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Argentina Since the 2001 Crisis
by Cara Levey Daniel Ozarow Christopher WyldeThis timely and interdisciplinary volume analyzes the many impacts of and contrasting responses to the Argentine political, economic, and social crises of 2001-02. Chapters offer original theoretical models and examine the relationship between political, cultural, economic, and societal spheres.
The Argentine Silent Majority: Middle Classes, Politics, Violence, and Memory in the Seventies
by Sebastián CarassaiIn The Argentine Silent Majority, Sebastián Carassai focuses on middle-class culture and politics in Argentina from the end of the 1960s. By considering the memories and ideologies of middle-class Argentines who did not get involved in political struggles, he expands thinking about the era to the larger society that activists and direct victims of state terror were part of and claimed to represent. Carassai conducted interviews with 200 people, mostly middle-class non-activists, but also journalists, politicians, scholars, and artists who were politically active during the 1970s. To account for local differences, he interviewed people from three sites: Buenos Aires; Tucumán, a provincial capital rocked by political turbulence; and Correa, a small town which did not experience great upheaval. He showed the middle-class non-activists a documentary featuring images and audio of popular culture and events from the 1970s. In the end Carassai concludes that, during the years of la violencia, members of the middle-class silent majority at times found themselves in agreement with radical sectors as they too opposed military authoritarianism but they never embraced a revolutionary program such as that put forward by the guerrilla groups or the most militant sectors of the labor movement.
Arguing A.I.: The Battle for Twenty-first Century Science
by Sam WilliamsFew scientific topics since the theory of biological evolution have inspired as much controversy as artificial intelligence has. Even now, fifty years after the term first made its appearance in academic journals, many philosophers and more than a few prominent scientists and software programmers dismiss the pursuit of thinking machines as the modern-day equivalent of medieval alchemists' hunt for the philosopher's stone--a pursuit based more on faith than on skeptical inquiry. In Arguing A.I., journalist Sam Williams charts both the history of artificial intelligence from its scientific and philosophical roots and the history of the A.I. debate. He examines how and why the tenor of the debate has changed over the last half-decade in particular, as scientists are struggling to take into account the latest breakthroughs in computer science, information technology, and human biology. For every voice predicting machines like 2001's HAL within the next twenty to thirty years, others have emerged with more pessimistic forecasts. From artificial intelligence's pioneers John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, to futurist authors Ray Kurzweil and Hans Moravec, to software architects Bill Joy and Jaron Lanier,Arguing A. I. introduces readers to the people participating in the current debate, both proponents and critics of A.I. who are changing the way computers "think" and the way we think about computers. Ultimately, Arguing A.I. is as much a history of thought as it is a history of science. Williams notes that many of the questions plaguing modern scientists and software programmers are the same questions that have concerned scientists and philosophers since time immemorial: What are the fundamental limitations of science and scientific inquiry? What is the nature of intelligence? And, most important, what does it really mean to be human?
Arguing, Obeying and Defying: A Rhetorical Perspective on Stanley Milgram's Obedience Experiments
by Stephen GibsonStanley Milgram's obedience experiments are among the most influential and controversial scientific studies ever conducted. The experiments are commonly understood to have shown how easily people can be led into harming another person, simply as a result of following orders. Recently, however, Milgram's studies have been subjected to a sustained critique and re-evaluation. This book draws on the vast stock of audio recordings from Milgram's experiments to reveal how these experiments can be understood as occasions for argumentation and rhetoric, rather than showing how passive subjects can be led into simply doing as they are told. In doing so, it reconsiders what we understand by 'obedience' and extends how social psychologists have understood rhetoric itself.
Argument for Action: Ethics and Professional Conduct (Routledge Revivals)
by John LawrenceFirst published in 1999. This book will help professions and professionals to identify their contribution to society and to understand the argument in which they must engage if they are to justify their conduct. Because of their specialized expertise and power, the task is both difficult and pressing. The work is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses the concepts ‘ethics’ and ‘professional conduct’, indicating their dimensions and contested nature. In each case, following examination and analysis of relevant literature, a conceptual framework or model is proposed for locating instances of, in turn, ethics and professional conduct. In part 2, the model of ethical choice is used to discuss the ethical justification of professional conduct in the various forms, locations, and stages provided by its social setting. In this way, it provides grounding arguments for relevant action by professionals and others dealing with professionals. The book concludes with a proposal for a national standing commission on the professions.
Arguments, Aggression, and Conflict: New Directions in Theory and Research
by Theodore A. AvtgisArguments, Aggression, and Conflict provides a thorough examination of argumentative and aggressive communication. Editors Theodore A. Avtgis and Andrew S. Rancer bring together a score of prolific and informed authors to discuss aspects of the conceptualization and measurement of aggressive communication. The book features an exclusive focus on two "aggressive communication" traits: argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness, one of the most dominant areas of communication research over the last twenty five years both nationally and internationally. The chapters include cutting-edge issues in the field and present new ideas for future research. This book is a valuable resource for instructors, researchers, scholars, theorists, and graduate students in communication studies and social psychology. Covering a variety of topics, from the broad-based (e.g. new directions in aggressive communication in the organizational context) to the more specific (e.g. verbal aggression in sports), this text presents a comprehensive compilation of essays on aggressive communication and conflict.
The Arid Zones
by Hilton KramerThe hot and temperate deserts and their marginal steppe lands comprise one-third of the land surface of the world and are an increasingly critical area for the economic wellbeing of world populations. The remarkable mechanisms of floral, faunal, and human adaptation to the distinct and difficult environment of these arid zones, as well as the potential of modern technology for facilitating adaptation, are described and explained by Walton in the light of our most recent knowledge of the phenomena and processes involved.Beginning with a clarification of the definitions of arid and semi-arid regions and with the delineation of techniques for measuring the degree of aridity in these areas, the author shows that there is wide variation among the arid zones in landscape and climate and that there are numerous local and microclimates within any single arid region. The life cycles of the plants and animals of the arid zones are described and the water resources, including problems of salinity, mineral contamination, and the construction of reservoirs, are examined. Extensive treatment is given to potential agricultural adaptations and to pastoralism as the most widespread response to dry land. A final chapter summarizes attempts at adaptation to prevailing drought and discusses the kinds of future development that the author deems most likely in arid zones.Throughout the book emphasis is placed on specific, detailed analysis, with adequate tables and formulas for in-depth understanding of particular aspects of aridity. Examples from both Old and New Worlds are used to demonstrate the spheres in which progress is being made and to show the mistakes in past and present land use in arid areas. An essential supplement for courses in physical geography, the book will be useful in many area studies and in studies of economic development.
Aristocracy of Everyone
by Benjamin BarberIn this brilliant, controversial, and profoundly original book, Benjamin R. Barber fundamentally alters the terms of the current debate over the value of opportunity in American education, politics, and culture.Barber argues that the fashionable rallying cries of cultural literacy and political correctness completely miss the point of what is wrong with our society. While we fret about "the closing of the American mind" we utterly ignore the closing of American schools. While we worry about Japanese technology, we fail to tap the more fundamental ideological resources on which our country was founded. As Barber argues, the future of America lies not in competition but in education. Education in America can and must embrace both democracy and excellence.Barber demonstrates persuasively that our national story has always comprised an intermingling of diverse, contradictory, often subversive voices. Multiculturalism has, from the very start, defined America. From his gripping portrait of America poised on the brink of unprecedented change, Barber offers a daringly original program for effecting change: for teaching democracy depends not only on the preeminence of education but on a resurgence of true community service.A ringing challenge to the complacency, cynicism, and muddled thinking of our time that will change the way you feel about being an American citizen.
Aristotelian Character Education (Routledge Research in Education)
by Kristján KristjánssonThis book provides a reconstruction of Aristotelian character education, shedding new light on what moral character really is, and how it can be highlighted, measured, nurtured and taught in current schooling. Arguing that many recent approaches to character education understand character in exclusively amoral, instrumentalist terms, Kristjánsson proposes a coherent, plausible and up-to-date concept, retaining the overall structure of Aristotelian character education.After discussing and debunking popular myths about Aristotelian character education, subsequent chapters focus on the practical ramifications and methodologies of character education. These include measuring virtue and morality, asking whether Aristotelian character education can salvage the effects of bad upbringing, and considering implications for teacher training and classroom practice. The book rejuvenates time-honoured principles of the development of virtues in young people, at a time when ‘character’ features prominently in educational agendas and parental concerns over school education systems.Offering an interdisciplinary perspective which draws from the disciplines of education, psychology, philosophy and sociology, this book will appeal to researchers, academics and students wanting a greater insight into character education.
Aristotle Dictionary
by Thomas KiernanAt long last a comprehensive tool in English for a better understanding of the most basic terms in Aristotle's philosophy. Interested readers, students and scholars of philosophy and of the general intellectual background of Western culture need no longer be handicapped by a lack of knowledge of Greek and Latin. A careful comparison of the original Greek, Medieval and Renaissance Latin translations and a reappraisal of English usage make this work a definitive source for the precise grasp of what has been the historical Aristotle as far as the documents permit one to judge. A lengthy introduction by Professor Theodore E. James presents an analysis of the major works of Aristotle.
Aristotle Dictionary
by Thomas KiernanAt long last, a comprehensive tool in English for a better understanding of the most basic terms in Aristotle&’s philosophy. Interested readers, students, and scholars of philosophy and of the general intellectual background of Western culture need no longer be handicapped by a lack of knowledge of Greek and Latin. A careful comparison of the original Greek, Medieval, and Renaissance Latin translations and a reappraisal of English usage make Aristotle Dictionary a definitive source for the precise grasp of what has been the historical Aristotle as far as the documents permit one to judge. A lengthy introduction by Professor Theodore E. James presents an analysis of the major works of Aristotle.
Aristotle on Religion
by Mor SegevAristotle is a severe critic of traditional religion, believing it to be false, yet he also holds that traditional religion and its institutions are necessary if any city, including the ideal city he describes in the Politics, is to exist and flourish. This book provides, for the first time, a coherent account of the socio-political role which Aristotle attributes to traditional religion despite his rejection of its content. Mor Segev argues that Aristotle thinks traditional religion is politically necessary because it prepares the ground for what he considers the pinnacle of human endeavor: attaining the knowledge of first philosophy, whose objects are real beings worthy of being called gods. Developing this interpretation, Segev goes on to analyze Aristotle's references to the myths of traditional Greek religion, and to assess his influence on medieval Jewish and Christian theology and philosophy of religion.
Ark Encounter: The Making of a Creationist Theme Park (Early American Places)
by James S Bielo&“A story of many fascinating encounters between fundamentalism, creationism, biblical consumerism, and religious entertainment.&” —Timothy Beal, author of The Rise and Fall of the Bible Opened to the public in July 2016, Ark Encounter is a creationist theme park in Kentucky. The park features an all-timber re-creation of Noah&’s ark, built full scale to creationist specifications drawn from the text of Genesis, as well as exhibits that imagine the Bible&’s account of life before the flood. More than merely religious spectacle, Ark Encounter offers important insights about the relationship between religion and entertainment, religious publicity and creativity, and fundamentalist Christian claims to the public sphere. James S. Bielo examines these themes, drawing on his unprecedented behind-the-scenes access to the Ark Encounter creative team during the initial design of the park. This unique anthropological perspective shows creationists outside church contexts, and reveals their extraordinary effort to materialize a controversial worldview for the general public. Taking readers from inside the park&’s planning rooms to other fundamentalist projects and diverse Christian tourist attractions, Bielo illuminates how creationist cultural producers seek to reach both their constituents and the larger culture. The &“making of&” this creationist theme park, Bielo argues, allows us to understand how fundamentalist culture is produced, and how entertainment and creative labor are used to legitimize creationism. Through intriguing and surprising observations, Ark Encounter challenges readers to engage with the power of entertainment and to seriously grapple with creationist ambitions for authority. For believers and non-believers alike, this book is an invaluable glimpse into the complicated web of religious entertainment and cultural production.
Armageddon or Evolution?: The Scientific Method and Escalating World Problems
by Bernard S PhillipsWe are currently experiencing a wide range of evolving problems that threaten us with extinction. However, Phillips argues that we have the capacity-with the aid of a broad approach to the scientific method that builds on Mills's concept of "the sociological imagination"-to confront these problems ever more effectively. This book develops and builds upon new methods for addressing such social problems as global warming, terrorism, growing inequalities, and others. Phillips reveals procedures for achieving conscious evolution by uncovering fundamental assumptions and their contradictions and by moving toward alternative assumptions that promise to resolve these contradictions.
Armed and Considered Dangerous: A Survey of Felons and Their Firearms (Social Institutions And Social Change Ser.)
by Peter H. RossiArmed and Considered Dangerous is a book about "bad guys" and their guns. But Wright and Rossi contend that for every suspected criminal who owns and abuses a firearm, a hundred or more average citizens own guns for sport, for recreation, for self-protection, and for other reasons generally regarded as appropriate or legitimate. Armed and Considered Dangerous is the most ambitious survey ever undertaken of criminal acquisition, possession, and use of guns.There are vast differences between the average gun owner and the average gun-abusing felon, but the analyses reported here do not suggest any obvious way to translate these differences into gun control policies. Most policy implications drawn from the book are negative in character: this will not work for this reason, that will not work for that reason, and so on. When experts are asked, "Okay, then what will work?" they usually fall back on the old warhorses of poverty, the drug problem, or the inadequate resources of the criminal justice system, and otherwise have little to say. This is not a failure of social science. It simply asks more of the data than the data were ever intended to provide.Several of Wright and Rossi's findings have become "coin of the realm" in the gun control debate, cited frequently by persons who have long since forgotten where the data came from or what their limitations are. Several other findings, including many that are important, have been largely ignored. Still other findings have been superseded by better and more recent data or rendered anachronistic by intervening events. With the inclusion of a new introduction detailing recent statistics and updated information this new edition of Armed and Considered Dangerous is a rich source of information for all interested in learning about weapon behavior and ownership in America.
Armenian-Americans: From Being to Feeling American
by Anny BakalianAssimilation has been a contentious issues for most immigrant groups in the United States. The host society is assumed to lire immigrants and their descendants away from their ancestral heritage. Yet, in their quest for a "better" life, few immigrants intentionally forsake heir ethnic identity; most try to hold onto their culture by transplanting their traditional institutions and recreating new communities in America. Armenian-Americans are no exception. Armenian-Americans have been generally overlooked by census enumerators, survey analysts, and social scientists because of their small numbers and relative dispersion throughout the United States. They remain a little-studied group that has been called a "hidden minority." Armenian Americans fills this significant gap. Based on the results of an extensive mail questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, and participant observation of communal gatherings, this book analyzed the individual and collective struggles of Armenian-Americans to perpetuate their Armenian legacy while actively seeking new pathways to the American Dream. This volume shows how men and women of Armenian descent become distanced from their ethnic origins with the passing of generations. Yet assimilation and maintenance of ethnic identity go hand-in-hand. The ascribed, unconscious, compulsive Armenianness of the immigrant generation is transformed into a voluntary, rational, situational Armenianness. The generational change is from being Armenian to feeling Armenian. The Armenian-American community has grown and prospered in this century. Greater tolerance of ethnic differences in the host society, the remarkable social mobility of many Armenian-Americans and the influx of large numbers of new immigrants from the Middle East and Soviet bloc in recent decades have contributed to this development. The future of this community, however, remains precarious as it strives to adjust to the ever changing social, economic, and political conditions affec
Armenian Civil Society: Old Problems, New Energy After Two Decades of Independence (Societies and Political Orders in Transition)
by Yevgenya Paturyan Valentina GevorgyanThis book analyzes Armenian civil society in the context of post-communist democratization. It explores persistent challenges to civic engagement under Armenia’s semi-authoritarian regime, and also highlights success stories of public mobilization and social impact. Drawing on a broad range of methods and empirical sources, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the re-emerging diversity of Armenian civil society: from formal organizations to spontaneous activism. It combines a country-level analysis of broad patterns in the country’s political culture with the life stories of individual agents of change, contrasting public apathy with young activists’ enthusiasm. By exploring mobilization strategies and narratives in Armenian civil society, the book provides valuable new insights into the roots of the mass public uprising in spring 2018.
Arms Control and Security: The Changing Role of Conventional Arms Control in Europe (Routledge Revivals Ser.)
by Kevin WrightThis title was first published in 2000: The aim of this text is to explore conventional arms control in Europe. The early chapters provide a primarily historical perspective, looking at the context, foundations, main provisions and institutional structure of the main agreements. The later chapters explore the continuing and likely future roles of the OSCE and NATO in the arms control process. The final chapters examine more contemporary developments by looking at the Adapted CFE Treaty and Vienna Documents agreed at the OSCE Istanbul Summit in November 1998 and the challenges posed to existing arrangements by the changing and emergent security threats that potentially face Europe.
Arms Diffusion: The Spread of Military Innovations in the International System (Issues in Globalization)
by THomas W. ZarzeckiWeapons proliferation is one of the most pressing global concerns following the end of the Cold War. Despite the absence of an overarching superpower conflict, armaments and related technologies have continued to spread throughout the international system. This has been particularly true in areas like East Asia and the Middle East, where the traditional two party arms races are not readily apparent. This text addresses these concerns and shortcomings using data on fourteen specific military technological innovations that diffused throughout the international system from 1960 to 1997.
Armut, Ausgrenzung und die Neugestaltung des Sozialen: Die Lebensmittelausgaben der ‚Tafeln‘ in Deutschland
by Holger SchonevilleDas Buch stellt eine empirische Analyse der subjektiven Bedeutung von Armut und sozialer Aus-grenzung innerhalb eines gewandelten sozialstaatlichen Arrangements dar. Es zeigt auf, dass von Armut betroffene Menschen ständig damit konfrontiert sind, dass sie von ihren eigenen Idealen, Wünschen und Überzeugungen abweichen und diese nicht realisieren können. Zugleich wird gezeigt, dass die Entstehung und Etablierung von Hilfsangeboten der ‚Tafel‘ auf die Existenz von Armut innerhalb der bundesrepublikanischen Gesellschaft verweist und ein Symbol der Transformation des Sozialstaats darstellt. Während die Nutzer*innen der ‚Tafeln‘ auf die Hilfen angewiesen sind, versetzen diese sie zugleich jedoch nicht in der Lage, die Armutssituation zu überwinden.
Armut im jungen Erwachsenenalter und der Wandel von Arbeitsmarkt, Wohlfahrtsstaat und Haushalten
by Sebastian LinkSebastian Link geht in diesem Buch der Frage nach, welche Auswirkungen mit dem Erwerbseinstiegsprozess verbundene Risiken (Arbeitslosigkeit, Niedriglohnbeschäftigung) und atypische Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Armutsbetroffenheit junger Erwachsener in Deutschland haben. Mithilfe von Quer- und Längsschnittanalysen auf Basis des Sozio-Oekonomischen Panels zeigt er, dass nicht in erster Linie das gehäufte Auftreten von Erwerbsrisiken und atypischer Beschäftigung zu einem Armutsanstieg bei jungen Erwachsenen geführt hat, sondern die Verstärkung ihrer negativen finanziellen Folgen. Diese Verstärkung steht in einem Zusammenhang mit dem abnehmenden Schutz junger Erwachsener vor Armut durch Wohlfahrtsstaat und Haushalte.
Armutsbekämpfung durch Entwicklungszusammenarbeit: Anspruch – Wirklichkeit – Perspektiven
by Frank BlissDieses Buch gibt eine Einführung in die Theorie und insbesondere die Praxis der entwicklungspolitischen Zusammenarbeit. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Armutsbekämpfung, d.h., das (häufig leider nur eingeschränkte) Bemühen von Regierungen der sogenannten Entwicklungsländer, die Massenarmut mit finanzieller und technischer Unterstützung vor allem der reichen Industrieländer zu reduzieren. Nach einer Problematisierung der zumeist unterschätzen Armutszahlen sowie Darlegung der Gründe für Armut und ihre Verstetigung erfolgt ein kurzer Überblick über die allgemeine Praxis der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (Akteure, Gelder, Verfahren). Zahlreiche Projektbeispiele zeigen bisherige erfolgreiche wie auch weniger erfolgreiche Lösungen sowie die notwendigen Reformen bei der Armutsbekämpfung.Es werden die wichtigsten Bereiche der Zusammenarbeit berücksichtigt: die „klassischen“ Sektoren, angefangen von Bildung und Gesundheitsversorgung über den Ressourcenschutz, die Landwirtschaft, die Beschäftigungsförderung und natürlich die ganz besonders wichtige Trinkwasserversorgung. Sehr praktische und einleuchtende Beispiele beziehen sich auch auf die Regierungsarbeit („gute Regierungsführung“) und die Infrastruktur, denn Korruption kann alle Entwicklung verhindern und ohne wenigstens eine Piste vom Dorf zum Markt kann selbst ein Kleinbauer in Afrika nichts auf dem Markt verkaufen. Eine Reihe von mit Fotos dokumentierten Fallstudien runden das Praxisbild ab.
Armutsgruppen: Die Ungleichheit der Armen in Deutschland (Sozialstrukturanalyse)
by Max KeckDieses Buch beschäftigt sich auf Grundlage einer Kritik der Forschungspraxis quantitativer Armutsforschung mit der Heterogenität der Armutspopulation in Deutschland. Dies geschieht entlang von Armutsgruppen im Zeitraum von 1984 bis 2018 und unter Verwendung des Sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP). Hierbei spielt eine kombinierte Analyse von Risikopositionen in der Erwerbsarbeit, in der sozialstaatlichen Umverteilung und in Haushalten eine Rolle. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit sind sowohl für die Armutsforschung als auch für die Sozialberichterstattung interessant. Das Buch bietet aber auch für Praktiker*innen in politischen Feldern spannende Erkenntnisse.
Army of Entrepreneurs: Creating an Engaged and Empowered Workforce for Exceptional Business Growth
by Jennifer ProsekProsek (founder and CEO of a public relations firm) shares her secrets to creating a successful business. Her main point is that each employee must feel like the owner of the business, thus creating motivation and a positive attitude. Part one of the text introduces and discusses Prosek's business model. Part two tackles the mechanics of implementing her strategies into one's own business, such as training for all employees, and the use of technology. Part three offers a conclusion and a chapter devoted to addressing naysayers. An appendix listing additional resources is included. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Army Spouses: Military Families during the Global War on Terror
by Morten G. EnderDistilled from nearly two hundred interviews, conducted from the 2003 invasion of Iraq on, Army Spouses marshals an incredible breadth of individual experiences, range of voices, insider access, and theoretical expertise to tell the story of US Army husbands and wives and their families during wartime in this century.Morten Ender offers the first contemporary study of the emotional cycle of deployment and its impact on military families in the post-9/11 world. Military spouses, as he shows, operate both near and far from the front lines, serving on the home front to support combat service in the so-called Global War on Terror that has intimately bound together soldiers, families, the military institution, the state, and society. He paints a vivid picture of army spouses’ range of responses to deployment separations that illuminates the deep sacrifices that soldiers, veterans, and their families have made over the past twenty years.