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Spy Plane: Inside Baltimore's Surveillance Experiment
by Benjamin H. SnyderAn exclusive behind-the-scenes look at one of America’s most controversial experiments in police surveillance. In 2020, the Baltimore Police Department had an aerial surveillance plane that could supposedly photograph and track every person in public view. Spy Plane reveals what happened with this controversial policing experiment. Drawing from incredible access and direct observations inside the for-profit tech startup that ran the program for Baltimore detectives, sociologist Benjamin H. Snyder recounts real criminal cases as they were worked by police using this untested tool. Deploying aircraft with powerful cameras built by a small company called Persistent Surveillance Systems, the spy plane program promised to help police "solve otherwise unsolvable crimes" by tracking the whereabouts of suspects in violent crime cases. Created for the battlefields of Iraq, it had never been adapted on so large a scale in a U.S. city. This riveting book gives an unprecedented look inside the shadowy world of for-profit law enforcement technology experiments, explaining why police and community leaders place so much faith in unproven technology to fix the problem of urban violence but continually come up short.
SQA Higher Physical Education
by Aaron AndersonExam board: SQALevel: HigherSubject: Physical EducationFirst teaching: September 2018First exams: Summer 2019Perform to the very best of your ability in Higher PE as you master the theory and overcome the challenges of the exam.This highly visual textbook contains dozens of diagrams that make it easier to understand and remember the content.> Be guided through each area of the course. All the mandatory knowledge, skills and specification points are structured into a logical sequence for students and teachers> Get to grips with the command words. Find out what each of the five command words is asking you to do and then use the strategies provided to answer questions across each area of the course> Learn through practice. Enjoy an active approach to theory, applying and developing your knowledge through lots of dynamic and varied tasks, rather than lots of reading> Feel confident about the exam. Tips throughout the book explain how to answer questions effectively. End-of-chapter exam-style questions and two practice papers help you to revise and prepare for the exam> Check your understanding. Over 30 pages of detailed answers for all tasks, exam-style questions and practice papers are included at the back of the book, to support independent learningThe book concludes with a special chapter for teachers, which provides ideas for fun, interactive teaching strategies that are based on the latest pedagogical research into retrieval practice, cooperative learning and active learning.
SQA Higher Physical Education
by Aaron AndersonExam board: SQALevel: HigherSubject: Physical EducationFirst teaching: September 2018First exams: Summer 2019Perform to the very best of your ability in Higher PE as you master the theory and overcome the challenges of the exam.This highly visual textbook contains dozens of diagrams that make it easier to understand and remember the content.> Be guided through each area of the course. All the mandatory knowledge, skills and specification points are structured into a logical sequence for students and teachers> Get to grips with the command words. Find out what each of the five command words is asking you to do and then use the strategies provided to answer questions across each area of the course> Learn through practice. Enjoy an active approach to theory, applying and developing your knowledge through lots of dynamic and varied tasks, rather than lots of reading> Feel confident about the exam. Tips throughout the book explain how to answer questions effectively. End-of-chapter exam-style questions and two practice papers help you to revise and prepare for the exam> Check your understanding. Over 30 pages of detailed answers for all tasks, exam-style questions and practice papers are included at the back of the book, to support independent learningThe book concludes with a special chapter for teachers, which provides ideas for fun, interactive teaching strategies that are based on the latest pedagogical research into retrieval practice, cooperative learning and active learning.
Squatters and the Politics of Marginality in Uruguay
by María José Álvarez-RivadullaThis book unveils the political economy of land squatting in a third world city, Montevideo, in Uruguay. It focuses on the effects of democratization on the mobilization of the poorest as well as on the role played by different types of brokers, from radical Catholic priests to local leaders embedded in political networks. Through a multi-method endeavour that combines ethnography, historical sources, and quantitative time series, the author reconstructs the history of the informal city since the late 1940s to the present. From a social movements/contentious politics perspective, the book challenges the assumption that socioeconomic factors such as poverty were the only causes triggering land squatting.
Squatters in the Capitalist City: Housing, Justice, and Urban Politics (Housing and Society Series)
by Miguel MartinezTo date, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the disperse research on the squatters’ movement in Europe. In Squatters in the Capitalist City, Miguel A. Martínez López presents a critical review of the current research on squatting and of the historical development of the movements in European cities according to their major social, political and spatial dimensions. Comparing cities, contexts, and the achievements of the squatters’ movements, this book presents the view that squatting is not simply a set of isolated, illegal and marginal practices, but is a long-lasting urban and transnational movement with significant and broad implications. While intersecting with different housing struggles, squatters face various aspects of urban politics and enhance the content of the movements claiming for a ‘right to the city.’ Squatters in the Capitalist City seeks to understand both the socio-spatial and political conditions favourable to the emergence and development of squatting, and the nature of the interactions between squatters, authorities and property owners by discussing the trajectory, features and limitations of squatting as a potential radicalisation of urban democracy.
Squeezed: Why Our Families Can't Afford America
by Alissa QuartOne of TIME’s Best New Books to Read This Summer“Brilliant—a keen, elegantly written, and scorching account of the American family today. Through vivid stories, sharp analysis and wit, Quart anatomizes the middle class’s fall while also offering solutions and hope.” — Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Nickel and DimedFamilies today are squeezed on every side—from high childcare costs and harsh employment policies to workplaces without paid family leave or even dependable and regular working hours. Many realize that attaining the standard of living their parents managed has become impossible.Alissa Quart, executive editor of the Economic Hardship Reporting Project, examines the lives of many middle-class Americans who can now barely afford to raise children. Through gripping firsthand storytelling, Quart shows how our country has failed its families. Her subjects—from professors to lawyers to caregivers to nurses—have been wrung out by a system that doesn’t support them, and enriches only a tiny elite.Interlacing her own experience with close-up reporting on families that are just getting by, Quart reveals parenthood itself to be financially overwhelming, except for the wealthiest. She offers real solutions to these problems, including outlining necessary policy shifts, as well as detailing the DIY tactics some families are already putting into motion, and argues for the cultural reevaluation of parenthood and caregiving. Writtenin the spirit of Barbara Ehrenreich and Jennifer Senior, Squeezed is an eye-opening page-turner. Powerfully argued, deeply reported, and ultimately hopeful, it casts a bright, clarifying light on families struggling to thrive in an economy that holds too few options. It will make readers think differently about their lives and those of their neighbors.
Squirrel Hill: The Tree of Life Synagogue Shooting and the Soul of a Neighborhood
by Mark OppenheimerA piercing portrait of the struggles and triumphs of one of America's renowned Jewish neighborhoods in the wake of unspeakable tragedy that highlights the hopes, fears, and tensions all Americans must confront on the road to healing.Squirrel Hill, Pittsburgh, is one of the oldest Jewish neighborhoods in the country, known for its tight-knit community and the profusion of multigenerational families. On October 27, 2018, a gunman killed eleven Jews who were worshipping at the Tree of Life synagogue in Squirrel Hill--the most deadly anti-Semitic attack in American history. Many neighborhoods would be understandably subsumed by despair and recrimination after such an event, but not this one. Mark Oppenheimer poignantly shifts the focus away from the criminal and his crime, and instead presents the historic, spirited community at the center of this heartbreak. He speaks with residents and nonresidents, Jews and gentiles, survivors and witnesses, teenagers and seniors, activists and historians. Together, these stories provide a kaleidoscopic and nuanced account of collective grief, love, support, and revival. But Oppenheimer also details the difficult dialogue and messy confrontations that Squirrel Hill had to face in the process of healing, and that are a necessary part of true growth and understanding in any community. He has reverently captured the vibrancy and caring that still characterize Squirrel Hill, and it is this phenomenal resilience that can provide inspiration to any place burdened with discrimination and hate.
Sri Aurobindo at 150: An Integral Vision of Evolution, Human Unity, and Peace (Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures #40)
by Debidatta A. MahapatraThis book brings to focus one of the prominent 20th century Indian thinkers, Sri Aurobindo, by providing an overview of his philosophy on life and yoga, and by elucidating his thought in the context of contemporary society. This text is unique in approaching Sri Aurobindo as a problem solver and from a conflict resolution perspective, the latter being the author’s expertise. Sri Aurobindo’s contributions such as Ideal of Human Unity, Integral Yoga, Life Divine and his poetic vision as embodied in his epic poem, Savitri, are explored in-depth. The book explores these ideas to seek possible solutions to the current predicaments of human life and society. This monograph attracts not only students and researchers in the fields of philosophy, religion, yoga, political science, international politics, Indian thought, and conflict resolution, but also general interest readers.
St. Clair
by Anthony WallaceLocated near the southern edge of the Pennsylvania anthracite, the town of St. Clair in the early half of the 19th century seemed to be perfectly situated to provide fuel to the iron and steel industry that was the heart of the Industrial Revolution in America. It was a time of unprecedented promise and possibility for the region, and yet, in the years between 1830 and 1880, only grandiose illusions flourished there. St. Clair itself succumbed early on to a devastating economic blight, one that would in time affect anthracite mining everywhere. In this dramatic work of social history, Anthony F. C. Wallace re-creates St. Clair in those years when expectations collided with reality, when the coal trade was in chronic distress, exacerbated by the epic battles between the forces of labor and capital. As he did in his Bancroft Prize-winning Rockdale, Wallace uses public records and private papers to reconstruct the operation of an anthracite colliery and the life of a working-man’s town totally dependent upon it. He describes the labor hierarchy of the collieries, the communal spirit that sprang up in the outlying mine patches, the polyglot immigrant life in the taverns and churchs, and the workingmen’s societies that provided identity to the miners and gave relief to families in distress. He examines the birth of the first effective miners’ union and documents the escalating antagonism between Irish immigrant workers—mostly Catholic—and the Protestant middle classes who owned the collieries. Wallace reveals the blindness, greed, and self-congratulation of the mine owners and operators. These “heroes” of the entrepreneurial wars disregarded geologists’ warnings that the coal seams south of St. Clair were virtually inaccessible and, at best, extremely costly to mine, and then blamed their economic woes on the lack of a high tariff on imported British iron. To cut costs, they ignored the most basic and safety engineering practices and then blamed “the careless miner” and “Irish hooligans” for the catastrophic accidents that resulted. In thrall to a great dream of wealth and power, they plunged ahead to bankruptcy while the miners paid with their lives. St. Clair is a rich and illuminating work of scholarship—an engrossing portrait of a disaster-prone industry (a portrait that stands as a sober warning to the nuclear-power industry) and of the tragic hubris of a ruling class that brough ruin upon a Pennsylvania coal town at a crucial moment in its history.
St. Francis of America
by Patricia AppelbaumHow did a thirteenth-century Italian friar become one of the best-loved saints in America? Around the nation today, St. Francis of Assisi is embraced as the patron saint of animals, beneficently presiding over hundreds of Blessing of the Animals services on October 4, St. Francis's Catholic feast day. Not only Catholics, however, but Protestants and other Christians, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, and nonreligious Americans commonly name him as one of their favorite spiritual figures. Drawing on a dazzling array of art, music, drama, film, hymns, and prayers, Patricia Appelbaum explains what happened to make St. Francis so familiar and meaningful to so many Americans. Appelbaum traces popular depictions and interpretations of St. Francis from the time when non-Catholic Americans "discovered" him in the nineteenth century to the present. From poet to activist, 1960s hippie to twenty-first-century messenger to Islam, St. Francis has been envisioned in ways that might have surprised the saint himself. Exploring how each vision of St. Francis has been shaped by its own era, Appelbaum reveals how St. Francis has played a sometimes countercultural but always aspirational role in American culture. St. Francis's American story also displays the zest with which Americans borrow, lend, and share elements of their religious lives in everyday practice.
St. Louis School Desegregation: Patterns of Progress and Peril (Historical Studies in Education)
by Hope C. RiasThis book examines the history of the school desegregation movement in St. Louis, Missouri. Underlining the 2014 killing of Michael Brown as a catalyst for re-examination of school desegregation, Rias delves into the connection between contemporary school segregation and social justice, probing the ways that “soft racism”—a term the author uses to describe the non-violent, yet equally harmful, types of protests that opponents of desegregation utilized—has permeated St. Louis since the days of Brown v. Board of Education. The chapters feature the voices of those who were central to the desegregation fight in St. Louis, showing how the devastating effects of school segregation and soft racism linger today.
St Petersburg and the Russian Court, 1703–1761
by Paul KeenanThis book focuses on the city of St Petersburg, the capital of the Russian empire from the early eighteenth century until the fall of the Romanov dynasty in 1917. It uses the Russian court as a prism through which to view the various cultural changes that were introduced in the city during the eighteenth century.
Staatsbürgerschaftserwerb in Österreich: Eine qualitative Untersuchung der Gründe für die Annahme der Staatsbürgerschaft (BestMasters)
by Sarah EbnerDieses Buch beinhaltet eine qualitative Studie mit dem Ziel herauszufinden, weshalb Migrant*innen die österreichische Staatsbürgerschaft annehmen oder ablehnen. Untersucht wurden die drei größten Migrant*innengruppen in Österreich (Deutschland, Türkei, Ex-Jugoslawien). Dabei konnten zahlreiche Motive extrahiert werden, welche zum Teil sehr nationenspezifisch sind. Das Buch beinhaltet nicht nur eine umfangreiche Auseinandersetzung mit der Staatsbürgerschaftsthematik im Allgemeinen, sondern verweist ebenso auf nationale Staatsbürgerschaftsregime. Aufgrund dessen setzt die Autorin sich auch mit der Frage auseinander, welche politischen Folgen sich für das Individuum ergeben, wenn diese nicht die Staatsbürgerschaft des Landes besitzen, in welchem sie leben. Auch Themen wie Identität, Diskriminierung und deren Zusammenhang mit fehlender Staatsbürgerschaft werden thematisiert.
Stabile UnGleichheiten: Eine praxeologische Sozialstrukturanalyse
by Christoph WeischerDas Buch befasst sich mit Praktiken und Strukturen, die soziale Ungleichheiten hervorbringen und reproduzieren. Es wird ein theoretisches Konzept entwickelt, das verschiedene Ansätze (Sozialstrukturanalyse, intersektionale Forschung, Lebensverlaufsforschung, Migrationsforschung, Sozialgeschichte) zusammenführt und zeigt, wie positions- und lagespezifische Ungleichheiten mit Prozessen des Othering verwoben sind. Auf dieser Basis wird zum einen die längerfristige Genese sozialer Ungleichheiten seit dem 19. Jahrhundert analysiert; zum anderen wird ein Bild der Ungleichheiten in der transformierten Industriegesellschaft der letzten Jahrzehnte gezeichnet.
The Stability of Society (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #113)
by Erik W. AslaksenIn this book, Erik W. Aslaksen builds on the view and model of society introduced in The Social Bond (Springer 2018), which portrays society as an information-processing system, and as both the result of the information and of the environment in which the information processing takes place. The processing power is provided by the individual, but is also greatly enhanced by the interaction between individuals, forming the collective intelligence that drives the evolution of society. In particular, this book focuses on the stability of that evolution, an issue that is of increasing concern given the current polarisation of the world society, both politically and economically, and the resultant interference in the operation of the collective intelligence. When we approach society as a genus and its evolution as a sequence of species, such as the family, clan, fiefdom, kingdom, and nation-state, the development of the next species – the world society – is now being thwarted by the desire of a minority to maintain a hegemonial position that resulted from a singularity in the process.
Stadium Worlds: Football, Space and the Built Environment (Architext)
by Sybille FrankAnalyzing football as a cultural practice, this book investigates the connection between the sport and its built environment. Four thematic sections bring together an international multi-disciplinary range of perspectives with particular focus on the stadium. Examples from architectural design, media studies and archaeology are used while studying advertising, economics, migration, fandom, local identities, emotions, gender, and the sociology of space. Texts and case-studies build up this useful book for lecturers and researchers in sociology, cultural studies, geography, architecture, sport and environment.
Stadt. Raum. Institution
by Daniela Hunold Eva Brauer Tamara DangelmaierAn der Strukturierung der Stadt nach neoliberalen und auf Standortvorteile abzielende Marktmechanismen sind viele verschiedene Akteur:innen, Behörden, Institutionen und „beschwerdemächtige“ Interessengruppen beteiligt. Auf der Grundlage von Theorien zu sozialen bzw. relationalen Räumen, die der bloßen Vorstellung von Raum als feste Größe, als Container, in dem sozialen Prozesse lediglich verortet werden, den Rücken kehren, soll in den Beiträgen des Bandes nach den räumlichen Praxen, den Wissensbeständen und Diskursen über Räume und damit nach den Konstitutionen von Raum gefragt werden, die in der Stadt wirksam werden und städtische Inklusions- sowie Exklusionsmechanismen produzieren.
Stadt und Gesellschaft im Fokus aktueller Stadtforschung
by Antje FladeIm vorliegenden Buch befassen sich Stadtforscherinnen und Stadtforscher aus den Bereichen Geschichte, Geografie, Soziologie, Stadtplanung, Ökologie, Psychologie und Medienwissenschaft mit Fragen zur Stadt. Durch die unterschiedlichen fachlichen Perspektiven entsteht ein ganzheitlicher Blick auf die Stadt mitsamt ihren aktuellen Problemen und Herausforderungen. Städte sind Lebensräume des Menschen, von ihm selbst geschaffene gebaute Umwelten, die zugleich etwas über die herrschenden politischen Systeme und gesellschaftliche Wertvorstellungen und Verhältnisse aussagen. Viele Fragen knüpfen an die charakteristischen Merkmale von Städten an: das Zusammentreffen vieler Menschen, die hohe soziale und bauliche Dichte sowie die zunehmende Heterogenität der städtischen Bevölkerung.
Stadtforschung: Gegenstand und Methoden
by Frank EckardtDas Lehrbuch wendet sich an Studierende der Architektur, Stadtplanung, Urbanistik, Kunst und Kulturwissenschaften. Es soll den Studierenden ermöglichen, für ihr Studium und ihre Studienprojekte eine theoretische und methodische Grundlage zur Hand zu haben. Dabei soll einerseits ein Übersichtswissen vermittelt werden, in welcher Weise unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen aus den Sozialwissenschaften genutzt werden können, um konkrete Probleme in Städten in einer systematischen und realistischen Weise zu untersuchen. Andererseits wird das Buch zu grundlegenden Fragestellungen der Stadtforschung Positionen vermitteln, die zu einem besseren interdisziplinären Verständnis führen sollen.
Stadtgeographie: Aktuelle Themen und Ansätze
by Yvonne Franz Anke StrüverStädte sind Gamechanger globaler wie lokaler Veränderungsprozesse geworden. Ob Klimakrise, Mobilitäts- und Energiewende, Digitalisierung oder demographischer Wandel – Städte sind nicht nur Orte, an denen diese Themen stattfinden, sie versprechen oftmals auch die notwendigen Hebelwirkungen, um Wandel, Wende und Transformation zu verorten und umzusetzen. Das im Jahr 2007 eingeläutete „urbane Zeitalter“ benennt einen zentralen globalen Wendepunkt: Weltweit leben mehr Einwohner*innen in Städten als in ländlich-peripheren Räumen.Dieser Band zeigt die Stadt als Ermöglichungsraum für gesellschaftliche Veränderung auf. Das Lehrbuch ist explizit mit interdisziplinärer Betrachtungsweise raumrelevanter Gesellschaftsprozesse konzipiert. Es erweitert die Stadtgeographie und versteht sich als Plädoyer für ein gleichermaßen komplexes wie relationales und prozessuales Denken in der stadtgeographischen Lehre und Forschung.Folgende aktuelle Themen und Ansätze der Stadtgeographie werden anhand vielschichtiger und kritischer Fragen behandelt:Welche gesellschaftlichen Alltagspraktiken prägen aktuell städtisches Zusammenleben, welche werden dominant, welche bleiben unsichtbar?Wie und wodurch findet Aneignung im urbanen Raum statt – und wer ist davon ausgeschlossen?Wie gelingt Teilhabe in der Stadt und welche Rolle spielen Infrastrukturen wie Wohnraum, Frei- und Grünräume, Verkehr und Digitalisierung?Dieses Lehrbuch unterstützt Studierende der Geographie und der sozialwissenschaftlichen Nachbardisziplinen auf Einsteiger*innen- als auch Fortgeschrittenenniveau in der Auseinandersetzung mit stadtrelevanten Themen.
Staff Appraisal and Development (Routledge Library Editions: Human Resource Management)
by Edgar Anstey Clive Fletcher James WalkerOrganisations of all kinds have invested a great deal of time and effort in staff appraisal and management development, continually re-defining their aims and methods. This book, first published in 1976, reviews the progress made by 17 organisations in both public and private sectors. It presents the findings of an extensive series of research studies that assess the effectiveness of appraisal interviews and identify the factors contributing to their success or failure. Looking beyond appraisal, further measures needed to increase job satisfaction and efficiency are outlined. These include more systematic career development plans for all staff and fresh initiatives to secure their more active participation in the appraisal process. This title will be of interest to those who are concerned in management, and those studying business studies and human resource management.
Staff Reporting and Staff Development (Routledge Library Editions: Human Resource Management)
by E. AnsteyThis book, first published in 1961, considers the schemes based on various combinations of written reports and interviews in staff appraisal and development. It also discusses the mutual responsibilities of staff and management, and the objectives of staff assessment. This title will be of interest to students of business studies and human resource management.
The Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure
by Brian SkyrmsBrian Skyrms' study of ideas of cooperation and collective action explores the implications of a prototypical story found in Rousseau's A Discourse on Inequality. It is therein that Rousseau contrasts the pay-off of hunting hare (where the risk of non-cooperation is small and the reward equally small) against the pay-off of hunting the stag (where maximum cooperation is required but the reward is much greater. ) Thus, rational agents are pulled in one direction by considerations of risk and in another by considerations of mutual benefit. Written with Skyrms' characteristic clarity and verve, The Stage Hunt will be eagerly sought by readers who enjoyed his earlier work Evolution of the Social Contract. Brian Skyrms, distinguished Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science and Economics at the University of California at Irvine and director of its interdisciplinary program in history and philosophy of science, has published widely in the areas of inductive logic, decision theory, rational deliberation and causality. Seminal works include Evolution of the Social Contract (Cambridge, 1996), The Dynamics of Rational Deliberation (Harvard, 1990), Pragmatics and Empiricism (Yale, 1984), and Causal Necessity (Yale, 1980).
Staging Dissent: Young Women of Color and Transnational Activism
by Lisa WeemsStaging Dissent: Young Women of Color and Transnational Activism seeks to interrupt normative histories of girlhood dominated by North American contexts and Western feminisms to offer an alternative history of girlhoods produced by and through globalization. Weems does this by offering three case studies that exemplify how transnational and indigenous youth dissent against capitalism and colonialism through situated "guerilla pedagogies."
Staging Mobilities (International Library of Sociology)
by Ole B. JensenIn recent years, the social sciences have taken a ‘mobilities turn’. There has been a developing realisation that mobilities do not ‘just happen’. Mobilities are carefully and meticulously designed, planned and staged (from above). However, they are equally importantly acted out, performed and lived as people are ‘staging themselves’ (from below). Staging mobilities is a dynamic process between ‘being staged’ (for example, being stopped at traffic lights) and the ‘mobile staging’ of interacting individuals (negotiating a passage on the pavement). Staging Mobilities is about the fact that mobility is more than movement between point A and B. It explores how the movement of people, goods, information, and signs influences human understandings of self, other and the built environment. Moving towards a new understanding of the relationship between movement, interaction and environments, the book asks: what are the physical, social, technical, and cultural conditions to the staging of contemporary urban mobilities? Jensen argues that we need to understand the contemporary city as an assemblage of circulating people, goods, information and signs in relational networks creating the ‘meaning of movement’. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of sociology, urban studies, mobility studies, architecture and cultural studies.