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Measurement of Human Locomotion
by Vladimir MedvedThe importance of measurements for the proper assessment of human locomotion is increasingly being recognized. The fields of application encompass both healthy and pathological locomotion as encountered in rehabilitation medicine, orthopedics, kinesiology, sports medicine, and the like. Measurement of Human Locomotion provides an up-to-date des
Measuring Leg Stiffness During Vertical Jumps: Theory and Methods
by Artur StruzikThis book presents a thorough description and critical discussion of different approaches to measuring leg stiffness during vertical jumps, as well as practical applications. Various topics covered include the applicability of the spring-mass (linear) model of the human motion system, leg stiffness controversies and interpretations, and computational and measuring methods of leg stiffness during vertical jumps. Additionally, a description of a research project performed expressly for inclusion in this book is given; the study aims to determine normative values for leg stiffness for young, healthy, non-athletes during single vertical jumps to maximal and specific heights. A final chapter covers additional perspectives, enabling the reader to acquire different perspectives on measuring leg stiffness during vertical jumps across a breadth of information and interpretations.Measuring Leg Stiffness During Vertical Jumps: Theory and Methods is an ideal book for researchers and practitioners in the fields of biomedical engineering, biomechanics, and sport sciences.
Meat Eater: Adventures from the Life of an American Hunter
by Steven RinellaAn exploration of humanity's oldest pursuit and its relevance today Steven Rinella grew up in Twin Lake, Michigan, the son of a hunter who taught his three sons to love the natural world the way he did. As a child, Rinella devoured stories of the American wilderness, especially the exploits of his hero, Daniel Boone. He began fishing at the age of three and shot his first squirrel at eight and his first deer at thirteen. He chose the colleges he went to by their proximity to good hunting ground, and he experimented with living solely off wild meat. As an adult, he feeds his family from the food he hunts. Meat Eater chronicles Rinella's lifelong relationship with nature and hunting through the lens of ten hunts, beginning when he was an aspiring mountain man at age ten and ending as a thirty-seven-year-old Brooklyn father who hunts in the remotest corners of North America. He tells of having a struggling career as a fur trapper just as fur prices were falling; of a dalliance with catch-and-release steelhead fishing; of canoeing in the Missouri Breaks in search of mule deer just as the Missouri River was freezing up one November; and of hunting the elusive Dall sheep in the glaciated mountains of Alaska. Through each story, Rinella grapples with themes such as the role of the hunter in shaping America, the vanishing frontier, the ethics of killing, the allure of hunting trophies, the responsibilities that human predators have to their prey, and the disappearance of the hunter himself as Americans lose their connection with the way their food finds its way to their tables. Hunting, he argues, is intimately connected with our humanity; assuming responsibility for acquiring the meat that we eat, rather than entrusting it to proxy executioners, processors, packagers, and distributors, is one of the most respectful and exhilarating things a meat eater can do. A thrilling storyteller with boundless interesting facts and historical information about the land, the natural world, and the history of hunting, Rinella also includes after each chapter a section of "Tasting Notes" that draws from his thirty-plus years of eating and cooking wild game, both at home and over a campfire. In Meat Eater he paints a loving portrait of a way of life that is part of who we are as humans and as Americans."Chances are, Steven Rinella's life is very different from yours or mine. He does not source his food at the local supermarket. Meat Eater is a unique and valuable alternate view of where our food comes from--and what can be involved. It's a look both backward, at the way things used to be, and forward, to a time when every diner truly understands what's on the end of the fork."--Anthony Bourdain "An engaging, sharp-eyed writer whose style fuses those of John McPhee and Hunter S. Thompson."--Minneapolis Star TribuneFrom the Hardcover edition.
Meat Market: Inside the Smash-Mouth World of College Football Recruiting
by Bruce Feldman"One of the most insightful books ever written about college football." —The New York Times Now revised and updated by the author, MEAT MARKET proves that in college football, the game off the field is more brutal than the one on the field. In this shattering expose, Bruce Feldman goes into the war rooms to show who stands to profit when champions get built, and at what cost. A college football program can become a multi-million dollar industry for its school, but only if that program wins. The quest for excellence goes beyond the guts and the glory of the gridiron—it goes into the war rooms where recruiters size up every metric to determine which high-school phenom they want to recruit to the university. Bruce Feldman—FOX Sports College Football Insider—rips the cover off the game&’s frenzied pursuit of raw talent, taking you deep inside the SEC war room of recruiting legend Ed Orgeron, the combustible Cajun who helped build national championship teams at the University of Miami and at USC. In a stunning, blow-by-blow account of the year leading up to National Signing Day 2007, the award-winning journalist shadows Orgeron and his Ole Miss assistants as they set about hunting high school students, pleading, plotting, and inventing ways to lure them to their sleepy Oxford campus. Packed with candid confessions and outrageous off-the-field action, Meat Market makes what happens on the field seem almost tame by comparison. MEAT MARKET is a must-read for all college football fans, an eye-opening discovery of what it takes to put their favorite team on the field.
Meb For Mortals: How to Run, Think, and Eat like a Champion Marathoner
by Scott Douglas Meb Keflezighi<p>Train like Olympic marathoner and 2014 Boston Marathon winner Meb KeflezighiWith his historic win at the 2014 Boston Marathon, Meb Keflezighi cemented his legacy as one of the great champions of long-distance running. <p>Runners everywhere wanted to know how someone two weeks away from his 39th birthday, who had only the 15th best time going into the race, could defeat the best field in Boston Marathon history and become the first American man to win the race in 31 years. <p>Meb For Mortals describes in unprecedented detail how three-time Olympian Keflezighi prepares to take on the best runners in the world. More importantly, the book shows everyday runners how to implement the training, nutritional, and mental principles that have guided him throughout his long career, which in addition to the 2014 Boston win includes an Olympic silver medal and the 2009 New York City Marathon title.
Mechanics of Biological Systems & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 4: Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by La Vern Starman Jenny Hay Majid Minary Martha Grady Jacob NotbohmMechanics of Biological Systems & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 4 of the Proceedings of the 2018 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fourth volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to important areas of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics, including: Cell Mechanics & Traumatic Brain Injury Micromechanical Testing Adhesion and Fracture MEMS Devices and Technology Nano-scale Deformation Mechanisms 1D & 2D Materials Tribology & Wear Research and Applications in Progress
Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials & Micro-and Nanomechanics & Research Applications: Proceedings of the 2020 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Nikhil Karanjgaokar Jacob Notbohm Christian Franck Frank W. DelRioMechanics of Biological Systems & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 5 of the Proceedings of the 2020 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fifth volume of seven from the Conference, brings together contributions to important areas of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics, including:Cell Mechanics & Traumatic Brain InjuryMicromechanical TestingAdhesion and FractureMEMS Devices and TechnologyNano-scale Deformation Mechanisms1D & 2D MaterialsTribology & WearResearch and Applications in Progress
Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 4: Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)
by Martha E. GradyMechanics of Biological Systems and Materials & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 4 of the Proceedings of the 2019 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fourth volume of six from the Conference, brings together contributions to important areas of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics, including: Extreme NanomechanicsIn-Situ NanomechanicsExpanding Boundaries in MetrologyMicro and Nanoscale DeformationMEMS for Actuation, Sensing and Characterization1D & 2D MaterialsCardiac MechanicsCell Mechanics Biofilms and Microbe MechanicsTraumatic Brain InjuryOrthopedic BiomechanicsLigaments and Soft Materials
Mechanics of Soccer Heading and Protective Headgear (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan Zahari Taha Iskandar Hasanuddin Mohd Jamil Mohamed MokhtarudinThis short book provides a concise study of the mechanics of head impact in a soccer heading manoeuvre. It describes the development and validation of finite element models of soccer ball and human head, as well as the simulation of brain dynamics after ball-to-head impact. In addition, it also presents a computational study of the efficacy of wearing protective headgear in mitigating the risk of concussion due to heading in soccer.
Mechanics, Pathomechanics and Injury in the Overhead Athlete: A Case-Based Approach to Evaluation, Diagnosis and Management
by W. Ben Kibler Aaron D. SciasciaAs clinical interest in overhead athletic injuries is on the upswing, so is greater interest in the factors for performance and injury risk in throwing and other overhead motion. This practical, case-based text is divided into two sections and will present the basic principles of overhead athletes followed by unique clinical case presentations describing different aspects of performance, injury and management in throwing and other overhead athletes. Part I discusses the mechanics and pathomechanics of the overhead motion, along with principles of evaluation, the physical exam, surgical management of both the shoulder and elbow, rehabilitation and return to play, injury risk modification, and the role of the scapula. Unique clinical cases comprise all of part II and follow a consistent format covering the history, exam, imaging, diagnosis and outcome of the chosen intervention. These cases illustrate a cross-section of sports and activities, from the baseball player to the swimmer, and a range of shoulder and elbow problems in pediatric and adult overhead athletesProviding a unique case-based approach to a growing hot topic, Mechanics, Pathomechanics and Injury in the Overhead Athlete is an ideal resource for orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine specialists, physiatrists, physical therapists, certified athletic trainers and allied medical professions treating active persons of all ages.
Mechanobiology of Fracture Healing: From Basic Science to Clinical Application (SpringerBriefs in Bioengineering)
by Lutz E. ClaesThis book offers a summary of research on the biomechanics of fracture fixation and mechanobiology of fracture healing. The author, a known expert, provides an overview of the state of art, his own research together with that of his co-workers and collaborators; he describes the ideas and findings from the beginning of this research field in the 1960s up to the clinical consequences and applications of today. The book discusses the mechanobiology of fracture healing, illustrates the numerical methods that simulate fracture healing processes, and depicts specific research methods of experimental studies. Finally, it provides conclusions for the improvement of fracture treatment that will be of use in clinical applications nowadays. This book will be a valuable resource of knowledge for students and scientists in the field of bioengineering, experimental biology, and biomechanics, helping them to identify the correct conditions and analysis for their respective research and receive an understanding of the research field from its beginning until today. For experimental and clinical surgeons active in the field of fracture healing, this book will provide a useful historical overview over this translational research field.
Mechanobiology: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2600)
by Ronen Zaidel-BarThis detailed book collects methodologies exploring mechanobiology, the involvement of mechanical forces in cell fate specification and in controlling single and collective cell behaviors such as directed migration, morphogenesis, wound healing, and the immune response. The volume features methods to quantify the mechanical properties of cells and adhesion proteins, to expose cells to external mechanical forces, to quantitatively characterize mechano-responses at various scales, to measure forces applied by cells on the extracellular matrix, as well as chapters on force measurement inside cells, probing cell signaling and gene expression in response to force, and biophysical modeling of cell shape and protein dynamics. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary material and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Mechanobiology: Methods and Protocols aims to provide meaningful tools for cell and developmental biologists approaching the study of cell and tissue dynamics from a mechanobiological perspective, molecular biologists interested in the effects of force on proteins, as well as for cancer biologists and biophysicists.
Medal Up: A Winter Games Duology
by Nicole Flockton Fiona MarsdenTwo couples tread on thin ice at the Pyeongchang Winter Games in this captivating duology—but love has Olympic-sized impact on their dreams.Fighting Their Attraction: Snowboarder Brady Thompson landed in Seoul favored to win elusive gold. But instead of fresh powder, he finds that a past he can’t escape is twisting his half-pipe into knots. Figure skater Arielle Baldwin is determined to win a medal so she can walk away from her coach mom’s stranglehold on her life. Can a good girl and a bad boy reaching for their dreams make for a dynamic duo? Man of Ice: How can the Games go so wrong for friendly, upbeat Maybelle Li? Her ex-skating partner is raining on her parade with memories of the past, and her current partner, Bohdan Dovzhenko, is the hottest thing to hit the ice this decade—and the coldest companion. He’s all work and no conversation beyond grunts and commands. But as their medal hopes rise, so does Bohdan’s word count. He’s not made of stone, and being locked outside of Belle’s sunshine is simply no fun. Now their growing closeness may be too hot to dismiss—but will it burn down their chance to forge a new future as well? Sensuality Level: Sensual
Media Representations of Footballers� Wives
by Jennifer BullenRepresenting a detailed analysis of footballers' wives and their role in contemporary British culture, this books explores how the generic and stereotypical 'Wag' has been created by newspaper and magazine coverage, auto/biographies and influential television programmes.
Media, Communication and the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup (Critical Research in Football)
by Danielle Sarver Coombs Molly YanityThis book takes a close look at the themes of media and communication in the context of the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup, one of the most attended women’s sporting events in history. Featuring the work of leading researchers from around the world, the book examines how the tournament was represented through traditional, digital and social forms of media, and considers how an analysis of media and communications in, around and after the tournament can help to illuminate our understanding of key themes in the study of women and sport. The book presents a series of important and fascinating cases - including media representation of Muslim women at the tournament; analysis of media reaction to USWNT results; the role of podcasts in the coverage of the tournament, and a social media analysis of sexual violence toward women athletes at the WWC – that together form a multi-layered picture of a seminal event in the history of women’s sport. This book is vital reading for anybody with an interest in women’s sport, gender and sport, the sociology of sport, media studies, communication studies, event studies or sport business and management.
Media, Culture, and the Meanings of Hockey: Constructing a Canadian Hockey World, 1896-1907 (Sport in the Global Society - Historical Perspectives)
by Stacy L. LorenzThis volume examines the cultural meanings of high-level amateur and professional hockey in Canada during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, the author analyzes English Canadian media narratives of Stanley Cup "challenge" games and championship series between 1896 and 1907. Newspaper coverage and telegraph reconstructions of Stanley Cup challenges contributed significantly to the growth of a mediated Canadian "hockey world" – and a broader "world of sport" – during this time period. By 1903, Stanley Cup hockey games had become national Canadian events, followed by audiences across the country. Hockey also played an important role in the construction of gender and class identities, and in debates about amateurism, professionalism, and community representation in sport. The author also explores the connections between violence and masculinity in Canadian hockey by examining media descriptions of "brutal" and "strenuous" play. He analyzes how notions of civic identity changed as hockey clubs evolved from amateur teams represented by players who were members of their home community to professional aggregations that included paid imports from outside the town. As a result, this volume addresses important gaps in the study of sport history and the analysis of sport and popular culture.This book was originally published as a special issue of The International Journal of the History of Sport.
MediaSport
by Lawrence A. WennerMediaSport is a comprehensive introduction to the ways in which sport and the media interact. It is written by leading experts from around the world in the field of sports studies, sports journalism and leisure studies.Among the subjects covered are:* sports ethics* sport and race* sport and gender* sport and violence on television* the globalization of sports* marketing sports on the Internet.
Mediated Football: Representations and Audience Receptions of Race/Ethnicity, Nation and Gender (Sport in the Global Society – Contemporary Perspectives)
by Jacco van Sterkenburg and Ramón SpaaijFootball has become one of the most mediated cultural practices in modern Western societies, providing players, officials and spectators with implicit and often hidden discourses about race/ethnicity, national identity and gender. This book provides new and critical insights into how mediated football as a contested cultural practice influences, and is influenced by, discourses and stereotypes about race/ethnicity, nation and gender that operate at the local, national and global level. It analyzes both contemporary media representations and the ways these representations are negotiated, interpreted and used by football media audiences. These issues are explored across all media genres (print media, television, online, social media, film, and so forth) in a multidisciplinary and cross-cultural manner, with contributions from diverse disciplines and countries. This book was originally published as a special issue of Soccer and Society.
Medical Conditions In The Athlete
by Micki Cuppett Katie FlanaganMedical Conditions in the Athlete, Third Edition, equips health care providers with the information they need to develop a framework for decision making when working with injured and recovering athletes and active populations.
Medical Conditions in the Physically Active, Fourth Edition
by Micki Cuppett Katie Walsh FlanaganThis book assists athletic trainers and other allied healthcare providers in recognizing and identify medical conditions in athletes and active individuals. The book addresses medical conditions by body system, their mechanism of acquisition, signs, symptoms, differential diagnoses, referral, treatment, return-to-participation criteria, and potential comorbidities. Previously titled Medical Conditions in the Athlete, this fourth edition uses current research to offer assessment and treatment information for medical conditions that affect both athletes and active populations. The highly esteemed authors, Katie Walsh Flanagan and Micki Cuppett have combined their professional skills and educational expertise to create a valuable athletic training resource with updated content that aligns with the Board of Certification (BOC) and Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) standards. The fourth edition offers the following updates: - A new section on acute respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19 and SARS - A new section on gastrointestinal disorders - A new chapter on endocrine disorders - Expanded content on concussion detection, treatment, and management, including return to play guidance - New photos presenting medical conditions on diverse skin colors to help students learn identification skills - Three case studies per chapter, delivered through HKPropel, to provide students with real-world examples; the case studies include multiple-choice questions that are assignable and automatically graded The book is organized into three sections—Introduction to Medical Conditions, Pharmacology and Interventions, and Medical Conditions by System—and there are 18 comprehensive chapters. Throughout the text, more than 350 full-color illustrations and photographs visually enhance readers’ comprehension of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacological tables organize drugs by categories that include generic and trade names, therapeutic uses, adult dosage information, and possible adverse effects. Important terminology is highlighted throughout the chapters, and a glossary appears at the end of the text. Chapter objectives and chapter summaries assist students in finding key information. Chapter quizzes, which are automatically graded, may also be assigned to test comprehension of critical concepts. At the beginning of the text, a Condition Finder serves as a quick reference so students or clinicians can easily flip to the information they need on specific conditions. Throughout the book, Red Flags for Urgent Intervention offers warning signs that healthcare providers should look for when working with patients; Clinical Tips discuss information that is critically important to professionals; and Condition Highlights cover specific medical conditions common to athletes and the physically active that require special attention or medical care. Medical Conditions in the Physically Active, Fourth Edition With HKPropel Access, provides comprehensive medical information to help readers build a framework for decision-making that will help them choose effective courses of treatment. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is included with all new print books.
Medical Terminology Doodles
by Karen SladykToday's students have expressed a strong preference for multiple modes of information delivery, including visual, auditory and kinesthetic. Medical Terminology Doodles by Dr. Karen Sladyk is a unique book based on evidence that suggests that a multi-sensory approach that includes doodling can promote better knowledge retention than traditional methods in learning medical terminology.Medical Terminology Doodles offers 266 of the most common medical terms to explore and learn through doodling. By drawing or doodling related images, students will create permanent connections between the brain and the terms, as well as their root words, prefixes, and suffixes. Study hints, spelling hints, and sample illustrations are offered for each of the words, but students are also encouraged to personalize their learning by assigning meaning to the terms and creating their own “art.” Using visual cues to remember information will encourage students to review the material at hand and will also help them understand the way that terms connect to larger medical concepts. Medical Terminology Doodles is a must-have for students looking for a unique manner in which to engage with complicated scientific material. On the road to becoming a successful practitioner in the health professions, you can never underestimate the power of a doodle!
Medical Terminology with Case Studies: A Navigated Guide to Learning for Health Care Professionals
by Katie Walsh FlanaganMedical Terminology With Case Studies: A Navigated Guide to Learning for Health Care Professionals, Third Edition, is a fun, engaging, and easy-to-read resource on medical terminology for allied health students in athletic training, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and more.Featuring such memorable characters as Skully, the pirate skeleton, and Tango, his trusty parrot, Medical Terminology With Case Studies contains colorful illustrations throughout the text along with tear-out worksheets for students at the end of each chapter. The book is appropriate for students in both college and high school settings.The textbook is divided into three sections, each one covering key concepts and ideas related to medical terminology: Section I: A general overview of medical terminology, delving into its uses, purposes, and career-specific applications across specialties Section II: An in-depth examination of the specific body systems (musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, gastrointestinal, integumentary, endocrine, urinary, reproductive, and sensory) and the associated prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms that go along with them Section III: Appendices, including medical abbreviations, ICD/CPT medical coding, and pharmacology terms Updated features in the Third Edition include: New terms throughout Updated graphics throughout New case studies New chapter on health professions Updated chapter bibliographies Included with the text are online supplemental materials for faculty use in the classroom.Combining bright, colorful characters with easy-to-read resources, Medical Terminology With Case Studies: A Navigated Guide toLearning for Health Care Professionals, Third Edition, is an invaluable terminology guide for allied health students.
Medicina en Zonas Silvestres NOLS (NOLS Library)
by Tod SchimelpfenigThis vital resource for outdoor enthusiasts is now available for the first time in Spanish. Learn how to prevent, recognize, and treat common medical problems and to stabilize a severely ill or injured patient for evacuation.
Medicine Ball Workouts: Strengthen Major and Supporting Muscle Groups for Increased Power, Coordination, and Core Stability
by Brett StewartSUPER-CHARGE YOUR WORKOUT WITH A MEDICINE BALLTap the power of the weighted medicine ball to tone your whole body and build lean muscles and a shredded core. Medicine Ball Workouts shows how to use one of the most useful and versatile fitness tools out there to curl, press, toss and catch your way to getting in the best shape of your life. Perfect for beginners and advanced athletes alike, this book details medicine-ball exercises like:*PUSH-UPS for increased upper-body & core strength*SQUATS , LUNGES & THRUSTERS to build a strong powerful lower body*BURPEES & TOSSES to improve explosive speed & full-body power*TURKISH GET-UPS to develop flexibility & dexterityWith day-by-day programs and easy-to-follow , step-by-step exercises, Medicine Ball Workouts transforms simple moves into fun, challenging and highly effective functional cross-training workouts for total-body fitness and a ripped physique.
Meditations on Violence: A Comparison of Martial Arts Training & Real World Violence
by Rory MillerA Comparison of Martial Arts Training & Real-World Violence. Experienced martial artist and veteran correction officer Sgt. Rory Miller distills what he has learned from jailhouse brawls, tactical operations and ambushes to explore the differences between martial arts and the subject martial arts were designed to deal with: Violence. In section one, Sgt. Miller introduces the myths, metaphors and expectations that most martial artists have about what they will ultimately learn in their dojo. This is then compared with the complexity of the reality of violence. Complexity is one of the recurring themes throughout this work. Section two examines how to think critically about violence, how to evaluate sources of knowledge and clearly explains the concepts of strategy and tactics. Sections three and four focus on the dynamics of violence itself and the predators who perpetuate it. Drawing on hundreds of encounters and thousands of hours spent with criminals Sgt. Miller explains the types of violence; how, where, when and why it develops; the effects of adrenaline; how criminals think, and even the effects of drugs and altered states of consciousness in a fight. Section five centers on training for violence, and adapting your present training methods to that reality. It discusses the pros and cons of modern and ancient martial arts training and gives a unique insight into early Japanese kata as a military training method. Section six is all about how to make self-defense work. Miller examines how to look at defense in a broader context, and how to overcome some of your own subconscious resistance to meeting violence with violence. The last section deals with the aftermath--the cost of surviving sudden violence or violent environments, how it can change you for good or bad. It gives advice for supervisors and even for instructors on how to help a student/survivor. You'll even learn a bit about enlightenment. Rory Miller has served for seventeen years in corrections as an officer and sergeant working maximum security, booking and mental health; leading a tactical team; and teaching subjects ranging from Defensive Tactics and Use of Force to First Aid and Crisis Communications with the Mentally Ill.