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Intellectual Property and Information Control: Philosophic Foundations and Contemporary Issues
by Adam MooreComputer technology and the proliferation of digital networks have radically altered how ideas and information are gathered and manipulated and generated new conflicts between public use and private rights. These conflicts raise serious problems: Are abstract ideas and information proper subjects of ownership? What role should privacy rights play? How does the violation of intellectual property rights compare morally to the violation of physical property rights? Now available in paperback, Intellectual Property and Information Control provides answers and strategies for dealing with these and other questions while mounting a philosophical defense of rights to intellectual and intangible property.As the book shows, a policy that allows too much access may stymie innovation and cause individuals to isolate themselves. At the other extreme, huge, multinational corporations may hold as intangible property vast amounts of knowledge, including sensitive personal information. Through discussions of patent law, fair use, and practical problems such as privacy in the workplace, Moore demonstrates that intellectual and intangible property rights exist along with privacy rights. The latter will sometimes constrain what can be done with the former.
Intellectual Property and Open Source: A Practical Guide to Protecting Code
by Van Lindberg"Clear, correct, and deep, this is a welcome addition to discussions of law and computing for anyone -- even lawyers!"-- Lawrence Lessig, Professor of Law at Stanford Law School and founder of the Stanford Center for Internet and SocietyIf you work in information technology, intellectual property is central to your job -- but dealing with the complexities of the legal system can be mind-boggling. This book is for anyone who wants to understand how the legal system deals with intellectual property rights for code and other content. You'll get a clear look at intellectual property issues from a developer's point of view, including practical advice about situations you're likely to encounter.Written by an intellectual property attorney who is also a programmer, Intellectual Property and Open Source helps you understand patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and licenses, with special focus on the issues surrounding open source development and the GPL. This book answers questions such as:How do open source and intellectual property work together?What are the most important intellectual property-related issues when starting a business or open source project?How should you handle copyright, licensing and other issues when accepting a patch from another developer?How can you pursue your own ideas while working for someone else?What parts of a patent should be reviewed to see if it applies to your work?When is your idea a trade secret?How can you reverse engineer a product without getting into trouble?What should you think about when choosing an open source license for your project?Most legal sources are too scattered, too arcane, and too hard to read. Intellectual Property and Open Source is a friendly, easy-to-follow overview of the law that programmers, system administrators, graphic designers, and many others will find essential.
Intellectual Resistance and the Struggle for Palestine
by M. AbrahamBy positioning the late Edward Said's political interventions as a public intellectual on behalf of Palestinian populations living under Israeli occupation as a form of intellectual resistance, Abraham moves to consider forms of physical resistance, seeking to better understand the motivations of those who choose to turn their bodies into weapons.
Intellectual Teamwork: Social and Technological Foundations of Cooperative Work
by Robert E. Kraut Jolene Galegher Carmen EgidoThis book seeks to establish an interdisciplinary, applied social scientific model for researchers and students that advocates a cooperative effort between machines and people. After showing that basic research on social processes offers much needed guidance for those creating technology and designing tools for group work, its papers demonstrate the mutual relevance of social science and information system design, and encourage better integration of these disciplines. This comprehensive collection closely examines the variety of electronic tools being deployed to solve traditional problems in communication and coordination. Unfortunately, research shows that these tools have not been as successful as their designers had envisioned, partially because they were not always produced with the needs and goals of their human users in mind. The editors' goal is to entice more social scientists to orient their research around questions of practical interest to information system designers and to convince designers to search for the knowledge about social and organizational behavior that would make their tools more useful.
Intellectual Virtues and Education: Essays in Applied Virtue Epistemology (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy)
by Jason BaehrWith its focus on intellectual virtues and their role in the acquisition and transmission of knowledge and related epistemic goods, virtue epistemology provides a rich set of tools for educational theory and practice. In particular, characteristics under the rubric of "responsibilist" virtue epistemology, like curiosity, open-mindedness, attentiveness, intellectual courage, and intellectual tenacity, can help educators and students define and attain certain worthy but nebulous educational goals like a love of learning, lifelong learning, and critical thinking. This volume is devoted to exploring the intersection between virtue epistemology and education. It assembles leading virtue epistemologists and philosophers of education to address such questions as: Which virtues are most essential to education? How exactly should these virtues be understood? How is the goal of intellectual character growth related to other educational goals, for example, to critical thinking and knowledge-acquisition? What are the "best practices" for achieving this goal? Can growth in intellectual virtues be measured? The chapters are a prime example of "applied epistemology" and promise to be a seminal contribution to an area of research that is rapidly gaining attention within epistemology and beyond.
Intellectual Work and the Spirit of Capitalism
by Thomas KempleThis book treats three lectures that Weber gave in the last decade of his career as a podium or prism from which to approach his best-known treatises and essays on the rise of occidental capitalism. His remarks on 'Technology and Culture' (1910) and his famous 'Science as a Vocation' (1917) and 'Politics as a Vocation' (1919 lectures) offer a standpoint for assessing the contemporary relevance of Weber''s notion of ''interpretive understanding'', including the place of ideal types and value-judgments in sociology, as well as the use of rhetorical techniques and literary methods in scholarly discourse more generally. These public moments invite us to consider how both his most celebrated and least known arguments about the origins of the ''spirit'' of modern capitalism and the fateful force of bureaucracy continue to raise questions about the prospect and promise of intellectual work that still concern us today.
Intellectuals and Politics (Routledge Revivals #Vol. 9)
by Robert BrymThis essay, first published in 1980, analyses the relationship between intellectuals’ social locations and their political orientations. Dr Brym provides a critical discussion of the various sociological views of intellectuals and specifies some of the social conditions which encourage intellectuals to follow various directions on the political compass. He also demonstrates that intellectuals are neither socially rootless nor tied to one particular class or group within society, concluding that it is only by an analysis of intellectuals’ mobility patterns that we can hope to arrive at an adequate understanding of their politics. Clearly written, and assuming only a basic grounding in sociological theory, this book will thus be of special interest to students of political sociology, social movements, the sociology of knowledge, the sociology of culture and the sociology of intellectuals.
Intellectuals and Society
by Thomas SowellHow intellectuals as a class affect modern societies by shaping the climate of opinion in which official policies develop--on issues ranging from economics to law to war and peace
Intelligence - Theories and Applications
by Michael Wink Joachim Funke Rainer M. Holm-HadullaIntelligence allows people to understand events and to shape their surrounding environment. This book delves deeper into the theories and applications of intelligence, showing it is a multifaceted concept —defined and explained differently by prestigious experts of various disciplines in their own research. The book provides interdisciplinary connections of intelligence as it relates to a variety of clearly outlined subject areas, and should lead to a deep understanding of the phenomenon as it pertains to practical applications in different domains. Contributors in this volume present results from evolutionary biology, mathematics, artificial intelligence, medicine, psychology, cultural studies, economy, political sciences and philosophy. Individual scientific models are integrated in an interdisciplinary concept of wisdom. This volume will help enhance the common understanding of intelligence for fellow researchers and scientists alike.
Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe intelligence community (IC) plays an essential role in the national security of the United States. Decision makers rely on IC analyses and predictions to reduce uncertainty and to provide warnings about everything from international diplomatic relations to overseas conflicts. In today's complex and rapidly changing world, it is more important than ever that analytic products be accurate and timely. Recognizing that need, the IC has been actively seeking ways to improve its performance and expand its capabilities. In 2008, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to synthesize and assess evidence from the behavioral and social sciences relevant to analytic methods and their potential application for the U.S. intelligence community. In Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences, the NRC offers the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) recommendations to address many of the IC's challenges. Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow asserts that one of the most important things that the IC can learn from the behavioral and social sciences is how to characterize and evaluate its analytic assumptions, methods, technologies, and management practices. Behavioral and social scientific knowledge can help the IC to understand and improve all phases of the analytic cycle: how to recruit, select, train, and motivate analysts; how to master and deploy the most suitable analytic methods; how to organize the day-to-day work of analysts, as individuals and teams; and how to communicate with its customers. The report makes five broad recommendations which offer practical ways to apply the behavioral and social sciences, which will bring the IC substantial immediate and longer-term benefits with modest costs and minimal disruption.
Intelligence Analysis: Behavioral and Social Scientific Foundations
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe U.S. intelligence community (IC) is a complex human enterprise whose success depends on how well the people in it perform their work. Although often aided by sophisticated technologies, these people ultimately rely on their own intellect to identify, synthesize, and communicate the information on which the nation's security depends. The IC's success depends on having trained, motivated, and thoughtful people working within organizations able to understand, value, and coordinate their capabilities. Intelligence Analysis provides up-to-date scientific guidance for the intelligence community (IC) so that it might improve individual and group judgments, communication between analysts, and analytic processes. The papers in this volume provide the detailed evidentiary base for the National Research Council's report, Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences. The opening chapter focuses on the structure, missions, operations, and characteristics of the IC while the following 12 papers provide in-depth reviews of key topics in three areas: analytic methods, analysts, and organizations. Informed by the IC's unique missions and constraints, each paper documents the latest advancements of the relevant science and is a stand-alone resource for the IC's leadership and workforce. The collection allows readers to focus on one area of interest (analytic methods, analysts, or organizations) or even one particular aspect of a category. As a collection, the volume provides a broad perspective of the issues involved in making difficult decisions, which is at the heart of intelligence analysis.
Intelligence Measurement and School Performance in Latin America: A Report of the Study of Latin American Intelligence Project
by Carmen Flores-Mendoza Rubén Ardila Ricardo Rosas María Emilia Lucio Miguel Gallegos Norma Reátegui ColaretaThis book presents the results of the most complete and updated assessment of cognitive resources of students in Latin America: the Study of Latin American Intelligence (SLATINT). During four years, top researchers of the region used a standardized set of cognitive measures to assess 4,000 students aged between 14 and 15 years from six countries: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Colombia and Peru. The data collected and now analyzed in this volume is a first step to understand the human cognitive capital of the region, a crucial resource for any country today. Intelligence research has shown that the cognitive skills of a population are strongly associated with the school performance of its students and the development of a nation. This makes Intelligence Measurement and School Performance in Latin America a valuable tool both for Latin American researchers and authorities engaged in the improvement of each country’s human resources and for psychologists, educators and other social scientists dedicated to the study of the impact of intelligence in the development of nations.
Intelligence and Abilities
by Colin CooperResearch into abilities is one of the great success stories of psychology. Ability tests are widely used and there is continued interest in the origins of abilites (enes or environment?) and their links to social phenomena such as crime and welfare dependecy. Intelligence and Abilities explains what is known about the processes associated with mental abilities and the relationship of abilities to behaviour. It also provides a clear and up-to-date guide to the main areas of research.
Intelligence and Cultural Environment (Psychology Revivals)
by Philip E. VernonOriginally published in 1969, Intelligence and Cultural Environment looks at the concept of intelligence and the factors influencing the mental development of children, including health and nutrition, as well as child-rearing practices. It goes on to discuss the application of intelligence tests in non-Western countries and includes both British and cross-cultural studies to illustrate this. Inevitably a product of the time in which it was written, this book nonetheless makes a valuable contribution to intelligence theory as we know it today.
Intelligence in Context: The Cultural and Historical Foundations of Human Intelligence
by Robert J. Sternberg David D. PreissThis book reflects on the various ways in which intelligence can manifest itself in the wide range of diverse contexts in which people live. Intelligence is often viewed as being tantamount to a score or set of scores on a decontextualized standardized intelligence test. But intelligence always acts within a sociocultural context. Indeed, early theorists defined intelligence in terms of adaptation to the environment in which one lives. The tradition of decontextualization is old, dating back to the very beginning of the 20th century with the development of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scales. This tradition is not only old, however, but obsolete. Because people live in different sociocultural as well as physical environments, intelligence can take somewhat different forms in different places and even at different times. The chapters in this edited volume show that intelligence viewed in the abstract is a somewhat vacuous concept - it needs to be contextualized in terms of people’s physical and sociocultural surroundings.
Intelligence, Destiny and Education: The Ideological Roots of Intelligence Testing
by John WhiteThe nature of intelligence and how it can be measured has occupied psychologists, educationalists, biologists and philosophers for hundreds of years. However, there has been little investigation into the rise of the traditional dominant educational ideology that intelligence and IQ have innate limits and are unchanging and unchangeable. This book traces the roots of this mind set back to early puritan communities on both sides of the Atlantic, drawing parallels between puritan dogma and the development of the traditional curricula and selection processes that are still firmly embedded in school practice today. Drawing on the work of Galton, Pearson, Burt, Goddard, Terman and others in his search for the truth about intelligence testing, John White looks at the personal histories and socialised religious backgrounds of these key psychologists and casts an entirely new light on schooling in Britain and the USA in modern times. This work also shows how we can transcend this heritage and base our educational system on values and practices more in tune with the twenty-first century.
Intelligence, Sapience and Learning: Concepts, Framings and Practices (Routledge International Studies in the Philosophy of Education)
by David Scott Sandra Leaton GrayExamining the idea of intelligence in its diverse sociological and philosophical formations, Intelligence, Sapience and Learning explores the multiple and often complex meanings associated with the concept of intelligence, and its relationships with learning, curriculum and sapience. Scott and Leaton Gray explain a series of key concepts central to understanding the meta-concepts and practices of intelligence, learning and curriculum. These concepts include epistemology, free will and volition, hermeneutics, pragmatism, strong normative evaluations and pedagogy, amongst others. Focusing on six praxes that form a genealogy of the concept of intelligence, Scott and Leaton Gray argue for a re-framing of the concept and practice of intelligence, with profound consequences for how modern societies should be organised and how people should live their lives. This book is a follow-up to Women Curriculum Theorists: Power, Knowledge and Subjectivity, and takes a fresh look at the concept and practice of intelligence. It will appeal to curriculum theorists and those with an interest in curriculum and learning matters, as well as those working in the philosophy and sociology of education.
Intelligent Adaptive Systems: An Interaction-Centered Design Perspective
by Catherine Burns Simon Banbury Ming HouAs ubiquitous as the atmosphere, intelligent adaptive systems (IASs) surround us in our daily lives. When designed well, these systems sense users and their environments so that they can provide support in a manner that is not only responsive to the evolving situation, but unnoticed by the user. A synthesis of recent research and developments on IASs from the human factors (HF) and human–computer interaction (HCI) domains, Intelligent Adaptive Systems: An Interaction-Centered Design Perspective provides integrated design guidance and recommendations for researchers and system developers. The book explores a recognized lack of integration between the HF and HCI research communities, which has led to inconsistencies between the research approaches adopted, and a lack of exploitation of research from one field by the other. The authors integrate theories and methodologies from these domains to provide design recommendations for human–machine developers. They then establish design guidance through the review of conceptual frameworks, analytical methodologies, and design processes for intelligent adaptive systems. The book draws on case studies from the military, medical, and distance learning domains to illustrate intelligent system design to examine lessons learned.Outlining an interaction-centered perspective for designing an IAS, the book details methodologies for understanding human work in complex environments and offers understanding about why and how optimizing human–machine interaction should be central to the design of IASs. The authors present an analytical and design methodology as well as an implementation strategy that helps you choose the proper design framework for your needs.
Intelligent Automation in Digital Transformation Strategy: Building IA Programs in the Agentic AI Era
by Jonathan HardyHarness the full potential of Intelligent Automation (IA) to transform your businesses, stay competitive, and navigate the complexities of today&’s digital landscape. This book is a comprehensive guide for business leaders, executives, and automation professionals, exploring how Intelligent Automation (IA) has evolved from traditional Robotic Process Automation (RPA) to become a powerful catalyst in Digital Transformation. Begin with the fundamentals of IA and its progression from simple, rule-based RPA to advanced IA, incorporating AI-driven technologies like Machine Learning, Generative AI, and Agentic AI. These emerging technologies empower organizations to tackle more complex processes, enabling intelligent decision-making and enhanced customer interactions prompting the necessity for robust governance and alignment with broader business objectives, which is a primary focus of this book. To combat that, you&’ll review actionable frameworks and governance models designed to support the development and sustainability of IA programs at scale. The book provides a structured roadmap to establish an IA Center of Excellence (CoE), ensuring that automation efforts align with the organization&’s Digital Transformation goals. By integrating governance processes, risk management, and best practices, you&’ll be able to build IA initiatives that are resilient, compliant, and strategically impactful. Intelligent Automation for Digital Transformation demystifies the journey to becoming a digitally native organization. Who This Book is For Leaders responsible for shaping their organization&’s long-term strategy, digital innovation, and business process efficiency agenda. Executives in the financial services, healthcare, and other highly regulated industries where a risk management mindset and proper governance framework is key. Consultants and advisors within the business transformation and automation space who are ena-bling companies in their journey to become digitally native.
Intelligent City Evaluation System (Strategic Research on Construction and Promotion of China's Intelligent Cities)
by Zhiqiang WuThis book assesses various intelligent-city evaluation systems around the globe, and subsequently combines that assessment with local-government and enterprise practices to create an evaluation index system for quantifying the Intelligent City concept. In addition, the book provides the results of the CityIQ indicator ranking of intelligent cities in China and worldwide, a system that focuses on three of the most crucial aspects of urban development: the development environment, future trends, and construction and operation. After data sorting, calculation and dimensionless treatment, a score system ranging from 0 to 100 is created for ranking and analyzing cities. Providing unique strategies for promoting an intelligent city evaluation system, the book offers a valuable reference guide for intelligent-city decision-makers, as well as leaders in public urban economy, social welfare and environmental authorities.
Intelligent Computer Mathematics: 13th International Conference, CICM 2020, Bertinoro, Italy, July 26–31, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12236)
by Bruce Miller Christoph BenzmüllerThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, CICM 2020, held in Bertinoro, Italy, in July 2020*.The 15 full papers, 1 invited paper and 2 abstracts of invited papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 35 submissions. The papers focus on advances in automated theorem provers and formalization, computer algebra systems and their libraries, and applications of machine learning, among other topics. * The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Intelligent Computing Methodologies: 16th International Conference, ICIC 2020, Bari, Italy, October 2–5, 2020, Proceedings, Part III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12465)
by Prashan Premaratne De-Shuang HuangThis two-volume set of LNCS 12463 and LNCS 12464 constitutes - in conjunction with the volume LNAI 12465 - the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2020, held in Bari, Italy, in October 2020. The 162 full papers of the three proceedings volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 457 submissions. The ICIC theme unifies the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. The theme for this conference is “Advanced Intelligent Computing Methodologies and Applications.” Papers related to this theme are especially solicited, addressing theories, methodologies, and applications in science and technology.
Intelligent Computing Theories and Application: 16th International Conference, ICIC 2020, Bari, Italy, October 2–5, 2020, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12463)
by De-Shuang Huang Abir Hussain Vitoantonio BevilacquaThis two-volume set of LNCS 12463 and LNCS 12464 constitutes - in conjunction with the volume LNAI 12465 - the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2020, held in Bari, Italy, in October 2020. The 162 full papers of the three proceedings volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 457 submissions. The ICIC theme unifies the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. The theme for this conference is “Advanced Intelligent Computing Methodologies and Applications.” Papers related to this theme are especially solicited, addressing theories, methodologies, and applications in science and technology.
Intelligent Computing Theories and Application: 16th International Conference, ICIC 2020, Bari, Italy, October 2–5, 2020, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12464)
by De-Shuang Huang Kang-Hyun JoThis two-volume set of LNCS 12463 and LNCS 12464 constitutes - in conjunction with the volume LNAI 12465 - the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2020, held in Bari, Italy, in October 2020. The 162 full papers of the three proceedings volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 457 submissions. The ICIC theme unifies the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. The theme for this conference is “Advanced Intelligent Computing Methodologies and Applications.” Papers related to this theme are especially solicited, addressing theories, methodologies, and applications in science and technology.
Intelligent Computing Theories and Application: 18th International Conference, ICIC 2022, Xi'an, China, August 7–11, 2022, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13393)
by Prashan Premaratne De-Shuang Huang Kang-Hyun Jo Abir Hussain Vitoantonio Bevilacqua Junfeng JingThis two-volume set of LNCS 13393 and LNCS 13394 constitutes - in conjunction with the volume LNAI 13395 - the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2022, held in Xi'an, China, in August 2022. The 209 full papers of the three proceedings volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 449 submissions.This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was “Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications”. Papers focused on this theme were solicited, addressing theories, methodologies, and applications in science and technology.