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Independent Metering Electro-Hydraulic Control System
by Ruqi Ding Min ChengThis book shows an independent metering electro-hydraulic control system involving its flexible hardware layouts, complex software control, representative products and applications. The book includes one chapter introducing the background and motivation of the independent metering electro-hydraulic control system. It also includes one chapter to summarize various hardware layouts involving the utilized hydraulic components and circuits, as well as analyze their advantages and disadvantages. It emphatically consists of four chapters demonstrating the detailed multivariable control strategies from three levels: load, valve and pump, together with fault-tolerant control under the fault condition. It includes a last chapter, in which products of independent metering control valve and their applications in some typical heavy-duty mobile machinery are collective works of reviews illustrative of recent advances. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of fluid power transmission and control.
Independent Variables for Optical Surfacing Systems
by Haobo ChengIndependent Variables for Optical Surfacing Systems discusses the characterization and application of independent variables of optical surfacing systems and introduces the basic principles of surfacing technologies and common surfacing systems. All the pivotal variables influencing surface quality are analyzed; evaluation methods for surface quality, the removal capability of tool influence functions, and a series of novel optical surfacing systems are introduced. The book also particularly focuses on the multi-path mode and dwell time used for deterministic surfacing. Researchers and graduate students working in optical engineering will benefit from this book; optical engineers in the industry will also find it a valuable reference work. Haobo Cheng is a professor at Beijing Institute of Technology.
Index Modulation for 5G Wireless Communications
by Liuqing Yang Xiang Cheng Miaowen WenThis book presents a thorough examination of index modulation, an emerging 5G modulation technique. It includes representative transmitter and receiver design, optimization, and performance analysis of index modulation in various domains. First, the basic spatial modulation system for the spatial domain is introduced. Then, the development of a generalized pre-coding aided quadrature spatial modulation system as well as a virtual spatial modulation system are presented. For the space-time domain, a range of differential spatial modulation systems are examined, along with the pre-coding design. Both basic and enhanced index modulated OFDM systems for the frequency domain are discussed, focusing on the verification of their strong capabilities in inter-carrier interference mitigation. Finally, key open problems are highlighted and future research directions are considered. Designed for researchers and professionals, this book is essential for anyone working in communications networking, 5G, and system design. Advanced-level students of engineering and computer science interested in efficiency techniques will also find the content valuable.
Index Modulation for OFDM Communications Systems (Wireless Networks)
by Qiang Li Xiang Cheng Miaowen WenThanks to their considerable advantages, index modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are considered to be promising candidates for future wireless communications. This book focuses on the index modulation techniques for OFDM communications systems, which allow information to be conveyed not only via constellation symbols, but also by the indices of various transmission entities in OFDM systems, such as signal constellations, spreading codes, and pilots. The book discusses representative transmitter and receiver designs, optimization and performance analysis of index modulation based on various transmission entities. It first introduces readers to constellation-based index modulation via a combinatorial approach, including the classical index modulation scheme and two embodiments of information-guided precoding for OFDM systems. It further discusses constellation-based index modulation via a permutational approach, including the basic, generalized, and diversity-enhancing forms. It then describes how the spreading code is used to design an index modulated spread spectrum for OFDM systems, and the extensions to multi-code and multi-user scenarios. In addition it explores information guided pilot insertion for OFDM systems, followed by applications to carrier phase tracking and channel estimation. Lastly, the book highlights a number of open problems and discusses future research directions in the general field of index modulation. Intended for professionals and researchers in the field of wireless communications, this book is also a valuable resource for advanced-level electrical engineering and computer science students.
Index and Query Methods in Road Networks
by Toyohide Watanabe Jun FengThis book presents the index and query techniques on road network and moving objects which are limited to road network. Here, the road network of non-Euclidean space has its unique characteristics such that two moving objects may be very close in a straight line distance. The index used in two-dimensional Euclidean space is not always appropriate for moving objects on road network. Therefore, the index structure needs to be improved in order to obtain suitable indexing methods, explore the shortest path and acquire nearest neighbor query and aggregation query methods under the new index structures. Chapter 1 of this book introduces the present situation of intelligent traffic and index in road network, Chapter 2 introduces the relevant existing spatial indexing methods. Chapter 3-5 focus on several issues of road network and query, they involves: traffic road network models (see Chapter 3), index structures (see Chapter 4) and aggregate query methods (see Chapter 5). Finally, in Chapter 6, the book briefly describes the applications and the development of intelligent transportation in the future.
Indexing of Crystal Diffraction Patterns: From Crystallography Basics to Methods of Automatic Indexing (Springer Series in Materials Science #326)
by Adam MorawiecThis book provides a detailed, self-contained description of automatic indexing of crystal diffraction patterns, considering both ab initio indexing and indexing of patterns originating from known structures. Introductory chapters equip the reader with the necessary basic knowledge of geometric crystallography, as well as kinematic and dynamic theories of crystal diffraction. Subsequent chapters delve and describe ab initio indexing of single crystal diffraction patterns and indexing of patterns for orientation determination. The book also reviews methods of indexing powder diffraction and electron spot-type patterns, as well the subject of multigrain indexing. Later chapters are devoted to diffraction by helical structures and quasicrystals, as well as some aspects of lattice parameter refinement and strain determination.The book is intended equally for materials scientists curious about ‘nuts and bolts’ of diffraction pattern indexing and orientation mapping systems, as well as interdisciplinary researchers from physics, chemistry, and biology involved in crystallographic computing. It provides a rigorous, yet accessible, treatment of the subject matter for graduate students interested in understanding the functioning of diffraction pattern indexing engines.
India Connected: How the Smartphone is Transforming the World's Largest Democracy
by Ravi AgrawalIndia is connecting at a dizzying pace. In 2000, roughly 20 million Indians had access to the internet. In 2017, 465 million were online, with three new people logging on for the first time every second. By 2020, the country's online community is projected to exceed 700 million; more than a billion Indians are expected to be online by 2025. While users in Western countries progressed steadily over the years from dial-up connections on PCs, to broadband access, wireless, and now 4G data on phones, in India most have leapfrogged straight into the digital world with smartphones and affordable data plans. What effect is all this having on the ancient and traditionally rural culture dominated by family and local customs? Ravi Agrawal's book explores that very question, seeking out the nexuses of change and those swept up in them. Smartphones now influence arranged marriages, create an extension of one's social identity that moves beyond caste, bring within reach educational opportunities undreamed of a generation ago, bridge linguistic gaps, provide outlets and opportunities for start-ups, and are helping to move the entire Indian economy from cash- to credit-based. The effects are everywhere, and they are transformative. While they offer immediate access to so much for so many, smartphones are creating no Utopia in a culture still struggling with poverty, illiteracy, corruption, gender inequality, and income disparity. Internet access has provided greater opportunities to women and altered how India's outcasts interact with the world; it has also made pornography readily available and provided an echo chamber for rumor and prejudice. Under a government determined to control content, it has created tensions. And in a climate of hypernationalism, it has fomented violence and even terrorism. The influence of smartphones on the world's largest democracy is pervasive and irreversible, disruptive and creative, unsettling and compelling. Agrawal's fascinating book gives us the people and places reflecting what the internet hath wrought. India Connected reveals both its staggering dimensions and implications, illuminating how it is affecting the progress of progress itself.
India Disasters Report II: Redefining Disasters
by S. Parasuraman Unni KrishnanIndia Disasters Report II highlights the reality of disaster vulnerability in India due to natural causes and developmental interventions. It emphasizes the need to look at disasters as an outcome of processes rather than stand-alone events. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this Report emphasizes the importance of understanding the causes, effects, and complex dynamics of disasters. It asserts the need to link natural systems, social systems, and technological limitations to devise policies and action plans for disaster prevention, relief operations, and environmentally-inclusive development. With climate change becoming a global concern, India now has laws and policies, national, state, and district level administrative set-ups, and humanitarian initiatives in place for disaster preparedness and response measures. Exploring diverse issues such as vulnerability, development, environment, gender, health, and information, communication, and technology, in disasters, this Report discusses recent disasters in India and how new thinking affects policy initiatives and actual practice in disaster management.
India Higher Education Report 2021: Private Higher Education
by N. V. Varghese Jinusha PanigrahiThis volume provides an in-depth analysis of the critical dimensions of higher education in India. It focuses on the growth and expansion of private higher education and public policy. The volume discusses issues related to the growth of for-profit and not-for-profit private higher education institutions and their implications at the policy level. It outlines the role of such institutions towards the internationalization and global ranking of the Indian higher education system. The book discusses the trends in internationalisation adopted by private higher education institutions and explains the resulting impact on aspects such as the diversity of programs, skill formation, employability, pedagogic practices, standards, curriculum development, and research and development, as well as the wider externalities in terms of promoting India’s soft power and international relations with other countries. While outlining the challenges of Open Distance Learning (ODL) and online education in India, the book also discusses the use of ICT, OER, and MOOCS among others to address the challenges of the ODL system. This volume will be of interest to teachers, students, and researchers of education, public policy, political science, international relations, law, sociology, economics, and political economy. It will also be useful for academicians, policymakers, and anyone interested in the internationalization of Indian Higher Education.
India and Global Climate Change: Perspectives on Economics and Policy from a Developing Country
by Michael A. Toman Ujjayant Chakravorty Shreekant GuptaThough the impact of climate change will most likely be greatest with the already poor and vulnerable populations in the developing world, much of the writing about the costs and benefits of different policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is by Western scholars, working in advanced industrialized economies. Drawing the majority of its contributions from authors based at Indian universities and other research centers, India and Global Climate Change provides a developing world perspective on the debate. With a population of over one billion, and an economy that is undergoing substantial restructuring and greatly increased economic growth after a number of years of stagnation, India has an exceptional stake in the debate about climate change policy. Using the Indian example, this volume looks at such policy issues as the energy economy relationships that drive GHG emissions; the options and costs for restricting GHG emissions while promoting sustainable development; and the design of innovative mechanisms for expanded international cooperation with GHG mitigation.
India's Approach to Border Management: From Barriers to Bridges
by Pushpita DasThis book attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of the circumstances which have shaped India’s approach towards its international borders and the framework it has developed to better manage its borders. The book argues that persistence of various cross-border threats and challenges and an absence of robust intra-regional trade among its neighbouring countries forced India to employ a security-centric and unilateral approach to border management with emphasis on hardening the borders to cross-border trade and travel and keeping the border areas underdeveloped to act as a buffer against external conventional threats. Besides discussing the threats and challenges that India faces along the borders, the book aims to develop an understanding of India’s border management practices by analysing various programmes and initiatives such as the raising of border guarding forces; building of physical and electronic fences; the establishment of modern facilities for smoothening legitimate cross-border travel; the development of the border areas through special programmes; and increasing trade and connectivity as well as other cooperative bilateral mechanisms. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan).
India's Water Future in a Changing Climate (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)
by Kuppannan Palanisami Udaya Sekhar NagothuThis book comprehensively addresses the most challenging water issues in India in a changing climate for the first time and suggests potential solutions. It has been observed that over the past two decades, water usage has significantly increased in India due to population growth, economic development and an increase in multiple uses of water, including irrigation, hydropower, industries, domestic consumption, fisheries, eco-system needs and the environment. India’s water future is mainly influenced by rising food demand to feed the increasing population, emerging climate change impacts on agriculture and the water sector, the increasing cost of interventions, poor cost recovery, the low level of technology adoption and weak water policy.Artificial recharge of the groundwater aquifers, improved water use efficiency and the groundwater–energy–agriculture nexus are important for the future of India’s water planning and are well addressed in this book. Also covered are climate-smart practices, wastewater reuse methods, and digital water and agriculture tools. The book further analyses improved irrigation modernization plans and explores the potential for micro-irrigation expansion including canal and tank irrigation systems in the country.Overall, this book is one of the first of its kind to present India’s future water and irrigation issues with field-based solutions, providing lessons learnt from successful national and international case studies. The volume is a useful resource for a wide range of readers including policy makers, planners, donors, implementing agencies and researchers in the water sector.
India's Waters: Advances in Development and Management
by Mahesh Chandra ChaturvediIndia's Waters: Advances in Development and Management is a critical study of the development and management of India's waters. Its central theme is that the current methods in use are an extension of the colonial-era system, which, despite vast growth, has remained essentially the same in terms of developmental concepts, technological activities,
India's Waters: Environment, Economy, and Development
by Mahesh Chandra ChaturvediRegulation of India's rivers and other water systems has been evolving for thousands of years in the face of varying socioeconomic and technological conditions. India's Waters: Environment, Economy, and Development is a study of the current state of development, and proposed future development policies of the government of India, which is the devel
India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The Covert War in Kashmir, 1947-2004 (Asian Security Studies)
by Praveen SwamiIndia, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad explores the history of jihadist violence in Kashmir, and argues that the violent conflict which exploded after 1990 was not a historical discontinuity, but, rather, an escalation of what was by then a five-decade old secret war. Praveen Swami addresses three key issues: the history of jihadist violence in Jammu and Kashmir, which is examined as it evolved from 1947-48 onwards the impact of the secret jihad on Indian policy-making on Jammu and Kashmir, and its influence on political life within the state why the jihad in Jammu and Kashmir acquired such intensity in 1990. This new work will be of much interest to students of the India-Pakistan conflict, South Asian politics and security studies in general.
India: Acquiring its Way to a Global Footprint
by Suseela YesudianAward winning case studies focusing on the growth of innovation in India.
Indian Agriculture Towards 2030: Pathways for Enhancing Farmers’ Income, Nutritional Security and Sustainable Food and Farm Systems (India Studies in Business and Economics)
by Ramesh Chand Pramod Joshi Shyam KhadkaThis open access book brings together varying perspectives for transformational change needed in India’s agriculture and allied sectors. Stressing the need of thinking for a post-Green Revolution future, the book promotes approaching this change through eight broad areas, indicating the policy shifts needed to meet the challenges for the coming decade (2021-2030).The book comprises of ten contributions. Apart from the overview chapter on transformational change and the concluding chapter on pathways for 2030, there are eight thematic chapters on topics such as transforming Indian agriculture, dietary diversity for nutritive and safe food; climate crisis and risk management; water in agriculture; pests, pandemics, preparedness and biosecurity natural farming; agroecology and biodiverse futures; science, technology and innovation in agriculture; and structural reforms and governance. The writing style of these papers written by technical experts is forward-looking—not merely an analysis of what has been and why it was so, but what ought to be.This is an essential reading for those interested in agriculture, food and nutrition sectors of India, and more so their interconnectedness.
Indian Agriculture: Challenges, Priorities and Solutions
by Naveen K. Sharma Dinesh Chandra Rai Pradeep Kumar RaiThis edited volume examines the challenges and solutions in the intricate landscape of Indian agriculture and global trade. It explores the historical shifts from an industry-driven to agrarian economy, followed by rapid urbanization in the latter half of the 20th century. Modern agri-business is a global phenomenon not only affected by local and regional factors but also by global policies directed by global agencies. This book focuses on problems commonly associated with the advancement of agriculture in India, as well as issues arising out of global agricultural trade. The book contains chapters on associated problems, some priority issues, and approaches that could be used to overcome these limitations. Focused on rural India, the book underscores the critical role of agriculture, contributing a major part to the national income. The book highlights the economic opportunities arising from agriculture, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices given ecological, cultural, and socio-economic impacts. Addressing the complexities, the book advocates for diversification, adaptive varieties, and technological integration, including biotechnology and information technologies, to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. It also stresses the urgency of coherent national policies for soil and water resource use, marketing, business management, climate impacts, and more. It outlines key interventions and frameworks designed to guide actions on food security and nutrition, making a case for India's crucial role in global food production and supply chain systems. The book has been written and edited by leading researchers of the respective fields. It is a useful resource for students, researchers, academicians as well as farmers and policymakers.
Indian Geotechnical Conference 2019: Geotechnics for INfrastructure Development & UrbaniSation (GeoINDUS) (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #140)
by Sanjay Kumar Shukla Krishna R. Reddy C. H. Solanki Satyajit PatelThis book comprises select proceedings of the annual conference of the Indian Geotechnical Society. The conference brings together research and case histories on various aspects of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. The book presents papers on geotechnical applications and case histories, covering topics such as (i) Characterization of Geomaterials and Physical Modelling; (ii) Foundations and Deep Excavations; (iii) Soil Stabilization and Ground Improvement; (iv) Geoenvironmental Engineering and Waste Material Utilization; (v) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering; (vi) Earth Retaining Structures, Dams and Embankments; (vii) Slope Stability and Landslides; (viii) Transportation Geotechnics; (ix) Geosynthetics Applications; (x) Computational, Analytical and Numerical Modelling; (xi) Rock Engineering, Tunnelling and Underground Constructions; (xii) Forensic Geotechnical Engineering and Case Studies; and (xiii) Others Topics: Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils, Offshore and Marine Geotechnics, Remote Sensing and GIS, Field Investigations, Instrumentation and Monitoring, Retrofitting of Geotechnical Structures, Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering, Geotechnical Education, Codes and Standards, and other relevant topics. The contents of this book are of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Indian Herbal Medicines: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Maria Micali Ramesh Kumar Sharma Rajeev K. Singla Alessandra Pellerito Bhupendra Kumar RanaThis book discusses the scope and limitations of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of foods as medicines or medicinal coadjuvants in traditional Indian herbal therapies. The first chapter introduces readers to the relevance of the Ayurveda system, its holistic classification approach, applications of selected herbs and the demonstrable efficacy of herbal extracts in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility. In turn, the second chapter discusses the antimicrobial properties and kinetic mechanisms of inhibition ascribed to selected vegetable extracts. The third chapter addresses the antioxidant power of phenolic compounds from vegetable products and herbal extracts. The book closes with a review of natural antioxidant agents’ role in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Written from an Indian perspective, this book unravels the chemistry of the traditional Indian diet and its impact on health. Further, it can serve as a reference for other traditional products with similar health claims.
Indian Hotspots: Vertebrate Faunal Diversity, Conservation And Management Volume 2
by Chandrakasan Sivaperuman Krishnamoorthy VenkataramanThis book offers a comprehensive account of India’s four biodiversity hotspots: the Himalaya, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. With a focus on tropical rainforests, it includes more than 30 chapters covering different vertebrate fauna e.g. fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, as well as topics such as conservation and management aspects.Written by experts in the field of biodiversity conservation and management, it offers ample new insights into a number of subjects related to the faunal communities of tropical forest ecosystems, providing a valuable resource for conservationists and researchers in the field of flora and fauna diversity.
Indian Insects: Diversity and Science
by S. Ramani Prashanth Mohanraj Yeshwanth HmInsects are the most interesting and diverse group of organisms on earth, many of which are useful as pollinators of crops and wild plants while others are useful as natural enemies keeping pestiferous insects in check. It is important to conserve these insects for our survival and for this the diversity of insect species inhabiting the different ecosystems of our country must be known. The cornerstone to studies of any kind of organismal diversity is their taxonomic identity. Even after over two and half centuries of studies, so little is known of the insect wealth of our country. It has contributions from taxonomists who have been studying Indian insects for long, this book offers up to date information on many important groups of Indian insects seeking to fill the lacuna of a long felt need for a comprehensive work on the taxonomy of Indian insects. Salient features: Provides an up-to-date taxonomy of major insect groups of India Presents identification keys with illustrations of several important groups of Indian insects Gives a new insight into why insects are so abundant Addresses fundamental questions in mechanoreception and cross kingdom interactions using insects as model systems Indian Insects: Diversity and Science is a festschrift to Professor C. A. Viraktamath, an insect taxonomist par excellence. It has been designed to cater to the needs of academicians, researchers and students who wish to identify insects collected from local environments and will be an invaluable aid for those working in the areas of systematics, ecology, behaviour, diversity and the conservation of insects.
Indian Metallurgy: The Platinum Years (Indian Institute of Metals Series)
by Amol A. Gokhale R. Divakar S. V. S. Narayana Murty S. SrikanthThe book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.
Indian Ocean Resources and Technology
by Ganpat Singh RoonwalThe current scenario provides an ideal opportunity to confer higher priority to the marine resources of the Indian Ocean, particularly in terms of integrated management of the deep sea, shallow sea and coastal resources. This will maximize their potential in the sustainable development goal (SDG) pattern, leading to an appropriate environmental management. Therefore, this book aims to provide an overview of the area and to highlight the potential market opportunities represented by this vast and rapidly developing nation. In doing so the following aspects have been covered: Exclusive title focussing on mineral resources of Indian ocean. Discusses living, nonliving, ocean waves and tidal energy, ocean environment and protection aspects. Includes information on key themes, details of organizations associated with the Indian Ocean. Illustrates deep sea mining technology and environmental perspectives. Covers hydrocarbons-sub sea oil and gas, minerals from placer deposits to deep sea nodules, sea floor massive sulphides and cobalt rich encrustations.
Indian Sandalwood: A Compendium (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)
by A. N. Arunkumar Geeta Joshi Rekha R. Warrier N. Nataraja KarabaThis book provides a global perspective of Indian Sandalwood categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It deals with history, distribution, propagation, chemistry, utilization, improvement, trade, and conservation in the present context. This book explores ways and means for restoring its past glory by creating awareness for its conservation and sustainable utilization. The content encompasses informative tables, appropriate graphs and figures, and illustrations with photographs and line drawings. This compendium would be useful for foresters, forestry professionals, botanists, policymakers, conservationists, NGOs, and researchers in the academia and the industry sectors.