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Comparative Design of Structures: Concepts and Methodologies
by Zhen Huang Shaopei LinThis book presents comparative design as an approach to the conceptual design of structures. Primarily focusing on reasonable structural performance, sustainable development and architectural aesthetics, it features detailed studies of structural performance through the composition and de-composition of these elements for a variety of structures, such as high-rise buildings, long-span crossings and spatial structures. The latter part of the book addresses the theoretical basis and practical implementation of knowledge engineering in structural design, and a case-based fuzzy reasoning method is introduced to illustrate the concept and method of intelligent design. The book is intended for civil engineers, structural designers and architects, as well as senior undergraduate and graduate students in civil engineering and architecture. Lin Shaopei and Huang Zhen are both Professors at the Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
Comparative Efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis Based on Ratio Analysis (Studies in Big Data #138)
by Witold Pedrycz Tofigh Allahviranloo Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohammad Reza Mozaffari Javad GeramiThe combination of DEA and ratio analysis is introduced as a suitable field for evaluating the performance of DMUs. In this regard, DEA-R is also proposed as a hybrid technique for calculating efficiency, ranking DMUs, and finding efficient faces. Therefore, the relationship between DEA and DEA-R provides a suitable field for researchers in the field of evaluating the performance of DMUs. The audience of this book is not limited to researchers in mathematics fields, but experts and students in industrial engineering and management fields also benefit from the topics of this book.
Comparative Environmental Risk Assessment
by C. Richard CothernWhat data is needed to complete a quantitative risk assessment for environmental and public health? How accurate does a quantitative risk assessment have to be? How confident does a risk assessor need to be when presenting risk estimates to a decision maker? Find out the answers to these questions and more with Comparative Environmental Risk Assessment, the first major commercial publication that describes the current state of the art in comparative environmental risk assessment. This book examines the problems involved in such analyses and offers ideas and thoughts for future development. The book examines major problems in this area and covers all aspects of the environment, including human and ecological health. Comparative Environmental Risk Assessment is an excellent guide for risk assessment experts, environmentalists, regulators, planners, legislators, scientists in industry, instructors, and students.
Comparative Evaluations of Innovative Fisheries Management: Global Experiences and European Prospects
by Kjellrun Hiis Hauge Douglas Clyde WilsonComparative Evaluations of Innovative Fisheries Management begins with a look at four places outside the European Union known for innovative management: New Zealand, Nova Scotia, Alaska and Iceland. Then the focus shifts to the success criteria related to specific disciplines including biological and social robustness, economic efficiency and impacts on management costs. Hypotheses are tested using data capable of generating useful results. The main conclusions include a retrospective of how key concepts defined and represented the various perspectives, skills and backgrounds that made up the multidisciplinary CEVIS project.
Comparative Governance
by Peters Jon Pierre B. GuyWhy do some policies succeed so well while others, in the same sector or country, fail dramatically? The aim of this book is to answer this question and provide systematic research on the nature, sources and consequences of policy failure. The expert
Comparative Homeland Security
by Nadav MoragStudents and practitioners of Homeland Security have generally not looked beyond U.S. borders in terms of searching for solutions to existing H.S. policy problems. Comparative Homeland Security: Global Lessons examines overseas homeland security practices, allowing readers to integrate counter-terrorism, emergency response and other H.S. practices from around the world into our own policies. The book covers strategies for combatting terrorism, countering radicalization, emergency response, border and transportation security, critical infrastructure protection, public health and military support for civil authorities from a number of the world's democracies. Organized topically, the book allows scientists, policymakers, law enforcement professionals, government workers and students of H.S. to easily compare and integrate the concepts presented into practice.
Comparative Homeland Security: Global Lessons (Wiley Series on Homeland Defense and Security #1)
by Nadav MoragIntroduces the reader to a variety of overseas Homeland Security strategies, policies, and practices in order to present approaches to addressing homeland security challenges and inform students and practitioners This book educates those studying or involved in American Homeland Security on the policies and procedures set by other countries so that they can learn from foreign experiences and determine which overseas approaches may be applicable to improving US Homeland Security policy. The book is broken down into topical categories reflecting some of the major areas within the field of Homeland Security. Each chapter comprises a discussion of strategic policies followed by a set of countries in the context of the subset of Homeland Security addressed in that particular chapter. The book also delves into cybersecurity policy issues, an area that has been growing exponentially but was not touched on in the first edition. The new edition of Comparative Homeland Security: Global Lessons updates foreign laws, strategies, and policies while expanding the depth and range of the discussion to include additional overseas policies. Based on eleven countries procedures and nine homeland security dimensions, it covers: Counterterrorism Strategies, Laws and Institutions; Law Enforcement Institutions and Strategies; Immigration and Counter-Radicalization; The Role of the Military in Security and Support for Civil Authorities; Border Security, Naturalization, and Asylum Policies; Security Facilities, Cyber Networks, and Transportation; Emergency Preparedness, Emergency Response and Management and Crisis Communications; and Public Health Strategies and Institutions. New edition updates foreign strategies and policies and extends the scope of discussion of these topics Expanded approach for a wider range of students and practitioners exploring the homeland security policies of other countries Covers strategies and tactics to combat terrorism from a number of the world's democracies including: Great Britain, Israel, France, Germany, Canada, and Australia Chapters are organized topically rather than by country, thus allowing students and practitioners to easily compare policies and integrate the concepts presented into practice Comparative Homeland Security: Global Lessons, Second Edition is an excellent book for all scholars, students, and practitioners interested or involved in homeland security, emergency management, law enforcement, criminal justice, counter-terrorism, public health, transportation security, border security, and cybersecurity.
Comparative Information Technology: Languages, Societies and the Internet (Globalisation, Comparative Education and Policy Research #4)
by Joseph Zajda Donna GibbsThis volume offers a critique of the nexus between ICT and its impact on society, individuals and educational institutions. One of the most significant dimensions of globalisation has been the rapid development of information and communications technologies (ICTs). Our lives have been changed by ICTs in numerous ways and the implications for education are enormous. The ICTs have transformed the linguistic, cognitive and visual dimensions of human communication, as well as our perceptions of the self, and social identity in the global culture. They have facilitated the development of new dimensions of digital literacy, such as blogging and sms messaging. In this sense, cyberlanguage continues to evolve by borrowing and adapting familiar words, coining new expressions, and embracing particular styles. The book provides directions in education and policy research, relevant to transformational educational reforms in the 21st century.
Comparative Legal Frameworks for Pre-Implantation Embryonic Genetic Interventions
by Pin Lean LauThis book discusses the possibilities for the use of international human rights law (and specifically, international biomedical laws related to the protection of human rights and the human genome) to provide a guiding framework for the future regulation of genetic modifications applied to human embryos and other precursor materials, when these are made with the aim of implanting a genetically altered embryo in a woman. The significance and timeliness of the work derives from the recent availability of CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene editing tools, and from lacunae in international law regarding the legality of embryo modification with these tools and appropriate governance structures for the oversight of resulting practices. The emergence of improved genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, holds the promise of eradicating genetic diseases in the near future. But its possible future applications with Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) raises a plethora of legal and ethical concerns about "remaking" future human beings. The work aims to address an urgent call, to embed these rising concerns about biomedical advancements into the fundamental tailoring of legal systems. Suitable regulatory approaches, coupled with careful reflection of global biomedical laws and individual constitutional systems must be explored. The Book analyzes the impact of reproductive biomedical technologies on the legal and ethical dimensions of regulatory frameworks in selected constitutional systems like the US, the UK, Australia, Malaysia and Thailand. Employing a comparative law methodology, the work reveals a dynamic intersection between legal cultures, socio-philosophical reasoning and the development of a human rights-based framework in bio-political studies. Navigating towards a truly internationalized biomedical approach to emerging technologies, it presents an understanding why a renegotiation and reinvigoration of a contemporary and "new" universal shared values system in the international human rights discourse is now necessary.
Comparators
by Michael C. FischerThis book explores circuit designs that accomplish the conversion of an analog signal to a digital signal of a single bit. Starting with the simple comparator, many alternative circuit arrangements and enhancements are elaborated, including hysteresis, negative feedback and a variety of adaptive thresholds. Further, the non-ideal behavior of practical elements and circuits are covered, including input offsets, noise, delay, delay dispersion and oscillation, along with techniques for dealing with these aspects. The wide variety of available components is discussed in terms of performance and applicability. No stone is left unturned in addressing each and every issue that can affect the engineering tasks related to comparators, from the viewpoint of how their performance can affect the system in which they are a critical component.
Comparators in Nanometer CMOS Technology (Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics #50)
by Horst Zimmermann Bernhard GollThis book covers the complete spectrum of the fundamentals of clocked, regenerative comparators, their state-of-the-art, advanced CMOS technologies, innovative comparators inclusive circuit aspects, their characterization and properties. Starting from the basics of comparators and the transistor characteristics in nanometer CMOS, seven high-performance comparators developed by the authors in 120nm and 65nm CMOS are described extensively. Methods and measurement circuits for the characterization of advanced comparators are introduced. A synthesis of the largely differing aspects of demands on modern comparators and the properties of devices being available in nanometer CMOS, which are posed by the so-called nanometer hell of physics, is accomplished. The book summarizes the state of the art in integrated comparators. Advanced measurement circuits for characterization will be introduced as well as the method of characterization by bit-error analysis usually being used for characterization of optical receivers. The book is compact, and the graphical quality of the illustrations is outstanding. This book is written for engineers and researchers in industry as well as scientists and Ph. D students at universities. It is also recommendable to graduate students specializing on nanoelectronics and microelectronics or circuit design.
Comparing Environmental Risks: Tools for Setting Government Priorities
by J. Clarence DaviesThe budgetary squeeze of the 1990s has made it obvious that the government cannot address every possible environmental problem. Comparative risk assessment (CRA) is increasingly advanced as the means for setting realistic priorities. RFF's Center for Risk Management commissioned background papers from leading experts on CRA for a meeting with federal regulatory officials. Comparing Environmental Risks presents the revised papers of this workshop. Representing the state of the art on programmatic CRA, its methodological analyses and practical recommendations will be invaluable to government officials, independent analysts, and anyone studying environmental policy.
Comparing Futures for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
by Jay R. Lund Ellen Hanak William E. Fleenor William A. Bennett Richard E. Howitt Jeffrey F. Mount Peter B. MoyleWritten by a team of independent water experts, this analysis of the latest data evaluates proposed solutions to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta's myriad problems. The authors find the current policy unsustainable and suggest a suitable strategy.
Compendium for Design and Manufacturing of Bolted Joints: Mechanical Design Handbook for Failure Prevention of Products (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications #280)
by Toshio Hattori Tomohiro NaruseThis book offers a practical and accessible guide to mechanics, material science, and design engineering, using real-world accident cases to illustrate key principles. It examines past accidents involving bolted joints, exploring mechanical failures, root causes, and corrective measures. It also covers essential topics, including mechanical analysis, initial tightening techniques, and fundamental design methodologies, followed by advanced discussions on strength design under axial, bending, transverse, and torsional loads. Additional chapters address loosening mechanisms, prevention strategies, and threaded joint applications in pipe fittings, along with insights into delayed fracture mechanisms, fretting fatigue countermeasures, and emerging fastening technologies. The book also provides an overview of international screw fastening standards, including ISO, JIS, and VDI 2230.
Compendium for the LNG and CNG Practitioner: Liquefied Natural Gas in Application
by Werner HermelingThe most important physical principles as well as the engineering equipment (components, assemblies as well as their function) for the regasification and compression of cryogenic liquefied gases (incl. biogas / methane from recent sources) are presented in this book. Practical advice is given on possible plant layout and design. Safety-related as well as product-specific designs are pointed out and their solutions are described. The book contains numerous references and summaries. The author is an engineer of chemical plant engineering as well as heat, ventilation and air conditioning technology with many years of practical experience in the field of cryogenic liquefied gases, their transport, regasification and compression. He is the inventor of several patented and implemented solutions. This book is addressed to safety officers, plant operators, employees in direct contact with such plants as well as decision makers and approving authorities.
Compendium of 3D Bioprinting Technology
by P. V. Mohanan3D bioprinting is an emerging innovative technology that involves the fabrication of essential 3D functional biomedical constructs by combining cells and biomaterials with vital growth and differentiation factors. It aims to replicate the natural tissue milieu and holds great promise in fields like tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug development and testing, precision medicine, etc. 3D bioprinted disease-specific models help to study, screen the treatment methods and understand the mechanism of action. In personalized medicine, patient-specific tissue and organ constructs can be developed for specific surgeries and treatments tailored to a patient’s unique anatomy and genetics. 3D functional tissue construct addresses the problem of organ shortage as it lowers the risk of rejection of tissues and organs. The technique also replaces the need to experiment on animals and improves the accuracy of pre-clinical studies to test the safety and efficacy of new drugs in bioprinted tissues.This book provides comprehensive coverage of the application of 3D bioprinting technology. It is a collection of contributions by experts with cutting-edge know-how. The book is meant for medical practitioners, pharma companies, CROs, product developers, students, researchers, academicians, policymakers and practitioners.
Compendium of Civil Engineering Education Strategies: Case Studies and Examples
by Hudson Jackson Kassim TarhiniThis book compiles the latest strategies and information regarding civil engineering education, and the skills necessary for success that are tangential to engineering, including global perspectives, critical and design thinking skills, leadership skills, assessment, recruitment, retention, and more. It is designed so that each chapter can be used separately or in combination with other chapters to help enhance and foster student learning as well as promote the development of skills required for engineering practice. Features Includes overviews of successful academic approaches for each topic including implementation examples in every chapter Explains how assessment and the resulting data can be used for holistic evaluation and improvement of student learning Addresses the complexities of moral and professional ethics in engineering Highlights the importance of adopting a global perspective and the successful strategies that have been used or considered in educating resilient, globally minded engineers Compendium of Civil Engineering Education Strategies: Case Studies and Examples serves as a useful guide for engineering faculty, practitioners, and graduate students considering a career in academia. Academic faculty and working professionals will find the content helpful as instructional and reference material in developing and assessing career skills. It is also useful for intellectually curious students who want a deeper understanding and appreciation of the need for professional development and life-long learning.
Compendium of Crop Genome Designing for Nutraceuticals
by Chittaranjan KoleThe crop plants cater not only to our basic F5 (food, feed, fiber, fuel, and furniture) needs but also provide a number of nutraceuticals with potential nutritional, safety and therapeutic properties. Many crop plants provide an array of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant-rich bioactive phytochemicals. Increasing incidences of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and HIV, and malnutrition necessitate global attention to health and nutrition security with equal emphasis to food security. This compendium compiles results of researches on biochemical, physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying biosynthesis of the health and nutrition related nutraceuticals. It also explores the precise breeding strategies for augmentation of their content and amelioration of their quality in crop plants under all commodity categories including cereals and millets, oilseeds, pulses, fruits and nuts, and vegetables. The compendium comprise 5 sections dedicated to these 5 commodity groups and presents enumeration on the concepts, strategies, tools and techniques of nutraceutomics. These sections include 50 chapters devoted to even number of major crop plants. These chapters present deliberations on the biochemistry and medicinal properties of the nutracuticals contained; genetic variation in their contents; classical genetics and breeding for their quantitative and qualitative improvement; tissue culture and genetic engineering for augmentation of productivity and quality; and sources of genes underlying their biosynthesis. They also include comprehensive enumeration on genetic mapping of the genes and QTLs controlling the contents and profile of the nutraceuticals and molecular breeding for their further improvement through marker assisted selection and backcross breeding tools. Prospects of post-genomic precise breeding strategies including genome-wide association mapping, genomic selection, allele mining, and genome editing are also discussed. This compendium fills the gap in academia, and research and development wings of the private sector industries interested in an array of subjects including genetics, genomics, tissue culture, genetic engineering, molecular breeding, genomics-assisted breeding, bioinformatics, biochemistry, physiology, pathology, entomology, pharmacognosy, IPR, etc., and will also facilitate understanding of the policy making agencies and people in the socio-economic domain and research sponsoring agencies.
Compendium of Phytopathogenic Microbes in Agro-Ecology : Vol. 2 Viruses and Viroids
by Krishna Kumar Natarajan AmaresanThis book offers an in-depth exploration of phytopathogenic viruses and viroids within the context of agroecology. Each chapter meticulously details the introduction, taxonomy, and diseases caused by these pathogens, alongside their pathogenic mechanisms, economic significance, and strategies for identification and control. By providing comprehensive insights into these topics, the book empowers researchers to manipulate these pathogens to suit their needs. The chapters investigate key concepts such as pathogen taxonomy, disease cycles, and control measures, addressing critical questions about their economic impact on crop yield. Expert contributors present a thorough analysis of 104 plant pathogens, organized into distinct microbial groups. This volume is an essential resource for understanding the complex interactions between pathogens and their host plants, offering practical solutions for disease management. This book is an invaluable resource for postgraduate students, research scholars, post-doctoral fellows, and educators across disciplines such as Plant Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Virology, and Nematology. As the second volume in a comprehensive three-part series, it provides crucial insights into the economic importance of bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids, and nematodes. This compendium is a must-have for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of plant pathogens and their impact on agriculture.
Compendium of Phytopathogenic Microbes in Agro-Ecology : Vol. 3, Bacteria, Protozoa, Algae and Nematodes
by Krishna Kumar Natarajan AmaresanThis book offers an in-depth exploration of phytopathogenic bacteria, nematodes, protozoa, and algae within the context of agroecology. Each chapter meticulously details the introduction, taxonomy, and diseases caused by these pathogens, alongside their pathogenic mechanisms, economic significance, and strategies for identification and control. By providing comprehensive insights into these topics, the book empowers researchers to manipulate these pathogens to suit their needs. Key concepts covered include the economic impact of plant pathogens on yield loss, the pathogenic cycles of various microbes, and effective control measures. The book's expert contributors present a thorough analysis of 104 plant pathogens, organized into distinct microbial groups. This volume is an essential resource for understanding the complex interactions between pathogens and their host plants, offering valuable knowledge for developing sustainable agricultural practices. This book is an indispensable resource for postgraduate students, research scholars, post-doctoral fellows, and educators in fields such as Plant Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Bacteriology, Protozoology, Algology, and Nematology. As the second volume in a comprehensive three-volume compendium, it provides critical insights into the economic importance of pathogens and their role in yield loss, making it a must-have for anyone involved in plant sciences.
Compendium of Phytopathogenic Microbes in Agro-Ecology : Vol.1 Fungi
by Krishna Kumar Natarajan AmaresanThis book offers an in-depth exploration of phytopathogenic fungi within the context of agroecology, providing essential insights for understanding and managing these critical organisms. Each chapter begins with a comprehensive information panel that introduces the pathogen, detailing its taxonomy, the diseases it causes, its pathogenic mechanisms, economic significance, and strategies for identification and control. By equipping researchers with this knowledge, the book empowers them to manipulate these fungi to meet their specific needs. Key concepts covered include the taxonomy and life cycles of various fungi, the economic impact of fungal diseases on crop yield, and innovative control measures. The book's expert contributors provide a thorough analysis of each pathogen, making it an indispensable resource for anyone involved in plant health and disease management. This volume is the first in a three-part series that will cover a total of 104 plant pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, viroids, and nematodes, highlighting their economic importance in agriculture. This book is an invaluable resource for postgraduate students, research scholars, post-doctoral fellows, and educators in fields such as Plant Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Virology, and Nematology. It is a must-read for those seeking to deepen their understanding of plant pathogens and their impact on agriculture.
Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis
by The Surface Science Society of JapanThis book concisely illustrates the techniques of major surface analysis and their applications to a few key examples.Surfaces play crucial roles in various interfacial processes, and their electronic/geometric structures rule the physical/chemical properties. In the last several decades, various techniques for surface analysis have been developed in conjunction with advances in optics, electronics, and quantum beams. This book provides a useful resource for a wide range of scientists and engineers from students to professionals in understanding the main points of each technique, such as principles, capabilities and requirements, at a glance. It is a contemporary encyclopedia for selecting the appropriate method depending on the reader's purpose.
Compendium of the Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Beverages (Food Microbiology and Food Safety)
by William H. Sperber Michael P. DoyleThough much of our collective knowledge on microbiological spoilage has accrued over the past century and is still valid today, there is no one place to find this information. Compendium of the Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Beverages is the first book to collect this important information. This book is edited by William H. Sperber and Michael P. Doyle, two of the best researchers in this field.
Compendium to Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists: 300 Problems and Solutions
by Ervin B. PodgorsakThis exercise book contains 500 typical problems and exercises in modern physics and radiation physics with complete solutions, detailed equations and graphs. This textbook is linked directly with the textbook "Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists", Springer (2010) but can also be used in combination with other related textbooks. For ease of use, this textbook has exactly the same organizational layout (14 chapters, 125 sections) as the "Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists" textbook and each section is covered by at least one problem with solution given. Equations, figures and tables are cross-referenced between the two books. It is the only large compilation of textbook material and associated solved problems in medical physics, radiation physics, and biophysics.
Compete and Win in Telecom Sales: A Step-by -Step Guide for Successful Selling
by Philip Max KayFor anyone ready to launch a successful career in sales for telecom equipment, services and technologies, or for veterans ready to break through to a higher level, this book provides a practical eight-step program for successful selling.