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Imagination and a Pile of Junk: A Droll History of Inventors and Inventions
by Trevor Norton'In his whistle-stop tour of inventions large and small, the scientist Trevor Norton shares the Gershwins' view that invention is fundamentally comic.' The Sunday TimesTrevor Norton, who has been compared to Gerard Durrell and Bill Bryson, weaves an entertaining history with a seductive mix of eureka moments, disasters and dirty tricks. Although inventors were often scientists or engineers, many were not: Samuel Morse (Morse code) was a painter, Lazlow Biro (ballpoint) was a sculptor and hypnotist, and Logie Baird (TV) sold boot polish. The inventor of the automatic telephone switchboard was an undertaker who believed the operator was diverting his calls to rival morticians so he decided to make all telephone operators redundant. Inventors are mavericks indifferent to conventional wisdom so critics were dismissive of even their best ideas: radio had 'no future,' electric light was 'an idiotic idea' and X-rays were 'a hoax.' Even so, the state of New Jersey moved to ban X-ray opera glasses. The head of the General Post Office rejected telephones as unneccesary as there were 'plenty of small boys to run messages.'Inventomania is a magical place where eccentrics are always in season and their stories are usually unbelievable - but rest assured, nothing has been invented.
Imagined Worlds (Jerusalem-Harvard Lectures)
by Freeman DysonImagine a world where whole eons will pass, cultures rise and fall, between a telephone call and its reply. Think of the human race multiplying 500-millionfold or evolving new, unique species. Consider the technology of space colonization, computer-assisted reproduction, the "Martian potato." One hundred years after H. G. Wells visited the future in "The Time Machine," Freeman Dyson marshals his uncommon gifts as a scientist and storyteller to take us once more to such worlds, which may or may not be in our future.
Imaging Cell Signaling (Methods in Molecular Biology #2800)
by Robert F. Murphy Christoph WülfingThis volume explores recent innovations across the entire pipeline of imaging signal transduction, cell preparation, cellular manipulation, image acquisition, and computational analysis. The chapters in this book cover topics such as rapid preparation of living Drosophila pupal macrophages for ex vivo imaging; controlling the potency of T cell activation using an optically tuneable chimeric antigen receptor; in situ imaging of proteins using DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy; reconstructing signaling networks using biosensor barcoding; and morphological, spatial, and dynamic models for cellular components. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Imaging Cell Signaling is a valuable resource that provides guidance to researchers looking to learn how to effectively tailor design projects to image, manipulate, and model signal transduction.
Imaging Light with Photoelectrons on the Nano-Femto Scale (Springer Theses)
by Yanan DaiThis thesis presents significant advances in the imaging and theory of the ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmon polariton fields. The author details construction of a sub-10 femtosecond and sub-10 nanometer spatiotemporal resolution ultrafast photoemission microscope which is subsequently used for the discovery of topological meron and skyrmion-like plasmonic quasiparticles. In particular, this enabled the creation of movies of the surface plasmon polariton fields evolving on sub-optical wavelength scales at around 0.1 femtosecond per image frame undergoing vortex phase evolution. The key insight that the transverse spin of surface plasmon polaritons undergoes a texturing into meron or skyrmion-like topological quasiparticles (defined by the geometric charge of the preparation) follows. In addition, this thesis develops an analytical theory of these new topological quasiparticles, opening new avenues of research, while the ultrafast microscopy techniques established within will also be broadly applicable to studies of nanoscale optical excitations in electronic materials.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2688)
by Laura M Cole Malcolm R ClenchThis second edition details new and updated chapters on key methodologies and breakthroughs in the mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) field. Chapters guide readers through nano-Desorption Electrospray Ionisation (nDESI), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-2 (MALDI-2), Laser Ablation - Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) ,Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) with a variety of diverse samples including eye tissue, crop analysis, 3D cell culture models, and counterfeit goods analysis. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.
Imaging Methods for Novel Materials and Challenging Applications, Volume 3
by Cosme Furlong Helena Jin Sanichiro Yoshida Cesar SciammarellaImaging Methods for Novel Materials and Challenging Applications, Volume 3: Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the third volume of seven from the Conference, brings together 62 contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental and Applied Mechanics, including papers on: Role of optical interferometry in advancement of material characterizationThree-dimensional imaging and volumetric correlationDigital holography and experimental mechanicsDigital image correlationMetrology and displacement measurement at different scalesOptical methods for dynamic testsOptical methods for and with MEMS and NEMSThermomechanics and infrared imagingImaging methods applied to biomaterials and soft materialsApplied photoelasticityOptical measurement systems using polarized lightHybrid imaging techniquesContouring of surfacesNovel optical techniques
Imaging Radar Polarimetric Rotation Domain Interpretation: Theory and Applications (SAR Remote Sensing)
by Si-Wei ChenPolarimetric rotation domain interpretation is an innovation in radar image processing and understanding. Orientation rotation is a basic operator well known in the classic polarimetry theory, and significant advancement has been made in recent years. This book presents new and advanced concepts, theories, and methodologies in radar polarimetry and bridges the gaps between target scattering diversity, polarimetric radar data, and their practical applications. It provides a comprehensive summarization and investigation of polarimetric rotation domain features and demonstrates novel applications of polarimetric radar target detection, classification, target structure recognition, and urban damage mapping.FEATURES Focuses on basic concepts, key techniques, and various applications of the polarimetric rotation domain interpretation paradigm for the first time in book form Explains, represents, and utilizes the radar target scattering diversity effect Identifies new methods for target polarimetric scattering mechanism understanding Provides a comprehensive investigation of polarimetric roll-invariant features Includes novel application developments for imaging radar target detection, structure recognition, and damage mapping This book is written for researchers and professionals in radar polarimetry, radar imaging, microwave remote sensing, environmental studies, and other related fields. Senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as teachers in the same fields, will benefit from the advancements highlighted in this book.
Imaging Sensors, Power Management, PLLs and Frequency Synthesizers: Advances in Analog Circuit Design 2023
by Bram Nauta Kofi A. A. Makinwa Andrea BaschirottoThis book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 31st workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design held in Villach, Austria. In it, expert designers share their insights on a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, with specific contributions focusing on the design of imaging sensors, power management circuits, PLLs and frequency synthesizers. As such, for anyone involved in analog circuit research and development, this book provides a valuable overview of the state-of-the-art.
Imaging Systems for GI Endoscopy, and Graphs in Biomedical Image Analysis: First MICCAI Workshop, ISGIE 2022, and Fourth MICCAI Workshop, GRAIL 2022, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2022, Singapore, September 18, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13754)
by Emanuele Trucco Bartlomiej Papiez Davide Lomanto Russell H. Taylor Luigi Manfredi Seyed-Ahmad Ahmadi Michael Bronstein Anees Kazi Alwyn Mathew Ludovic Magerand Kamilia MullakaevaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the first MICCAI Workshop, ISGIE 2022, Imaging Systems for GI Endoscopy, and the Fourth MICCAI Workshop, GRAIL 2022, GRaphs in biomedicAL Image and analysis, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2022, Singapore, September 18, 2022.ISGIE 2022 accepted 6 papers from the 8 submissions received.This workshop focuses on novel scientific contributions to vision systems, imaging algorithms as well as the autonomous system for endorobot for GI endoscopy. This includes lesion and lumen detection, as well as 3D reconstruction of the GI tract and hand-eye coordination. GRAIL 2022 accepted 6 papers from the 10 submissions received. The workshop aims to bring together scientists that use and develop graph-based models for the analysis of biomedical images and to encourage the exploration of graph-based models for difficult clinical problems within a variety of biomedical imaging contexts.
Imaging Technologies and Data Processing for Food Engineers
by Nesli SozerFood products are complex in nature which makes their analysis difficult. Different scientific disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology, and nutrition, together with engineering concepts are involved in their characterization. However, imaging of food materials and data analysis has gained more importance due to innovations in the food industry, as well as the emergence of food nanotechnology. Image analysis protocols and techniques can be used in food structure analysis and process monitoring. Therefore, food structure imaging is crucial for various sections of the food chain starting from the raw material to the end product. This book provides information on imaging techniques such as electron microscopy, laser microscopy, x-ray tomography, raman and infrared imaging, together with data analysis protocols. It addresses the most recent advances in imaging technologies and data analysis of grains, liquid food systems (i. e. emulsions and gels), semi-solid and solid foams (i. e. bakery products, dough, expanded snacks), protein films, fruits and vegetable confectionery and nuts. This book also: Provides in-depth view of raw material characterization and process control Covers structure-functionality and structure-texture relationships Reviews applications to emerging areas of food science with an insight into future trends
Imaging Through Turbulence
by Michael C. Roggemann Byron M. WelshLearn how to overcome resolution limitations caused by atmospheric turbulence in Imaging Through Turbulence. This hands-on book thoroughly discusses the nature of turbulence effects on optical imaging systems, techniques used to overcome these effects, performance analysis methods, and representative examples of performance. Neatly pulling together widely scattered material, it covers Fourier and statistical optics, turbulence effects on imaging systems, simulation of turbulence effects and correction techniques, speckle imaging, adaptive optics, and hybrid imaging. Imaging Through Turbulence is written in tutorial style, logically guiding you through these essential topics. It helps you bring down to earth the complexities of coping with turbulence.
Imaging and Imagining the Fetus: The Development of Obstetric Ultrasound
by Malcolm Nicolson John E. FlemingHow engineers and clinicians developed the ultrasound diagnostic scanner and how its use in obstetrics became controversial.To its proponents, the ultrasound scanner is a safe, reliable, and indispensable aid to diagnosis. Its detractors, on the other hand, argue that its development and use are driven by the technological enthusiasms of doctors and engineers (and the commercial interests of manufacturers) and not by concern to improve the clinical care of women. In some U.S. states, an ultrasound scan is now required by legislation before a woman can obtain an abortion, adding a new dimension to an already controversial practice. Imaging and Imagining the Fetus engages both the development of a modern medical technology and the concerted critique of that technology.Malcolm Nicolson and John Fleming relate the technical and social history of ultrasound imaging—from early experiments in Glasgow in 1956 through wide deployment in the British hospital system by 1975 to its ubiquitous use in maternity clinics throughout the developed world by the end of the twentieth century. Obstetrician Ian Donald and engineer Tom Brown created ultrasound technology in Glasgow, where their prototypes were based on the industrial flaw detector, an instrument readily available to them in the shipbuilding city. As a physician, Donald supported the use of ultrasound for clinical purposes, and as a devout High Anglican he imbued the images with moral significance. He opposed abortion—decisions about which were increasingly guided by the ultrasound technology he pioneered—and he occasionally used ultrasound images to convince pregnant women not to abort the fetuses they could now see.Imaging and Imagining the Fetus explores why earlier innovators failed where Donald and Brown succeeded. It also shows how ultrasound developed into a "black box" technology whose users can fully appreciate the images they produce but do not, and have no need to, understand the technology, any more than do users of computers. These "images of the fetus may be produced by machines," the authors write, "but they live vividly in the human imagination."
Imaging and Manipulating Molecular Orbitals: Proceedings of the 3rd AtMol International Workshop, Berlin 24-25 September 2012
by Christian Joachim Leonard GrillImaging and Manipulating Molecular Orbitals celebrates the 60th anniversary of the first image of a single molecule by E. Müller. This book summarizes the advances in the field from various groups around the world who use a broad range of experimental techniques: scanning probe microscopy (STM and AFM), field emission microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, attosecond tomography and photoemission spectroscopy. The book is aimed at those who are interested in the field of molecular orbital imaging and manipulation. Included in the book are a variety of experimental techniques in combination with theoretical approaches which describe the spatial distribution and energies of the molecular orbitals. The goal is to provide the reader with an up-to-date summary on the latest developments in this field from various points of view.
Imaging for Forensics and Security
by Ahmed BouridaneImaging for Forensics and Security: From Theory to Practice provides a detailed analysis of new imaging and pattern recognition techniques for the understanding and deployment of biometrics and forensic techniques as practical solutions to increase security. It contains a collection of the recent advances in the technology ranging from theory, design, and implementation to performance evaluation of biometric and forensic systems. This book also contains new methods such as the multiscale approach, directional filter bank, and wavelet maxima for the development of practical solutions to biometric problems. The book introduces a new forensic system based on shoeprint imagery with advanced techniques for use in forensics applications. It also presents the concept of protecting the originality of biometric images stored in databases against intentional and unintentional attacks and fraud detection data in order to further increase the security.
Imaging for Plastic Surgery
by Luca Saba Warren M. Rozen Alberto Alonso-Burgos Diego RibuffoPreoperative imaging is increasingly being adopted for preoperative planning in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Accurate preoperative analysis can reduce the length of operations and maximize surgical design and dissection techniques. Imaging for Plastic Surgery covers the techniques, applications, and potentialities of medical imaging technology in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Presenting state-of-the-art research on evolving imaging modalities, this cutting-edge text: Provides a practical introduction to imaging modalities that can be used during preoperative planning Addresses imaging principles of the face, head, neck, breast, trunk, and extremities Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of all available imaging modalities Demonstrates the added value of imaging in different clinical scenarios Comprised of contributions from world-class experts in the field, Imaging for Plastic Surgery is an essential imaging resource for surgeons, radiologists, and patient care professionals.
Imaging for Students
by David Lisle Craig Hacking'I would have found this book invaluable at medical school, but as a now qualified GP I think it is a fabulous resource. The fact it covers so much is remarkable … It is so comprehensive – great images, well explained.' Donna Pilkington, GP with an interest in medical education, Northern Ireland, UK 'It is direct and succinct. Just what you need in a portable book that aims to give you the essentials [it does] a great job of incorporating a huge amount of information covering the wide range of radiology examinations and procedures into a readable and practical book for students. A good introduction for year 1 radiology residents too.' Dr Mike Hurrell, Clinical Senior Lecturer and Consultant Radiologist, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand 'The text works very well for the Medical Imaging Students – providing an overview of each modality and key insights into the clinical question to be resolved … the information is presented in an accessible fashion and well-illustrated.' Associate Professor Debbie Starkey, Discipline Leader, Medical Radiation Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Imaging for Students delivers step-by-step guidance to the range of imaging techniques available, providing a clear explanation of how each imaging modality actually works, and including information on the associated risks and hazards. Throughout, the importance of patient preparation and post-procedure observation is emphasized. Taking information from evidence-based studies and published guidelines, in line with current clinical practice, the book takes a highly logical approach to the investigation of clinical scenarios, where possible indicating the 'best first test'—vital to both appropriate clinical and cost-effective decision-making. Key Features: Readable and concise – focusing on the common diseases that medical students most frequently encounterFully revised and updated – including up-to-date information on the latest imaging techniques including spectral CT, liver elastography, new and emerging PET techniques, multiparametric imaging and the role of AIHeavily illustrated - over 450 high-quality photographs, many new to this edition including colour images, are essential to support this visual subjectHighly structured and accessible format – plentiful use of tables and lists, and introduction of new summary boxes, all ideal for study and exam preparationCompanion website – image library including normal anatomy, clinical cases and MCQs for self-assessment, RADS reporting systems and detailed staging systems for common tumours relevant to each section; visit www.routledge.com/cw/hacking Drawing on the extensive clinical and teaching experience of its respected author team, the fifth edition of Imaging for Students gives students and junior doctors everything they need to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and possible side effects of the imaging modalities available, and how to apply them appropriately in clinical practice. The Authors: Craig Hacking is an Associate Professor of Radiology and Academic Lead for Clinical Radiology, University of Queensland Medical School and a Consultant Radiologist and the Medical Director of Medical Imaging at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. David Lisle is an Associate Professor of Medical Imaging, University of Queensland Medical School, a Consultant Radiologist at Brisbane Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, an examiner for the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists and is the author of previous editions of Imaging for Students. </
Imaging for Students
by David A LisleImaging for Students delivers step-by-step guidance to the range of imaging techniques available, providing a clear explanation of how each imaging modality actually works, and including information on the associated risks and hazards. Throughout, the importance of patient preparation and post-procedure observation is emphasized.Taking information
Imaging from Cells to Animals In Vivo (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
by Margarida M. Barroso and Xavier IntesThis book offers an overview of imaging techniques used to investigate cells and tissue in their native environment. It covers the range of imaging approaches used, as well as the application of those techniques to the study of biological processes in cells and whole tissues within living organisms.
Imaging from Spaceborne and Airborne SARs, Calibration, and Applications (SAR Remote Sensing)
by Masanobu ShimadaSixty years after its birth, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) evolved as a key player of earth observation, and it is continually upgraded by enhanced hardware functionality and improved overall performance in response to user requirements. The basic information gained by SAR includes the backscattering coefficient of targets, their phases (the truncated distance between SAR and its targets), and their polarization dependence. The spatiotemporal combination of the multiple data operated on the satellite or aircraft significantly increases its sensitivity to detect changes on earth, including temporal variations of the planet in amplitude and the interferometric change for monitoring disasters; deformations caused by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and landslides; environmental changes; ship detection; and so on. Earth-orbiting satellites with the appropriate sensors can detect environmental changes because of their large spatial coverage and availability. Imaging from Spaceborne and Airborne SARs, Calibration, and Applications provides A-to-Z information regarding SAR researches through 15 chapters that focus on the JAXA L-band SAR, including hardware description, principles of SAR imaging, theoretical description of SAR imaging and error, ScanSAR imaging, polarimetric calibration, inflight antenna pattern, SAR geometry and ortho rectification, SAR calibration, defocusing for moving targets, large-scale SAR imaging and mosaic, interferometric SAR processing, irregularities, application, and forest estimation. Sample data are created by using L-band SAR, JERS-1, PALSAR, PALSAR-2, and Pi-SAR-L2. This book is based on the author’s experience as a principal researcher at JAXA with responsibilities for L-band SAR operation and researches. It reveals the inside of SAR processing and application researches performed at JAXA, which makes this book a valuable reference for a wide range of SAR researchers, professionals, and students.
Imaging in Cellular and Tissue Engineering
by Hanry Yu Nur Aida Abdul RahimDetails on specific imaging modalities for different cellular and tissue engineering applications are scattered throughout articles and chapters in the literature. Gathering this information into a single reference, Imaging in Cellular and Tissue Engineering presents both the fundamentals and state of the art in imaging methods, approaches, and app
Imaging in Photodynamic Therapy (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
by Michael R. Hamblin Yingying HuangThis book covers the broad field of cellular, molecular, preclinical, and clinical imaging either associated with or combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT). It showcases how this approach is used clinically for cancer, infections, and diseases characterized by unwanted tissue such as atherosclerosis or blindness. Because the photosensitizers are also fluorescent, the book also addresses various imaging systems such as confocal microscopy and small animal imaging systems, and highlights how they have been used to follow and optimize treatment, and to answer important mechanistic questions. Chapters also discuss how imaging has made important contributions to clinical outcomes in skin, bladder, and brain cancers, as well as in the development of theranostic agents for detection and treatment of disease. This book provides a resource for physicians and research scientists in cell biology, microscopy, optics, molecular imaging, oncology, and drug discovery.
Imaging of the Cardiovascular System, Thorax, and Abdomen
by Luca SabaMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique used in biomedical imaging and radiology to visualize internal structures of the body. Because MRI provides excellent contrast between different soft tissues, the technique is especially useful for diagnostic imaging of the brain, muscles, and heart. <P><P>In the past 20 years, MRI technology has improved significantly with the introduction of systems up to 7 Tesla (7 T) and with the development of numerous post-processing algorithms such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), and spectroscopic imaging. From these developments, the diagnostic potentialities of MRI have improved impressively with an exceptional spatial resolution and the possibility of analyzing the morphology and function of several kinds of pathology. <P><P>Given these exciting developments, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Handbook: Imaging of the Cardiovascular System, Thorax, and Abdomen is a timely addition to the growing body of literature in the field. Offering comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge imaging modalities, this book: <Li>Discusses MRI of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, breasts, diaphragm, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gastrointestinal tract <Li>Explains how MRI can be used in vascular, posttraumatic, postsurgical, and computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) applications <Li>Highlights each organ’s anatomy and pathological processes with high-quality images <Li>Examines the protocols and potentialities of advanced MRI scanners such as 7 T systems <Li>Includes extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance further study <P><P>Thus, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Handbook: Imaging of the Cardiovascular System, Thorax, and Abdomen provides radiologists and imaging specialists with a valuable, state-of-the-art reference on MRI.
Imaging of the Pelvis, Musculoskeletal System, and Special Applications to CAD
by Luca SabaMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique used in biomedical imaging and radiology to visualize internal structures of the body. Because MRI provides excellent contrast between different soft tissues, the technique is especially useful for diagnostic imaging of the brain, muscles, and heart.In the past 20 years, MRI technology has improved si
Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods
by Anna W. RoeThe technology of detecting and interpreting patterns of reflected light has reached a remarkable degree of maturity that now permits high spatial and temporal resolution visualization at both the systems and cellular levels. There now exist several optical imaging methodologies, based on either hemodynamic changes in nervous tissue or neurally-induced light scattering changes, that can be used to measure ongoing activity in the brain. In two parts, Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods discusses the history of optical imaging and its use in the study of brain function, and the rapidly developing optical technologies and their applications that have recently developed. These include intrinsic signal optical imaging, near-infrared optical imaging, fast optical imaging based on scattered light, optical imaging with voltage sensitive dyes, and 2 photon imaging of hemodynamic signals. In total, this volume will encapsulate the current state of optical imaging methodologies and their contribution towards understanding the spatial and temporal organization of cerebral cortical function.
Imaging with Electromagnetic Spectrum
by Annamalai Manickavasagan Hemantha JayasuriyaThis book demonstrates how imaging techniques, applying different frequency bands from the electromagnetic spectrum, are used in scientific research. Illustrated with numerous examples this book is structured according to the different radiation bands: From Gamma-rays over UV and IR to radio frequencies. In order to ensure a clear understanding of the processing methodologies, the text is enriched with descriptions of how digital images are formed, acquired, processed and how to extract information from them. A special emphasis is given to the application of imaging techniques in food and agriculture research.