachings from the Muqaddima to reveal the deep insights it provides into the society, politics and law of contemporary liberal and multicultural civilisations. A deeper reception of Ibn Khaldūn's perspective is not only important in understanding the Arab contribution to social theory, social history and philosophy, but also diversifies the sociological project beyond the Euro-American standpoint. Given its interdisciplinary appeal, the book addresses a wide readership of students and scholars in sociology, the sociology of law, philosophy of law, philosophy of history, political philosophy, history of civilisations, political sociology, and Arabic studies.
Icelandic Heritage in North America
by Birna Arnbjörnsdóttir, Höskuldur Thráinsson and Úlfar BragasonA celebration of cultural inheritance and the evolution of language. Mapping the language, literature, and history of Icelandic immigrants and their descendants, this collection, translated and expanded for English-speaking audiences, delivers a comprehensive overview of Icelandic linguistic and cultural heritage in North America. Drawn from the findings of a three-year study involving over two hundred participants from Manitoba, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, and the Pacific West Coast, Icelandic Heritage in North America reveals the durability and versatility of the Icelandic language. Editors Birna Arnbjörnsdóttir, Höskuldur Thráinsson, and Úlfar Bragason bring together a range of interdisciplinary scholarship to investigate the endurance of the “Western Icelander.” Chapters delve into the literary works of Icelandic immigrant writers and interpret archival letters, newspapers, and journal entries to provide both qualitative and quantitative linguistic analyses and to mark significant cultural shifts between early settlement and today. Icelandic Heritage in North America offers an in-depth examination of Icelandic immigrant identity, linguistic evolution, and legacy.
Ich und die Anderen: Der Einfluss von Selbst- und Fremdbildern auf den beruflichen Alltag (essentials)
by Antje PfabDer Umgang mit anderen Menschen ist geprägt von der eigenen Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung. Berufliches Handeln wird von idealen Selbstbildern beeinflusst und kann zu Missverständnissen und Konflikten führen, wenn dieses Bild nicht mit dem Bild Anderer übereinstimmt. Die Autorin erklärt, wie menschliche Wahrnehmung funktioniert, Selbst- und Fremdbilder gebildet werden und welche Rolle die eigene Kultur dabei spielt. Sie gibt Anregungen zu einem bewussteren Umgang mit Selbst- und Fremdbildern.
Icon, Brand, Myth: The Calgary Stampede
by Max ForanAn investigation of the meanings and iconography of the Stampede: an invented tradition that takes over the city of Calgary for ten days every July. Since 1923, archetypal "Cowboys and Indians" are seen again at the chuckwagon races, on the midway, and throughout Calgary. Each essay in this collection examines a facet of the experience--from the images on advertising posters to the ritual of the annual parade. This study of the Calgary Stampede as a social phenomenon reveals the history and sociology of the city of Calgary and the social construction of identity for western Canada as a whole.
Icons of England
by Bill BrysonThis celebration of the English countryside does not only focus on the rolling green landscapes and magnificent monuments that set England apart from the rest of the world. Many of the contributors bring their own special touch, presenting a refreshingly eclectic variety of personal icons, from pub signs to seaside piers, from cattle grids to canal boats, and from village cricket to nimbies. First published as a lavish colour coffeetable book, this new expanded paperback edition has double the original number of contributions from many celebrities including Bill Bryson, Michael Palin, Eric Clapton, Bryan Ferry, Sebastian Faulks, Kate Adie, Kevin Spacey, Gavin Pretor-Pinney, Richard Mabey , Simon Jenkins, John Sergeant, Benjamin Zephaniah, Joan Bakewell, Antony Beevor, Libby Purves, Jonathan Dimbleby, and many more: and a new preface by HRH Prince Charles.
Idea Of Civil Society
by Adam SeligmanAs the countries of East-Central Europe struggle to create liberal democracy and the United States and other Western nations attempt to rediscover their own tarnished civil institutions, Adam Seligman identifies the neglect of the idea of "civil society" as a central concern common to both cultures today. Two centuries after its origins in the Enlightenment, the idea of civil society is being revived to provide an answer to the question of how individuals can pursue their own interests while preserving the greater good of society and, similarly, how society can advance the interests of the individuals who comprise it. However, as Seligman shows, the erosion of the very moral beliefs and philosophical assumptions upon which the idea of civil society was founded makes its revival much more difficult than is generally recognized.
Ideaflow: The Only Business Metric That Matters
by Jeremy Utley Perry Klebahn&“Teams succeed to the degree that there is a free flow of ideas. Read this book to learn how to bring out the best in others—and in yourself.&” — Scott Galloway, bestselling author of The Four and Post CoronaIdeaflow: the number of ideas you or your team can generate in a set amount of time We all want great ideas, but few actually understand how they&’re born. Innovation doesn&’t come from a sprint or a hackathon--it&’s a result of maximizing ideaflow. Jeremy Utley and Perry Klebahn of Stanford&’s renowned Hasso Plattner Institute of Design (aka the &“d.school&”) offer a proven strategy for coming up with great ideas by yourself or with your team, and quickly determining which are worthy. Drawing upon their combined decades of experience leading Stanford&’s premier Launchpad accelerator and advising some of the world&’s most innovative organizations, like Microsoft, Michelin, Keller Williams Realty, and Hyatt, they&’ll teach you how to: • Overcome dangerous thinking traps • Find inspiration in unexpected places • Trick your own brain to be more creative • Design and deploy affordable experiments • Fill your innovation pipeline • Unleash your own creative potential, as well as the potential of others Perhaps you have experienced low ideaflow. Have you been in that quiet conference room, with a half-filled whiteboard, and an unmet business target?. With the proven system in this book, entrepreneurs, managers, and leaders will learn how to tap into surprising and valuable ideas on demand and fill the creative pipeline with breakthrough ideas.
Ideal Homes?: Social Change and the Experience of the Home
by Jenny Hockey Tony ChapmanIdeal Homes? shows how both popular images and experiences of home life relate to the ability of society's members to produce and respond to social change. The book provides for the first time an analysis of the space of the home and the experiences of home life by writers from a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, architecture, geography and anthropology. It covers a range of subjects, including gender roles, different generations relationships to home, the changing nature of the family, transition and risk and alternative visions of home.
Ideal Types in Comparative Social Policy
by Christian AspalterThis book introduces readers to the world of ideal types within the readings of Max Weber by giving a theoretical understanding of ideal types, as well as applying the development of ideal types to an array of social policy arenas. The twenty-first century has seen the development of welfare regime analysis marked by two differing strands: real-typical welfare regime analyses and ideal-typical welfare regime analysis; the latter focusing on the formation, development and application of ideal types in general comparative social policy. Designed to provide new theoretical and practical frameworks, as well as updated in-depth developments of ideal-typical welfare regime theory, this book shows how Weber’s method of setting up and checking against ‘ideal types’ can be used in a wide variety of policy areas such as welfare state system comparison, comparative social and economic development, health policy, mental health policy, health care system analysis, gender policy, employment policy, education policy and so forth. The book will be of interest to all scholars and students working in the fields of social policy including health policy, public policy, political economy, sociology, social work, gender studies, social anthropology, and many more.
Ideas Are Free: How the Idea Revolution is Liberating People and Transforming Organizations
by Alan G. Robinson Dean M. SchroederBecause they're doing the day-to-day work, front-line employees see many problems and opportunities their managers don't. But most organizations fail to realize this potentially extraordinary source of revenue-enhancing ideas.
Ideas That Created the Future: Classic Papers of Computer Science
by Harry R. LewisClassic papers by thinkers ranging from from Aristotle and Leibniz to Norbert Wiener and Gordon Moore that chart the evolution of computer science.Ideas That Created the Future collects forty-six classic papers in computer science that map the evolution of the field. It covers all aspects of computer science: theory and practice, architectures and algorithms, and logic and software systems, with an emphasis on the period of 1936-1980 but also including important early work. Offering papers by thinkers ranging from Aristotle and Leibniz to Alan Turing and Nobert Wiener, the book documents the discoveries and inventions that created today's digital world. Each paper is accompanied by a brief essay by Harry Lewis, the volume's editor, offering historical and intellectual context.
Ideas and Art in Asian Civilizations: India, China and Japan
by Kenneth R. StunkelThis work covers topics related to the exercise of influence by individuals and groups within organizations. It includes an introductory group of articles dealing with the nature of influence processes and power.
Ideas and Intervention: Social Theory for Practice (Routledge Library Editions: Social Theory)
by Joe BaileyTheorizing in sociology has increasingly become a self-generating and self-fulfilling activity, as sociologists absorb theory as an isolated and formalist part of their discipline. Joe Bailey believes that sociological theory should be a contribution to practical social intervention. His book presents a practical view of social theorizing as an activity at which sociologists are skilled and which they could teach to the interventionist professions. The relation between theory and practice is defined as one in which theory guides practice and makes explicit necessary choices. A description of disciplines and professions is provided as a basis for examining social intervention in three areas – law, social work and urban planning. The author considers some exemplary contributions which sociological theorizing could and should provide, and concludes by proposing a pluralist view of theory as the best strategy for a sociology relevant to practice.
Ideas and the Pace of Change
by Katherine BootheCanada is the only OECD country that has universal, comprehensive public hospital and medical insurance but lacks equivalent pharmaceutical coverage. In Ideas and the Pace of Change, Katherine Boothe explains the reasons for this unique situation. Using archival, interview, and polling data, Boothe compares the policy histories of Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia in order to understand why Canada followed a different path on pharmaceutical insurance.Boothe argues that pace matters in policy change. Quick, radical change requires centralized political institutions, an elite consensus, and an engaged, attentive electorate. Without these prerequisites, states are far more likely to take a slower, incremental approach. But while rapid policy change reinforces the new consensus, incremental progress strengthens the status quo, letting development stall and raising the bar for achieving change.An important contribution to the study of comparative political economy, Ideas and the Pace of Change should be required reading for anyone seeking to understand why health care reforms succeed or fail.
Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417
by Joseph CanningThrough a focused and systematic examination of late medieval scholastic writers - theologians, philosophers and jurists - Joseph Canning explores how ideas about power and legitimate authority were developed over the 'long fourteenth century'. The author provides a new model for understanding late medieval political thought, taking full account of the intensive engagement with political reality characteristic of writers in this period. He argues that they used Aristotelian and Augustinian ideas to develop radically new approaches to power and authority, especially in response to political and religious crises. The book examines the disputes between King Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII and draws upon the writings of Dante Alighieri, Marsilius of Padua, William of Ockham, Bartolus, Baldus and John Wyclif to demonstrate the variety of forms of discourse used in the period. It focuses on the most fundamental problem in the history of political thought - where does legitimate authority lie?
Ideas on Institutions: analysing the literature on long-term care and custody (Routledge Revivals)
by Kathleen Jones A J FowlesFirst published in 1984, Ideas on Institution is a review of the major English-language literature of the past two decades on the experience of living in institutions - hospitals, mental hospitals, prisons. The survey opens with a consideration of the writings of Erving Goffman, Michael Foucault, and Thomas Szasz. They shattered the liberal consensus that the purpose of imprisonment was to reform. Instead, their work argued that the purpose of prisons and mental hospitals was social control, and that prisons created criminals, and mental facilities created mental illness. Part II looks at four British studies : Russell Barton's Institutional Neurosis which suggested the existence of a new disease entity; Peter Townsend's The Last Refuge, a study of old people in residential care; The Morrisses’ Pentonville, a study of a London prison which became a classic in criminology; and Sans Everything, a symposium which paved the way for a series of official hospital enquiries in the 1970s. Part III examines David Rothman's two historical studies on how and why the U.S. constructed institutions, and how and why reform movements failed; N.N. Kittrie's The Right to be Different, a wide-ranging attack on the compulsory treatment of a variety of 'deviants', including the mentally ill, juvenile delinquents and drug abusers; Cohen and Taylor's Psychological survival, a disturbing analysis of the lives of long-term prisoners in a maximum security wing; Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment on the malignant effects of prison conditions on the personalities of both prisoners and their guards; and King and Elliott's study of Albany Prison, showing how a promising therapeutic experiment went wrong. This book will be of interest to students of history, gerontology, sociology, social policy, penology, psychology and political science.
Ideas on the Move in the Social Sciences and Humanities: The International Circulation of Paradigms and Theorists (Socio-Historical Studies of the Social and Human Sciences)
by Gisèle Sapiro Patrick Baert Marco SantoroThis edited collection analyses the reception of a selection of key thinkers, and the dissemination of paradigms, theories and controversies across the social sciences and humanities since 1945. It draws on data collected from textbooks, curricula, interviews, archives, and references in scientific journals, from a broad range of countries and disciplines to provide an international and comparative perspective that will shed fresh light on the circulation of ideas in the social and human sciences. The contributions cover high-profile disputes on methodology, epistemology, and research practices, and the international reception of theorists that have abiding and interdisciplinary relevance, such as: Antonio Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, Karl Polanyi, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Edward Said and Gayatri Spivak. This important work will be a valuable resource to scholars of the history of ideas and the philosophy of the social sciences; in addition to researchers in the fields of social, cultural and literary theory.
Ideas, Interests and the Development of the European Banking Systems (Wirtschaft + Gesellschaft)
by Florian BruggerWhat are the grand dynamics that drive the history of economies? The laws of supply & demand, most economists would argue. For the history of European banking, this book offers an alternative explanation: Rather than market forces, the coincidence and coalitions of charismatic ideas and powerful interests is what shaped banking in Europe! In “Ideas, Interests and the Development of the European Banking Systems”, Florian Brugger traced decisive moments in the history of the European Banking Sector: from the time of the Italian City-States to the post World War I period, he shows how coalitions of ideas and interests built the tracks along which the European Banking Sector developed. Inspired by Max Weber he argues that economic organizations and institutions, like the Banking Sector, are embedded into three fundamental orders: the economic, the cultural and the political order. Enforced and institutionalized by vested interests, ideas of the cultural order legitimate and empower interests of the economic and political order. What is more, decisive moments were frequently characterized by coalitions of ideas and interests between parties that in normal times had nothing in common or were even confronting each other in a hostile way.
Identical Twins: The Social Construction and Performance of Identity in Culture and Society (Concepts for Critical Psychology)
by Mvikeli NcubeIn Identical Twins: The Social Construction and Performance of Identity in Culture and Society, Ncube conceptualises twin identity as a multi-layered dynamic that changes through performance, and explores twin identity through a social constructionist approach. Until now, mainstream twin studies have mostly sought to explain social phenomena about twins from ‘inside’ the person, providing their explanations in terms of internal entities such as personality structures with an obvious underlying essentialist assumption. By examining the theories of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, Ncube shows that the ‘identity’ of twins is managed in both an academic and cultural context, and in relation to specific audiences. Relocating the explanations that we gather in social research, including in qualitative research in psychology, the book focuses its enquiry on the social practices and interactions that people engage in with each other, not delving ‘inside’ the person. Using real-world twin accounts, the book maps out the social construction of twin identity, and allows for the twins’ own voices to be examined in relation to twin experiences. Also addressing aspects of being misunderstood, as well as the idea of misunderstanding oneself, this is fascinating reading for students and researchers in critical and cultural psychology, and anyone interested in twin studies.
Identification Problems in the Social Sciences
by Charles F. ManskiThis book provides a language and a set of tools for finding bounds on the predictions that social and behavioral scientists can logically make from nonexperimental and experimental data. The economist Charles F. Manski draws on examples from criminology, demography, epidemiology, social psychology, and sociology as well as economics to illustrate this language and to demonstrate the broad usefulness of the tools. There are many traditional ways to present identification problems in econometrics, sociology, and psychometrics. Some of these are primarily statistical in nature, using concepts such as flat likelihood functions and nondistinct parameter estimates. Manski’s strategy is to divorce identification from purely statistical concepts and to present the logic of identification analysis in ways that are accessible to a wide audience in the social and behavioral sciences. In each case, problems are motivated by real examples with real policy importance, the mathematics is kept to a minimum, and the deductions on identifiability are derived giving fresh insights. Manski begins with the conceptual problem of extrapolating predictions from one population to some new population or to the future. He then analyzes in depth the fundamental selection problem that arises whenever a scientist tries to predict the effects of treatments on outcomes. He carefully specifies assumptions and develops his nonparametric methods of bounding predictions. Manski shows how these tools should be used to investigate common problems such as predicting the effect of family structure on children’s outcomes and the effect of policing on crime rates. Successive chapters deal with topics ranging from the use of experiments to evaluate social programs, to the use of case-control sampling by epidemiologists studying the association of risk factors and disease, to the use of intentions data by demographers seeking to predict future fertility. The book closes by examining two central identification problems in the analysis of social interactions: the classical simultaneity problem of econometrics and the reflection problem faced in analyses of neighborhood and contextual effects.
Identifications of French People of Algerian Origin (Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series)
by Jacek KuberaThis book is an innovative presentation of the way in which the descendants of Muslim immigrants from Algeria in France perceive and deal with multiple social identifications. Against the background of the theory and methodology (such as Saussure's sign theory, Znaniecki's sociology, and Brubaker and Cooper's concepts), Kubera offers a new analysis into identity in a multicultural society. The book revolves around a combination of the modernist and post-modernist paradigms: highlighting both the constant and situational aspects of social identity. By focusing on identifications, the author shows how to overcome the problem of "intangibility" of identity in research practice. Touching on colonialism, gender, religion, migration, and racism, this will be an important contribution to students and scholars across sociology, anthropology, political science, law, and international relations.
Identifikation, Begehren, Gewalt: Kulturwissenschaftliche Studien zu den konstitutiven Elementen von sozialen Bindungen. Herausgegeben von Juliane Rytz (Kulturelle Figurationen: Artefakte, Praktiken, Fiktionen)
by Matthias WaltzDie Aufsätze in diesem Band verbinden eine Kulturtheorie vom Bourdieu‘schen Typ mit Grundgedanken der Arbeiten von Jacques Lacan. Die mit dem Habitus gegebene Bindung der Subjekte an eine kollektive Wirklichkeitsdeutung, also was Bourdieu unter dem Begriff der Inkorporation fasst, wird hier nicht als selbstverständlich gegeben genommen, sondern problematisiert. Es geht also um die Frage, mit welchen Verfahren es einer Kultur gelingt, die Verbindung der Subjekte mit einer gemeinsamen Welt herzustellen. Lacans Begriffe des Symbolischen und des Imaginären als Modi der Identifikation werden für die Analyse dieser Verfahren fruchtbar gemacht. So wird gezeigt, wie unterschiedliche Typen der Bindungsherstellung verschiedene kulturelle Formationen, Menschentypen und Weltbezüge hervorbringen. Einige Aufsätze behandeln theoretische Aspekte dieser Problematik, andere wiederum beschreiben einzelne kulturelle Bereiche als Konstrukte auf der Basis der verschiedenen Verfahren der Herstellung von Bindung und Begehren. Insgesamt erschließt sich daraus eine fundierte und originäre Kulturtheorie der Gegenwart.