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Opening the Black Box: The Work of Watching (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Gavin J. SmithClosed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras are a prominent, if increasingly familiar, feature of urbanism. They symbolize the faith that spatial authorities place in technical interventions for the treatment of social problems. CCTV was principally introduced to sterilize municipalities, to govern conducts and to protect properties. Vast expenditure has been committed to these technologies without a clear sense of how precisely they influence things. CCTV cameras might appear inanimate, but Opening the Black Box shows them to be vital mediums within relational circulations of supervision. The book principally excavates the social relations entwining the everyday application of CCTV. It takes the reader on a journey from living beneath the camera, to working behind the lens. Attention focuses on the labour exerted by camera operators as they source and process distanced spectacles. These workers are paid to scan monitor screens in search of disorderly vistas, visualizing stimuli according to its perceived riskiness and/or allurement. But the projection of this gaze can draw an unsettling reflection. It can mean enduring behavioural extremities as an impotent witness. It can also entail making spontaneous decisions that determine the course of justice. Opening the Black Box, therefore, contemplates the seductive and traumatic dimensions of monitoring telemediated ‘riskscapes’ through the prism of camera circuitry. It probes the positioning of camera operators as ‘vicarious’ custodians of a precarious social order and engages their subjective experiences. It reveals the work of watching to be an ambiguous practice: as much about managing external disturbances on the street as managing internal disruptions in the self.
Opening up the Debate on the Aging Society: Preliminary Hypotheses for a Possible Mutational and Post-mutationary Society (International Perspectives on Aging #34)
by Alejandro KleinThis book documents, verifies and brings to life the issues and debates that are created around the aging society. It carefully offers a series of opinions that attempt to illuminate the fact that the aging society goes beyond aging and includes a series of changes in terms of family, social ties, relationships, and the way human beings perceive society. The book contributes substantially to the discussion of this new type of aging, the new types of families, and the new types of relationships, as well as in the application of cutting-edge analytical strategies to understand the trends and patterns of these new modes of social structures. The book includes detailed perspectives on how decisions need to be made, mindsets need to be changed, and precautions need to be taken to positively deal with these new realities. The evidence presented in this book suggests that if this does not happen, the danger of thanato-politics appears, which, denying reality, will lead humanity into difficult labyrinths, perhaps without any "Ariadne's thread" that will allow a glimpse of the way out. The translation from Spanish to English was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.
Openness in Practice: Understanding Attitudes to Open Government Data
by Dale Leorke Suneel JethaniThis book looks at open data practices historically and from the perspective of those currently involved in advocating for making government data freely available. Based on interviews with practitioners, users and evangelists across three Australian-based case studies illustrating contemporary open data practices, this book discusses how open data has evolved, why certain barriers to openness exist and what the future of open data might look like. It highlights both the challenges and approaches to ‘best practice’ in government departments and agencies as they adapt to changing data ecosystems and public expectations around access, transparency, risk and responsible stewardship.
Opera In The Flesh: Sexuality In Operatic Performance
by Sam AbelVerdi, Wagner, polymorphous perversion, Puccini, Brunnhilde, Pinkerton, and Parsifal all rub shoulders in this delightful, poetic, insightful, sexual book sprung by one man's physical response to the power and exaggeration we call opera. Sam Abel applies a light touch as he considers the topic of opera and the eroticized body: Why do audiences respond to opera in a visceral way? How does opera, like no other art form, physically move watchers? How and why does opera arouse feelings akin to sexual desire? Abel seeks the answers to these questions by examining homoerotic desire, the phenomenon of the castrati, operatic cross-dressing, and opera as presented through the media. In this deeply personal book, Abel writes, ‘These pages map my current struggles to pin down my passion for opera, my intense admiration for its aesthetic forms and beauties, but much more they express my astonishment at how opera makes me lose myself, how it consumes me.’ In so doing, Abel uncovers what until now, through dry musicology and gossipy history, has been left behind a wall of silence: the physical and erotic nature of opera. Although Abel can speak with certainty only about his own response to opera, he provides readers with a language and a resonance with which to understand their own experiences. Ultimately, Opera in the Flesh celebrates the power of opera to move audiences as no other book has done. It is indeed a treasure of scholarship, passion, and poetry for everyone with even a passing interest in this fascinating art form.
Operating Under High-Risk Conditions in Temporary Organizations: A Sociotechnical Systems Perspective (Routledge Advances in Management and Business Studies)
by Matthijs MoorkampOrganizations increasingly use temporary designs. Many temporary organizations are assembled by "mixing and matching" building blocks from static, bureaucratic, parent organizations into a temporary configuration. At the same time, such "mixed and matched" temporary organizations often operate under difficult and dangerous circumstances. During operations, these temporary organizations can experience numerous internal problems: ranging from friendly fire in a military context to budget and time issues in construction projects and problematic coordination in a crisis management context. This book develops insight into the relationship between a "mixing and matching" temporary design strategy and operational problems. To so do, military and crisis management contexts are systematically studied from a sociotechnical design perspective that emphasizes self-organization to develop organizational controllability. Operating Under High-Risk Conditions in Temporary Organizations demonstrates that a "mixing and matching" design strategy can be related to system failure. Furthermore, it is shown that a process of self-design emerged in which operators attempted to create ad-hoc networks for meaningful, safe and controllable operations. The analyses result in a model that shows mechanisms between characteristics of organizational design and controllability of operations. Not only does this model have relevance to the military and crisis management contexts, relevance is also demonstrated for a broader family of temporary organizations and application of sociotechnical network design theory.
Operation Fly Trap: L. A. Gangs, Drugs, and the Law
by Susan A. PhillipsIn 2003, an FBI-led task force known as Operation Fly Trap attempted to dismantle a significant drug network in two Bloods-controlled, African American neighborhoods in Los Angeles. The operation would soon be considered an enormous success, noted for the precision with which the task force targeted and removed gang members otherwise entrenched in larger communities. In Operation Fly Trap, Susan A. Phillips questions both the success of this operation and the methods used to conduct it. Based on in-depth ethnographic research with Fly Trap participants, Phillips’s work brings together police narratives, crime statistics, gang cultural histories, and extensive public policy analysis to examine the relationship between state persecution and the genesis of violent social systems. Crucial to Phillips’s contribution is the presentation of the voices and perspectives of both the people living in impoverished communities and the agents that police them. Phillips positions law enforcement surveillance and suppression as a critical point of contact between citizen and state. She tracks the bureaucratic workings of police and FBI agencies and the language, ideologies, and methods that prevail within them, and shows how gangs have adapted, seeking out new locations, learning to operate without hierarchies, and moving their activities more deeply underground. Additionally, she shows how the targeted efforts of task forces such as Fly Trap wreak sweeping, sustained damage on family members and the community at large. Balancing her roles as even-handed reporter and public scholar, Phillips presents multiple flaws within the US criminal justice system and builds a powerful argument that many law enforcement policies in fact nurture, rather than prevent, violence in American society.
Operation Happiness: The 3-Step Plan to Creating a Life of Lasting Joy, Abundant Energy, and Radical Bliss
by Kristi LingIn Operation Happiness, happiness strategist and life coach Kristi Ling teaches you how to create immediate, positive shifts in your life by proving that happiness is a skill that can be cultivated, learned, and mastered--much like playing an instrument. After experiencing a long-term illness, a divorce, and the sudden deaths of loved ones, Ling spent years studying the science of happiness. She focused on identifying and testing specific emotional support tools. During this process, she discovered something that goes against everything we've been lead to believe about happiness: it isn't just something you feel; it's something you do. Based on this discovery, Ling outlines the three foundational principles that lead to a life of joy: Change Your View, Make Over Your Mornings, and Create New Habits.Part memoir and part how-to guide, Operation Happiness combines compelling personal stories, inspiring perspective shifts, and clear actionable steps to help you create a solid foundation for sustainable happiness that will propel you into a new, light-filled way of living.
Operation World: The Definitive Prayer Guide to Every Nation (Operation World Resources)
by Jason MandrykOperation World,All the countries of the world featuredMaps of each countryGeographic informationPeople groups within each countryEconomic informationPolitical informationReligious make-up of each countryDaily Prayer CalendarAnswers to prayerChallenges for prayerOperation WorldNote: Because this ebook is richly illustrated, please allow a little extra time to download after purchase.
Operational Excellence in Your Organization: The Change Agent's Handbook for Transformative Initiatives
by Fraser Wilkinson Herve DuvalOrganizations are under continued pressure to improve and innovate products and services to remain relevant and sustainable. In many cases, some form of “transformation” program is conceived to help achieve this aim. The transformation itself may include the deployment of systems and processes that make the organization more capable of sustaining improvements and driving future change. “Change Agents” often act as coaches, trainers, mentors, and facilitators to embed change. In practice, these Change Agents must deal with resistance throughout different levels of the organization. These Change Agents must be able to act as flexible, multi-situational problem solvers, and teachers of those problem-solving skills. Only organizations that have developed a strong problem-solving capability can hope to survive for sustained periods of time.This book describes many of the obstacles that Change Agents must overcome and the knowledge they need to make them credible with both leaders and the workforce they are tasked with navigating through an organizational transformation. Technical subjects such as diagnostic and improvement tools are described as well as pointing the reader in the direction of relevant theory and practical advice from the authors who have collectively more than 45 years of experience in such roles. Subject matter expertise in Lean Operations, Theory of Constraints, Six Sigma, Change Management, Excellence Models, Daily Management, and Problem Solving is used to describe some essential frameworks that can be brought together in a powerful system of improvement to aid organizations, but most importantly to support and encourage the Change Agent wherever they are in their career.At some point, leaders and managers will also be expected to act as Change Agents. This work brings together simple, universal, accessible, and practical resources to help guide those front-line Change Agents regardless of particular industry or experience.
Operational Urban Models: An Introduction (Routledge Library Editions: Urban Studies)
by David FootFirst published in 1981. Urban modelling techniques are an established tool in assessing the possible repercussions of major changes in land use. This book is an introductory guide to the various models that have been developed and to how they can be applied in planning practice, particularly with relation to land use activities such as residential, industrial and retail development, and changes in the transport network. The author has provided a coherent and reliable introductory text which will be welcomed by students and teachers in search of a guide to current methods in the field of urban modelling.
Operationalising e-Democracy through a System Engineering Approach in Mauritius and Australia
by Soobhiraj BungsrazThis book describes how the Systems Engineering (SE) methodology can be used to harness technology and enhance democracy within any political system. Moreover, it provides a practical roadmap for countries and politicians who are willing to change their existing system of governance to one that allows the people to have a meaningful say. In this regard, the book compares and contrasts two countries, Mauritius and Australia, highlighting how SE and e-democracy can be implemented in different contexts.
Operationalizing Twenty-First Century Safety: A Humancentric Practical Guide
by Simon GoncharenkoUnderstanding workplace health and safety can be a minefield and considering how the human can be placed at the heart of it adds another level of complexity to task that already has many factors. This book breaks down key practical aspects of the human factors-based approach to health and safety.Unlike most of the existent human factors resources on the market today, which all require some fluency in the concepts and a certain level of pre-understanding, Operationalizing Twenty-First Century Safety: A Humancentric Practical Guide presents the material in a simple, easy-to-read language that does not require academic background or prior experience to ensure you can deliver lasting results. Revealing the science and psychology behind human factors and performance programs, this fascinating title challenges the status quo and questions why we adhere to certain safety practices without fully understanding them. It simplifies complex concepts, making them approachable for all, and features contributions from 11 authors, each offering a unique perspective into a different industry. The readers of this book will gain an understanding of the background and multi-faceted approaches that link human factors and workplace safety.This book is written for professionals and practitioners at every career level of ergonomics and human factors, occupational health and safety, business and leadership, and any industry where workplace risk is significant.
Operations Research: Evolving Frontiers and Diverse Applications
by Gerhard Wilhelm Weber Hajar Farnoudkia Vilda PurutçuoğluOperational research (OR) methods are used in many fields of sciences like computer engineering, industrial engineering, social works, business management, medical studies and finance. This book, is the second book in the series of Operational Research (OR) books. It brings together the latest advances of these methods written by experts from all over the world. The book comprises 13 chapters and is split into four main parts, i.e., OR in supply chain management, OR in production planning and inventory management, OR in signal processing and OR in social sciences. The book contains recent methodologies and comprehensive reviews where necessary, so that readers can follow up to date progress in the field while observing various applications with large datasets. The data used in the book is available in public databases. Therefore, the reader can easily access them and try their own approaches for comparison. Furthermore, since the book covers the literature reviews in each chapter, readers can both follow other benchmark techniques in the field and learn the theoretical aspects of the selected methods. In conclusion, the book will be assist in the discovery of new avenues for novel researchers who are interested in OR methods.
Operativity And Typicality: Studies Of Meaning And Communication Theory In Organizational Research
by Thomas DrepperThe present text discusses sense-theoretical foundations of recent organizational research and makes them visible by analyzing epistemological terms of current discourses in organizational science (cognition, institution, practice, culture, communication, semantics). In a further step, communication is discussed as an operative guiding concept for understanding organizational reproduction and networking and applied to various organizational phenomena (managementization, standardization, circulation of ideas, translation, design). This book thus sees itself both as a contribution to theory development in organizational research and as a contribution to the research field of "(world) society and organization." Overall, the individual studies in this text discuss and explore the relevance of an epistemological, social and societal foundation of organization theory on the basis of an operational theory of meaning.This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
Operativität und Typik
by Thomas DrepperDer vorliegende Text diskutiert sinntheoretische Grundlagen der neueren Organisationsforschung und macht diese durch die Analyse erkenntnisleitender Begriffe aktueller organisationswissenschaftlicher Diskurse (Kognition, Institution, Praxis, Kultur, Kommunikation, Semantik) sichtbar. In einem weiteren Schritt wird Kommunikation als operativer Leitbegriff zum Verständnis organisationaler Reproduktion und Vernetzung diskutiert und auf verschiedene Organisationsphänomene (Managementisierung, Standardisierung, Ideenzirkulation, Übersetzung, Design) angewendet. Dieses Buch versteht sich damit sowohl als ein Beitrag zur Theorieentwicklung in der Organisationsforschung als auch als ein Beitrag im Forschungsfeld „(Welt-)Gesellschaft und Organisation“. Insgesamt wird in den Einzelstudien dieses Textes die Relevanz einer erkenntnis-, sozial- und gesellschaftstheoretischen Fundierung der Organisationstheorie auf Basis einer operativen Sinntheorie diskutiert und ausgelotet.
Opportunities and Challenges for Applied Demography in the 21st Century
by David A. Swanson Nazrul HoqueApplied demography continues its rapid pace of evolution in concert with the emerging trends of the 21st century. One significant area of change is the extension of applied demography beyond the United States; this book includes material dealing with applied demography in Australia, Canada, Estonia, and Mexico. Opportunities and Challenges for Applied Demography in the 21st Century presents a score of selected papers from the second post-2000 national conference on Applied Demography, held in San Antonio, Texas, in January, 2010, under the sponsorship of the Institute for Demographic and Socioeconomic Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio. Coverage includes the assembly of data by government agencies, with a focus on issues facing the United States; demographic issues associated with globalization; business demography and health demography, as well as a section examining methodological advances in the areas of estimation and projection.
Opportunities and Deprivation in the Urban South: Poverty, Segregation and Social Networks in São Paulo (Cities and Society)
by Eduardo Cesar MarquesContending that everyday sociability and social networks are central elements to an understanding of urban poverty, Opportunities and Deprivation in the Urban South draws on detailed research conducted in São Paulo in an examination of the social networks of individuals who identify as poor. The book uses a multi-methods approach not only to test the importance of networks, but also to disentangle the effects of networks and segregation and to specify the relational and spatial mechanisms associated with the production of poverty. It thus explores the different types of network that exist amongst the metropolitan poor, the conditions that shape and influence them, their consequences for the production of poverty and the mechanisms through which networks influence daily living conditions. A rigorous examination of poverty in a contemporary megacity, Opportunities and Deprivation in the Urban South will appeal to sociologists, political scientists and geographers with interests in urban studies, poverty and segregation and social networks.
Oppositional Discourses and Democracies (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought)
by Michael HuspekWhen citizens take to the streets or pack assembly halls or share their ideas through the minority press, they often give voice to truths and logic that have otherwise been given little or no airing through the available institutional channels offered by democratic states. Such discourses offer new rhetorical strategies for the expression of citizen desires, needs and emotions that otherwise go unrecognized and unaddressed. They also offer impetus for new forms of deliberation and informed action that can result in real political change. This collection explores the tensions between democratic states and the dynamics of citizen voice. In so doing, the collection addresses such questions as: What role do oppositional discourses play in increased democratization? Can oppositional discourses be sustained over time? How do states resist pressures to democratize? This volume will be of interest to students and scholars in Politics, Sociology, and Communication.
Oppression and Resistance in Southern Higher and Adult Education
by Kamden K. Strunk Leslie Ann Locke Georgianna L. MartinThis book explores the long history of oppression and resistance in adult and higher education, situated in Mississippi. The state serves as a unique site in which intersecting narratives around race, ethnicity, social class, opportunity, democracy, and equity have played out over the past several decades. In this book, the authors highlight the experiences of students and adults in Mississippi who provide both covert, subtle resistance to the dominant, oppressive educational narrative in the state, as well as those who provide active, visible resistance. Using critical pedagogy and critical theory to drive their analysis, the authors highlight the systematic and continuous nature of oppression, and theorize ways forward toward liberation in Mississippi, the South, and the nation.
Oppression: A Study in Social and Criminal Psychology (International Library of Sociology #A Study In Social & Criminal Psychology)
by Tadesuz GrygierPublished in 1998, Oppression is a valuable contribution to the field of Sociology and Social Policy.
Oppressive Liberation: Sexism in Animal Activism
by Lisa KemmererWhile explicitly set against a backdrop of sexism in social justice activism more generally, this book exposes causes, pervasiveness, harms, and possible directions for change with regard to sexism and male privilege in the animal activist movement. Employing the work of previous scholars, Dr. Lisa Kemmerer exposes the commonplace nature and causes of sexism and male privilege in social justice activism, then focuses on anymal activists, including new data that has not previously been published. The book also explores the crushing harms caused by sexism in the movement and an extensive array of possible directions for change. In various places throughout the text, Kemmerer refocuses on the interface of sexism and speciesism, and one full chapter explores a philosophies of interconnection from around the world and down through time. Also included are six essays from contributing authors who offer fresh angles on the topic, and who provide contextualized experiences with intersectional oppressions. While the book focuses specifically on animal activism, the end-goal of the book is total liberation—an end to all forms of privilege and marginalization.
Optimal Distinctiveness: A New Agenda for the Study of Competitive Positioning of Organizations and Markets (Elements in Organization Theory)
by Eric Yanfei ZhaoOptimal distinctiveness – being both 'similar to' and 'different from' peers – is an important imperative of organizational life and represents a common research question of organizational scholars across various disciplinary domains such as strategy, organization theory, entrepreneurship, and international business. This Element reviews the historical grounding and recent development of optimal distinctiveness scholarship, based on which an orienting framework is proposed to stress the highly contextualized and dynamic nature of optimal distinctiveness. The orienting framework provides several powerful and unique angles for understanding organizations' competitive positioning in various types of markets, for applying optimal distinctiveness research to different levels of analysis, and for nurturing a more cross-disciplinary and mutually generative conversation on optimal distinctiveness theory.
Optimal Human Relations: The Search for a Good Life
by C. David MortensenThis volume deals with the human desire to live the good life, defined as seeking that which "is good, optimal, or ultimately desirable." While there may be different ways of achieving this goal, the pathways are similar in some ways. In exploring the ways in which these paths cross, Mortensen asserts that an ability to sustain optimal human relations--that is, healthy communication, interpersonal compatibility, and prosocial influence--is a standard against which the good life can be measured. Optimal Human Relations explores the favorable conditions for human beings to live the best possible way of life imaginable; it both argues the case for and documents recent advances in the study of social influences on everyday life. Social influences help to develop an expansive sense of intrinsic motivation in daily encounters with others. While optimal relations are not easily achieved or maintained, it is through healthy relationships that one may pursue pleasure and happiness--even meaning, importance, and significance with valued companions. The cultivation of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual health through these relations generates an enhanced sense of well-being, growth, and maturity. Mature individuals are more likely to maintain optimal relations by counting daily blessings more than lamenting routine burdens. This inspirational conception of "the good life" invites productive inquiry into the conditions responsible for the pursuit of optimal conditions, fulfilled expectations, and a rich, vital, way of life. It is through this lens that Mortensen measures the good life, pointing to these aspects of human communication as a litmus test of the relative importance of individualistic and collective orientations. Along the way, the reader discovers who and what we are in relation to the quality of the world in which we reside alongside those who journey with us.
Optimal Learning Environments to Promote Student Engagement
by David J. ShernoffOptimal Learning Environments to Promote Student Engagement analyzes the psychological, social, and academic phenomena comprising engagement, framing it as critical to learning and development. Drawing on positive psychology, flow studies, and theories of motivation, the book conceptualizes engagement as a learning experience, explaining how it occurs (or not) and how schools can adapt to maximize it among adolescents. Examples of empirically supported environments promoting engagement are provided, representing alternative high schools, Montessori schools, and extracurricular programs. The book identifies key innovations including community-school partnerships, technology-supported learning, and the potential for engaging learning opportunities during an expanded school day. Among the topics covered: Engagement as a primary framework for understanding educational and motivational outcomes.Measuring the malleability, complexity, multidimensionality, and sources of engagement.The relationship between engagement and achievement.Supporting and challenging: the instructor's role in promoting engagement.Engagement within and beyond core academic subjects.Technological innovations on the engagement horizon. Optimal Learning Environments to Promote Student Engagement is an essential resource for researchers, professionals, and graduate students in child and school psychology; social work; educational psychology; positive psychology; family studies; and teaching/teacher education.
Optimal Outcomes: Free Yourself from Conflict at Work, at Home, and in Life
by Jennifer Goldman-Wetzler“This hands-on book is full of reflection exercises to help you spot the hidden patterns in your regular clashes and learn how to defuse them.” —Adam Grant, #1 New York Times–bestselling author A founding CEO and his top salesperson are engaged in a heated clash over her compensation package.A mother and daughter are locked in a nasty cycle of blame and attack.A high-profile executive team is struggling with aggressive political infighting.In all these cases, every effort to talk it out has been unsuccessful.Where can you turn when your attempts to resolve conflict fail? Most approaches emphasize collaboration. You are supposed to sit down, calmly talk through your differences, and find a solution. But what if nothing seems to work, no matter what you do?When situations resist resolution, the Optimal Outcomes Method teaches us conflict freedom.This innovative method is based on Dr. Jennifer Goldman-Wetzler’s training at the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School, two decades as a consultant to Fortune 500 and high-growth CEOs and senior teams, grassroots work with Middle East leaders, US government-funded research on terrorism, and her popular course at Columbia University. In Optimal Outcomes, she reveals eight groundbreaking practices proven to help people everywhere free themselves from conflict.With inspiring stories from clients, students, and Dr. Goldman-Wetzler’s own life lighting the way, you’ll learn to observe complex situations with clarity, access your shadow values (things you really care about but have been unwilling to admit), and take bold, simple, surprising action. Applying the practices, you’ll reach your Optimal Outcome—which may be vastly different from what you originally imagined, but more satisfying than you ever dreamed possible.