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Populism and the Crisis of Democracy: Volume 2: Politics, Social Movements and Extremism
by Bryan S. Turner Juergen Mackert Gregor FitziThe contributions to this volume Politics, Social Movements and Extremism take serious the fact that populism is a symptom of the crisis of representation that is affecting parliamentary democracy. Right-wing populism skyrocketed to electoral success and is now part of the government in several European countries, but it also shaped the Brexit campaign and the US presidential election. In Southern Europe, left-wing populism transformed the classical two parties systems into ungovernable three fractions parliaments, whereas in Latin America it still presents an instable alternative to liberal democracy. The varying consequences of populist mobilisation so far consist in the maceration of the established borders of political culture, the distortion of legislation concerning migrants and migration, and the emergence of hybrid regimes bordering on and sometimes leaning towards dictatorship. Yet, in order to understand populism, innovative research approaches are required that need to be capable of overcoming stereotypes and conceptual dichotomies which are deeply rooted in the political debate. The chapters of this volume offer such new theoretical strategies for inquiring into the multi-faceted populist phenomenon. The chapters analyse its language, concepts and its relationship to social media in an innovative way, draw the con - tours of left- and right-wing populism and reconstruct its shifting delimitation to political extremism. Furthermore, they value the most significant aftermath of populist mobilisation on the institutional frame of parliamentary democracy from the limitation of the freedom of press, to the dismantling of the separation of powers, to the erosion of citizenship rights. This volume will be an invaluable reference for students and scholars in the field of political theory, political sociology and European Studies.
Populism and the Crisis of Democracy: Volume 3: Migration, Gender and Religion (Routledge Advances In Sociology Ser.)
by Bryan S. Turner Juergen Mackert Gregor FitziThe contributions to this volume Migration, Gender and Religion bring together empirically grounded and theoretically sophisticated case studies of populist responses to what are perceived to be the threats to national survival and sovereignty from ‘uncontrolled’ immigration. The demographic context – declining fertility rates and ageing populations – promotes the belief that high Muslim fertility rates are material evidence of an Islamic threat to the West, to national cohesion and particularly to the safety and dignity of the women of the host community. Consequently, gender plays an important part in populist ideology, but populist attitudes to gender are often contradictory. Populist movements are often marked by misogyny and by policies that are typically anti-feminist in rejecting gender equality. The traditional family with a dominant father and submissive mother is promoted as the basis of national values and the remedy against social decline. The obsession with women in the public domain points to a crisis of masculinity associated with unemployment, the impact of austerity packages on social status, and the growth of pink collar employment. Inevitably, religion is drawn into these political debates about the future of Western societies, because religion in general has seen the family and mothers as essential for the reproduction of religion. Christendom has been identified by populists as providing the ultimate defence of the borders of European civilisation against Islam, despite the fact that church leaders have often defended and welcomed outsiders in terms of Christian charity. Once more Christian Europe is the Abendland standing in defiance of a threatening and subversive Morgenland. This volume will be an invaluable reference for students and scholars in the field of political theory, political sociology and European Studies.
Populism and the European Culture Wars: The Conflict of Values between Hungary and the EU
by Frank FurediConcern and hostility towards populism has become a distinctive feature of contemporary political culture. In Europe such concerns are frequently directed at Eurosceptics, whose opposition to the European Union is often portrayed as a cultural crime. Ancient anti-democratic claims about the gullibility, ignorance and irrationality of the masses are frequently recycled through the anti-populist condemnation of people who vote the wrong way. This book argues that the current outburst of anti-populist anxiety is symptomatic of a loss of faith in democracy and in the ability of the demos to assume the role of responsible citizens. Distrust of the people and of parliamentary sovereignty is reinforced by the concern that, on its own, liberal democracy lacks the normative foundation to inspire the loyalty and affection of ordinary citizens. Through focusing on the conflict between the European Union’s Commission and the Government of Hungary, this book explores contrasting attitudes towards national sovereignty, popular sovereignty and the question of tradition and the past as the main drivers of the culture war in Europe.
Populism as Governmental Practice: Spatial, Operational and Temporal Dynamics (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought)
by Toygar Sinan BaykanPopulism as Governmental Practice illustrates how populism functions as a phenomenon of power and draws attention to the brighter and darker consequences of populist rule for ordinary people across the world via bottom-up analyses of populist experiences of government in remarkably different national contexts including Turkey, Venezuela, Greece, India, Philippines, Egypt, and the United States.By proposing an understanding of politics that is broader than the one embraced in current populism research, it focuses on a realm stretching beyond the electoral high politics of ideas/ideologies, discourses, public performances/styles, and mobilization efforts. The book theorizes populism as a responsive political/governmental practice in congruence with the material and symbolic expectations of populist audiences and analyses it as a rich praxis of governing people and things that is blurring the boundaries between public and the private as well as formal and the informal while embracing swiftness in temporal terms.Through an interpretive perspective focusing on the bounded rationalities and moral economies embedded in the populist rule and popular obeyance to it, this book would appeal to researchers and students of politics and its sub-disciplines as well as to the non-expert audience curious about the micro dynamics of populist rule.
Populism as Meta Ideology
by Kire SharlamanovThis book explores the most important aspects of populism as a significant social phenomenon. It recapitulates the approaches to defining populism in the social sciences, singles out the most important concepts in the definition of populism, and presents them to the readership. Specific to this book is that it seeks to promote an approach that sees populism as a meta-ideology, that is, an ideology that uses other political ideologies instrumentally. In addition, the book Populism as Meta Ideology identifies the most important factors that have contributed to the growth of populism in recent times. Modernization, globalization, the crisis of political parties, and the transformation of the public sphere have been identified as such factors. A chapter is devoted to each of these factors in the book. The book concludes by examining the interaction between populism and liberal democracy, both theoretically and practically.
Populism in Canada: A New Surge (Palgrave Studies in Populisms)
by Eric MontignyFor the first time in modern Canadian history, the leader of one of the two governing party was chosen on a decidedly populist platform. Before the election of Pierre Poilievre as leader of the Conservative Party, many believed that Canada was immune to populism. In the months following his arrival as leader of the Official opposition, the polls in his favor soared. So much so, that it prompted Prime minister Justin Trudeau's resignation. The success of Poilievre&’s stand in favor of the working class also forced the main left-wing party, the NPD, to adopt an even more populist tone. Does Pierre Poilievre's populism come from Donald Trump's playbook? Are the 2022 truckers' occupation of Ottawa and the post-Covid pandemic inflationary context explanatory factors? This new populism made in Canada is essentially economic, with no nativist component. But its first victims were carbon pricing policies to combat climate change. From a global perspective, what lessons can we draw from this shift in Canadian politics?
Populism in Sport, Leisure, and Popular Culture (Sociological Futures)
by Bryan C. CliftThis book examines and establishes the sociological relevance of the concept of populism and illuminates the ideological use of sport, leisure, and popular culture in socio-political populist strategies and dynamics. The first part of the book — Themes, Concepts, Theories — sets the scene by reviewing and evaluating populist themes, concepts, and theories and exploring their cultural-historical roots in and application to cultural forms such as mega-sports events, reality television programmes, and the popular music festival. The second part — National Contexts and Settings — examines populist elements of events and regimes in selected cases in South America and Europe: Argentina, Brazil, Greece, Italy, and England. In the third part — Trump Times — the place of sport in the populist ideology and practices of US president Donald Trump is critically examined in analyses of Trump’s authoritarian populism, his Twitter discourse, Lady Gaga at the Super Bowl, and populist strategy on the international stage. The book concludes with a discussion of the strong case for a fuller sociological engagement with the populist dimensions of sport, leisure, and popular cultural forms. Written in a clear and accessible style, this volume will be of interest to sociologists and social scientists beyond those specialising in popular culture and cultural politics of sport and leisure, as the topic of populism and its connection to popular cultural forms and practices has come increasingly into prominence in the contemporary world.
Populism in the Civil Sphere
by Jeffrey C. AlexanderEven as the specter of populism haunts contemporary societies, scholars have not been able to agree about what it is. Except for one thing: a deviation from democracy, the source, it seems, of the precarious position in which so many societies find themselves today. This volume aims to break the Gordian knot of “populism” by bringing a new social theory to bear and, in so doing so, suggesting that normative judgments about this misunderstood phenomenon need to be reconsidered as well. Populism is not a democratic deviation but a naturally occurring dimension of civil sphere dynamics, fatal to democracy only at the extremes. Because populism is highly polarizing, it has the effect of inducing anxiety that civil solidarity is breaking apart. Left populists feel as if civil solidarity is an illusion, that democratic discourse is a fig leaf for private interests, and that the social and cultural differentiation that vouchsafes the independence of the civil sphere merely reflects the hegemony of narrow professional interests or those of a ruling class. Right populists share the same distrust, even repulsion, for the civil sphere. What seems civil to the center and left, like affirmative action or open immigration, they call out as particularistic; honored civil icons, such as Holocaust memorials, they trash. How can the sense of a vital civil center survive such censure from populism on the left and the right? Populism in the Civil Sphere provides compelling answers to these fundamental questions. Its contributions are both sophisticated theoretical interventions and deeply researched empirical studies, and it will be of great interest to anyone concerned about the most important political developments of our time.
Populism, Fundamentalism, and Identity: Fighting Talk
by Peter HerriotWhat can populism and fundamentalism possibly have in common? Peter Herriot argues that contrary to their apparent differences, these human phenomena are similar in two basic respects. First, they are both reactions against the complexities of the modern world in general, and its current crisis in particular. They propose instead a return to a mythical golden age, supposedly marked by purity and simplicity. Second, they both work in the same way psychologically. Using social identity theory, Herriot shows how both populism and fundamentalism create constant conflict by contrasting a virtuous ‘Us’ with a stereotypically evil ‘Them’. Contemporary case studies illustrate this process at work, and Herriot raises various issues as a basis for discussion, and concludes with hope.
Populism, Media and Education: Challenging discrimination in contemporary digital societies (Routledge Research in Education)
by Maria RanieriBased on a major research project funded by the European Commission, Populism, Media and Education studies how discriminatory stereotypes are built online with a particular focus on right-wing populism. Globalization and migration have led to a new era of populism and racism in Western countries, rekindling traditional forms of discrimination through innovative means. New media platforms are being seen by populist organizations as a method to promote hate speech and unprecedented forms of proselytism. Race, gender, disability and sexual orientation are all being used to discriminate and young people are the preferred target for populist organizations and movements. This book examines how media education can help to deconstruct such hate speech and promote young people’s full participation in media-saturated societies. Drawing on rich examples from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Italy, Slovenia, and the UK - countries characterized by different political and cultural contexts – Populism, Media and Education addresses key questions about the meaning of new populism, the nature of e-engagement, and the role of education and citizenship in the digital century. With its international and interdisciplinary approach, this book is essential reading for academics and students in the areas of education, media studies, sociology, cultural studies, political sciences, discrimination and gender studies.
Populism: An Introduction (Key Ideas)
by Manuel AnselmiPopulism: An Introduction is the first introduction to the theme of populism. It will introduce the principal theories, definitions, models and contemporary debates. A number of global case studies will be used to illustrate the concept: • Russian populism; • Latin American populism; • Italian populism; • Peronism; • Media populism; • Penal populism; • Constitutional populism. Populism will reflect on the sociology of democratic processes and investigate the evolution of political consensus in contemporary political systems. This book will appeal to academics and postgraduate students working in the field of sociology, political sociology and politics.
Populismus – Staat – Demokratie: Ein interdisziplinäres Streitgespräch (Staat – Souveränität – Nation)
by Isabelle-Christine PanreckZwar fällt die Populismusforschung auf den ersten Blick ins Kerngebiet der Politikwissenschaft, aber keine Geistes- oder Sozialwissenschaft verschließt sich der Debatte. Dabei erfolgt eine interdisziplinäre Verknüpfung der einzelnen Diskussionsfäden bislang nur vereinzelt. Der Sammelband stößt in die Lücke, indem er erstmals Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der Kunst-geschichte, Ökonomie, Philosophie, Politikwissenschaft, Politolinguistik, Städtebau/Architektur und Theologie zum Streitgespräch versammelt.
Populismus: Eine Einführung (Elemente der Politik)
by Marcel LewandowskyDas Lehrbuch bietet eine einführende Darstellung des Populismus in allen relevanten Facetten. Namentlich adressiert das Buch seine unterschiedlichen Manifestationen (als Ideologie, Parteiprogramm und individuelle Einstellung), stellt den Populismus in vergleichender Perspektive vor und analysiert die Ursachen für den Wahlerfolg populistischer Parteien. Ferner diskutiert das Buch die Auswirkungen populistischer Parteien auf die Demokratie und den Parteienwettbewerb.
Populist Nationalism in Europe and the Americas
by Fernando López-Alves Diane E. JohnsonPopulist nationalism fuses beliefs that citizens are being exploited by a privileged elite with claims that the national culture and interests are under threat from enemies within or without. Ideologically fluid, populist nationalists decry “out-of-touch” institutions such as political parties and the mainstream press while extolling the virtues of the “people.” They claim that only populists can truly represent the nation and solve its problems, and often call for unorthodox solutions that appeal to the common people. The recent spread of populist nationalism throughout the world has triggered a growing interest in the subject, led mainly by journalists. The Brexit vote and the election of Donald Trump in the US have provoked a flurry of media coverage in Europe and the Americas, along with parliamentary debates. Some social scientists have sought to explain the resurgence of nationalism and the spread of populism in recent decades, but important questions remain and most of the scholarship has not adequately addressed the fusion of nationalism and populism. It fails to examine the combination of populism and nationalism comparatively, especially the contrast between the more progressive and leftist versions such as those in Latin America, and the more traditional conservative varieties that are gaining strength in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This interdisciplinary collection by experts on Europe and the Americas fills this void. The volume examines various experiences with populist nationalism, and offers theoretical tools to assess its future. Some chapters are in-depth country case studies and others take a broader perspective, but all open the door for meaningful comparison.
Populist Parties in Europe: Agents of Discontent?
by Agents Of DiscontentPopulism is a concept that is currently in vogue among political commentators and, more often than not, used pejoratively. The phenomenon of populism is typically seen as something adverse and, in the European context routinely related to xenophobic politics. What populism exactly is and who its main representatives are, however, often remains unclear. This text has two main aims: to identify populist parties in 21st century Europe and to explain their electoral performance. It argues that populist parties should not be dismissed as dangerous pariahs out of hand but rather that their rise tells us something about the state of representative democracy.
Populärkultur und sozialökologische Transformation: Potenziale einer reflexiven Nachhaltigkeitskultur auf Musikfestivals (Musik und Gesellschaft)
by Ina KahleMusikfestivals gelten in der Regel nicht als Orte gelebter ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit. Ein anscheinend unbedachter Umgang mit benötigten Ressourcen sowie der oftmals unverhältnismäßige Konsum von Alkohol sprechen zunächst nicht dafür, dass gerade hier eine Chance für einen im nachhaltigen Sinne erforderlichen Wertewandel der Gesellschaft liegt.Dieses Buch widmet sich einem in diesem Kontext bisher weitgehend unbeachteten Aspekt von Musikfestivals: In einer umfangreichen empirischen Studie werden auf verschiedenen Musikfestivals beobachtete drastische Veränderungen von Verhaltensmustern der Besucher und die Gründe hierfür untersucht. Unter den Festivalgästen wird ein habitueller Grundmodus ausgemacht, der sich relevant von dem in deren Alltag unterscheidet. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welches Potenzial für die sozialökologische Transformation von Gesellschaften der Beibehaltung dieses Grundmodus über die Grenzen der Festivals hinaus innewohnt.
Porkopolis: American Animality, Standardized Life, and the Factory Farm
by Alex BlanchetteIn the 1990s a small midwestern American town approved the construction of a massive pork complex, where almost 7 million hogs are birthed, raised, and killed every year. In Porkopolis Alex Blanchette explores how this rural community has been reorganized around the life and death cycles of corporate pigs. Drawing on over two years of ethnographic fieldwork, Blanchette immerses readers into the workplaces that underlie modern meat, from slaughterhouses and corporate offices to artificial insemination barns and bone-rendering facilities. He outlines the deep human-hog relationships and intimacies that emerge through intensified industrialization, showing how even the most mundane human action, such as a wayward touch, could have serious physical consequences for animals. Corporations' pursuit of a perfectly uniform, standardized pig—one that can yield materials for over 1000 products—creates social and environmental instabilities that transform human lives and livelihoods. Throughout Porkopolis, which includes dozens of images by award-winning photographer Sean Sprague, Blanchette uses factory farming to rethink the fraught state of industrial capitalism in the United States today.
Porn Report
by Alan McKee Catharine Lumby Kath AlburyTrue or false: Most porn users are uneducated, lonely and sad old men All porn is violent Pornography turns people into rapists and/or paedophiles Pornography uniformly portrays women as passive objects of men's sexual urges The Porn Report debunks these and many other misconceptions about porn consumers, producers and the industry at large. In the first comprehensive examination of the production and consumption of pornography in Australia, Alan McKee, Kath Albury and Catharine Lumby present a wide-ranging view of the adult-content industries and its consumers. If you've ever wondered what's in Australia's bestselling 50 porn videos and DVDs; what's behind amateur or do-it-yourself porn; and how porn is produced and distributed, The Porn Report will not only answer your questions, but also surprise you. The authors also discuss feminist responses to pornography and provide important advice to parents on how they can protect their children from cyberstalkers and from viewing online porn. If pornography arouses, repels or simply piques your curiosity, you cannot afford to miss The Porn Report.
Porno? Chic!: how pornography changed the world and made it a better place
by Brian McNairPorno? Chic! examines the relationship between the proliferation of pornography and sexualised culture in the West and social and cultural trends which have advanced the rights of women and homosexuals. Brian McNair addresses this relationship with an analysis of trends in sexualised culture since 2002 linked to a transnational analysis of change in sexual politics and sex/gender relations in a range of societies, from the sexually liberalised societies of advanced capitalism to those in which women and homosexuals remain tightly controlled by authoritarian, patriarchal regimes. In this accessible, jargon-free book, Brian McNair examines why those societies in which sexualised culture is the most liberalised and pervasive are also those in which the socio-economic and political rights of women and homosexuals have advanced the most.
Pornography, Rough Sex and Gendered Harm: Just Sex on Screen? (Routledge Critical Studies in Crime, Diversity and Criminal Justice)
by Samantha KeeneExploring the nuances and complexities in men’s and women’s accounts of how mainstream pornography is experienced in their everyday lives, this book demonstrates how pornography can be both a site for pleasure and pain across gendered lines.Drawing on interviews with 24 heterosexual adults from Aotearoa New Zealand, the author provides insights into the various ways that men and women encounter, interpret, and are affected by the pornography that they, or their partners, view. It draws attention to the pleasures and pains of pornography for adult audiences, considering the impact of mainstream pornography on heterosexual relationships and sexual scripts, as well as gendered experiences of pornography “addiction”. Additionally, this volume examines the rise of “rough sex” and “choking” as a normalised sexual practice within heterosex. It interrogates what might be meant by “rough sex”, questions its normalisation, and highlights how portrayals of rough sex in online pornography may shape understandings of rough sex in offline sexual experiences. The findings affirm the need for a gendered lens that incorporates a harms-based approach to the study of mainstream pornography and its influence.Pornography, Rough Sex and Gendered Harm will be valuable to academics, researchers, students and activists who are interested in the pleasures and harms of mainstream pornography for adult audiences.
Pornography: A Groundwork Guide (Groundwork Guides)
by Debbie NathanInformative and thought-provoking, this book from one of the most interesting and original thinkers currently looking at human sexuality provides a fresh view of pornography. Clearly and concisely written for young adults.Pornography addresses a very important issue in a rational, analytical manner. Society tells us that we aren't supposed to look at pornography — much less talk publicly about it — but the Internet has created unprecedented access to porn over the last few years.This book deals with pornography as a social issue, translating the best academic research into reader-friendly language."[The Groundwork Guides] are excellent books, mandatory for school libraries and the increasing body of young people prepared to take ownership of the situations and problems previous generations have left them." — Globe and Mail
Pornography: The Production and Consumption of Inequality
by Gail Dines Bob Jensen Ann RussoFirst published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Pornology
by Ayn Carillo-GaileyWhen Ayn Carrillo-Gailey confronted her boyfriend about his porn habit, he pronounced her "pornophobic. " Determined to prove she wasn't phobic, simply more enlightened, Ayn set out to learn all she could about this phenomenon. Like any good researcher, she added her new quest to her daily To-Do list: 1. Drop off dry cleaning 2. Call Mom 3. Visit sex toy store on Melrose Acting as an amateur anthropologist introduced Ayn to a world populated by everyday people. Her quest aroused the curiosity of her female friends: her knitting group quickly turned into informal information sessions, as the women-single or married, involved or not-were desperate for information. What does XXX mean vs. un-rated? What's the difference between topless dancers and strip clubs? Why is some of it actually not that stimulating? And why are men obsessed with it? Along the way, Ayn ditched the porn-obsessed boyfriend, and learned that one should not try to make change from a stripper's G-string tips, nor is the Hustler store the best place to make a first impression on a hot guy. Pornology is the result of one woman's quest to pierce the veil that modestly covers something many women actually want to know about. Suprising, hilarious, informative, and ultimately non-judgmental, this narrative is one readers won't put down-once they admit they're curious enough to pick it up!
Port Cities and Global Legacies
by Alice MahThis book advances the concept of 'global legacies' - enduring forms, processes, or ideas of the 'global' that shape urban identity and politics. Global legacies provide a key lens on the difficult pasts and uncertain futures of cities. In particular, port cities, with their distinctive global dynamics, long histories of casual labour, large migrant communities, and roles within international trade networks, exhibit fascinating global legacies. Employing a rich methodological repertoire, Alice Mah combines approaches from critical political economy, global history and sociology, and ethnographic case study methods in this comparative study. The result is a careful examination of the contradictory legacies of empire, capitalism, casual labour, and radicalism in Liverpool, Marseille, and New Orleans. These major port cities faced painful processes of ruination followed by attempts at recovery in the recent past. This book reveals that while global legacies are fraught and contradictory, they also offer a framework of possibilities and resources for imagining alternative urban futures.
Portfolioarbeit in der Grundschule: Ein Lernwerkzeug im Spannungsfeld zwischen Inklusion und Kompetenzstandardisierung
by Melanie NoesenDieses Open-AccesBuch thematisiert Portfolioarbeit in einer inklusionsorientierten Grundschule im Rahmen der luxemburgischen Bildungsreform und unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der komplexen Mehrsprachigkeitssituation des Großherzogtums. Das Portfolio wurde als wichtiges Instrument zur Implementierung eines Kompetenzmodells und einer neuen Leistungsbeurteilung angedacht und sollte nicht nur dem Lernen der Kinder, sondern auch der Unterrichtsentwicklung dienen. So geht die Studie der Frage nach, wie sich Lernen im Rahmen der Portfolioarbeit bei Kindern zu Beginn des Schriftspracherwerbs in einer inklusionsorientierten Grundschule gestaltet. Spezifischer fragt sie nach der Nutzung sowie der Deutung des Portfolios seitens der Kinder, der Lehrpersonen sowie der Eltern. Die Arbeit entwickelt und belegt die These, dass die Portfolioarbeit im Kontext der luxemburgischen Schulreform in der Praxis dem Antagonismus zwischen Inklusion und Kompetenzstandardisierung ausgesetzt ist. Weiter beleuchtet sie die Auswirkungen dieses systeminhärenten Widerspruchs auf den unterschiedlichen Ebenen. So beschreibt und analysiert sie die Umsetzung der Portfolioarbeit auf der Ebene des Lernens des Kindes, der Unterrichtsgestaltung, der Schule sowie der Bildungspolitik.