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Infrared Radiative Cooling and Its Applications (Energy and Environment Research in China)
by Zhiyu Hu Erzhen MuThis book systematically introduces the physical basis and theory of infrared radiation and the application of radiative cooling. It covers the geographical release of infrared radiation, infrared radiation material system, and preparation technology, infrared radiative cooling measurement and applications, the micro–nano-processing technology, the latest technology of radiative cooling and passive power generation, and the design of future application scenarios. The main content includes the current world energy application status and the development, research, and application status of radiative cooling technology, as well as the principle of radiative cooling technology, the research and application of different radiative cooling materials, the processing technology of radiative cooling devices, the development of radiative cooling technology, and other energy technologies. This book is used as reference for researchers and engineers who work in the fields of radiative cooling.
Infrared Receptors and the Trigeminal Sensory System: A Collection of Papers by S. Terashima, R.C. Goris et al.
by Ph. D. And Richard C. Goris Shin-Ich TerashimaSince the early 1950s, work has been undertaken on the infrared sensory organs of snakes by a handful of investigators around the world. Despite progress in uncovering the morphological, physiological and behavioral functions of these organs, study was discontinued by most of these workers. Not the least of the reasons was the fact that the infrared organs are possessed either by highly venomous snakes, the pit vipers, or by equally dangerous snakes because of their size, the pythons and boas.Only Drs Shin-ichi Terashima, MD, Ph.D. and Richard C. Goris, Ph.D. have continued to work actively on these sensory organs, their work spanning the 30 years from 1967 to the present. A first collection of their works, Infrared Sensory System, was published by the university of the Ryukyus in 1987. The present volume presents the papers by Terashima, Goris and their colleagues from 1987 to the present. Much new light is shed on the physiology and morphology of these organs, which can truly be said to be infrared 'eyes' whose input is integrated with that from the eyes. This volume will be of considerable interest to all those interested in infrared detection of any kind, whether in nature or in its multifarious industrial applications.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Minerals and Related Compounds (Springer Mineralogy)
by Nikita V. Chukanov Alexandr D. ChervonnyiThis book provides an overview of the application of IR spectroscopy in mineralogical investigations, as well as modern trends in the IR spectroscopy of minerals. It includes the most important methodological aspects; characteristic IR bands of different chemical groups and coordination polyhedra; application of IR spectroscopy to the investigation of the crystal chemistry of amphiboles, phyllosilicates, tourmalines etc.; neutral molecules entrapped by microporous minerals; and analysis of hydrogen in nominally anhydrous minerals. About 1600 IR spectra (illustrations as well as a list of wavenumbers) of minerals and some related compounds are accompanied by detailed descriptions of the standard samples used. Each spectrum provides information about the occurrence, appearance, associated minerals, its empirical formula, and unit-cell parameters. The book also provides insights into sample preparation and/or spectrum registration methods. It includes IR spectra of 1020 minerals that were not covered in the book “Infrared spectra of mineral species: Extended library” published in 2014 and written by one of the authors. On average, each page provides information on two minerals/compounds. Subsections correspond to different classes of compounds (silicates, phosphates, arsenates, oxides etc.). About 290 new spectra have been obtained, and the remaining 1310 spectra are taken from most reliable literature sources (published over the last 60 years) and are redrawn in a unified style.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Symmetric and Spherical Spindles for Space Observation 1
by Pierre-Richard Dahoo Azzedine LakhlifiThis book is dedicated to the description and application of various different theoretical models to identify the near and mid-infrared spectra of symmetric and spherical top molecules in their gaseous form. Theoretical models based on the use of group theory are applied to rigid and non-rigid molecules, characterized by the phenomenon of tunneling and large amplitude motions. The calculation of vibration-rotation energy levels and the analysis of infrared transitions are applied to molecules of ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4). The applications show how interactions at the molecular scale modify the near and mid-infrared spectra of isolated molecules, under the influence of the pressure of a nano-cage (the substitution site of a rare gas matrix, clathrate, fullerene or zeolite) or a surface, and allow us to identify the characteristics of the perturbing environment. This book provides valuable support for teachers and researchers but is also intended for engineering students, working research engineers and Master's and doctorate students.
Infrared Technology Fundamentals
by Monroe SchlessingerThis work provides a basic understanding of the physical background and engineering considerations required for the design of IR systems, examining all components and combining them into examples of current surveillance systems. This second edition presents: new coverage of state-of-the-art optical systems, including lightweight mirrors and adaptiv
Infrared Thermographic NDT-based Damage Detection and Analysis Method for Spacecraft
by Chun Yin Xuegang Huang Xutong Tan Junyang LiuThe book focuses on infrared thermographic NDT systems and approaches. Both principles and engineering practice are covered, with more emphasis on the engineering practice of spacecraft damage detection and analysis. This is achieved by providing an in-depth study of several major topics such as infrared feature extraction, damage reconstruction, reconstructed image fusion, reconstructed image stitching, reconstructed image segmentation, defect positioning, defect edge detection and quantitative calculation. A number of application cases are discussed in detail, including impact damage to single-layer and multi-layer protective configurations, simple impact damage, and complex multi-type impact damage. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical problems in infrared detection and spacecraft damage identification is one of the main features of this book, which is particularly suitable for those interested in learning practical solutions in infrared detection technology. This book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of aerospace design and manufacturing, spacecraft environmental engineering, and non-destructive testing technology, etc.
Infrared Thermography and Thermal Nondestructive Testing
by Vladimir Vavilov Douglas BurleighThis is the first book summarizing the theoretical basics of thermal nondestructive testing (TNDT) by combining elements of heat conduction, infrared thermography, and industrial nondestructive testing. The text contains the physical models of TNDT, heat transfer in defective and sound structures, and thermal properties of materials. Also included are the optimization of TNDT procedures, defect characterization, data processing in TNDT, active and passive TNDT systems, as well as elements of statistical data treatment and decision making.This text contains in-depth descriptions of applications in infrared/thermal testing within aerospace, power production, building, as well as the conservation of artistic monuments The book is intended for the industrial specialists who are involved in technical diagnostics and nondestructive testing. It may also be useful for academic researchers, undergraduate, graduate and PhD university students.
Infrared Thermography for Thermo-Fluid-Dynamics
by Tommaso Astarita Giovanni Maria CarlomagnoInfrared thermography is a measurement technique that enables to obtain non intrusive measurements of surface temperatures. One of the interesting features of this technique is its ability to measure a full two dimensional map of the surface temperature and for this reason it has been widely used as a flow visualization technique. Since the temperature measurements can be extremely accurate it is possible, by using a heat flux sensor, also to measure convective heat transfer coefficient distributions on a surface making the technique de facto quantitative. This book, starting from the basic theory of infrared thermography and heat flux sensor guides, both the experienced researcher and the young student, in the correct application of this powerful technique to various practical problems. A significant number of examples and applications are also examined in detail.
Infrarot-Kameras: Grundlagen, Technologien und Systeme
by Arnulf Wallrabe Maurus Tacke Reinhard EbertIn vielen Bereichen der kommerziellen Technik, und ganz besonders in der Wehrtechnik, gewinnt die Infrarot-Sensorik an Bedeutung. Für die Nachtsichttechnik kann man sich zwei verschiedene Prinzipien zunutze machen: 1. Bildverstärkergeräte, die darauf beruhen, dass häufig nachts eine geringe Resthelligkeit vorhanden ist; 2. Wärmebildgeräte nutzen dagegen die von jedem Körper naturgesetzlich im Infraroten ausgesendete Wärmestrahlung, die ohne jegliche Beleuchtung auskommt. Dieses Buch ist für alle geschrieben, die sich in das noch relativ junge Gebiet der Wärmebildtechnik einarbeiten, wobei es sowohl für Anwender von Wärmebildgeräten als auch für Naturwissenschaftler und Ingenieure, die sich über diese Technik informieren oder selbst auf diesem Gebiet arbeiten wollen, von Nutzen ist. Es folgen technische Realisierungen, Konzepte und Konstruktionen von Geräten. Nutzen daran hat auch der Offizier an nachtsichtfähigen Waffensystemen. Es ist zur Zeit das einzige deutschsprachige Buch zum Thema Höchstleistungs-Wärmebildgeräte.
Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies
by Alain Hauchecorne Alexis Le Pichon Elisabeth BlancThe infrasound field, the science of low-frequency acoustic waves, has developed into a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing academic disciplines of physics and recent technical and scientific developments. In 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting atmospheric nuclear explosions worldwide. The infrasound network of the International Monitoring Network (IMS) of the CTBT-Organization has demonstrated its capability for detecting and locating infrasonic sources such as meteorites, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, auroras, mountain associated waves... Nearly 70% of the global network is now operational and regional cluster arrays are deployed around the globe. Systematic investigations into low-frequency acoustic signals have evidenced an unprecedented potential of the monitoring of infrasonic waves permanently generated by natural and man-made events. Furthermore, recent studies point out new insights on quantitative relationships between observables and atmospheric specifications, and therefore opening new fields into the mathematics of geophysical inverse problems for atmospheric remote sensing. This volume reviews the most important areas of infrasound, with emphasis on the latest researches and applications, e.g. instrumentation, engineering, signal processing, source monitoring, propagation modeling, atmospheric dynamics, global changes, remote sensing methods. Researchers and students will benefit from a comprehensive content of infrasound related topics, where both fundamental and applied topics are discussed by authors from international institutions, all experts in their fields.
Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies: Challenges in Middle Atmosphere Dynamics and Societal Benefits
by Alain Hauchecorne Alexis Le Pichon Elisabeth BlancSince the publication of the first volume “Infrasound monitoring for atmospheric studies” published in 2010, significant advances were achieved in the fields of engineering, propagation modelling, and atmospheric remote sensing methods. The global infrasound network, which consists of the International Monitoring Network (IMS) for nuclear test ban verification completed by an increasing number of regional cluster arrays deployed around the globe, has evidenced an unprecedented potential for detecting, locating and characterizing various natural and man-made sources. In recent years, infrasound has evolved into a broad interdisciplinary field encompassing academic disciplines of geophysics and innovative technical and scientific developments. The advances in innovative ground-based instruments, including infrasound inversions for continuous observations of the stratosphere and mesosphere, provide useful insights into the geophysical source phenomenology and atmospheric processes involved. Systematic investigations into low-frequency infrasound signals and the development of complementary observational platforms point out new insights into the dynamics of the middle atmosphere which play a significant role in both tropospheric weather and climate. This monitoring system also provides continuous relevant information about natural hazards with high societal benefits, like on-going volcanic eruptions, surface earthquakes, meteorites or severe weather. With this new edition, researchers and students benefit from a comprehensive content of both fundamental and applied inter-disciplinary topics.
Infrastructural Attachments: Austerity, Sovereignty, and Expertise in Kenya
by Emma ParkSet against critiques of neoliberal capitalism in the present, Infrastructural Attachments argues that the technopolitics of austerity have been the organizing logic of statecraft in Kenya since the late nineteenth century, calling into question the novelty of austerity as a mode of governance and a lived experience. Using infrastructures as a lens to explore state formation over the long twentieth century—roads in the early colonial period, radio broadcasting from the interwar through the postwar periods, and mobile phones and digital financial services in the present—historian Emma Park reveals that as the state drew on private capital to make up for limited budgets, it inaugurated a peculiar political-economic form: the corporate-state. For more than a century—in pursuit of minimizing costs and maximizing profits—the corporate-state crucially relied on the exploitation and expropriation of its subject-citizens. By foregrounding these workers, Park interrogates how Kenyans’ knowledge and expertise has been rescaled and subsumed, quietly underwriting the development of infrastructural expertise, the circuits of finance upon which (post)colonial infrastructural expansion has been premised, and the forms of profit-making it has enabled.
Infrastructure Asset Management with Power System Applications
by Lina Bertling TjernbergInfrastructure Asset Management with Power System Applications is about infrastructure asset management, which can be expressed as the combination of management, financial, economic, and engineering, applied to physical assets with the objective of providing the required level of service in the most cost-effective manner. It includes management of the whole lifecycle of a physical asset from design, construction, commission, operation, maintenance, modification, decommissioning, and disposal. It covers budget issues and focuses on asset management of an infrastructure for energy—i.e., the electric power system. Features Offers a comprehensive reference book providing definitions, terminology, and basic theories as well as a comprehensive set of examples from a wide range of applications for the electric power system and its components. Spans a wide range of applications for the electric power system area, including real data and pictures. Contains results from recently published research and application studies. Includes a wide range of application examples for the electric power systems area from hydro, nuclear, and wind, plus shows future trends. Contributes to the overall goals of developing a sustainable energy system by providing methods and tools for a resource efficient use of physical assets in the electric power system area.
Infrastructure Delivery Systems: Governance and Implementation Issues (Management in the Built Environment)
by Peter McDermott Bankole Osita AwuzieThis book provides a framework for governing policy implementation by various stakeholders during the delivery of infrastructure projects. This framework relies on the tenets of the Viable Systems Model (VSM), a systems cybernetic model that enjoys a high level of acceptance in organizational analysis. The book presents a step-by-step guide for the multi-level governance of implementation during project delivery. Although the book focuses on the context of local content development policy and construction projects (infrastructure), it is presented in a manner that allows it to be adapted to other policies and sectors. The book includes a step-by-step methodology for assessing policy implementation in project or policy delivery systems. In addition, it shares insights into the probable challenges faced by the actors within the delivery system in achieving optimal implementation performance. Critical success factors are also highlighted, and illustrative diagrams of the framework are provided to facilitate understanding. The book is logically structured and presented in a straightforward manner. Also, the transposition of the VSM from a conventional organizational context to a multi-organizational context will appeal to readers with a background in systems thinking, monitoring or evaluation.
Infrastructure Development and Construction Management
by J. C. EdisonThis is a comprehensive book on infrastructure development and construction management. It is written keeping in mind the curricula of construction management programmes in India and abroad. It covers infrastructure development, the construction industry in India, financial analysis of the real estate industry in India, economic analysis of projects, tendering and bidding, contracts and contract management, FIDIC conditions of contract, construction disputes and claims, arbitration, conciliation and dispute resolution, international construction project exports and identifying, analysing and managing construction project risk. Thus, this book covers most of the construction management activities that are carried out at different stages of a construction project. This is an essential book for students of construction management, construction professionals, academicians and researchers.
Infrastructure Health in Civil Engineering: Applications and Management
by Sreenivas Alampalli Mohammed M. EttouneyContinually increasing demands on infrastructures mean that maintenance and renewal require timely, appropriate action that maximizes benefits while minimizing cost. To be as well informed as possible, decision-makers must have an optimal understanding of an infrastructure's condition-what it is now, and what it is expected to be in the future. Wri
Infrastructure Health in Civil Engineering: Theory and Components
by Sreenivas Alampalli Mohammed M. EttouneyContinually increasing demands on infrastructures mean that maintenance and renewal require timely, appropriate action that maximizes benefits while minimizing cost. To be as well informed as possible, decision-makers must have an optimal understanding of an infrastructure's condition-what it is now, and what it is expected to be in the future. Wri
Infrastructure Investment: An Engineering Perspective
by David G. CarmichaelEstablished Deterministic Investment Appraisal versus Uncertainty in Investment. When it comes to investing in an infrastructure project, the conventional approach is to evaluate risk through a deterministic approach. Infrastructure Investment: An Engineering Perspective, however, takes on uncertainty in investment. Of interest to engineering consultants, government departments, financial institutions, or anyone involved in investment in infrastructure, this text provides the necessary tools for the analysis and appraisal of investment in infrastructure and other assets with uncertain futures.It factors in the finance and engineering of assets such as roads, buildings, bridges, dams, pipelines, railways, ports, seawalls, wastewater treatment facilities, and addresses future demand, operating costs, maintenance costs, and other lifetime and investment parameters in both financial and non-financial terms. It considers the impact of climate change and the possible use of adaptive and flexible solutions capable of responding to changed futures, as well as how such uncertainty affects the future performance of these investments. The book also incorporates illustrated case studies and Markov chains to model an investment.A pivotal work containing 11 chapters, this text provides: An original contribution to feasibility analysis under uncertainty; A systematic and ordered treatment of capital investment in infrastructure; A structured flow, from a systematic treatment of conventional deterministic approaches through to a complete treatment incorporating uncertainty.Infrastructure Investment: An Engineering Perspective details investment analysis in the presence of uncertainty, and is beneficial to students, academics, and practitioners dealing with decision.
Infrastructure Monitoring with Spaceborne SAR Sensors
by Andrei Anghel Gabriel Vasile Remus CacoveanuThis book presents a novel non-intrusive infrastructure monitoring technique based on the detection and tracking of scattering centers in spaceborne SAR images. The methodology essentially consists of refocusing each available SAR image on an imposed 3D point cloud associated to the envisaged infrastructure element and identifying the reliable scatterers to be monitored by means of four dimensional (4D) tomography. The methodology described in this book provides a new perspective on infrastructure monitoring with spaceborne SAR images, is based on a standalone processing chain, and brings innovative technical aspects relative to conventional approaches. The book is intended primarily for professionals and researchers working in the area of critical infrastructure monitoring by radar remote sensing.
Infrastructure Planning and Finance: A Smart and Sustainable Guide
by Vicki Elmer Adam LeiglandInfrastructure Planning and Finance is a non-technical guide to the engineering, planning, and financing of major infrastucture projects in the United States, providing both step-by-step guidance, and a broad overview of the technical, political, and economic challenges of creating lasting infrastructure in the 21st Century. Infrastructure Planning and Finance is designed for the local practitioner or student who wants to learn the basics of how to develop an infrastructure plan, a program, or an individual infrastructure project. A team of authors with experience in public works, planning, and city government explain the history and economic environment of infrastructure and capital planning, addressing common tools like the comprehensive plan, sustainability plans, and local regulations. The book guides readers through the preparation and development of comprehensive plans and infrastructure projects, and through major funding mechanisms, from bonds, user fees, and impact fees to privatization and competition. The rest of the book describes the individual infrastructure systems: their elements, current issues and a 'how-to-do-it' section that covers the system and the comprehensive plan, development regulations and how it can be financed. Innovations such as decentralization, green and blue-green technologies are described as well as local policy actions to achieve a more sustainable city are also addressed. Chapters include water, wastewater, solid waste, streets, transportation, airports, ports, community facilities, parks, schools, energy and telecommunications. Attention is given to how local policies can ensure a sustainable and climate friendly infrastructure system, and how planning for them can be integrated across disciplines.
Infrastructure Planning and Management in India: Opportunities and Challenges (Studies in Infrastructure and Control)
by Rahul Nath Choudhury Pravin JadhavThis book addresses comprehensive issues of infrastructure management at the sectoral level in India. This book analyses four critical sectors viz. Transportation, Power, Urban, and Digital Infrastructure and their planning and management from an Indian perspective. The book also identifies empirical risks and challenges in the planning and management of infrastructure in India. A diverse set of management solutions that can support better infrastructure management across sectors are also discussed in the present book.
Infrastructure Planning and Management: An Integrated Approach
by Virendra ProagThis book explains how water, electricity/power, roads and other infrastructure services are linked together within the general basket of development and how to obtain the optimum use of resources. The emphasis, nowadays, is on multipurpose activities, optimum use of resources, environmental approach, minimum use of energy. This book tries to integrate all of these, by showing the links between the different components of infrastructure and trying to model them. A well articulated, socially attractive and desirable project may fail during the implementation or operation stage, not only from bad design, but also due to inadequate attention paid to the human aspects required for its operation. This book is intended for graduates and practising professionals who are involved in the general development planning of their country/region. It enables better understanding, collaboration and communication with other professionals in relation to their own or different disciplines.
Infrastructure Procurement and Funding: Harnessing Investment to Deliver a Better Future
by Sharon McClementsInfrastructure is vital to a resilient society and infrastructure investment is therefore critical to the vibrant functioning of societies. Infrastructure assets span economic and social spheres, but despite the prime importance of infrastructure investment, national governments simply cannot fund all of society's infrastructure requirements. This book, Infrastructure Procurement and Funding explores the key models of procuring and financing major projects and infrastructure works whilst critically acknowledging the inherent challenges in successfully securing the necessary funding. The book provides the reader with a detailed review of contemporary methods of financing and procuring infrastructure projects, commencing with an examination of the role of infrastructure in society in creating resilient societies. It reviews public sector funding mechanisms for infrastructure investment and then introduces, before presenting emerging trends in private sector investment in infrastructure. Fundamentally this book identifies robust, innovative, and contemporary solutions to the procurement, financing and investment in major infrastructure projects, globally, nationally and regionally. The book is ideal reading for international courses in construction procurement, construction project management, infrastructure asset management, real estate investment and finance, but will also be useful for those construction business leaders in public and private sectors who are responsible for making major project and infrastructure financial and investment decisions.
Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships: Decision, Management and Development
by Carlos Oliveira Cruz Rui Cunha MarquesEconomic development and social welfare depend on the existence of effective and efficient infrastructure systems, particularly in health, energy, transportation and water, many of which are developed and managed through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). However, empirical evidence suggests some pitfalls in the use of these PPP arrangements. This book addresses these issues, focusing on mostly three key questions: How to improve the robustness of the decision-making process leading to the option of PPP? How to improve contract management as the longest phase of the process? How can contracts be improved to accommodate uncertainty and avoid harmful renegotiations? The authors explore the concept of flexible contracts, the uncertainty modeling for improving the robustness of the decision-making process, and develop an overall framework for effective contract management, along with a comprehensive analysis of current renegotiation patterns. The ultimate goal is to improve the contractual performance, as well as the overall infrastructure management and social welfare.
Infrastructure Robotics: Methodologies, Robotic Systems and Applications (IEEE Press Series on Systems Science and Engineering)
by Mirko Kovac Carlos Balaguer Dikai Liu Gamini DissanayakeInfrastructure Robotics Illuminating resource presenting commonly used robotic methodologies and technologies, with recent developments and clear application examples across different project types Infrastructure Robotics presents state-of-the-art research in infrastructure robotics and key methodologies that enable the development of intelligent robots for operation in civil infrastructure environments, describing sensing, perception, localization, map building, environmental and operation awareness, motion and task planning, design methodologies, robot assistance paradigms, and physical human-robot collaboration. The text also presents many case studies of robotic systems developed for real-world applications in maintaining various civil infrastructures, including steel bridges, tunnels, underground water mains, underwater structures, and sewer pipes. In addition, later chapters discuss lessons learned in deployment of intelligent robots in practical applications overall. Infrastructure Robotics provides a timely and thorough treatment of the subject pertaining to recent developments, such as computer vision and machine learning techniques that have been used in inspection and condition assessment of critical civil infrastructures, including bridges, tunnels, and more. Written by highly qualified contributors with significant experience in both academia and industry, Infrastructure Robotics covers topics such as: Design methods for application of robots in civil infrastructure inspired by biological systems including ants, inchworms, and humans Fundamental aspects of research on intelligent robotic co-workers for human-robot collaborative operations The ROBO-SPECT European project and a robotized alternative to manual tunnel structural inspection and assessment Wider context for the use of additive manufacturing techniques on construction sites Infrastructure Robotics is an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in related fields. Professionals in civil engineering, asset management, and project management who wish to be on the cutting edge of the future of their industries will also benefit from the text.