- Table View
- List View
Institutional Ethnography in the Nordic Region (Routledge Advances in Research Methods)
by Rebecca W. B. Lund Ann Christin E. NilsenDeveloped in response to the theoretically driven mainstream sociology, institutional ethnography starts from people’s everyday experiences, and works from there to discover how the social is organized. Starting from experience is a central step in challenging taken-for-granted assumptions and relations of power, whilst responding critically to the neoliberal cost-benefit ideology that has come to permeate welfare institutions and the research sector. This book explicates the Nordic response to institutional ethnography, showing how it has been adapted and interpreted within the theoretical and methodological landscape of social scientific research in the region, as well as the institutional particularities of the Nordic welfare state. Addressing the main topics of concern in the Nordic context, together with the way in which research is undertaken, the authors show how institutional ethnography is combined with different theories and methodologies in order to address particular problematics, as well as examining its standing in relation to contemporary research policy and university reforms. With both theoretical and empirical chapters, this book will appeal to scholars and students of sociology, professional studies and anthropology with interests in research methods and the Nordic region.
Institutional Intelligence: How to Build an Effective Organization
by Gordon T. SmithWe tend to view institutions cynically, but they are essential to human flourishing and thriving communities. Focusing on the non-profit sector, Gordon Smith unpacks the core of institutional intelligence, showing team leaders, directors, executives, board members, and employees how to work effectively within the institutional character of their organizations.
Institutional Interaction: Studies of Talk at Work (Directions in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis)
by Ilkka ArminenInstitutional Interaction focuses on talk and interaction in institutional contexts. The first systematic book-length study on this expanding area, it discusses the theory and methodology of conversation analysis, focusing on studies of institutional interaction, before examining the basics of institutional interaction in selected fields. Cutting-edge new applications are assessed, such as human-computer interaction, the role of ethnography, statistics and the relationship of institutional talk to ordinary talk. Accessibly written and carefully structured to provide a sophisticated introduction to conversation analysis applied in institutional settings, the book offers a wealth of examples ranging from the classroom, to the courtroom, to the doctor's surgery. The book also features helpful suggestions for further reading, designed to appeal to students and academics in socio-linguistics, social psychology, organizational studies, management and information systems and applied linguistics.
Institutional Life: Family, Schools, Race, and Religion (Essays on Mexico Central South America)
by Neil Larry ShumskyFirst Published in 1996. Volume 8 in the 8-volume series titled American Cities: A Collection of Essays. This series brings together more than 200 scholarly articles pertaining to the history and development of urban life in the United States during the past two centuries. Volume 8 discusses several institutions that are uniquely urban: voluntary associations, vigilance committees, and organized police forces. These articles attempt to consider race and ethnicity class, gender, and the various experiences of different groups of Americans.
Institutional Logics and Practice of the Evolution of Urban–Rural Relationships (Social Development Experiences in China)
by Xiaoye Zhe Yun AiThis book mainly analyzes the major issues at all phases of the transition of urban-rural relation, as well as measures adopted by the transition launcher in face of such issues, including not only the system and policy design of the national and local government, but the countermeasures of basic-level units at urban and rural areas and the people. Through reference of the social structure and social behavior, it proposes “opportunity structures”, “interactive mechanism” and “behavior strategies” for different periods, which to some degree promotes the transition of urban-rural relation and brings in new, more complicated issues for the development. It is under the impact of such new and existing issues that big problem follows when the urban-rural relation steps onto a new stage, showing several paths and practices different from the general urbanization and modernization theories.
Institutional Logics within Faith-Based Aid: A New Approach to Organising in Development, Humanitarianism and Advocacy (Routledge Research in Religion and Development)
by Nina G. KurlbergThis book investigates what faith means in the actual day-to-day practice of faith-based NGOs working in the development, humanitarian, and advocacy sectors.Faith-based organisations play an extremely prominent role in international aid and development, operating within the same sphere as organisations without an explicit religious affiliation. This book uses the case study of a UK-based Christian faith-based organisation to develop an analytic tool using institutional logics. Through exploration of how various institutional logics are manifested and negotiated across organisational practice, the book describes how the ‘telos,’ or objective, of the corporate logic (to sustain the organisation) interacts with the telos of the religious logic (namely, to worship God). The book demonstrates that since organisational practices must ultimately work to sustain the organisation, at the organisational level faith is restricted to certain spaces and forms, while at the individual level faith is dominant and active.Bringing a fresh perspective to discussions of religion and development by highlighting how faith influences development at the organisational level, this book will be an important read for researchers working on global development.
Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America
by Diane C EmlingInvisible, intractable and deadly—such is the nature of institutional racism. But are there mitigating actions that society could take against them? Diane Carpenter Emling explores this question in Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America. Moving beyond the immediate sources and consequences of prejudice, racism and inequality, to thoroughly assess approaches to restorative justice, Emling details America’s complex history of racism, demonstrating how it becomes embedded in society through land ownership, housing, education, health care, employment, public services and criminal justice. For each of these issues, she suggests actions to restore justice. But societies don’t operate institution by institution, and extraordinary changes will be necessary to address systemic racism. Directed at college undergraduate students, Emling’s book offers a valued contribution for teaching courses in African American studies, sociology, economics, politics and American history. Written in a comprehensive and accessible style, this book offers a much-needed perspective in the literature on institutional racism.
Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America
by Diane Carpenter EmlingInvisible, intractable, and deadly— such is the nature of institutional racism. But are there mitigating actions that society could take against it? Diane Carpenter Emling explores this question in Institutional Racism and Restorative Justice: Oppression and Privilege in America. Moving beyond the immediate sources and consequences of prejudice, racism, and inequality to thoroughly assess approaches to restorative justice, Emling details America’s complex history of racism, demonstrating how it becomes embedded in society through land ownership, housing, education, health care, employment, public services, and criminal justice. For each of these issues, she suggests actions to restore justice. But societies don’t operate institution by institution, and extraordinary changes will be necessary to address systemic racism. Directed at college undergraduate students, Emling’s book offers a valueable contribution for teaching courses in African-American studies, sociology, economics, politics, and American history. Written in a comprehensive and accessible style, this book offers a much-needed perspective in the literature on institutional racism. This new edition includes important accounts and analysis of the political and social upheavals following the Georgy Floyd killing and subsequent demonstrations, the cultural battle over Critical Race Theory, and the foregrounding of race in American politics and institutions.
Institutional Racism: A Primer on Theory and Strategies for Social Change (Second Edition)
by Shirley BetterMany people associate racism with bigoted individuals and radical groups on the fringes of society. Shirley Better argues that racism is much larger than negative attitudes and that it touches the very core of our lives as Americans. In this enhanced second edition, Better explores the historical origins of institutional racism, details its devastating effects on contemporary society such as the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and outlines real possibilities for social, political, and economic change in the 21st century. Racism persists because dominant groups are unwilling to acknowledge, let alone give up, the benefits of whiteness. Through numerous examples, Institutional Racism demonstrates how inequality and racial exclusion are embedded within the fabric of American society. Better explores how racism has restricted equal access to educational opportunities, employment, and housing, and she considers the influence of racism in the criminal justice system. Beyond detailing the sometimes subtle institutional causes and pernicious effects of racism, Better offers numerous strategies for individuals and groups as they seek to combat this pervasive social problem. Institutional Racism is a must read for those whose seek to understand the underpinnings of racism and for everyone interested in the practical possibilities of racial pluralism and equality in the United States.
Institutional Racism: Colonialism, Epistemic Injustice and Cumulative Trauma
by Shamila AhmedInstitutional Racism explores the role of colonialism, truth, and knowledge in creating and maintaining institutional racism. It documents how the manipulation of truth and knowledge facilitated colonialism and epistemicide to create a perpetrator perspective of institutional racism that maintains the illusionary status of equality and justice and continues to conceal the breadth and depth of victimisation.The chapters present an understanding of how epistemicide, critical race theory, post-colonialism, white racial frames, white privilege, and insidious trauma can be used to critique the discourses and mechanisms that sustain a perpetrator perspective of institutional racism and how these concepts facilitate a victim perspective of institutional racism that documents the cumulative psychological and physical harms of institutional racism. The second half of the book provides grounded case studies of institutional racism in the areas of education, policing, the war on terror, and Covid 19 to demonstrate how contemporary processes of colonialism and epistemicide maintain and reinforce institutional racism to negatively impact physical and mental health and contribute to cumulative trauma.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of criminology, sociology, criminal justice, history, law, and politics, and those studying race, ethnicity, and racism, as well as anyone interested in learning about racism, structural inequality, and institutional racism.
Institutional Responses to Drug Demand in Central Europe (Public Policy And Social Welfare Ser. #Vol. 27)
by Flip MaasThis title was first first published in 2002: Understanding the link between institutional contexts and drug problems is crucial to the process of developing appropriate drug policies and drug demand reduction strategies. However, this link is too often taken for granted, with most drug-related research relying on epidemiological, bio-medical or clinical approaches, ignoring the social contexts in which drug use finds its causes and where its consequences are most visible and hardest felt. This book analyses the institutional responses to the drug problem in the States of Central and Eastern Europe, providing conclusive evidence that the drug problem is a social one and that its causes emerge from a broad array of social factors. Charting the changing policy perceptions and attitudes towards drugs and related problems alongside new organizations designed to counteract drug-related problems, the book provides important new insights into one of the most important problems confronting nations around the world.
Institutional Responses to Drug Demand in Central Europe (Routledge Revivals #Vol. 27)
by Flip MaasThis title was first first published in 2002: Understanding the link between institutional contexts and drug problems is crucial to the process of developing appropriate drug policies and drug demand reduction strategies. However, this link is too often taken for granted, with most drug-related research relying on epidemiological, bio-medical or clinical approaches, ignoring the social contexts in which drug use finds its causes and where its consequences are most visible and hardest felt. This book analyses the institutional responses to the drug problem in the States of Central and Eastern Europe, providing conclusive evidence that the drug problem is a social one and that its causes emerge from a broad array of social factors. Charting the changing policy perceptions and attitudes towards drugs and related problems alongside new organizations designed to counteract drug-related problems, the book provides important new insights into one of the most important problems confronting nations around the world.
Institutional Theory and Human Resource Management (Routledge Research in Human Resource Management)
by Alireza HashemiThis research volume delves into the intricate realm of human resource management (HRM) through the lens of institutional theory.Spanning eight chapters, it meticulously explores the intersection of organizational studies and HRM, offering a deep understanding of how institutional contexts shape HRM practices and behaviors. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the contextual approach in HRM and its linkage with institutional theory. By leveraging the insights provided, they can enhance their analytical skills, enrich their understanding of institutional complexities, and design effective HRM strategies tailored to organizational contexts. Key topics covered include institutional pressure, logic, action, response, work, and entrepreneurship in HRM, as well as micro-institutions and multi-level HRM approaches.This book will be of value to academics, researchers, and practitioners in the field of HRM seeking to deepen their understanding of the institutional underpinnings of HRM. It is also invaluable for advanced students studying HRM, organizational studies, or related disciplines, providing them with a solid theoretical foundation and practical insights for navigating the complexities of HRM in real-world contexts.
Institutional Theory in Tourism and Hospitality (Routledge Focus on Tourism and Hospitality Research)
by C. Michael Hall Anna EarlInstitutions are fundamental aspects for driving tourism and hospitality globally. They are the socio-economic "rules of the game" that serve to shape and constrain human and organisational interactions. This book is the first of its kind to provide a comprehensive overview of institutional theory in a tourism and hospitality context. The complexity and multiple scaled nature of the institutional environment plays a crucial role in the development and formation of tourism destinations, attractions, organisations, and businesses, as well as influencing the activities of individuals. Institutional theory therefore provides a means to understand the complexity and processes of change at different scales of analysis and provides insights into the organisational and political basis of tourism policy development and implementation. Chapters introduce and expand on institutional analysis in tourism and hospitality, institutional theory in the social sciences, methodological issues, and future directions in institutional analysis in tourism and hospitality, making use of case studies throughout. This book will appeal to students of tourism, hospitality, leisure, and events, as well as other social science disciplines. Providing a comprehensive overview of and guide to the application of institutional theory, this book will serve as a complete reference to institutional theory in a tourism and hospitality setting for years to come.
Institutional Theory: The Cultural Construction of Organizations, States, and Identities
by John W. Meyer Ronald L. JeppersonOver the past three decades, Meyer, Jepperson, and colleagues have contributed to the development of one of the leading approaches in social theory, by analyzing the cultural frameworks that have shaped modern organizations, states, and identities. Bringing together key articles and new reflections, this volume collects the essential theoretical ideas of 'sociological neoinstitutionalism.' It clarifies the core ideas and situates them within social theory writ large. Among other topics, the authors discuss the changing nature of the “actors” that have operated within contemporary social structure. The book concludes with the evolving frameworks that have structured social activity in the post–World War II period of 'embedded liberalism,' in the more recent neoliberal period, and in an emergent post-liberal period that appears to be a radical departure.
Institutional Violence against Afghan Refugees: An Analysis of Violence in Institutions in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden from A Comparative Perspective
by Mojib Rahman AtalThe long-lasting political instability in Afghanistan since the Soviet Union invasion in 1979 has displaced millions of Afghans, both internally and internationally. Despite their growing numbers, the challenges that Afghan refugees encounter in public institutions and everyday interaction with members of their host countries have remained largely uninvestigated. This research thus explores perceived institutional violence against Afghan refugees in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The semi-structured interviews provide evidence on the occurrence of perceived verbal violence, and differential and poor treatment in institutions. The quantitative analysis lends empirical evidence to the extent, factors, grounds, and consequences of institutional verbal violence, institutional failure, everyday discrimination, and sense of belonging. Permanent residence, school education, age, having children, country of residence, citizenship, and employment were identified as factors significantly affecting the experiences and perceptions of respondents. Respondents reported negative experiences mostly in institutions that often deal with migration and asylum matters. Legal status, ethnic origin, religion, unemployment, appearance, and lower language proficiency seem to be the main grounds for institutional violence.
Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations
by Thomas B. Lawrence Roy Suddaby Bernard LecaThe 'institutional' approach to organizational research has shown how enduring features of social life - such as marriage and bureaucracy - act as mechanisms of social control. Such approaches have traditionally focused attention on the relationships between organizations and the fields in which they operate, providing strong accounts of the processes through which institutions govern action. In contrast, the study of institutional work reorients these traditional concerns, shifting the focus to understanding how action affects institutions. This book sets a research agenda within the field of institutional work by analyzing the ways in which individuals, groups, and organizations work to create, maintain, and disrupt the institutions that structure their lives. Through a series of essays and case studies, it explores the conceptual core of institutional work, identifies institutional work strategies, provides exemplars for future empirical research, and embeds the concept within broader sociological debates and ideas.
Institutional guide to using AI for research (Advances in Artificial Intelligence in Education #2)
by Xue Zhou Hosam Al-SamarraieThis book provides a comprehensive exploration of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into academic research, specifically tailored for higher education institutions and postgraduate research (PGR) students. It addresses the unique challenges and opportunities that these institutions and students encounter when incorporating AI into research. The work emphasises practical case studies, step-by-step guides on AI tools and techniques, ethical considerations in AI usage, and features contributions from experts across various disciplines. Following the introduction, the book delves into the specifics of how AI can enhance academic research such as literature review, data analysis and interpretation, and assistance in academic writing across different disciplines. The wide range of topics introduced in this book is supported by practical examples and guidance. This book also explores the landscape of current AI applications in research, the methodologies for effectively leveraging AI technologies, and the critical ethical dimensions of AI work. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in expanding the use of AI in research is covered in this book by drawing on expert insights to provide a rich, multifaceted understanding of the potential of AI in academia. The combination of topics in this book can empower PGR students to navigate the complexities of AI in their research. The book is a much-needed compilation prepared by leading scholars in the field of digital technology to help PGRs, as well as decision-makers, determine the best ways to integrate and use AI tools in research.
Institutionality: Studies of Discursive and Material (Re-)ordering (Postdisciplinary Studies in Discourse)
by Yannik Porsché Ronny Scholz Jaspal Naveel SinghThis edited book brings together humanities and social sciences scholars from the various disciplines at the nexus of discourse studies and ethnography to reflect on questions of institutional practices and their political concerns. Institutional order plays an important role in structuring power relations in society. Yet, contrary to common understandings of structure, institutional orders are far from fixed or stable. They constantly change, and they are resisted and reimagined by social actors. The 20 studies collected in this edited volume develop the notion of institutionality as an overarching perspective to explore how institutional actors and institutional practices order and reorder power in societies across the globe. Thereby the chapters pay special attention to the fluidity, volatility, fragility, and ambiguity of order, and consequently to its claims to authority. Employing a broad range of discourse analytic and ethnographic methodologies, the studies show how institutions are discursively and materially constructed, defined, represented and how they are made relevant and become powerful – or how they are resisted, transformed or lose significance – in interaction. Readers will obtain nuanced insights into ways in which differently positioned social actors engage in struggles about how institutions can be imagined and enacted across several domains, such as workplace interactions, architecture, mass-media representations or organisational publicity. This book will be of interest to readers in Applied Linguistics, Discourse and Society, Critical Discourse Analysis, Political Theory and Communication Studies.
Institutionalizing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The Role of Science, Professionalism, and Regulatory Control
by Alexander Styhre Rebecka ArmanReproductive medicine has been very successful at developing new therapies in recent years and people having difficulties conceiving have more options available to them than ever before. These developments have led to a new institutional landscape emerging and this innovative volume explores how health and social structures are being developed and reconfigured to take into account the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF treatments. Using Sweden as a central case study, it explores how the process of institutionalizing new assisted reproductive technologies includes regulatory agencies, ethical committees, political bodies and discourses, scientific communities, patient and activists groups, and entrepreneurial activities in the existing clinics and new entrants to the industry. It draws on new theoretical developments in institutional theory and outlines how health innovations are always embedded in social relations including ethical, political, and financial concerns. This book will be of interest to advanced students and academics in health management, science and technology studies, the sociology of health and illness and organisational theory.
Institutionalizing Intersectionality
by Judith Squires Andrea Krizsan Hege SkjeieAn exploration of the ways that multiple inequalities are being addressed in Europe. Using country-based and region-specific case studies it provides an innovative comparative analysis of the multidimensional equality regimes that are emerging in Europe, and reveals the potential that these have for institutionalizing intersectionality.
Institutionelle und professionsbezogene Zugänge zum Kinderschutz: Prävention – Kinderschutz – Kinderrechte (Edition Centaurus - Perspektiven Sozialer Arbeit in Theorie und Praxis)
by Elke Schierer Annette Rabe Birgit GronerDas Thema Kinderschutz wird in diesem Band multiperspektivisch auf Ebene der Prävention, des Kinderschutzes per se und der Kinderrechte betrachtet und diskutiert. Hierbei spielen institutionelle und professionsbezogene Zugänge und Entwicklungen eine wesentliche Rolle. Das Aufwachsen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der heutigen Gesellschaft geschieht in einer Spätmoderne, die gekennzeichnet ist von gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen in verschiedenen Bereichen. Die Veränderungen in den Teilsystemen, zu denen Kinder und Jugendliche gehören wie Familien und Institutionen des öffentlichen Lebens, sind interdependent mit anderen Teilsystemen. Die Subjektorientierung und Anerkennung von Kinderrechten darf nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass diese Verschränkung der geteilten Verantwortung im Kontext der Transformationsprozesse ein gelingendes Aufwachsen nicht an allen Orten und für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen ermöglicht. Die Beiträge des Bandes beziehen sich auf diese Prozesse und versuchen, dem Thema Kinderschutz in der Gesamtheit gerecht zu werden.
Institutionen und politische Ökonomie: Spielregeln und ökonomische Entwicklung (essentials)
by Pablo PeyrolónPablo Peyrolón gibt eine kurze Einführung in die Institutionsökonomie. Die Institutionen sind die Spielregeln der Gesellschaft, der Wirtschaft und der Politik, deren Dynamik der Autor hier darlegt. Das Verständnis der institutionellen Evolution ermöglicht auch eine Analyse der Formung der Wirtschaftspolitik und des ökonomischen Wandels sowie des Zusammenhangs mit dem digitalen Wandel.
Institutions Count
by Alejandro Portes Lori D. SmithWhat leads to national progress? The growing consensus in the social sciences is that neither capital flows, nor the savings rate, nor diffuse values are the key, but that it lies in the quality of a nation's institutions. This book is the first comparative study of how real institutions affect national development. It seeks to examine and deepen this insight through a systematic study of institutions in five Latin American countries and how they differ within and across nations. Postal systems, stock exchanges, public health services and others were included in the sample, all studied with the same methodology. The country chapters present detailed results of this empirical exercise for each individual country. The introductory chapters present the theoretical framework and research methodology for the full study. The summary results of this ambitious study presented in the concluding chapter draw comparisons across countries and discuss what these results mean for national development in Latin America.