- Table View
- List View
Preference, Value, Choice, and Welfare
by Daniel M. HausmanThis book is about preferences, principally as they figure in economics. It also explores their uses in everyday language and action, how they are understood in psychology and how they figure in philosophical reflection on action and morality. The book clarifies and for the most part defends the way in which economists invoke preferences to explain, predict and assess behavior and outcomes. Hausman argues, however, that the predictions and explanations economists offer rely on theories of preference formation that are in need of further development, and he criticizes attempts to define welfare in terms of preferences and to define preferences in terms of choices or self-interest. The analysis clarifies the relations between rational choice theory and philosophical accounts of human action. The book also assembles the materials out of which models of preference formation and modification can be constructed, and it comments on how reason and emotion shape preferences.
Prefiguring the Idea of the University for a Post-Capitalist Society (Marxism and Education)
by Gary SaundersUsing an Open Marxist theoretical framework, this book provides a critique of the neoliberal reforms made to higher education since the late 1970s and the impact this has had on the sector. Rather than arguing for a return to the idea of the public university, the book argues that public and private models of higher education are both forms of capitalist accumulation and have historically perpetuated forms of oppression, exploitation and discrimination; thus, a more radical solution that addresses both the current crisis of higher education and the contradictory and exploitative nature of late capitalism is required. This book critically examines the autonomous learning spaces that emerged out of the UK student protests (2009-2010) and documents what can be learned from them to prefigure the idea of the university for a post-capitalist society.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Unmarried Women in Japan: From Abortion to Birth (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Yukiko SendaThis book provides a key to understanding why there was an increase in extra-marital fertility in Japan from the 1990s to the 2010s, particularly between 1995 and 2015, and the factors which contribute to the multistratification of unmarried mothers, the number of which has increased ensuingly. It also allows for international comparison by providing data on outcomes of extra-marital childbirth. Previously, it was believed that the idea of a ‘second demographic transition’ did not apply to Japan, which had a relatively low rate of extra-marital fertility. However, more recently, though still at a low level, a subtle but gradual rise is seen in the number of women who become unmarried mothers as a result of births outside marriage. This trend suggests that the social environment surrounding pregnancy, childbirth, and marriage is changing. In this book, various data such as national statistics, nationwide surveys, and media discourse are analysed with a view to revealing the factors affecting unmarried women’s decisions when they discover they are pregnant. Various matters are discussed, such as changes in sexual activity and contraceptive use, advance in reproductive technology, the law and government policies pertaining to adoption, social consciousness towards unwed mothers, the change in perception of abortion from the religious perspective, and difference of socioeconomic status depending on the women’s occupation. Facts from vital statistics are first laid out, showing that, while abortion has consistently been on the decrease from the 1990s onward, shotgun marriages have peaked out. Adoption is rare and remains very small in proportion, while extra-marital fertility is on the rise. The author then points to the possibility that greater lenience found in the social consciousness towards unwed mothers in recent years is a pull factor for the increase in extra-marital fertility. Further, by analysing vital statistics, it is revealed that the probability of becoming a mother without marrying changed with the woman’s occupation, explicable by the stability of employment and level of income, and that between 1995 and 2015, the effects of the job factor are changing. If we assume that, unlike the first demographic transition model, the ‘second demographic transition’ may show a similar direction but be on a different scale according to the country, it is possible to say that Japan too is experiencing the ‘second demographic transition’.
Pregnancy in Practice
by Sallie HanBabies are not simply born-they are made through cultural and social practices. Based on rich empirical work, this book examines the everyday experiences that mark pregnancy in the US today, such as reading pregnancy advice books, showing ultrasound "baby pictures" to friends and co-workers, and decorating the nursery in anticipation of the new arrival. These ordinary practices of pregnancy, the author argues, are significant and revealing creative activities that produce babies. They are the activities through which babies are made important and meaningful in the lives of the women and men awaiting the child's birth. This book brings into focus a topic that has been overlooked in the scholarship on reproduction and will be of interest to professionals and expectant parents alike.
Pregnancy, Risk and Biopolitics: On the Threshold of the Living Subject (Transformations)
by Lorna WeirTraditionally, Euroamerican cultures have considered that human status was conferred at the conclusion to childbirth. However, in contemporary Euroamerican biomedicine, law and politics, the living subject is often claimed to pre-exist birth. In this fascinating book Lorna Weir argues that the displacement of birth as the threshold of the living subject began in the 1950s with the novel concept of ‘perinatal mortality’ referring to death of either the foetus or the newborn just prior to, during or after birth. Weir’s book gives a new feminist approach to pregnancy in advanced modernity focusing on the governance of population. She traces the introduction of the perinatal threshold into child welfare and tort law through expert testimony on foetal risk, sketching the clash at law between the birth and perinatal thresholds of the living subject. Her book makes original empirical and theoretical contributions to the history of the present (Foucauldian research), feminism, and social studies of risk, and she conceptualizes a new historical focus for the history of the present: the threshold of the living subject. Calling attention to the significance of population politics, especially the reduction of infant mortality, for the unsettling of the birth threshold, this book argues that risk techniques are heterogeneous, contested with expertise, and plural in their political effects. Interview research with midwives shows their critical relation to using risk assessment in clinical practice. An original and accessible study, this book will be of great interest to students and researchers across many disciplines.
Pregnant Bodies, Fertile Minds: Gender, Race, and the Schooling of Pregnant Teens
by Wendy LuttrellFocusing on fifty girls enrolled in a model public school program for pregnant teens, Luttrell explores how pregnant girls experience society's view of them and also considers how these girls view themselves and the choices they've made. Also includes an 8-page color insert.
Pregones Theatre: A Theatre for Social Change in the South Bronx (Latino Communities: Emerging Voices - Political, Social, Cultural and Legal Issues)
by Eva Cristina VásquezFirst published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Prehistoric Warfare and Violence: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches (Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences)
by Christian Horn Andrea Dolfini Rachel J. Crellin Marion UckelmannThis is the first book to explore prehistoric warfare and violence by integrating qualitative research methods with quantitative, scientific techniques of analysis such as paleopathology, morphometry, wear analysis, and experimental archaeology. It investigates early warfare and violence from the standpoint of four broad interdisciplinary themes: skeletal markers of violence and weapon training; conflict in prehistoric rock-art; the material culture of conflict; and intergroup violence in archaeological discourse. The book has a wide-ranging chronological and geographic scope, from early Neolithic to late Iron Age and from Western Europe to East Asia. It includes world-renowned sites and artefact collections such as the Tollense Valley Bronze Age battlefield (Germany), the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Tanum (Sweden), and the British Museum collection of bronze weaponry from the late Shang period (China). Original case studies are presented in each section by a diverse international authorship.The study of warfare and violence in prehistoric and pre-literate societies has been at the forefront of archaeological debate since the publication of Keeley’s provocative monograph ‘War Before Civilization’ (Oxford 1996). The problem has been approached from a number of standpoints including anthropological and behavioural studies of interpersonal violence, osteological examinations of sharp lesions and blunt-force traumas, wear analysis of ancient weaponry, and field experiments with replica weapons and armour. This research, however, is often confined within the boundaries of the various disciplines and specialist fields. In particular, a gap can often be detected between the research approaches grounded in the humanities and social sciences and those based on the archaeological sciences. The consequence is that, to this day, the subject is dominated by a number of undemonstrated assumptions regarding the nature of warfare, combat, and violence in non-literate societies. Moreover, important methodological questions remain unanswered: can we securely distinguish between violence-related and accidental trauma on skeletal remains? To what extent can wear analysis shed light on long-forgotten fighting styles? Can we design meaningful combat tests based on historic martial arts? And can the study of rock-art unlock the social realities of prehistoric warfare? By breaking the mould of entrenched subject boundaries, this edited volume promotes interdisciplinary debate in the study of prehistoric warfare and violence by presenting a number of innovative approaches that integrate qualitative and quantitative methods of research and analysis.
Prehistoric Warfare on the Great Plains: Skeletal Analysis of the Crow Creek Massacre Victims (Evolution of North American Indians Series)
by P. WilleyFirst Published in 1991.This study is the product of the discovery, excavation, processing, data collection and analysis of nearly 500 human skeletons from the Crow Creek Massacre Project, South Dakota. In about 1325 AD nearly 500 American Indians were massacred, and their remains were discovered, excavated and cleaned in 1978. The general purpose of the Crow Creek osteological study were to describe the remains as fully as time permitted and compare these results with other samples. This volume presents information concerning the Crow Creek bone elements, paleodemography, cranial affiliations, mutilations and stature. It emphasizes the unique feature of the sample and compares the Crow Creek sample with other skeletal samples from the Plains.
Preiserhöhungen verkaufen: Wie Sie auch mit höheren Preisen keine Kunden verlieren
by Jeb BlountPreiserhöhungsinitiativen - ob auf breiter Basis oder auf bestimmte Kunden ausgerichtet - machen den meisten den Vertriebsprofis und Kundenbetreuern, die sie ihren Kunden verkaufen sollen, Angst. Preiserhöhungen bei Kunden stehen ganz oben auf der Liste der Dinge, die Vertriebsmitarbeiter ungern tun, weil sie befürchten, dass Preiserhöhungen das Verkaufsvolumen verringern oder der Konkurrenz die Tür öffnen. Doch wenn man effektiv verkauft, akzeptieren die Kunden Preiserhöhungen, bleiben loyal und kaufen oft sogar mehr. In seinem neuen Buch zeigt der bekannte Verkaufstrainer Jeb Blount die Strategien, Taktiken, Techniken und Rahmenbedingungen auf, mit denen Verkäufer Preiserhöhungsinitiativen erfolgreich meistern können. Von der Ausarbeitung wirksamer Preiserhöhungsbotschaften über den Schutz hart erkämpfter Beziehungen und den Umgang mit gängigen Einwänden bis hin zur Argumentation für den von ihnen gebotenen Wert führt dieser umfassende Leitfaden Vertriebsmitarbeiter durch jeden Schritt des Verkaufsprozesses für Preiserhöhungen. In jedem Kapitel finden die Leser praktische Übungen, die ihnen helfen, das System "Preiserhöhung verkaufen" zu beherrschen. Mit jedem neuen Kapitel werden sie mehr und mehr Vertrauen in ihre Fähigkeit gewinnen, Kunden erfolgreich in Preiserhöhungsgespräche einzubeziehen. Das Buch ist ein unverzichtbares Handbuch für Vertriebsprofis, Kundenbetreuer, Kundenerfolgsteams und andere Führungskräfte im Bereich der Umsatzgenerierung, die einen spannenden und aufschlussreichen Leitfaden für die Navigation durch die wichtige - und nervenaufreibende - Welt der Preiserhöhungen suchen.
Preispsychologie: In vier Schritten zur optimierten Preisgestaltung (essentials)
by Markus Husemann-KopetzkyMarkus Husemann-Kopetzky zeigt, dass Unternehmen durch eine gezielte Preisdarstellung die Preiswahrnehmung von Kunden und dadurch mittelbar ihr Verhalten beeinflussen können. Dabei stellt er dar, wie die Preispsychologie zur Preisgestaltung systematisch genutzt werden kann, und entwickelt ein Strukturierungsschema – das 4-P-Modell der Preispsychologie – zur Sortierung der einzelnen preispsychologischen Erkenntnisse sowie zur Auswahl einer psychologisch optimierten Preisgestaltung. Der Autor vermittelt dem Leser einen breiten und fundierten Eindruck zur Preispsychologie und zeigt dabei Möglichkeiten zur weiteren Vertiefung auf. Diese zweite überarbeitete Auflage wurde um neue Studien aus dem noch sehr dynamischen Forschungsgebiet der Preispsychologie aktualisiert. Der Autor:Dr. Markus Husemann-Kopetzky ist externer Habilitand bei Prof. Dr. Andreas Eggert am Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Marketing, an der Universität Paderborn und als Senior Manager Pricing and Business Analytics bei einem großen Internet-Versandhandel tätig.
Preispsychologie: In vier Schritten zur optimierten Preisgestaltung (essentials)
by Markus KopetzkyMarkus Kopetzky zeigt, dass Unternehmen durch eine gezielte Preisdarstellung die Preiswahrnehmung von Kunden und dadurch mittelbar ihr Verhalten beeinflussen können. Dabei stellt er dar wie die Preispsychologie zur Preisgestaltung systematisch genutzt werden kann und entwickelt ein Strukturierungsschema - das 4-P-Modell der Preispsychologie - zur Sortierung der einzelnen preispsychologischen Erkenntnisse sowie zur Auswahl einer psychologisch optimierten Preisgestaltung. Der Autor vermittelt dem Leser einen breiten und fundierten Eindruck zur Preispsychologie und zeigt dabei Möglichkeiten zur weiteren Vertiefung auf.
Prejudice and Pride: Discrimination against gay people in modern Britain (Routledge Revivals)
by Bruce GallowayFirst published in 1983, Prejudice and Pride chronicles legal and social discrimination against gay people living in Britain in 1980s. The book alerts its readers to the ways in which gay men and women were treated in our society and how discrimination in each area can be tackled. The book speaks to us all, providing a blueprint for action through the 1980s. While things today might be better, the book is a reminder that the struggle for equal rights was and will continue to be long and cumbersome. The book acknowledges the action and support of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality and will be of interest to students of history, sociology, law, gender studies and sexuality studies.
Prejudice in Politics: Group Position, Public Opinion, and the Wisconsin Treaty Rights Dispute
by Mia Tuan Lawrence D. BoboThis book presents a sociological study of how and why racial prejudice against members of a minority group comes to shape what happens to important political claims and aspirations of the group. Lawrence Bobo and Mia Tuan explore a lengthy controversy surrounding the fishing, hunting, and gathering rights of the Chippewa Indians in Wisconsin. The controversy started in 1974, when two Chippewa Indians were arrested for off-reservation fishing, and persisted into the 1990s. It involved the efforts of the Chippewa to assert their traditional spearfishing rights, which met with angry, racially charged responses from whites. <P><P> Bobo and Tuan develop a "group position" perspective on racial attitudes that takes account of the complex interplay of racial stereotypes and negative group feelings as well as the vested interests, collective privileges, and political threats that form the basis of racialized political disputes. They explore whether theories that explain race politics in the case of black-white relations are applicable to understanding Indian-white relations. The book uses a carefully designed survey of public opinion to explore the dynamics of prejudice and political contestation, and to further our understanding of how and why racial prejudice enters into politics in the United States.
Prejudice, Identity and Well-Being: Voices of Diversity Among College Students
by Charles T. HillThis essential and timely text looks at the ways in which various identities are socially constructed by students, exploring and comparing multiple dimensions of diverse identities, and the various ways students try to fit in when faced with prejudice and discrimination. Based on more than 20 years of data collected from Multiple Identities Questionnaires, plus Self-Identity papers in the author’s Diverse Identities course, this book gives voice to the diverse and intersectional identities experienced by students at a formative time in their lives. Analyzing data from more than three thousand college students, the book gives a uniquely comprehensive overview of identity formation, stigma, prejudice, and discrimination, which are part of conflict around the world. Author Charles T. Hill asks to what extent the students have experienced prejudice or discrimination regarding each of their identities, their own prejudice and discrimination toward others of each identity, and the importance of each type of identity for their self-concept. Split into three sections: the first part of the book gives an overview of terminologies and theoretical concepts, the second part explores the multiple dimensions of each identity using data from the MIQ interspersed with quotes from Self-Identity papers, and the third part compares and combines the different types of identities. Introduced with a foreword by Professor Emeritus of Africana Studies James M. Jones, the book opens a space to help students and others explore their identities, realize that they are not alone in their struggles with prejudice, and accept themselves with pride in their identities. Featuring highlighted key concepts and self-reflection sections, as well as further reading, measures, and statistical results, this book is essential not only for undergraduate and graduate students in social psychology, health psychology, sociology, ethnic studies, and social work, but also for therapists, parents, teachers and practitioners running Diversity Training Programs for non-students.
Prejudice, Stigma, Privilege, and Oppression: A Behavioral Health Handbook
by Lorraine T. Benuto Akihiko Masuda Melanie P. Duckworth William O’DonohueThis book addresses the ways in which clinical psychologists ought to conceptualize and respond to the prejudice and oppression that their clients experience. Thus, the link between prejudice and oppression to psychopathology is explored. Basic scientific information about prejudice is reviewed, and the current status of the major minority groups is explored. Chapters examine the role of prejudice and oppression in institutional structures such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and professional organizations. The discussion addresses ways to assess these phenomena in individual cases and how to intervene in psychotherapy. The book ventures to evaluate the status of the profession of psychology with respect to prejudice, stigmatization, and oppression by critically examining evidence that the profession has responded adequately to these social problems. These issues are hard to talk about and are not well talked about in the field. This book is a push in the right direction.
Prejudice: Its Social Psychology
by Rupert BrownThis new edition of Prejudice provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject, introducing the major theoretical ideas as well as providing a critical analysis of recent developments. Takes a social psychological perspective, analysing individual behavior as part of a pattern of intergroup processes Covers the major research, including classical personality accounts, developmental approaches, socio-cognitive research focussing on categorization and stereotyping, prejudice as an intergroup phenomenon, and ways to combat prejudice Illustrates concepts with examples of different kinds of prejudice drawn from everyday life Includes a new chapter on prejudice from the victim's perspective Fully updated throughout, with expansion of the notions of explicit and implicit manifestations of prejudice
Prekäre Gleichstellung
by Mike Laufenberg Martina Erlemann Maria Norkus Grit PetschickDer vorliegende Band nimmt Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Gleichstellungspolitiken, strukturellen Diskriminierungsformen und prekären Arbeitsverhältnissen in der neoliberalen Hochschule in den Blick.Die Arbeits- und Lebenssituation von Wissenschaftler_innen hat sich in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten tief greifend verändert. Die fortschreitende Ökonomisierung von Hochschulen und anderen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat zu einer Zuspitzung von Wettbewerb und Konkurrenz geführt, die sich auch auf die Arbeits- und Wissenschaftskultur auswirkt. Insbesondere der akademische Mittelbau ist von einer verschärften Prekarisierung wissenschaftlicher Arbeitsverhältnisse und Laufbahnen betroffen. Zeitgleich lässt sich eine verstärkte Institutionalisierung von Gleichstellungs- und Diversitypolitiken in der Wissenschaft beobachten. Doch während an den hiesigen Universitäten heute mehr Frauen als je zuvor studieren, promovieren und wissenschaftliche Laufbahnen einschlagen, wirken strukturelle gruppenbezogene Benachteiligungen und Diskriminierungsformen fort. Die Ökonomisierung und Prekarisierung wissenschaftlicher Arbeit sowie die Thematisierung von Geschlechterungleichheit, institutionellem Rassismus und sozialer Selektivität in der Wissenschaft haben in den vergangenen Jahren als Einzelphänomene Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, wurden bislang jedoch nur selten systematisch in Bezug zueinander untersucht.Die Herausgeber_innenDr. Mike Laufenberg ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung an der Technischen Universität Berlin.Dr. Martina Erlemann ist Maria-Göppert-Mayer-Gastprofessorin für Technik & Gender an der Hochschule Emden/Leer.Maria Norkus ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Soziologie der Technischen Universität Berlin.Grit Petschick ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin.
Prekäre Intimität: Eine Ethnografie der Körperarbeit in Nagel- und Kosmetikstudios (Geschlecht und Gesellschaft #78)
by Isabel KleinDas Buch entwickelt einen affekttheoretisch informierten Begriff prekärer Intimität auf Grundlage ethnografischer Feldforschung. Intimität und intime Arbeit führen zu einer spezifischen Form der Prekarisierung, deren Konzeptualisierung auch über das untersuchte Feld hinausreicht und wichtige Impulse für die Erforschung des Wandels der Arbeits- und Geschlechterverhältnisse liefert. Mit Hinblick auf das Forschungsdesiderat sogenannter einfacher feminisierter Dienstleistungen zeigt die Autorin, dass Arbeit, die sich mit dem Lebendigen befasst, weit mehr als Care-Arbeiten umfasst; Begriffe wie „einfache” Dienstleistungen reproduzieren diesen Ausschluss und verkennen die Komplexität der verrichteten Arbeit an anderen Körpern.
Prenatal Family Dynamics: Couple and Coparenting Relationships During and Postpregnancy
by James P. McHale Regina Kuersten-HoganThis book examines family interactions and relationships during the transition to parenthood. It offers a unique integration of different lines of research on prenatal family dynamics contributed by leading family researchers in North America and Europe who use observational approaches to study emergent family processes. The book explores prenatal dynamics in diverse families, including adolescent couples, same-sex couples, couples experiencing infertility, and couples expecting their second child. The introduction, anchored in family systems and structural theories, provides an overview of challenges couples commonly experience during the transition to parenthood and details prenatal family processes that predict postpartum adjustment in families. This sets the stage for subsequent chapters by emphasizing unparalleled windows into prenatal family dynamics provided by direct observation. Initial chapters focus on predictors of prenatal interactions and partners’ representations of parenthood. Subsequent chapters describe original research on prebirth couple interactions and the coparenting relationship emerging during pregnancy. The volume includes several studies that rely on innovative research designs using observations of simulated couple encounters with their newborn, represented by a life-sized infant doll. The book concludes with a review of recent prenatal intervention programs designed to improve interpersonal and coparenting relationships of married and unmarried couples. The volume offers recommendations for future research on prenatal family dynamics, including suggestions for methodological advances, exploration of prenatal risk factors, expansion of conceptual models to incorporate culturally-meaningful coparents besides mothers and fathers, and further focus on prenatal intervention programs. This book is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians and professionals, and graduate students in the fields of infant mental health/early child development, family studies, pediatrics, developmental psychology, public health, social work, and early childhood education.
Prenatal Stress and Child Development
by Ashley Wazana Eszter Székely Tim F. OberlanderThis book examines the complex impact of prenatal stress and the mechanism of its transmission on children’s development and well-being, including prenatal programming, epigenetics, infl ammatory processes, and the brain-gut microbiome. It analyzes current findings on prenatal stressors affecting pregnancy, including preconception stress, prenatal maternal depression, anxiety, and pregnancy-specific anxieties. Chapters explore how prenatal stress affects cognitive, affective, behavioral, and neurobiological development in children while pinpointing core processes of adaptation, resilience, and interventions that may reduce negative behaviors and promote optimal outcomes in children. Th is complex perspective on mechanisms by which early environmental influences interact with prenatal programming of susceptibility aims to inform clinical strategies and future research targeting prenatal stress and its cyclical impact on subsequent generations.Key areas of coverage include:The developmental effects of prenatal maternal stress on children.Epigenetic effects of prenatal stress.Intergenerational transmission of parental early life stress.The microbiome-gut-brain axis and the effects of prenatal stress on early neurodevelopment.The effect of prenatal stress on parenting.Gestational stress and resilience.Prenatal stress and children’s sleeping behavior.Prenatal, perinatal, and population-based interventions to prevent psychopathology.Prenatal Stress and Child Development is an essential resource for researchers, professors and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and related professionals in infancy and early childhood development, maternal and child health, developmental psychology, pediatrics, social work, child and adolescent psychiatry, developmental neuroscience, and related behavioral and social sciences and medical disciplines.Excerpt from the foreword:“I would make the plea that in addition to anyone with an interest in child development, this book should be essential reading for researchers pursuing “pre-clinical, basic science models of neurodevelopment and brain health”…. This book provides what in my mind is the most advanced compilation of existing knowledge and state-of-the-art science in the field of prenatal psychiatry/psychology (and perhaps in the entire field of prenatal medicine). This volume can brilliantly serve to focus future directions in our understanding of the perinatal determinants of brain health.”Michael J MeaneyJames McGill Professor of MedicineTranslational Neuroscience Programme Adjunct Professor of Paediatrics
Preparation for Life?: Vocationalism and the Equal Opportunities Challenge (Routledge Revivals)
by Sue HeathFirst published in 1997, this volume contributes to the debate on the ground-breaking Technical and Vocational Education Initiative (TVEI) introduced by Margaret Thatcher by exploring the implications of its equal opportunities policy. The scheme was announced in 1982, piloted in 1983, extended nationally in 1987 and ended in 1997. It responded to criticisms that the education system was failing to meet the needs of employers and committed to equal opportunities for boys and girls along with increasing access to technology at the genesis of the computing era. The TVEI represented the first major intervention by central Government in curriculum development in England and was organised on a local authority level. The author, Sue Heath, had experienced mixed messages for what students of each gender could expect to achieve and she remained fascinated by the implications of the TVEI for 1980s school curriculums. Based on research begun in 1989, the volume reassesses the significance of the TEVI as a landmark policy in education. Heath examines areas including vocationalism, the issue of gender, implementing the TVEI locally, the curricular experiences of TVEI pupils and whether the TVEI succeeded in preparing students for the world of work and later life.
Preparing Antiracist Teachers: Fostering Antiracism and Equity in Teacher Preparation
by Christina L. Dobbs Christine Montecillo Leider Erin NerlinoPreparing Antiracist Teachers: Fostering Antiracism and Equity in Teacher Preparation examines multiple strategies and theories for developing antiracist attitudes and actions in teachers and teacher candidates. This textbook uses critical consciousness as a framework to help practitioners and scholars to facilitate the process of doing antiracist work.The book is divided into three sections, with Part 1 focusing on critical reflection, which refers to a social analysis and moral rejection of societal inequities, such as social, economic, racial/ethnic, and gender inequities, that constrain well-being and human agency. It shows that those who are critically reflective view social problems and inequalities in systemic terms and are therefore better able to address them. Part 2 examines sociopolitical efficacy, which refers to the perceived capacity to effect social and political change by individual and/or collective activism. Part 3 centers on critical action, that is, individual or collective action taken to change aspects of society, such as institutional policies and practices, that are perceived to be unjust. This is a broad view of activism that can include participation in activities such as voting, community organizing, and peaceful protests.Showcasing both USA-based and international case studies, Preparing Antiracist Teachers will support teacher educators in their work by presenting nuanced and important means of teacher education for antiracism and critical consciousness. It will also benefit those studying related courses, including Teacher Education, Social Justice Education, and Multicultural Education.
Preparing For Today’s Global Job Market
by Christopher Anne Robinson-easleyFrom the Lens of Color identifies and delineates a methodology for effectively positioning and/or repositioning oneself in today's global job market that moves significantly beyond strategies associated with simply developing a resume, cover letter or business plan.
Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction: Training for Success
by Kenneth Backman Melissa Hawkins Francis A McguirePreparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction: Training for Success examines established intergenerational programs and provides the training methods necessary for activity directors or practitioners to start a similar program. This book contains exercises that will help you train colleagues and volunteers for these specific programs and includes criteria for activity evaluations. Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction will help you implement programs that enable older adults to build friendships, pass down their skills and knowledge to adolescents, and provide youths with positive role models.Discussing the factors that often limit the interaction of older adults with youths, this text stresses the importance of conveying information and history to younger generations. You will learn why the exchange between different generations is crucial to society and to the improvement of the community in which you live. Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction provides you with proven suggestions and methods that will make your program successful, including: examining Howe-To Industries, a program that teaches entrepreneurial skills to youths through older adults focusing on activities between older adults and youths that address aging sensitivity and racial and ethnic understanding defining the roles of a mentor, including teacher, trainer, developer of talent, and counselor increasing support and understanding in your community by defining target markets and selling the project to the public describing the aspects of group dynamics and how group decisionmaking methods are used to assess the success of the program and its volunteers understanding the community where participants live in order to address issues important to them, such as poverty and other social problems Containing sample handouts, self-evaluations, and detailed lessons for different types of programs, this book offers you guidelines that apply to participants that have a variety of needs within different communities. Preparing Participants for Intergenerational Interaction: Training for Success will enable you to help older adults remain an active and essential part of these communities by teaching youths valuable life skills they may not receive from anyone else.