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High-Performance Computing of Big Data for Turbulence and Combustion (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #592)
by Tapan K. Sengupta Sergio PirozzoliThis book provides state-of-art information on high-accuracy scientific computing and its future prospects, as applicable to the broad areas of fluid mechanics and combustion, and across all speed regimes. Beginning with the concepts of space-time discretization and dispersion relation in numerical computing, the foundations are laid for the efficient solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, with special reference to prominent approaches such as LES, DES and DNS. The basis of high-accuracy computing is rooted in the concept of stability, dispersion and phase errors, which require the comprehensive analysis of discrete computing by rigorously applying error dynamics. In this context, high-order finite-difference and finite-volume methods are presented. Naturally, the coverage also includes fundamental notions of high-performance computing and advanced concepts on parallel computing, including their implementation in prospective hexascale computers. Moreover, the book seeks to raise the bar beyond the pedagogical use of high-accuracy computing by addressing more complex physical scenarios, including turbulent combustion. Tools like proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), proper generalized decomposition (PGD), singular value decomposition (SVD), recursive POD, and high-order SVD in multi-parameter spaces are presented. Special attention is paid to bivariate and multivariate datasets in connection with various canonical flow and heat transfer cases. The book mainly addresses the needs of researchers and doctoral students in mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, and all applied disciplines including applied mathematics, offering these readers a unique resource.
High-Performance D/A-Converters
by Martin ClaraThis book deals with modeling and implementation of high performance, current-steering D/A-converters for digital transceivers in nanometer CMOS technology. In the first part, the fundamental performance limitations of current-steering DACs are discussed. Based on simplified models, closed-form expressions for a number of basic non-ideal effects are derived and tested. With the knowledge of basic performance limits, the converter and system architecture can be optimized in an early design phase, trading off circuit complexity, silicon area and power dissipation for static and dynamic performance. The second part describes four different current-steering DAC designs in standard 130 nm CMOS. The converters have a resolution in the range of 12-14 bits for an analog bandwidth between 2.2 MHz and 50 MHz and sampling rates from 100 MHz to 350 MHz. Dynamic-Element-Matching (DEM) and advanced dynamic current calibration techniques are employed to minimize the required silicon area.
High-Performance Ferrous Alloys
by Radhakanta RanaThe current state of understanding of emerging iron alloys and high-alloy ferrous systems, in comparison with some conventional steels, is compiled in this single volume to further their development. While most of the conventional steels are produced routinely today, many advanced high strength steels and iron-based alloys are still in the laboratory stage. The iron-based emerging alloys can yield high levels of mechanical and physical properties due to their new alloy concepts and novel microstructures leading to multiple benefits of their use in terms of sustainability and environmental impact. This book contains introductory chapters that present the requisite background knowledge on thermodynamics, phase diagrams, and processing routes used for the ferrous alloys to enable the readers a smooth understanding of the main chapters. Then, an overview of the conventional microalloyed steels and advanced high strength steels is given to present the benchmark of the existing steels and ferrous alloys manifesting their current state-of-the-art in terms of physical metallurgy and engineering applications. Subsequent chapters detail novel, emerging ferrous alloys and high-alloy ferrous systems. Summarizes the state-of-the-art of emerging iron-based alloys and the new processing and physical metallurgy-related developments of high-alloy iron systems;Explores new iron-based systems driven by the need for new properties, enhanced performance, sustainable processes and educed environmental impact;Compiles cutting-edge research on the progress of materials science of iron-based systems, from physical metallurgy to engineering applications, and possible avenues for future research.
High-Performance Integrated Charge Pumps: Design and Novel Solutions
by Gaetano Palumbo Andrea Ballo Alfio Dario GrassoThis book enables readers to gain a deep understanding of the challenges related to the design of a charge pump (CP). Analysis, modeling, design strategies and topologies are treated in detail. Novel and high-performance CP topologies and related design are organized in a coherent manner, with particular care devoted to ultra-low power and energy harvesting applications. The authors provide basic theoretical foundations as needed, in order to set the stage for readers’ comprehension of analyses and results. Exhaustive methodologies are presented and analytical derivations are included, enabling readers to gain insight on the main dependencies among the relevant circuit parameters. Although the material is presented in a formal and theoretical manner, emphasis is on the design perspective, using many practical examples and measured results.
High-Performance Metallic Composites Fabricated by Advanced Rolling Techniques
by Zhou Li Hailiang Yu Haitao GaoThis book summarizes recent efforts and advances in the roll bonding of metal laminates to reveal the potential mechanism. Based on the comprehensive understanding and our numerous original works, some important issues about the fabrication method, evolution mechanism of bonding interface and reinforcement factors of roll-bonded metal laminates are discussed and emphasized. Furthermore, some prospective viewpoints about the design, fabrication and fracture mechanism of roll-bonded metal laminates are proposed.
High-Performance Simulation-Based Optimization (Studies in Computational Intelligence #833)
by El-Ghazali Talbi Peter Korošec Thomas Bartz-Beielstein Bogdan FilipičThis book presents the state of the art in designing high-performance algorithms that combine simulation and optimization in order to solve complex optimization problems in science and industry, problems that involve time-consuming simulations and expensive multi-objective function evaluations. As traditional optimization approaches are not applicable per se, combinations of computational intelligence, machine learning, and high-performance computing methods are popular solutions. But finding a suitable method is a challenging task, because numerous approaches have been proposed in this highly dynamic field of research. That’s where this book comes in: It covers both theory and practice, drawing on the real-world insights gained by the contributing authors, all of whom are leading researchers. Given its scope, if offers a comprehensive reference guide for researchers, practitioners, and advanced-level students interested in using computational intelligence and machine learning to solve expensive optimization problems.
High-Performance Structural Fibers for Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesMilitary use of advanced polymer matrix composites (PMC)—consisting of a resin matrix reinforced by high-performance carbon or organic fibers—while extensive, accounts for less that 10 percent of the domestic market. Nevertheless, advanced composites are expected to play an even greater role in future military systems, and DOD will continue to require access to reliable sources of affordable, high-performance fibers including commercial materials and manufacturing processes. As a result of these forecasts, DOD requested the NRC to assess the challenges and opportunities associated with advanced PMCs with emphasis on high-performance fibers. This report provides an assessment of fiber technology and industries, a discussion of R&D opportunities for DOD, and recommendations about accelerating technology transition, reducing costs, and improving understanding of design methodology and promising technologies.
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
by Manmohan SrivastavaThe present edited book is the presentation of 18 in-depth national and international contributions from eminent professors, scientists and instrumental chemists from educational institutes, research organizations and industries providing their views on their experience, handling, observation and research outputs on HPTLC, a multi-dimensional instrumentation. The book describes the recent advancements made on TLC which have revolutionized and transformed it into a modern instrumental technique HPTLC. The book addresses different chapters on HPTLC fundamentals: principle, theory, understanding; instrumentation: implementation, optimization, validation, automation and qualitative and quantitative analysis; applications: phytochemical analysis, biomedical analysis, herbal drug quantification, analytical analysis, finger print analysis and potential for hyphenation: HPTLC future to combinatorial approach, HPTLC-MS, HPTLC-FTIR and HPTLC-Scanning Diode Laser. The chapters in the book have been designed in such away that the reader follows each step of the HPTLC in logical order.
High-Performance and High-Speed Pipelined ADCs (Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science, and Technology)
by Manar El-ChammasThis book discusses the theoretical foundations and design techniques needed to effectively design high-speed (multi-GS/s) and high-performance pipelined ADCs, which play a critical role in the signal chain of various systems. Readers will be walked through the design and analysis of pipelined ADCs and their topologies, and will learn both theoretical and practical design details that will enable them to explore and build these data converters. The author also presents details on various aspects of pipelined ADCs and their impact on the ADC speed and performance, with a focus on the input buffer and sampling network, the reference amplifier, comparators and their impact on ADC error rate and high-frequency performance, and mismatch estimation and correction.
High-Performance and Specialty Fibers
by Japan The Society of Fiber Science TechnoThis book reviews the key technologies and characteristics of the modern man-made specialty fibers mainly developed in Japan. Since the production of many low-cost man-made fibers shifted to China and other Asian countries, Japanese companies have focused on production of high-quality, high-performance super fibers as well as highly functionalized fibers so-called 'Shin-gosen'. ZylonTM and DyneemaTM manufactured by Toyobo, TechnoraTM produced by Teijin, and VectranTM developed by Kuraray are those examples of super fibers. Carbon fibers ToraycaTM from Toray have occupied the most advanced high-performance application area. Various types of polyester fibers having design-shaped cross-sections and special fiber morphologies and those showing specific physico-chemical properties have also been developed to acquire a high-value textile market of the world. This book describes how these high-tech fibers have been developed and what aspects are the most important in each fiber based on its structure-property relationship. Famous specialists both in industry and academia are responsible for the contents, explaining the design concepts and the special technologies for the production of these special fibers. For university teachers and students, this volume is an excellent textbook that elucidates the basic concepts of modern fibers. At the same time, researchers, both in academia and industry, will find a comprehensive overview of recent man-made fibers. This publication, presenting the most easily understandable general survey of specialty man-made fibers to date, is dedicated to the 70th-anniversary of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Japan.
High-Power Laser Material Processing for Engineers
by Joerg VolppThis book focuses on the mechanisms of how laser light is produced, guided, and focused for materials processing, and these are explained in an easy-to-understand language for practical use. It emphasizes a basic understanding of the principles necessary to run lasers in a safe and efficient way and provides information for quick access to laser materials processing for laser users. The book exhibits the following features:• Provides simple explanations and descriptions of complex laser material interaction mechanisms to help readers understand relevant effects during laser beam irradiation of materials.• Explains the main high-power laser materials processing methods, giving hints to get started with the processing and how to avoid imperfections.• Focuses on high-power laser applications that are explained in an accessible, descriptive way with practical explanations and minimal formulas.• Teaches how to measure laser beam characteristics and how to install and handle laser equipment correctly.• Gives practical advice on typical equipment arrangements and parameter ranges.This practical handbook serves as a guide for students studying production technologies to learn about laser processes, and for engineers who want to start working with laser processes safely and quickly.
High-Power Microwave Measurement
by Wenxiang Wang Lingna Yue Yanyu WeiThis book highlights a systematic introduction to the fundamentals and applications of high-power microwave measurement. The book conducts in-depth discussion of the measurement principles, theoretical basis, and measurement methods for the power, frequency, and modes of high-power microwaves. It covers a wide range of applications and comprehensively summarizes latest research advances from global scientists and the authors&’ team. The book can be used as a handy reference for researchers and engineers who are engaged in the research and practice of high-power microwaves. It can also be used as lecture notes for university professors and graduate students of related courses.
High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisms
by Kenji UchinoAs one of the pioneers of "Piezoelectric Actuators", I have contributed to the commercialization of various products for over 45 years, including million-selling devices, micro-ultrasonic motors for smart-phone camera modules by Samsung Electromechanics, piezoelectric transformers for backlight inverters by Apple laptops, multilayer PZT actuators for diesel injection valves by Denso Corporation, and piezoelectric energy harvesting modules for Programable Air-Burst Munition by the US Army. During the development period for "piezoelectric actuators and transformers," I found that the bottleneck for device miniaturization was heat generation under a high-power drive condition. Thus, in parallel to the piezo-actuator developments, I have been developing various high-power density piezo-ceramic materials with the loss mechanism clarification. Hence, I considered that it was time to organize a textbook based on the previous studies, including my materials development philosophy to stimulate younger generations to reach to the energy density of up to 100 W/cm3 in the future. Increasing efficiency and saving energy and space (compactness) are one of the important approaches in this 21st-century "sustainable society." High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisims introduces the theoretical background of piezoelectrics, electromechanical phenomenology, loss mechanisms, practical materials, device designs, drive and characterization techniques, and typical applications, and looks forward to the future perspectives in this field. This book is NOT an overall review of this area, but it focuses on important and basic ideas under my development philosophy to understand how to design and develop high-power piezoelectric materials and devices. This textbook is designed for self-learning by the reader aided by the availability of: • Chapter Essentials – Summary for quick memory recovery • Check Points – Answers are provided in the Appendix • Example Problems – To enhance the reader’s understanding with full, detailed solutions • Chapter Problems – For the final exam or further consideration
High-Precision W-Boson Studies with LHCb: Measurements of the W Boson's Mass and Lepton Flavour Universality, and Trigger Development for the LHCb Upgrade (Springer Theses)
by Ross HunterThis book details a new and ground-breaking contribution to the search for a successor to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics - the largest modern endeavour in the field. In the hope of seeing a discrepancy with the SM's predictions, this work discusses two hitherto unforeseen measurements at the frontier of experimental precision: a measurement of W-boson mass and a test of the fundamental axiom of the W boson's lepton flavour universality (LFU). Both measurements are made by analysing collision data from the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, and represent the establishment of a new field of high-precision Standard Model tests with LHCb. This book also describes the development of new software tools for the optimisation of the LHCb trigger system, which helps to ensure that LHCb's exciting physics program can continue to prosper into the future. This book is accessible to those with graduate—or master's—level training in experimental particle physics.
High-Pressure Crystallography
by Elena Boldyreva Przemyslaw DeraThis book is devoted to the theme of crystallographic studies at high pressure, with emphasis on the phenomena characteristic to the compressed state of matter, as well as experimental and theoretical techniques, used to study these phenomena. As a thermodynamic parameter, pressure is remarkable in many ways. It spans in the visible universe over sixty orders of magnitude, from the non-equilibrium pressure of hydrogen in intergalactic space, to the kind of pressure encountered within neutron stars. In laboratory, it provides unique possibility to control structure and properties of materials, dramatically alter electronic properties, break existing, or form new chemical bonds. This agenda naturally encompasses elements of physics (properties, structure and transformations), chemistry (reactions, transport), materials science (new materials) and engineering (mechanical properties); in addition it has direct applications and implications for geology (minerals in deep Earth environments), planetary sciences, biology and medicine (deep sea ecosystems, membranes, protein and nucleic acid folding, origins of life, deactivation of viruses and toxins). Beyond its specificity, high-pressure science finds direct or indirect (e.g. economic) applications in several fields of modern technology, such as mechanical engineering, optoelectronics and spintronics, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry and food processing.
High-Pressure Physics (Scottish Graduate Series)
by John LovedayHigh-pressure science has undergone a revolution in the last 15 years. The development of intense new x-ray and neutron sources, improved detectors, new instrumentation, greatly increased computation power, and advanced computational algorithms have enabled researchers to determine the behavior of matter at static pressures in excess of 400 GPa. Sh
High-Productivity Drilling Tools: Design and Geometry
by Viktor P. AstakhovThis completely updated volume covers the design, manufacturing, and inspection of high‑productivity drilling tools (HPDT) and addresses common issues with drilling system components. It discards old notions and beliefs as it introduces scientifically and technically sound concepts and rules with detailed explanations and multiple practical examples.High‑Productivity Drilling Tools: Design and Geometry introduces the development of the concept of high‑productivity (HP) drill design and its manufacturing and application features. This book continues to develop the concept of a drilling system in the new edition and includes new practical examples. It explains how to properly design and manufacture drilling tools for a specific application and includes a detailed explanation of the design features, tool manufacturing and implementation practices, metrology of drilling and drilling tools, and the tool failure analysis. Using the coherency law as the guidelines introduced in the first edition, the new edition shows how to formulate the requirements for the components of the drilling system, pointing out that the drilling tool is the key component to be improved.This practical book should be on the shelves of all industrial engineers, those working in production and manufacturing, process designers, tool material designers, cutting tool designers, and quality specialists. Researchers, senior undergraduate students, and graduate students will also find this book full of very helpful reference information.
High-Productivity Drilling Tools: Materials, Metrology, and Failure Analysis
by Viktor P. AstakhovThis completely updated volume covers tool materials, tolerances, an inspection of drilling tools, requirements of tool drawings with examples, and methodologies and procedures of failure analysis. It introduces a new line of HP drilling tools called VPA designs and brings it into sharp focus signifying its importance in drilling operations.High-Productivity Drilling Tools: Materials, Metrology, and Failure Analysis further develops the concept of the metrology of the drilling tools introduced in the first edition. For the first time, the relevant metrological parameters are clearly defined with tolerance for HPHD with practical examples of step-by-step inspection/measurement using advanced tool measurement microscopes and CNC machines. A pros and cons list as a quick and easy decision-making tool for the choice of measuring equipment for a particular application is offered along with practical examples of drilling tool drawings to help tool designers, cutting tool and manufacturing engineers, and users in their everyday activities in the design and selection of HPDT for a particular application. An unparalleled presentation of metalworking fluids (MWFs, a.k.a. coolants) is given and covers all the start of the business: selection, implementation in HPDT and drilling operation, monitoring, and maintenance. A two-step procedure for successful implementation of near-dry machining (NDM) or minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is presented, and a discussion of the wear of the drilling tool, its proper assessments, and metrics are provided in the evaluation of tool life and quality of machined holes.This practical book should be on the shelves of all industrial engineers, those working in production and manufacturing, process designers, tool material designers, cutting tool designers, and quality specialists. Researchers, senior undergraduate students, and graduate students will also find this book full of very helpful reference information and the source of new ideas and notions in drilling tool development.
High-Quality Steel Rolling: Theory and Practice (ISSN #Vol. 39)
by Vladimir B. GinzburgEmphasizing solutions to the problems of achieving tight tolerances of important geometrical parameters such as thickness, width, cross-sectional profile, and flatness, this reference focuses on the principles and applications of the latest technology for producing high-quality, flat-rolled steel products.;Illustrated with more than 700 drawings, H
High-Quality, Resilient and Safe Cities (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #729)
by Ali Cheshmehzangi Baojie He Peng Zeng Guofang Zhai Yangli Li Tian ChenThis book is a proceeding of the Conference on High-Quality Urban Development and Beautiful Countryside Construction (UDCC). This work focuses on the latest thoughts, ideas, models, methods, solutions, and practices on resilient, low-carbon, and sustainable city through planning and design, covering interdisciplinary topics in architecture, urban-rural planning, meteorology, building and construction engineering, material engineering, geographic sciences, public health, public administration, computer sciences, etc. This book can provide students and researchers from urban planning, urban design, urban meteorology, civil and construction engineering and urban governance with better understanding of urban climate sciences, innovative ideas, and tangible solutions.
High-Rate, High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution Systems (Springer Theses)
by Nurul T. IslamThis book describes a broad research program on quantum communication. Here, a cryptographic key is exchanged by two parties using quantum states of light and the security of the system arises from the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. The author developed new communication protocols using high-dimensional quantum states so that more than one classical bit is transferred by each photon. This approach helps circumvent some of the non-ideal properties of the experimental system, enabling record key rates on metropolitan distance scales. Another important aspect of the work is the encoding of the key on high-dimensional phase-randomized weak coherent states, combined with so-called decoy states to thwart a class of possible attacks on the system. The experiments are backed up by a rigorous security analysis of the system, which accounts for all known device non-idealities. The author goes on to demonstrate a scalable approach for increasing the dimension of the quantum states, and considers attacks on the system that use optimal quantum cloning techniques. This thesis captures the current state-of-the-art of the field of quantum communication in laboratory systems, and demonstrates that phase-randomized weak coherent states have application beyond quantum communication.
High-Ratio Voltage Conversion in CMOS for Efficient Mains-Connected Standby
by Michiel Steyaert Hans MeyvaertThis book describes synergetic innovation opportunities offered by combining the field of power conversion with the field of integrated circuit (IC) design. The authors demonstrate how integrating circuits enables increased operation frequency, which can be exploited in power converters to reduce drastically the size of the discrete passive components. The authors introduce multiple power converter circuits, which are very compact as result of their high level of integration. First, the limits of high-power-density low-voltage monolithic switched-capacitor DC-DC conversion are investigated to enable on-chip power granularization. AC-DC conversion from the mains to a low voltage DC is discussed, enabling an efficient and compact, lower-power auxiliary power supply to take over the power delivery during the standby mode of mains-connected appliances, allowing the main power converter of these devices to be shut down fully.
High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy: Instrumentation, Data Analysis, and Science (Springer Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology)
by Cosimo Bambi Jiachen JiangNASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton Observatory have been the pioneering satellites for studying the Universe with X-rays and the cornerstone of X-ray spectroscopy since their launches more than 20 years ago. The onboard gratings provide us a unique opportunity to distinguish individual spectral lines from different atoms thanks to their high energy resolutions. Enormous discoveries have been achieved by these two missions when observing a variety of X-ray-emitting astronomical objects, such as black holes, supernova remnants, clusters of galaxies, and stars. However, the data are limited to fairly bright X-ray sources. The recent JAXA's mission Hitomi opened a new window of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy thanks to its onboard X-ray calorimeter. Although this mission was shortly terminated due to a mishap, Hitomi left behind a few sets of observations awaiting more data mining. The first half of this book introduces the history of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and different generations of X-ray spectrometers. A tutorial guide on how to reduce, analyze, and understand the astronomical data from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Hitomi is also included. The second half of the book reviews past results obtained by the high-resolution spectrometers on these missions on multiple topics and discusses possible discoveries by upcoming missions in the next decade.
High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts
by Jacinto SáPhoton-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy is an emerging approach to characterize the electronic structure of catalysts and enzymes, and it is either installed or planned for intense synchrotron beam lines and X-ray free electron lasers. This type of spectroscopy requires high-energy resolution spectroscopy not only for the incoming X-ray beam b
High-Resolution and Robust Signal Processing (Signal Processing and Communications #Vol. 24)
by Yingbo Hua Alex B. Gershman Qi ChengHigh-Resolution and Robust Signal Processing describes key methodological and theoretical advances achieved in this domain over the last twenty years, placing emphasis on modern developments and recent research pursuits. Applications-grounded, this sophisticated resource links theoretical background with high-resolution methods used in wireless communications, brain signal analysis, and space-time radar signal processing.Chapter extras include theorem proofs, derivations, and computational shortcuts, as well as open problems, numerical measurement, and performance examples, and simulation resultsSixteen illustrious field leaders invest High-Resolution and Robust Signal Processing with: in-depth reviews of parametric high-resolution estimation and detection techniques; robust array processing solutions for adaptive beam forming and high-resolution direction finding; Parafac techniques for high-resolution array processing and specific areas of application; high-resolution nonparametric methods and implementation tactics for spectral analysis; multidimensional high-resolution data models and discussion of R-D unitary ESPRIT with colored noise; multidimensional high-resolution parameter estimation techniques applicable to channel sounding; estimation procedures for high-resolution space-time radar signal processing using 2-D or 1-D/1-D models; and models and methods for EEG/MEG space-time dipole source estimation and sensory array design.