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Introduction to Particle Technology
by Martin J. RhodesParticle technology is a term used to refer to the science and technology related to the handling and processing of particles and powders. The production of particulate materials, with controlled properties tailored to subsequent processing and applications, is of major interest to a wide range of industries, including chemical and process, food, pharmaceuticals, minerals and metals companies and the handling of particles in gas and liquid solutions is a key technological step in chemical engineering.This textbook provides an excellent introduction to particle technology with worked examples and exercises. Based on feedback from students and practitioners worldwide, it has been newly edited and contains new chapters on slurry transport, colloids and fine particles, size enlargement and the health effects of fine powders. Topics covered include:Characterization (Size Analysis)Processing (Granulation, Fluidization)Particle Formation (Granulation, Size Reduction)Storage and Transport (Hopper Design, Pneumatic Conveying, Standpipes, Slurry Flow)Separation (Filtration, Settling, Cyclones)Safety (Fire and Explosion Hazards, Health Hazards)Engineering the Properties of Particulate Systems (Colloids, Respirable Drugs, Slurry Rheology)This book is essential reading for undergraduate students of chemical engineering on particle technology courses. It is also valuable supplementary reading for students in other branches of engineering, applied chemistry, physics, pharmaceutics, mineral processing and metallurgy. Practitioners in industries in which powders are handled and processed may find it a useful starting point for gaining an understanding of the behavior of particles and powders.Review of the First Edition taken from High Temperatures - High pressures 1999 31 243 - 251"..This is a modern textbook that presents clear-cut knowledge. It can be successfully used both for teaching particle technology at universities and for individual study of engineering problems in powder processing."
Introduction to Peak Oil
by R. W. BentleyThis book examines the physical andeconomic characteristics of the global oil resource to explain why peak oil hasbeen so poorly understood. The author draws on information held in oil industrydatasets that are not widely available outside of the specialist literature,and describes a number of methods that have been successfully used to predictoil peaks. In contrast to the widely-held view that 'all oil forecasts arewrong', these methods correctly predicted the current peak in globalconventional oil production. Current oil forecasts are then compared toevaluate the expected dates for regional and global oil peaks for conventionaloil, all-oils, and all-liquids. The dates of global peaks in the production ofall-oil and all-liquids appear to be reasonably soon, while the oil price thatis needed to support these global production levels continues to rise. Theworld faces serious constraints in its oil supply, which accounts for aboutone-third of total world energy use, and over 90% of the fuel used fortransportation. Readers of this book will gain a thorough understanding of thecritical, but poorly understood, phenomenon of peak oil that has already hadsignificant impacts on society in terms of high oil prices, and which willplace increasing constraints on mankind's supply of energy and economicwell-being in the coming years.
Introduction to Permanent Plug and Abandonment of Wells (Ocean Engineering & Oceanography #12)
by Mahmoud Khalifeh Arild SaasenThis open access book offers a timely guide to challenges and current practices to permanently plug and abandon hydrocarbon wells. With a focus on offshore North Sea, it analyzes the process of plug and abandonment of hydrocarbon wells through the establishment of permanent well barriers. It provides the reader with extensive knowledge on the type of barriers, their functioning and verification. It then discusses plug and abandonment methodologies, analyzing different types of permanent plugging materials. Last, it describes some tests for verifying the integrity and functionality of installed permanent barriers. The book offers a comprehensive reference guide to well plugging and abandonment (P&A) and well integrity testing. The book also presents new technologies that have been proposed to be used in plugging and abandoning of wells, which might be game-changing technologies, but they are still in laboratory or testing level. Given its scope, it addresses students and researchers in both academia and industry. It also provides information for engineers who work in petroleum industry and should be familiarized with P&A of hydrocarbon wells to reduce the time of P&A by considering it during well planning and construction.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
by John R. Fanchi Richard L. ChristiansenPresents key concepts and terminology for a multidisciplinary range of topics in petroleum engineering Places oil and gas production in the global energy context Introduces all of the key concepts that are needed to understand oil and gas production from exploration through abandonment Reviews fundamental terminology and concepts from geology, geophysics, petrophysics, drilling, production and reservoir engineering Includes many worked practical examples within each chapter and exercises at the end of each chapter highlight and reinforce material in the chapter Includes a solutions manual for academic adopters
Introduction to Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications
by Tahir Iqbal Awan Sumera Afsheen Iqra MaryamExplore the intriguing world of photocatalysis with Introduction to Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications. This book explores the complexities of photocatalytic processes, investigating the contributing elements, nano-photocatalyst manufacturing methodologies, and their wide applications in the energy and environmental sectors.Additionally, sophisticated modification approaches that may be used to improve the efficiency of visible light-driven processes (such as doping and plasmonics photocatalysis) are discussed. Key features include novel methodologies of photocatalysts, providing an insight on fundamentals and methodology; and examples of efficient applications of photocatalysis such as wastewater treatment, hydrogen production and CO2 reduction. Later chapters discuss the commercial aspects of photocatalysis to help guide future entrepreneurs.The book is useful for advanced undergraduates, and graduate students in a range of subjects such as physics, biotechnology, and biochemistry. This book will also prove invaluable for researchers and scientists in photocatalysis, and chemical engineers and chemists in industry R&D working on wastewater treatment and renewable sources of energy. It stands out as a modernized version of current literature that bridges the gap between scholars and students.
Introduction to Photoelectron Angular Distributions: Theory and Applications (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #286)
by V. T. DavisThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to photoelectron angular distributions and their use in the laboratory to study light-matter interactions. Photoelectron angular distribution measurements are useful because they can shed light on atomic and molecular electronic configurations and system dynamics, as well as provide information about quantum transition amplitudes and relative phases that are not obtainable from other types of measurements. For example, recent measurements of molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions have been used to extract photoelectron emission delays in the attosecond range which can provide ultra-sensitive maps of molecular potentials. Additionally, photoelectron angular distribution measurements are an essential tool for studying negative ions. Here, the author presents a detailed, yet easily accessible, theoretical background necessary for experimentalists performing photoelectron angular distribution measurements to better understand their results. The various physical influences on photoelectron angular distributions are revealed through analytical models with the use of angular momentum coupling algebra and spherical tensor operators. The classical and quantum treatments of photoelectron angular distributions are covered clearly and systematically, and the book includes, as well, a chapter on relativistic interactions. Furthermore, the primary methods used to measure photoelectron angular distributions in the laboratory, such as photodetachment electron spectroscopy, velocity-map imaging, and cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy, are described. This book features introductory material as well as new insights on the topic, such as the use of angular momentum transfer theory to understand the process of photoelectron detachment in atoms and molecules. Including key derivations, worked examples, and additional exercises for readers to try on their own, this book serves as both a critical guide for young researchers entering the field and as a useful reference for experienced practitioners.
Introduction to Physical Polymer Science
by L. H. SperlingAn Updated Edition of the Classic Text Polymers constitute the basis for the plastics, rubber, adhesives, fiber, and coating industries. The Fourth Edition of Introduction to Physical Polymer Science acknowledges the industrial success of polymers and the advancements made in the field while continuing to deliver the comprehensive introduction to polymer science that made its predecessors classic texts. The Fourth Edition continues its coverage of amorphous and crystalline materials, glass transitions, rubber elasticity, and mechanical behavior, and offers updated discussions of polymer blends, composites, and interfaces, as well as such basics as molecular weight determination. Thus, interrelationships among molecular structure, morphology, and mechanical behavior of polymers continue to provide much of the value of the book. Newly introduced topics include: * Nanocomposites, including carbon nanotubes and exfoliated montmorillonite clays * The structure, motions, and functions of DNA and proteins, as well as the interfaces of polymeric biomaterials with living organisms * The glass transition behavior of nano-thin plastic films In addition, new sections have been included on fire retardancy, friction and wear, optical tweezers, and more. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, Fourth Edition provides both an essential introduction to the field as well as an entry point to the latest research and developments in polymer science and engineering, making it an indispensable text for chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, and polymer science and engineering students and professionals.
Introduction to Physics and Chemistry of Combustion
by Michael A. LibermanMost of the material covered in this book deals with the fundamentals of chemistry and physics of key processes and fundamental mechanisms for various combustion and combustion related phenomena in gaseous combustible mixture. It provides the reader with basic knowledge of burning processes and mechanisms of reaction wave propagation. The combustion of a gas mixture (flame, explosion, detonation) is necessarily accompanied by motion of the gas. The process of combustion is therefore not only a chemical phenomenon but also one of gas dynamics. The material selection focuses on the gas phase and with premixed gas combustion. Premixed gas combustion is of practical importance in engines, modern gas turbine and explosions, where the fuel and air are essentially premixed, and combustion occurs by the propagation of a front separating unburned mixture from fully burned mixture. Since premixed combustion is the most fundamental and potential for practical applications, the emphasis in the present work is be placed on regimes of premixed combustion. This text is intended for graduate students of different specialties, including physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, computer science, mathematics and astrophysics.
Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater
by James E. LandmeyerThis book provides the reader with the comprehensive view necessary to understand and critically evaluate the design, implementation, and monitoring of phytoremediation at sites characterized by contaminated groundwater. Part I presents the historical foundation of the interaction between plants and groundwater, introduces fundamental groundwater concepts for plant physiologists, and introduces basic plant physiology for hydrogeologists. Part II presents information on how to assess, design, implement, and monitor phytoremediation projects for hydrologic control. Part III presents how plants take up and detoxify a wide range of organic xenobiotics in contaminated groundwater systems, and provides various approaches on how this can be assessed and monitored. Throughout, concepts are emphasized with numerous case studies, illustrations and pertinent literature citations.
Introduction to Plant Automation and Controls
by Raymond F. GardnerIntroduction to Plant Automation and Controls addresses all aspects of modern central plant control systems, including instrumentation, control theory, plant systems, VFDs, PLCs, and supervisory systems. Design concepts and operational behavior of various plants are linked to their control philosophies in a manner that helps new or experienced engineers understand the process behind controls, installation, programming, and troubleshooting of automated systems. This groundbreaking book ties modern electronic-based automation and control systems to the special needs of plants and equipment. It applies practical plant operating experience, electronic-equipment design, and plant engineering to bring a unique approach to aspects of plant controls including security, programming languages, and digital theory. The multidimensional content, supported with 500 illustrations, ties together all aspects of plant controls into a single-source reference of otherwise difficult-to-find information. The increasing complexity of plant control systems requires engineers who can relate plant operations and behaviors to their control requirements. This book is ideal for readers with limited electrical and electronic experience, particularly those looking for a multidisciplinary approach for obtaining a practical understanding of control systems related to the best operating practices of large or small plants. It is an invaluable resource for becoming an expert in this field or as a single-source reference for plant control systems. Author Raymond F. Gardner is a professor of engineering at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York, and has been a practicing engineer for more than 40 years.
Introduction to Plant and Soil Science and Technology
by Jasper S. Lee Ronald J. BiondoAn introductory text for middle school and high school students, covering the role of plant and soil science, fundamentals of plant and soil science, plant pests, and meeting human needs with plants. Learning aids include career profiles and boxes on agri-industry connections, chapter summaries, questions, quizzes, and project ideas. Includes a glossary, and appendices.
Introduction to Plastics Engineering (Wiley-ASME Press Series)
by Vijay K. StokesThe authoritative introduction to all aspects of plastics engineering — offering both academic and industry perspectives in one complete volume. Introduction to Plastics Engineering provides a self-contained introduction to plastics engineering. A unique synergistic approach explores all aspects of material use — concepts, mechanics, materials, part design, part fabrication, and assembly — required for converting plastic materials, mainly in the form of small pellets, into useful products. Thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and advanced composites, the four disparate application areas of polymers normally treated as separate subjects, are covered together. Divided into five parts — Concepts, Mechanics, Materials, Part Processing and Assembly, and Material Systems — this inclusive volume enables readers to gain a well-rounded, foundational knowledge of plastics engineering. Chapters cover topics including the structure of polymers, how concepts from polymer physics explain the macro behavior of plastics, evolving concepts for plastics use, simple mechanics principles and their role in plastics engineering, models for the behavior of solids and fluids, and the mechanisms underlying the stiffening of plastics by embedded fibers. Drawing from his over fifty years in both academia and industry, Author Vijay Stokes uses the synergy between fundamentals and applications to provide a more meaningful introduction to plastics. Examines every facet of plastics engineering from materials and fabrication methods to advanced composites Provides accurate, up-to-date information for students and engineers both new to plastics and highly experienced with them Offers a practical guide to large number of materials and their applications Addresses current issues for mechanical design, part performance, and part fabrication Introduction to Plastics Engineering is an ideal text for practicing engineers, researchers, and students in mechanical and plastics engineering and related industries.
Introduction to Polymer Rheology
by Montgomery T. ShawAn introduction to the rheology of polymers, with simple math Designed for practicing scientists and engineers interested in polymer rheology science, education, consulting, or research and development, Introduction to Polymer Rheology is a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the study of the deformation and flow of matter under applied stress. Often considered a complicated topic for beginners, the book makes grasping the fundamentals of polymer rheology easy by presenting information in an approachable way and limiting the use of complex mathematics. By doing so, this introductory overview provides readers with easy access to the key concepts underlying the flow behavior of polymer melts, solutions, and suspensions. Incorporating sample problems that are worked through and explained on the page, as well as numerous practice problems to gauge learning comprehension, the book prepares new students and practitioners for moving on to more advanced concepts. Comprising twelve chapters, the book covers stress, velocity and rate of deformation, the relationship between stress and rate of deformation (Newtonian fluid), generalized Newtonian fluids, normal stresses and elastic behavior, experimental methods, small and large strain, the molecular origins of rheological behavior, elementary polymer processing concepts, quality control in rheology, and the flow of modified polymers and those with supermolecular structure. The essential reference for accurately interpreting polymer rheology data, Introduction to Polymer Rheology provides readers with an elementary understanding of the key issues and modern approaches to resolving problems in the field. An Instructor's Guide with answers to select problems in the text, 60 new problems with full solutions, hints for effective presentation of the material in the text, and an errata listing is available for professors using the book as a course textbook.
Introduction to Polymer Rheology and Processing
by Nicholas P. CheremisinoffAn Introduction to Polymer Rheology and Processing is a practical desk reference providing an overview of operating principles, data interpretation, and qualitative explanation of the importance and relationship of rheology to polymer processing operations. It covers full-scale processing operations, relating industrial processing operations and design methodology to laboratory-scale testing. Hundreds of design formulas applicable to scaling up the processing behavior of polymeric melts are presented. The book also provides a "working knowledge" description of major rheological test methods useful in product development and includes a useful glossary of polymer and test method/instrumentation definitions. Lavishly illustrated and featuring numerous sample calculations and modeling approaches, An Introduction to Polymer Rheology and Processing is a "must have" book for polymer engineers and rheologists.
Introduction to Polymer Science and Chemistry: A Problem-Solving Approach, Second Edition
by Manas ChandaIndustry and academia remain fascinated with the diverse properties and applications of polymers. However, most introductory books on this enormous and important field do not stress practical problem solving or include recent advances, which are critical for the modern polymer scientist-to-be. Updating the popular first edition of "the polymer book for the new millennium," this volume seamlessly integrates exploration of the fundamentals of polymer science and polymer chemistry. It is peppered with helpful questions and answers throughout to enhance understanding of presented theories and concepts.
Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity
by Montgomery T. Shaw William J. MacKnightCompletely revised and updated, the fourth edition of this classic text continues to offer the reader a thorough understanding of viscoelastic behavior, essential for the proper utilization of polymers. Explains principles, corresponding equations, and experimental methods with supporting real-life applications Adds coverage of measurement techniques (nano-indentation, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS)), biopolymer viscoelasticity, and the relationship between mechanical polymer properties and viscoelastic functions Has two new ections to address modern areas of viscoelastic measurement: large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) and microrheology Includes problems in the text and an Instructor’s Manual (including solutions) available for adopting professors Prior edition reviews: "The book is clear written and…[is] appropriate for students in introductory undergraduate courses and for others wanting introduction to the fundamentals of the subject." (CHOICE, December 2005); "This book is invariably well written, logically organized and easy to follow...I highly recommend this book to anyone studying polymer viscoelasticity." (Polymer News, December 2005)
Introduction to Polyphasic Dispersed Systems Theory
by Jacques ThierieThis book introduces a new paradigm in system description and modelling. The author shows the theoretical and practical successes of his approach, which involves replacing a traditional uniform description with a polyphasic description. This change of perspective reveals new fluxes that are cryptic in the classical description. Several case studies are given in this book, which is of interest of those working with biotechnology and green chemistry.
Introduction to Precision Machine Design and Error Assessment
by Samir MekidWhile ultra-precision machines are now achieving sub-nanometer accuracy, unique challenges continue to arise due to their tight specifications. Written to meet the growing needs of mechanical engineers and other professionals to understand these specialized design process issues, Introduction to Precision Machine Design and Error Assessment places
Introduction to Printed Electronics
by Katsuaki SuganumaThis book describes in detail modern technologies for printed electronics, explaining how nanotechnology and modern printing technology are merging to revolutionize electronics fabrication of thin, lightweight, large and inexpensive products. Readers will benefit from the explanations of materials, devices and circuits used to design and implement the latest applications of printed electronics, such as thin flexible OLED displays, organic solar cells, OLED lighting, smart wallpaper, sensors, logic, memory and more.
Introduction to Probabilistic and Statistical Methods with Examples in R (Intelligent Systems Reference Library #176)
by Katarzyna StaporThis book strikes a healthy balance between theory and applications, ensuring that it doesn’t offer a set of tools with no mathematical roots. It is intended as a comprehensive and largely self-contained introduction to probability and statistics for university students from various faculties, with accompanying implementations of some rudimentary statistical techniques in the language R. The content is divided into three basic parts: the first includes elements of probability theory, the second introduces readers to the basics of descriptive and inferential statistics (estimation, hypothesis testing), and the third presents the elements of correlation and linear regression analysis. Thanks to examples showing how to approach real-world problems using statistics, readers will acquire stronger analytical thinking skills, which are essential for analysts and data scientists alike.
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
by Milan HolickýThe theory of probability and mathematical statistics is becoming an indispensable discipline in many branches of science and engineering. This is caused by increasing significance of various uncertainties affecting performance of complex technological systems. Fundamental concepts and procedures used in analysis of these systems are often based on the theory of probability and mathematical statistics. The book sets out fundamental principles of the probability theory, supplemented by theoretical models of random variables, evaluation of experimental data, sampling theory, distribution updating and tests of statistical hypotheses. Basic concepts of Bayesian approach to probability and two-dimensional random variables, are also covered. Examples of reliability analysis and risk assessment of technological systems are used throughout the book to illustrate basic theoretical concepts and their applications. The primary audience for the book includes undergraduate and graduate students of science and engineering, scientific workers and engineers and specialists in the field of reliability analysis and risk assessment. Except basic knowledge of undergraduate mathematics no special prerequisite is required.
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Science, Engineering, and Finance
by Walter A. RosenkrantzIntegrating interesting and widely used concepts of financial engineering into traditional statistics courses, Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Science, Engineering, and Finance illustrates the role and scope of statistics and probability in various fields.The text first introduces the basics needed to understand and create
Introduction to Probability with R (Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science)
by Kenneth BaclawskiBased on a popular course taught by the late Gian-Carlo Rota of MIT, with many new topics covered as well, Introduction to Probability with R presents R programs and animations to provide an intuitive yet rigorous understanding of how to model natural phenomena from a probabilistic point of view. Although the R programs are small in length, they ar
Introduction to Process Control
by Victor A. SkorminThis textbook is intended for an introductory graduate level on process control, taught in most engineering curricula. It focuses on the statistical techniques and methods of control and system optimization needed for the mathematical modeling, analysis, simulation, control and optimization of multivariable manufacturing processes. In four sections, it covers: Relevant mathematical methods, including random events, variables and processes, and their characteristics; estimation and confidence intervals; Bayes applications; correlation and regression analysis; statistical cluster analysis; and singular value decomposition for classification applications. Mathematical description of manufacturing processes, including static and dynamic models; model validation; confidence intervals for model parameters; principal component analysis; conventional and recursive least squares procedures; nonlinear least squares; and continuous-time, discrete-time, s-domain and Z-domain models. Control of manufacturing processes, including transfer function/transfer matrix models; state-variable models; methods of discrete-time classical control; state variable discrete-time control; state observers/estimators in control systems; methods of decoupling control; and methods of adaptive control. Methods and applications of system optimization, including unconstrained and constrained optimization; analytical and numerical optimization procedures; use of penalty functions; methods of linear programming; gradient methods; direct search methods; genetic optimization; methods and applications of dynamic programming; and applications to estimation, design, control, and planning. Each section of the book will include end-of-chapter exercises, and the book will be suitable for any systems, electrical, chemical, or industrial engineering program, as it focuses on the processes themselves, and not on the product being manufactured. Students will be able to obtain a mathematical model of any manufacturing process, to design a computer-based control system for a particular continuous manufacturing process, and be able to formulate an engineering problem in terms of optimization, as well as the ability to choose and apply the appropriate optimization technique.
Introduction to Process Control, Third Edition (Chemical Industries)
by Jose A. Romagnoli Ahmet PalazogluIntroduction to Process Control, Third Edition continues to provide a bridge between traditional and modern views of process control by blending conventional topics with a broader perspective of integrated process operation, control, and information systems. Updated and expanded throughout, this third edition addresses issues highly relevant to today’s teaching of process control: Discusses smart manufacturing, new data preprocessing techniques, and machine learning and artificial intelligence concepts that are part of current smart manufacturing decisions Includes extensive references to guide the reader to the resources needed to solve modeling, classification, and monitoring problems Introduces the link between process optimization and process control (optimizing control), including the effect of disturbances on the optimal plant operation, the concepts of steady-state and dynamic back-off as ways to quantify the economic benefits of control, and how to determine an optimal transition policy during a planned production change Incorporates an introduction to the modern architectures of industrial computer control systems with real case studies and applications to pilot-scale operations Analyzes the expanded role of process control in modern manufacturing, including model-centric technologies and integrated control systems Integrates data processing/reconciliation and intelligent monitoring in the overall control system architecture Drawing on the authors’ combined 60 years of teaching experiences, this classroom-tested text is designed for chemical engineering students but is also suitable for industrial practitioners who need to understand key concepts of process control and how to implement them. The text offers a comprehensive pedagogical approach to reinforce learning and presents a concept first followed by an example, allowing students to grasp theoretical concepts in a practical manner and uses the same problem in each chapter, culminating in a complete control design strategy. A vast number of exercises throughout ensure readers are supported in their learning and comprehension. Downloadable MATLAB® toolboxes for process control education as well as the main simulation examples from the book offer a user-friendly software environment for interactively studying the examples in the text. These can be downloaded from the publisher’s website. Solutions manual is available for qualifying professors from the publisher.