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Foundation Models for General Medical AI: Second International Workshop, MedAGI 2024, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2024, Marrakesh, Morocco, October 6, 2024, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #15184)
by Shaoting Zhang Won-Ki Jeong Yiqing Shen Zhongying Deng Hyunwoo J. Kim Angelica I. Aviles-Rivero Junjun HeThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings from the Second International Workshop on Foundation Models for General Medical AI, MedAGI 2024, held in conjunction with the 27th International conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024, in Marrakesh, Morocco in October 2024. The 17 papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. These papers provide insights into the current landscape of medical AI and foundation models, that can pave the way for the evolution of task-specific medical AI systems into more generalized frameworks capable of tackling a diverse range of tasks, datasets, and domains.
Foundation Systems for High-Rise Structures
by Deepankar Choudhury Rolf Katzenbach Steffen LepplaThe book deals with the geotechnical analysis and design of foundation systems for high-rise buildings and other complex structures with a distinctive soil-structure interaction. The basics of the analysis of stability and serviceability, necessary soil investigations, important technical regulations and quality and safety assurance are explained and possibilities for optimised foundation systems are given. Additionally, special aspects of foundation systems such as geothermal activated foundation systems and the reuse of existing foundations are described and illustrated by examples from engineering practice.
Foundation for Integrating Employee Health Activities for Active Duty Personnel in the Department of Defense
by Christopher Nelson Elizabeth M. Sloss Gary Cecchine Gail Fisher Preethi R. SamaThe authors describe current Department of Defense safety and occupational health programs and health information systems, as well as employee health programs outside of DoD to provide a foundation for considering a more integrated Department of Defense employee health program.
Foundation of Digital Badges and Micro-Credentials
by Dirk Ifenthaler Nicole Bellin-Mularski Dana-Kristin MahThis edited volume provides insight into how digital badgesmay enhance formal, non-formal and informal education by focusing on technicaldesign issues including organizational requirements, learning and instructionaldesign, as well as deployment. It features current research exploring thetheoretical foundation and empirical evidence of the utilization of digitalbadges as well as case studies that describe current practices and experiencesin the use of digital badges for motivation, learning, and instruction in K-12,higher education, workplace learning, and further education settings.
Foundation of Structural Geology
by R G ParkSince the first edition was published in 1983, this highly-regarded introductory textbook has been used by many generations of students worldwide. It is specifically tailored to the requirements of first or second year geology undergraduates.The third edition has been extensively revised and updated to include many new sections and over 50 new or redrawn illustrations. There are now over 220 illustrations, many incorporating a second colour to highlight essential features. The format has been changed to enhance the visual attractiveness of the book.The tripartite organization of the first and second editions has been modified by combining the purely descriptive or factual aspects of fault and fold structure in the earlier chapters with a simple treatment of mechanisms, leaving the more geometrically complex treatment until after the relevant sections on stress and strain, as before. Some subjects are introduced for the first time, e.g. inversion and orogen collapse, and others have been extensively modified, e.g. the chapter on gravity controlled structures now emphasises modern work on salt tectonics. The last third of the book is devoted to the wider context of geological structures and how they relate to plate tectonics. The final two chapters have been considerably expanded and give examples of various types of geological structures in their plate tectonic settings in both modern and ancient orogenic belts.
Foundations & Principles of Distributed Manufacturing
by Hermann Kühnle Günter BitschThe book presents a coherent description of distributed manufacturing, providing a solid base for further research on the subject as well as smart implementations in companies. It provides a guide for those researching and working in a range of fields, such as smart manufacturing, cloud computing, RFID tracking, distributed automation, cyber physical production and global design anywhere, manufacture anywhere solutions. Foundations & Principles of Distributed Manufacturing anticipates future advances in the fields of embedded systems, the Internet of Things and cyber physical systems, outlining how adopting these innovations could rapidly bring about improvements in key performance indicators, which could in turn generate competition pressure by rendering successful business models obsolete. In laying the groundwork for powerful theoretical models, high standards for the homogeneity and soundness of the suggested setups are applied. The book especially elaborates on the upcoming competition in online manufacturing operations and respective control procedures. By outlining encapsulation and evolving decision-making principles, Foundations & Principles of Distributed Manufacturing fully conceptualizes the view of manufacturing networks as sets of loosely coupled interacting smart factory objects. Moreover, the book provides concrete approaches to a number of future fields, where distributed manufacturing might be applied. Both researchers and professionals will profit from the authors' broad experience in Distributed Manufacturing and Fractal Enterprise implementations, where they initiated and completed a number of successful research projects: within the global Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) scheme, within the European Research Area frameworks as well as national contexts, and both in industry and at leading research institutions. This background ensures well-founded theory on one hand and valuable practical results on the other in a fascinating area that is still under intensive research. Readers will acquire essential insights as well as useful guidance for categorizing and specifying extended distributed manufacturing solutions and their professional implementations.
Foundations and Frontiers in Computer, Communication and Electrical Engineering: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference C2E2, Mankundu, West Bengal, India, 15th-16th January, 2016.
by Aritra AcharyyaThe 3rd International Conference on Foundations and Frontiers in Computer, Communication and Electrical Engineering is a notable event which brings together academia, researchers, engineers and students in the fields of Electronics and Communication, Computer and Electrical Engineering making the conference a perfect platform to share experience, f
Foundations and Fundamentals in Human-Computer Interaction
by Gavriel Salvendy Constantine StephanidisThis book serves as a foundation to the field of HCI, equipping readers with the necessary knowledge and skills to engage in this field. This book Discusses human functionalities and characteristics relevant to interaction, including sensory perception, attention and memory, language and communication, emotions, decision-making, as well as mental models, human error, and human actions. Explores the evolution of HCI design approaches and the role of social and organizational psychology in HCI Discusses key concepts and societal aspects of interactive technologies, such as user acceptance, ethics, privacy, and trust. Covers the historical background, contributing disciplines, essential concepts, and theories within the domain. This book will appeal to individuals interested in Human–Computer Interaction research and applications.
Foundations and Theoretical Perspectives of Distributed Team Cognition
by Michael D. McNeese; Eduardo Salas; Mica R. EndsleyThe background and interwoven streams of team cognition and distributed cognition fermenting together has wielded new nuances of exploration, which continue to be relevant for a theoretical understanding of team phenomena. Foundations and Theoretical Perspectives of Distributed Teams Cognition looks at fundamentals, theoretical concepts, and how theory informs perspectives of thinking for distributed team cognition. The chapters yield a broad understanding of the nature of diverse thinking and insights into technologies, foundations, and theoretical perspectives of distributed team cognition. Features Generates historical patterns and significance that compose developmental trajectories Explains multiple perspectives that incorporate an interdisciplinary understanding that specifies diverse theories Identifies and develops particular challenges resident within team simulation studies and then illustrates research frameworks Highlights and reviews how team simulations are used to produce dynamic experimental results Investigates and studies research variables within distributed team cognition
Foundations for Innovative Application of Airborne Radars
by Alexey NekrasovThe 'wind vector' - wind speed and direction - is a main meteorological quantity and relevant for air-sea exchange processes. This book explores the use of several airborne microwave instruments, some of which are part of standard aircraft equipment, in determining the local wind vector over water. This is worthwhile as local wind information is usually only available at measurements sites like weather stations and airports, and global wind information from satellites has very coarse resolution and poor temporal coverage - at most a few times daily. In his book, Nekrasov uses known results in a novel way and gives explicit and application-oriented descriptions how to additionally retrieve local wind information from standard airborne microwave instruments. The results presented here are highly valuable for flight operation above the sea (e. g. , search-and-rescue) but also for complementing other measurements of atmospheric or oceanic parameters during research flights.
Foundations for Innovative Application of Airborne Radars: Functionality Enhancement for Measuring the Water Surface Backscattering Signature and Wind (SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences)
by Alexey NekrasovThis book discusses methods for measuring the water surface backscattering signature and estimating the near-surface wind vector over water using airborne radars, in addition to their standard application. Airborne FMCW demonstrator system, Doppler navigation system, airborne weather radar, airborne radar altimeter, and airborne precipitation radar are analyzed in order to be used for that purpose. The radars functionality is enhanced for their operation in a scatterometer mode. A circle flight and/or a rectilinear flight of an aircraft over the water surface is considered depending on the radar design features to perform measurements of the azimuth normalized radar cross section curve of the water surface and/or the near-surface wind speed and direction. Flight recommendations to perform measurements along with algorithms for measuring the water surface backscattering signature and for retrieval of the wind speed and direction over water are presented.
Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design
by Terry Edwards Michael SteerBuilding on the success of the previous three editions, Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design offers extensive new, updated and revised material based upon the latest research. Strongly design-oriented, this fourth edition provides the reader with a fundamental understanding of this fast expanding field making it a definitive source for professional engineers and researchers and an indispensable reference for senior students in electronic engineering. Topics new to this edition: microwave substrates, multilayer transmission line structures, modern EM tools and techniques, microstrip and planar transmision line design, transmission line theory, substrates for planar transmission lines, Vias, wirebonds, 3D integrated interposer structures, computer-aided design, microstrip and power-dependent effects, circuit models, microwave network analysis, microstrip passive elements, and slotline design fundamentals.
Foundations for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
by Nils O. PetersenDo you ever wonder why size is so important at the scale of nanosystems? Do you want to understand the fundamental principles that govern the properties of nanomaterials? Do you want to establish a foundation for working in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology? Then this book is written with you in mind. Foundations for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology provides some of the physical chemistry needed to understand why properties of small systems differ both from their constituent molecular entities and from the corresponding bulk matter. This is not a book about nanoscience and nanotechnology, but rather an exposition of basic knowledge required to understand these fields. The collection of topics makes it unique, and these topics include: The concept of quantum confinement and its consequences for electronic behaviour (Part II) The importance of surface thermodynamics for activity and interactions of nanoscale systems (Part III) The need to consider fluctuations as well as mean properties in small systems (Part IV) The interaction of light with matter and specific applications of spectroscopy and microscopy (Part V) This book is written for senior undergraduates or junior graduate students in science or engineering disciplines who wish to learn about or work in the areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology, but who do not have the requisite background in chemistry or physics. It may also be useful as a refresher or summary text for chemistry and physics students since the material is focused on those aspects of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics that specifically relate to the size of objects.
Foundations for the Future in Mathematics Education
by Richard A. Lesh; Eric Hamilton; James J. KaputThe central question addressed in Foundations for the Future in Mathematics Education is this: What kind of understandings and abilities should be emphasized to decrease mismatches between the narrow band of mathematical understandings and abilities that are emphasized in mathematics classrooms and tests, and those that are needed for success beyond school in the 21st century? This is an urgent question. In fields ranging from aeronautical engineering to agriculture, and from biotechnologies to business administration, outside advisors to future-oriented university programs increasingly emphasize the fact that, beyond school, the nature of problem-solving activities has changed dramatically during the past twenty years, as powerful tools for computation, conceptualization, and communication have led to fundamental changes in the levels and types of mathematical understandings and abilities that are needed for success in such fields. For K-12 students and teachers, questions about the changing nature of mathematics (and mathematical thinking beyond school) might be rephrased to ask: If the goal is to create a mathematics curriculum that will be adequate to prepare students for informed citizenship—as well as preparing them for career opportunities in learning organizations, in knowledge economies, in an age of increasing globalization—how should traditional conceptions of the 3Rs be extended or reconceived? Overall, this book suggests that it is not enough to simply make incremental changes in the existing curriculum whose traditions developed out of the needs of industrial societies. The authors, beyond simply stating conclusions from their research, use results from it to describe promising directions for a research agenda related to this question. The volume is organized in three sections: *Part I focuses on naturalistic observations aimed at clarifying what kind of “mathematical thinking” people really do when they are engaged in “real life” problem solving or decision making situations beyond school. *Part II shifts attention toward changes that have occurred in kinds of elementary-but-powerful mathematical concepts, topics, and tools that have evolved recently—and that could replace past notions of “basics” by providing new foundations for the future. This section also initiates discussions about what it means to “understand” the preceding ideas and abilities. *Part III extends these discussions about meaning and understanding—and emphasizes teaching experiments aimed at investigating how instructional activities can be designed to facilitate the development of the preceding ideas and abilities. Foundations for the Future in Mathematics Education is an essential reference for researchers, curriculum developers, assessment experts, and teacher educators across the fields of mathematics and science education.
Foundations in Sound Design for Embedded Media: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Sound Design)
by Michael FilimowiczThis volume provides a comprehensive introduction to foundational topics in sound design for embedded media, such as physical computing; interaction design; auditory displays and data sonification; speech synthesis; wearables; smart objects and instruments; user experience; toys and playful tangible objects; and the new sensibilities entailed in expanding the concept of sound design to encompass the totality of our surroundings. The reader will gain a broad understanding of the key concepts and practices that define sound design for its use in computational products and design. The chapters are written by international authors from diverse backgrounds who provide multidisciplinary perspectives on sound in its many embedded forms. The volume is designed as a textbook for students and teachers, as a handbook for researchers in sound, programming and design, and as a survey of key trends and ideas for practitioners interested in exploring the boundaries of their profession.
Foundations in Sound Design for Linear Media: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Sound Design)
by Michael FilimowiczThis volume provides a comprehensive introduction to foundational topics in sound design for linear media, such as listening and recording; audio postproduction; key musical concepts and forms such as harmony, conceptual sound design, electronica, soundscape, and electroacoustic composition; the audio commons; and sound’s ontology and phenomenology. The reader will gain a broad understanding of the key concepts and practices that define sound design for its use with moving images as well as important forms of composed sound. The chapters are written by international authors from diverse backgrounds who provide multidisciplinary perspectives on sound in its linear forms. The volume is designed as a textbook for students and teachers, as a handbook for researchers in sound, media and experience, and as a survey of key trends and ideas for practitioners interested in exploring the boundaries of their profession.
Foundations of Airline Finance: Methodology and Practice
by Bijan VasighFoundations of Airline Finance: Methodology and Practice is a textbook that comprehensively covers, at a basic level, all aspects of the subject, bringing together many of the numerous and informative articles and institutional developments that have characterized the field of airline finance in the previous two decades. In the early chapters, the reader is introduced to the elementary theoretical foundations that underpin the role of finance in the airline industry. Critical topics, such as the time value of money, the notion of risk and return, and the complex nature of costs (fixed, semi-fixed, variable, and marginal) are discussed and illustrated with concrete examples. This is followed by an in-depth presentation of the role of accounting in airlines. Ratio analysis is used to further analyze airline financial statements. Airline industry specific metrics, such as cost per available seat mile (CASM) and revenue per revenue passenger mile (RRPM), are covered. The role of capital and asset management is then explained in the following chapters. The final chapters of the text present some important practical applications of the theoretical ideas presented earlier; these applications include hedging, the buy versus lease decision for aircraft and the question of the valuation of assets (mainly aircraft). Moreover, specific methods for actually calculating internal valuation are presented and evaluated. Foundations of Airline Finance: Methodology and Practice will be of greatest value to students who are contemplating entering financial management in the air transportation industry; however, the text will also serve as an accessible and comprehensive reference for industry professionals.
Foundations of Analytical Chemistry
by Miguel Valcárcel Cases Ángela I. López-Lorente Ma Ángeles López-JiménezThis book offers a completely new approach to learning and teaching the fundamentals of analytical chemistry. It summarizes 250 basic concepts of the field on the basis of slides. Each of the nine chapters offers the following features:• Introduction: Summary. General scheme. Teaching objectives.• Text containing the explanation of each slide.• Recommended and commented bibliography.• Questions to be answered.• Slides. A distinct feature of this novel book is its focus on the fundamental concepts and essential principles of analytical chemistry, which sets it apart from other books presenting descriptive overviews of methods and techniques.
Foundations of Antenna Radiation Theory: Eigenmode Analysis (IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory)
by Wen GeyiFoundations of Antenna Radiation Theory Understand the theory and function of wireless antennas with this comprehensive guide As wireless technology continues to develop, understanding of antenna properties and performance will only become more critical. Since antennas can be understood as junctions of waveguides, eigenmode analysis—the foundation of waveguide theory, concerned with the unexcited states of systems and their natural resonant characteristics—promises to be a crucial frontier in the study of antenna theory. Foundations of Antenna Radiation Theory incorporates the modal analysis, generic antenna properties and design methods discovered or developed in the last few decades, not being reflected in most antenna books, into a comprehensive introduction to the theory of antennas. This book puts readers into conversation with the latest research and situates students and researchers at the cutting edge of an important field of wireless technology. The book also includes: Detailed discussions of the solution methods for Maxwell equations and wave equations to provide a theoretical foundation for electromagnetic analysis of antennas Recent developments for antenna radiation in closed and open space, modal analysis and field expansions, dyadic Green’s functions, time-domain theory, state-of-the-art antenna array synthesis methods, wireless power transmission systems, and more Innovative material derived from the author’s own research Foundations of Antenna Radiation Theory is ideal for graduate or advanced undergraduate students studying antenna theory, as well as for reference by researchers, engineers, and industry professionals in the areas of wireless technology.
Foundations of Applied Electrodynamics
by Wen GeyiFoundations of Applied Electrodynamics takes a fresh look at the essential concepts and methods of electrodynamics as a whole, uniting the most relevant contemporary topics under a common mathematical framework. It contains clear explanations of high-level concepts as well as the mutual relationships between the essential ideas of electromagnetic theory. Starting with the fundamentals of electrodynamics, it methodically covers a wide spectrum of research and applications that stem from electromagnetic phenomena, before concluding with more advanced topics such as quantum mechanics.Includes new advances and methodologies in applied electrodynamics, and provides the whole picture of the theory of electrodynamics in most active areas of engineering applicationsSystematically deals with eigenvalue problems, integral equation formulations and transient phenomena in various areas of applied electrodynamicsIntroduces the complete theory of spherical vector wave functions, and presents the upper bounds of the product of gain and bandwidth for an arbitrary antennaPresents the field approach to multiple antenna system, which provides a theoretical tool for the prediction of channel models of MIMO, and is also the basis of wireless power transmission systemOne of the first books on electromagnetics that contains the general theory of relativity, which is needed in the design of mobile systems such as global positioning system (GPS)By summarising both engineering and theoretical electromagnetism in one volume, this book is an essential reference for practicing engineers, as well as a guide for those who wish to advance their analytical techniques for studying applied electrodynamics.
Foundations of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics: Volume 1 A Holistic View
by Wendell H. ChunArtificial intelligence (AI) is a complicated science that combines philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, mathematics and logic (logicism), economics, computer science, computability, and software. Meanwhile, robotics is an engineering field that compliments AI. There can be situations where AI can function without a robot (e.g., Turing Test) and robotics without AI (e.g., teleoperation), but in many cases, each technology requires each other to exhibit a complete system: having "smart" robots and AI being able to control its interactions (i.e., effectors) with its environment. This book provides a complete history of computing, AI, and robotics from its early development to state‑of‑the‑art technology, providing a roadmap of these complicated and constantly evolving subjects.Divided into two volumes covering the progress of symbolic logic and the explosion in learning/deep learning in natural language and perception, this first volume investigates the coming together of AI (the mind) and robotics (the body), and discusses the state of AI today.Key Features: Provides a complete overview of the topic of AI, starting with philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and logicism, and extending to the action of the robots and AI needed for a futuristic society Provides a holistic view of AI, and touches on all the misconceptions and tangents to the technologies through taking a systematic approach Provides a glossary of terms, list of notable people, and extensive references Provides the interconnections and history of the progress of technology for over 100 years as both the hardware (Moore’s Law, GPUs) and software, i.e., generative AI, have advanced Intended as a complete reference, this book is useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students of computing, as well as the general reader. It can also be used as a textbook by course convenors. If you only had one book on AI and robotics, this set would be the first reference to acquire and learn about the theory and practice.
Foundations of Augmented Cognition
by Dylan D. Schmorrow Cali M. FidopiastisThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Foundations of Augmented Cognition, AC 2015, held as part of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2015, which took place in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in August 2015. HCII 2015 received a total of 4843 submissions, of which 1462 papers and 246 posters were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers thoroughly cover the entire field of Human-Computer Interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. The 78 papers presented in the AC 2015 proceedings address the following major topics: cognitive performance and work load, BCI and operational neuroscience, cognition, perception and emotion measurement, adaptive and tutoring training, applications of augmented cognition.
Foundations of Augmented Cognition (Human Factors and Ergonomics)
by Dylan D. SchmorrowBringing together a comprehensive and diverse collection of research, theory, and thought, this volume builds a foundation for the new field of Augmented Cognition research and development. The first section introduces general Augmented Cognition methods and techniques, including physiological and neurophysiological measures such as EEG and fNIR; a
Foundations of Average-Cost Nonhomogeneous Controlled Markov Chains (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Xi-Ren CaoThis Springer brief addresses the challenges encountered in the study of the optimization of time-nonhomogeneous Markov chains. It develops new insights and new methodologies for systems in which concepts such as stationarity, ergodicity, periodicity and connectivity do not apply. This brief introduces the novel concept of confluencity and applies a relative optimization approach. It develops a comprehensive theory for optimization of the long-run average of time-nonhomogeneous Markov chains. The book shows that confluencity is the most fundamental concept in optimization, and that relative optimization is more suitable for treating the systems under consideration than standard ideas of dynamic programming. Using confluencity and relative optimization, the author classifies states as confluent or branching and shows how the under-selectivity issue of the long-run average can be easily addressed, multi-class optimization implemented, and Nth biases and Blackwell optimality conditions derived. These results are presented in a book for the first time and so may enhance the understanding of optimization and motivate new research ideas in the area.
Foundations of Aviation Law
by Michael W. Pearson Daniel S. RileyFoundations of Aviation Law is an easy-reading general primer into the often complex world of aviation law, written for aviation students as well as legal professionals who are looking for broad-based, introductory coverage of the subject. The text begins with basic legal concepts that build a foundation for in-depth exploration of aviation-specific subject matter. This allows the instructor to utilize one text in situations where a basic foundation in law is required before moving into aviation law specifics. It includes citations to relevant and key court decisions that provide a solid underpinning for the student of aviation law. The book is divided into six general categories, with fifteen relevant sub-chapters, allowing focused learning into particular areas of law. Throughout it features chapter summaries, key word indices and review questions. The design easily allows instructors to develop syllabi that spotlight the specific area of law that they are interested in exploring, providing comprehensive coverage of both traditional introductory legal concepts and topical aviation subject matter.