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Attitudes to Language
by Peter GarrettJust about everyone seems to have views about language. Language attitudes and language ideologies permeate our daily lives. Our competence, intelligence, friendliness, trustworthiness, social status, group memberships, and so on, are often judged from the way we communicate. Even the speed at which we speak can evoke reactions. And we often try to anticipate such judgements as we communicate. In this lively introduction, Peter Garrett draws upon research carried out over recent decades in order to discuss such attitudes and the implications they have for our use of language, for social advantage or discrimination, and for social identity. Using a range of examples that includes punctuation, words, grammar, pronunciation, accents, dialects and languages, this book explores the intricate and fascinating ways in which language influences our everyday thoughts, feelings and behaviour.
Attitudes to Psychological Stress Among Construction Professionals
by Alan PatchingThis book investigates attitudes to the avoidance and management of stress by project managers within the professional construction industry. The author argues that a widespread toxic culture belonging to the industry substantially contributes to industry stress, and analyses stress impacts among construction professionals, as well as the industry-specific causes of stress. The impacts and causes of stress of construction project managers are compared with those of other employees in the construction industry and with attitudes from across broader industry. The author concludes by establishing a leadership model for government and private organisations to effectively address a construction industry systemic problem head on.
Attitudes, Aptitudes, and Aspirations of American Youth: Implications for Military Recruitment
by National Research CouncilRecruiting an all-volunteer military is a formidable task. To successfully enlist one eligible recruit, the Army must contact approximately 120 young people. The National Research Council explores the various factors that will determine whether the military can realistically expect to recruit an adequate fighting force -- one that will meet its upcoming needs. It also assesses the military's expected manpower needs and projects the numbers of youth who are likely to be available over the next 20 years to meet these needs. With clearly written text and useful graphics, Attitudes, Aptitudes, and Aspirations of American Youth offers an overview of important issues for military recruiters, touching on a number of important topics including: sex and race, education and aptitude, physical and moral attributes, and military life and working conditions. In addition, the book looks at how a potential recruit would approach the decision to enlist, considering personal, family, and social values, and the options for other employment or college. Building on the need to increase young Americans' propensity to enlist, this book offers useful recommendations for increasing educational opportunities while in the service and for developing advertising strategies that include concepts of patriotism and duty to country. Of primary value to military policymakers, recruitment officers, and analysts, Attitudes, Aptitudes, and Aspirations of American Youth will also interest social scientists and policy makers interested in youth trends.
Attitudes, Aspirations and Welfare: Social Policy Directions in Uncertain Times
by Peter Taylor-Gooby Benjamin LeruthThis edited collection uses democratic forums to study what people want from the welfare state in five European countries. The forum method yields new insights into how people frame social issues, their priorities and acceptable solutions. This is the first time democratic forums have been used as a research tool in this field.The contributors’ research show that most people recognize growing inequality, population ageing, paying for health care and pensions, social care and immigration as areas where the welfare state faces real challenges. The most striking findings are the high level of support across all countries for social investment, and the way justifications for this vary between welfare state regimes. The authors also explore key areas such as immigration and intergenerational differences.Attitudes, Aspirations and Welfare will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines including politics, social policy and sociology, as well as policy-makers.
Attitudes, Behavior, and Social Context: The Role of Norms and Group Membership (Applied Social Research Series)
by Michael A. Hogg Deborah J. TerryThe reasons why people do not always act in accord with their attitudes has been the focus of much social psychological research, as have the factors that account for why people change their attitudes and are persuaded by such influences as the media. There is strong support for the view that attitude-behavior consistency and persuasion cannot be well understood without reference to the wider social context in which we live. Although attitudes are held by individuals, they are social products to the extent that they are influenced by social norms and the expectations of others. This book brings together an international group of researchers discussing private and public selves and their interaction through attitudes and behavior. The effects of the social context on attitude-behavior relations and persuasion is the central theme of this book, which--in its combination of theoretical exposition, critique, and empirical research--should be of interest to both basic and applied social psychologists.
Attitudes, Norms, and Beliefs Related to Assisted Reproduction Technologies among Childless Women in a Pronatalist Society (essentials)
by Ivett SzalmaThis book examines the general attitudes of childless women to assisted reproduction technologies as well as the norms and beliefs concerning partnership, age and burdens related to assisted reproduction technologies based on four focus group discussions and 32 semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The results show that there is an overall positive attitude to assisted reproduction, but that does not necessarily mean that someone would use assisted reproduction if they needed it and considerable differences in views across age groups can be found.
Attitudes: Insights from the New Implicit Measures (Key Readings In Social Psychology Ser.)
by Richard E. Petty Russell H. Fazio Pablo Bri X00F1 OlThis book tackles a subject that has captured the imagination of many researchers in the field: attitudes. Although the field has always recognized that people‘s attitudes could be assessed in different ways, from direct self-reports to disguised observations of behavior, the past decade has shown several new approaches to attitude measurement. Des
Attraction Explained: The science of how we form relationships
by Viren SwamiWhen it comes to relationships, there’s no shortage of advice from self-help ‘experts’, pick-up artists, and glossy magazines. But modern-day myths of attraction often have no basis in fact or – worse – are rooted in little more than misogyny. Based on science rather than self-help clichés, psychologist Viren Swami debunks these myths and draws on cutting-edge research to provide a ground-breaking and evidence-based account of relationship formation. At the core of this book is a very simple idea: there are no ‘laws of attraction’, no fool-proof methods or strategies for getting someone to date you. But this isn’t to say that there’s nothing to be gained from studying attraction. Based on science rather than self-help clichés, Attraction Explained looks at how factors such as geography, physical appearance, reciprocity, and similarity affect who we fall for and why. With updated statistics, this second edition also includes new content on online dating, queer relationships, racism in dating, shyness, and individual differences. It remains an engaging and accessible introduction to attraction relationship formation for professionals, students, and general readers.
Attraction Explained: The science of how we form relationships
by Viren SwamiHow much does appearance matter in the formation of romantic relationships? Do nice guys always finish last? Does playing hard-to-get ever work? What really makes for a good chat-up line? When it comes to relationships, there’s no shortage of advice from self-help ‘experts’, pick-up artists, and glossy magazines. But modern-day myths of attraction often have no basis in fact or – worse – are rooted in little more than misogyny. In Attraction Explained, psychologist Viren Swami debunks these myths and draws on cutting-edge research to provide a ground-breaking and evidence-based account of relationship formation. At the core of this book is a very simple idea: there are no ‘laws of attraction’, no foolproof methods or strategies for getting someone to date you. But this isn’t to say that there’s nothing to be gained from studying attraction. Based on science rather than self-help clichés, Attraction Explained looks at how factors such as geography, appearance, personality, and similarity affect who we fall for and why.
Attraction and Hostility: An Experimental Analysis of Interpersonal and Self Evaluation
by Albert PepitoneAttraction and hostility find expression in almost every variety of human relationship, and have consequently provided a central theme for social psychology since its beginnings. Yet attempts to conceptualize the diverse phenomena embraced in these terms have produced theories of such wide generality that they have little explanatory or predictive force. The object of the present study is to bring precision to a vast and sprawling area by setting limits and dimensions to the phenomena and investigating them experimentally on the basis of a series of hypotheses derived from a critical analysis of current conceptual approaches, including frustration, need-satisfaction, and dissonance models.The programme of experimental studies focuses on cognitive validation-a motivation to form and maintain subjectively valid evaluations of the self and the social environment-which is shown to be a common denominator of a number of attraction and hostility measures. The results throw light on reactions to boastfulness and to self-debasement; impressions of persons who are described by biased informants; effects of self-evaluation on competitiveness, and the projection of unfavourable characteristics.The interest of the study for social psychologists derives both from its theoretical integration of a wide range of behaviour and from its contribution to experimental design.
Attraktive Pflegeberufe durch Tarifautonomie: Bedingungen und Potenziale dynamischer Arbeitsbeziehungen in Zeiten des Fachkräftemangels
by Wolfgang Schroeder Saara InkinenDeutschland leidet unter einem akuten Mangel an Pflegepersonal, insbesondere im Bereich der Altenpflege. Der bestehende „Pflegenotstand" ist nicht nur eine Belastung für die Versorgung älterer Menschen, sondern verschärft zugleich die belastenden Arbeitsbedingungen, den Mangel an Anerkennung sowie den Rationalisierungsdruck im Pflegealltag. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Buch die Frage untersucht, ob und wie durch kollektive Selbstorganisation der Beschäftigten eine Verbesserung der Lage erreicht werden kann. Dabei werden neben den Präferenzen der Beschäftigten auch das Handeln der Gewerkschaften, der Arbeitgeber und des Staates in der Pflege analysiert. Das Besondere dieser Studie besteht darin, dass diese Fragen bereits einige Jahre zuvor mit dem gleichen methodischen Ansatz untersucht wurden.
Attribution Theory: Applications to Achievement, Mental Health, and Interpersonal Conflict
by Sandra Graham Valerie S. FolkesThis unusual volume begins with a historical overview of the growth of attribution theory, setting the stage for the three broad domains of application that are addressed in the remainder of the book. These include applications to: achievement strivings in the classroom and the sports domain; issues of mental health such as analyses of stress and coping and interpretations of psychotherapy; and personal and business conflict such as buyer- seller disagreement, marital discord, dissension in the workplace, and international strife. Because the chapters in Attribution Theory are more research-based than practice- oriented, this book will be of great interest and value to an audience of applied psychologists.
Attribution: An Introduction to Theories, Research and Applications (Social Psychology: A Modular Course)
by Friedrich FörsterlingAttribution concerns the scientific study of naive theories and common-sense explanations. This text provides a thorough and up-to-date introduction to the field, combining comprehensive coverage of the fundamental theoretical ideas and most significant research with an overview of more recent developments. The author begins with a broad overview of the central questions and basic assumptions of attribution research. This is followed by discussion of the ways in which causal explanations determine reactions to success or failure and how our causal explanations of other people's actions shape our behaviour toward them. The manner in which attributions may shape communication, and how people often quite indirectly communicate their beliefs about causality, is also explained. Finally, the issue of changing causal connections in training and therapy is addressed. With end of chapter summaries, further reading and exercises to illustrate key attribution phenomena, Attribution will be essential reading for students of social psychology and associated areas such as personality, educational, organisational and clinical psychology.
Au Pairs' Lives in Global Context: Sisters or Servants? (Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship)
by R. CoxFar from being the preserve of middle-class women from Northern Europe, au pairing is now booming worldwide. This collection, the first dedicated entirely to examining the lives of au pairs, traces their experiences across five continents showing how this form of domestic labour and childcare is thriving in the twenty-first century.
Audience Development and Cultural Policy (New Directions in Cultural Policy Research)
by Steven HadleyEncouraging more – and different – people to attend the arts remains a vital issue for the cultural sector. The question of who consumes culture, and why, is key to our understanding of the arts. This book examines the relationship of audience development to cultural policy and offers a ground-breaking perspective on how the practice of audience development is connected to ideas of democratic access to culture. Providing a detailed overview of arts marketing, audience development and cultural democracy, the book argues that the work of audience development has been profoundly misunderstood by the field of arts management. Drawing from a rich range of interviews with key individuals in the audience development field, the book argues for a re-conceptualisation of audience development as an ideological function of cultural policy. Of importance for students, academics and researchers working in arts management and cultural policy, the book is also vital reading for anyone working in the arts, cultural and heritage sectors with an interest in understanding how our relationship with the audience has been constructed.
Audience: Marketing in the Age of Subscribers, Fans and Followers
by Jeffrey K. RohrsProprietary audience development is now a core marketing responsibility.Every company needs audiences to survive. They are where you find new customers and develop more profitable relationships. And yet, most companies today treat their email, mobile, and social media audiences like afterthoughts instead of the corporate assets they are. With AUDIENCE, Jeff Rohrs seeks to change this dynamic through adoption of The Audience Imperative. This powerful mandate challenges all companies to use their paid, owned, and earned media to not only sell in the short-term but also increase the size, engagement, and value of their proprietary audiences over the long-term. As content marketing professionals have discovered, the days of "build it and they will come" are long gone. If you're looking for a way to gain a lasting advantage over your competition, look no further and start building your email, Facebook, Google, Instagram, mobile app, SMS, Twitter, website, and YouTube audiences to last.
Audiovisual Tourism Promotion: A Critical Overview
by Alfio Leotta Diego BonelliThis book deploys the concept of ‘audiovisual tourism promotion’ to account for the promotional functions performed by a vast array of diverse media texts including tourism films, feature films, digital videos conceived for online circulation, video games and TV commercials. From this point of view, this volume fills a major gap in the literature by providing the first comprehensive critical overview of audiovisual tourism promotion as a distinct media field. In this book, the study of audiovisual tourism promotion is characterised by an interdisciplinary approach which combines film studies, media studies, human geography, sociology, tourism studies, history, postcolonial and gender studies. This book will appeal to a wide range of students and scholars from different disciplines.
Audiovisuelle Wissenschaftskommunikation auf YouTube: Eine Rezeptionsstudie zur Vermittlungsleistung von Wissenschaftsvideos
by Hans-Jürgen Bucher Bettina Boy Katharina ChristMit dem Internet ist ein Kommunikationsraum für Wissenschaftskommunikation entstanden, in dem neben WissenschaftlerInnen und JournalistInnen auch wissenschaftliche Laien teilweise mit großer Reichweite Videos verbreiten. Das Buch präsentiert Befunde einer empirischen Studie, in der mit drei Teilstudien die Vermittlungsleistung von Wissenschaftsvideos und die Auswirkungen dieser medialen Entgrenzung der Wissenschaftskommunikation untersucht werden: in einer Typologie werden die Wissenschaftsvideos systematisiert, eine Rezeptionsstudie ermittelt deren Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung und Wissenstransfer und eine Interaktionsanalyse untersucht die YouTube-spezifische Anschlusskommunikation an die Videos.
Audit Studies: Behind the Scenes with Theory, Method, and Nuance (Methodos Ser. #14)
by S. Michael GaddisThis book offers practical instruction on the use of audit studies in the social sciences. It features essays from sociologists, economists, and other experts who have employed this powerful and flexible tool. Readers will learn how to implement an audit study to examine a variety of questions in their own research. The essays first discuss situations where audit studies are the most effective. These tools allow researchers to make strong causal claims and explore questions that are often difficult to answer with observational data. Audit studies also stand as the single best way to conduct research on discrimination. The authors highlight what these studies have uncovered about labor market processes in the past decade. The next section gives some guidance on how to design an audit study. The essays cover the difficult task of getting a study through an institutional review board, the technical setup of matching procedures, and statistical power and analysis techniques. The last part focuses on more advanced aspects. Coverage includes understanding context, what variables may signal, and the use of technology. The book concludes with a discussion of challenges and limitations with an eye towards the future of audit studies.“Field experiments studying and testing for housing and labor market discrimination have, rightly, become the dominant mode of discrimination-related research in economics and sociology. This book brings together a number of interesting and useful perspectives on these field experiments. Many different kinds of readers will find it valuable, ranging from those interested in getting an overview of the evidence, to researchers looking for guidance on the nuts and bolts of conducting these complex experiments.”David Neumark, Chancellor’s Professor of Economics at the University of California – Irvine“For decades, researchers have used experimental audit studies to uncover discrimination in a variety of markets. Although this approach has become more popular in recent years, few publications provide detailed information on the design and implementation of the method. This volume provides the first deep examination of the audit method, with details on the practical, political, analytical, and theoretical considerations of this research. Social scientists interested in consuming or contributing to this literature will find this volume immensely useful.” Devah Pager, Professor of Sociology and Public Policy at Harvard University
Auditing Organizational Communication: A Handbook of Research, Theory and Practice
by Owen Hargie Dennis TourishAuditing Organizational Communication is a thoroughly revised and updated new edition of the successful Handbook of Communication Audits for Organizations, which has established itself as a core text in the field of organizational communication. Research studies consistently show the importance of effective communication for business success. They also underscore the necessity for organizations to put in place validated techniques to enable them to systematically measure and monitor their communications. This Handbook equips readers with the vital analytic tools required to conduct such assessments. Owen Hargie, Dennis Tourish and distinguished contributors drawn from both industry and academia: provide a comprehensive analysis of research, theory and practice pertaining to the communication audit approach review the main options confronting organizations embarking on audit discuss the merits and demerits of the approaches available provide case studies of the communication audit process in action illustrate how findings can be interpreted so that suitable recommendations can be framed outline how reports emanating from such audits should be constructed. This second edition arrives at a time of considerable growing interest in the area. A large volume of research has been published since the last edition of the book, and the text has been comprehensively updated by reviewing this wealth of data. In addition, new chapters on social network analysis and auditing the communication revolution have been added, together with new case study chapters illustrating audits in action.
Auf dem Weg zum informierten Bürger: Die Nachrichtennutzung von Jugendlichen aus Entwicklungsperspektive
by Katharina Emde-LachmundDas Buch beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung der Nachrichtennutzung von Jugendlichen in der frühen bis mittleren Adoleszenz. Im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Herangehensweise werden dazu Ansätze aus der Kommunikationswissenschaft, der Entwicklungspsychologie und der politischen Sozialisationsforschung integriert. Anhand einer längsschnittlichen Untersuchung mit N = 343 Schülerinnen und Schüler werden anschließend unterschiedliche Entwicklungsverläufe nachgezeichnet und durch entwicklungspsychologische und sozialisatorische Einflussfaktoren erklärt. Dabei zeigt sich insbesondere eine enge Verknüpfung zwischen politischen Explorationsprozessen und der Entwicklung der Nachrichtennutzung.
Auf dem Weg zur Führungskraft: Die innere Haltung entwickeln
by Anke LüneburgUnternehmen in der digitalisierten Welt brauchen ebenso gut ausgebildete Führungskräfte wie gute Fachkräfte. In diesem Buch wird erstmalig ein zweijähriges Ausbildungsmodell für den Führungsnachwuchs 4.0 vorgestellt, das die Entwicklung zur selbstverantwortlichen Persönlichkeit zum Ziel hat. Anke Lüneburg zeigt verschiedene Wege, sich durch Coaching selbst führen zu lernen, Potenziale zu aktivieren und Werte wie Vertrauen, Respekt für Andersartigkeit, Klarheit und Freiheit als Führungsziel zu entwickeln. So entsteht ein persönliches Führungsprofil, verstärkt durch Wissen über Menschen und Organisationen. Unternehmen profitieren von Führungskräften mit starker Haltung durch erhöhte Mitarbeiterbindung, verbesserte Entscheidungswege und damit verbesserter Produktivität und Rendite.
Auf der Suche nach dem katholischen Arbeitermädchen vom Lande: Religion und Bildungserfolg im regionalen, historischen und internationalen Vergleich
by Marcel Helbig Thorsten SchneiderBeeinflussen Religionen und Religionsgemeinschaften - vermittelt über Lebensführung, Werthaltungen, Minderheitenstatus, gemeinschaftliche Aktivitäten und Ressourcen - den Bildungserfolg von Kindern in industrialisierten Gesellschaften? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen knüpfen die Autoren unter anderem an die in den Nachkriegsjahren in Westdeutschland geführten Diskussionen zum katholischen Bildungsdefizit und zur Kunstfigur des ,,katholischen Arbeitermädchens vom Lande" sowie an amerikanische Studien zur Bedeutung von Aktivitäten in Religionsgemeinschaften für die Generierung von Sozialkapital an. In dem Buch werden neue Analysen zu den 1960er Jahren in Westdeutschland, aktuelle Befunde zu Deutschland und Ergebnisse zu 19 europäischen Ländern präsentiert. Das Buch enthält somit eine umfassende Analyse zum Zusammenhang von Religion und Bildung und räumt dabei auch mit einigen Mythen dieser Forschungsrichtung auf.
Auf der Suche nach dem „Dialog“: Eine ethnografische Studie zum Dialogischen Lernen in der Grundschule (Rekonstruktive Bildungsforschung #49)
by Claudia GlotzGut gemeinte theoretische Abhandlung oder unmittelbare Bereicherung für die Praxis? Für Lehrer*innen steht eine Vielzahl von didaktischen Vorschlägen zur Strukturierung des Unterrichts zur Verfügung. Ein Beispiel ist das Dialogische Lernen nach Urs Ruf und Peter Gallin. Claudia Glotz rekonstruierte in ihrer ethnographisch angelegten Studie die Umsetzung des Konzepts im Unterrichtsalltag. Dabei analysierte sie aus Sicht der Lehrpersonen und Lernenden sowohl Potentiale als auch Grenzen dieser Umsetzung. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich direkt mit der Unterrichtspraxis verknüpfen und regen zum Nachdenken über das eigene Handeln an.
Aufführen – Aufzeichnen – Anordnen
by Monika Ankele Céline Kaiser Sophie LedeburAufführen, Aufzeichnen und Anordnen sind Kernoperationen von Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, deren Zusammenspiel die Beiträge dieses Bandes reflektieren. Aus der Art und Weise wie und auf welchen Ebenen diese Praktiken ineinandergreifen und sich wechselweise bedingen, ergeben sich neue Einsichten in eine Mediengeschichte von Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Neben Beiträgen von PraktikerInnen versammelt der Band Forschungsansätze der Arts-based inquiry ebenso wie medizin- und wissenshistorische, kultur-, literatur- und medienwissenschaftliche Perspektiven. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, theoretische Fragestellungen anhand historischer Fallanalysen zu erörtern und Verbindungen zu aktuellen Forschungsfragen zu schlagen.