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Memory Controllers for Mixed-Time-Criticality Systems
by Sven Goossens Karthik Chandrasekar Benny Akesson Kees GoossensThis book discusses the design and performance analysis of SDRAM controllers that cater to both real-time and best-effort applications, i. e. mixed-time-criticality memory controllers. The authors describe the state of the art, and then focus on an architecture template for reconfigurable memory controllers that addresses effectively the quickly evolving set of SDRAM standards, in terms of worst-case timing and power analysis, as well as implementation. A prototype implementation of the controller in SystemC and synthesizable VHDL for an FPGA development board are used as a proof of concept of the architecture template.
Memory Controllers for Real-Time Embedded Systems
by Benny Akesson Kees GoossensVerification of real-time requirements in systems-on-chip becomes more complex as more applications are integrated. Predictable and composable systems can manage the increasing complexity using formal verification and simulation. This book explains the concepts of predictability and composability and shows how to apply them to the design and analysis of a memory controller, which is a key component in any real-time system.
Memory Mass Storage
by Federico Tiziani Giovanni Campardo Massimo IaculoMemory Mass Storage describes the fundamental storage technologies, like Semiconductor, Magnetic, Optical and Uncommon, detailing the main technical characteristics of the storage devices. It deals not only with semiconductor and hard disk memory, but also with different ways to manufacture and assembly them, and with their application to meet market requirements. It also provides an introduction to the epistemological issues arising in defining the process of remembering, as well as an overview on human memory, and an interesting excursus about biological memories and their organization, to better understand how the best memory we have, our brain, is able to imagine and design memory.
Memory, Microprocessor, and ASIC (Principles And Applications In Engineering Ser. #Vol. 7)
by Wai-Kai ChenTiming, memory, power dissipation, testing, and testability are all crucial elements of VLSI circuit design. In this volume culled from the popular VLSI Handbook, experts from around the world provide in-depth discussions on these and related topics. Stacked gate, embedded, and flash memory all receive detailed treatment, including their power cons
The Memory of Forgotten Things
by Kat ZhangIn the tradition of The Thing About Jellyfish and When You Reach Me, acclaimed author Kat Zhang offers a luminous and heartbreaking novel about a girl who is convinced that an upcoming solar eclipse will bring back her dead mother. <P><P>One of the happiest memories twelve-year-old Sophia Wallace has is of her tenth birthday. Her mother made her a cake that year—and not a cake from a boxed-mix, but from scratch. She remembers the way the frosting tasted, the way the pink sugar roses dissolved on her tongue. This memory, and a scant few others like it, is all Sophia has of her mother, so she keeps them close. She keeps them secret, too. Because as paltry as these memories are, she shouldn’t have them at all. The truth is, Sophia Wallace’s mother died when she was six years old. But that isn’t how she remembers it. Not always. Sophia has never told anyone about her unusual memories—snapshots of a past that never happened. But everything changes when Sophia’s seventh grade English class gets an assignment to research solar eclipses. She becomes convinced that the upcoming solar eclipse will grant her the opportunity to make her alternate life come true, to enter a world where her mother never died. <P><P>With the help of two misfit boys, she must figure out a way to bring her mother back to her—before the opportunity is lost forever.
Memristive Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: Dynamics, Synchronization and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Fadhil Rahma Saif MuneamMemristive Nonlinear Electronic Circuits deals with nonlinear systems in the design and implementation of circuits for generating complex dynamics. The brief proposes a new memristor model using an inverse tangent function, which achieves the characteristics of the memristor and can be implemented easily because it corresponds to the bipolar transistor differential pair. The authors design a new model-based memristive time-delay system by obtaining a time-delay memristive differential equation, which can generate an n-scroll chaotic attractor by adjusting the proposed nonlinear function. These designs are carried out using OrCAD-PSpice. The brief also presents a new time-delay memristive circuit excited by a nonautonomous staircase function which can generate grid chaotic attractors: new families of grids of n×m-scrolls. For increasingly complex dynamics of the circuits, the authors propose a new five-dimensional autonomous system with two memristors. The dynamical characteristics are investigated by phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams. The brief applies two synchronization methods to the memristive circuits: PC synchronization, and feedback control synchronization. The authors consider synchronization as the idea underlying idea the applications in nonlinear electronic circuits. Finally, the double-memristor system is employed to give rise to a highly secure dual-stage encryption technique.
Memristor Computing Systems
by Leon O. Chua Ronald Tetzlaff Angela SlavovaThis contributed volume offers practical solutions and design-, modeling-, and implementation-related insights that address current research problems in memristors, memristive devices, and memristor computing. The book studies and addresses related challenges in and proposes solutions for the future of memristor computing. State-of-the-art research on memristor modeling, memristive interconnections, memory circuit architectures, software simulation tools, and applications of memristors in computing are presented. Utilising contributions from numerous experts in the field, written in clear language and illustrated throughout, this book is a comprehensive reference work. Memristor Computing Systems explains memristors and memristive devices in an accessible way for graduate students and researchers with a basic knowledge of electrical and control systems engineering, as well as prompting further research for more experienced academics.
Memristor Emulator Circuits
by Abdullah G. Alharbi Masud H. ChowdhuryThis book provides a comprehensive study of the research outcomes on memristor emulator circuits and includes various analog applications as examples. The authors describe in detail how to design different types of memristor emulators, using active and passive components for different applications. Most of the emulator circuits presented in this book are new and are the outcomes of the authors’ recent research. Coverage also includes the latest technological advances in memristor and memristor emulators. Readers will benefit from an understanding of the fundamental concepts and potential applications related to memristors, since these emulator circuits can be built in the laboratory using inexpensive, off-the-shelf circuit components.Introduces readers to memristor emulator circuit design, using regular off-the-shelf circuit components;Describes analog applications of memristors that can be verified by the proposed emulator circuits;Includes a brief overview of the updated mathematical models of the memristor device, with different material implementations;Equips readers to understand the three fingerprints of memristors, which make them unique, compared to the three known, passive elements (resistor, inductor and capacitor).
Memristor Networks
by Andrew Adamatzky Leon ChuaUsing memristors one can achieve circuit functionalities that are not possible to establish with resistors, capacitors and inductors, therefore the memristor is of great pragmatic usefulness. Potential unique applications of memristors are in spintronic devices, ultra-dense information storage, neuromorphic circuits and programmable electronics. Memristor Networks focuses on the design, fabrication, modelling of and implementation of computation in spatially extended discrete media with many memristors. Top experts in computer science, mathematics, electronics, physics and computer engineering present foundations of the memristor theory and applications, demonstrate how to design neuromorphic network architectures based on memristor assembles, analyse varieties of the dynamic behaviour of memristive networks and show how to realise computing devices from memristors. All aspects of memristor networks are presented in detail, in a fully accessible style. An indispensable source of information and an inspiring reference text, Memristor Networks is an invaluable resource for future generations of computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and engineers.
Memristor Technology: Synthesis and Modeling for Sensing and Security Applications
by Heba Abunahla Baker MohammadThis book provides readers with a single-source guide to fabricate, characterize and model memristor devices for sensing applications. The authors describe a correlated, physics-based model to simulate and predict the behavior of devices fabricated with different oxide materials, active layer thickness, and operating temperature. They discuss memristors from various perspectives, including working mechanisms, different synthesis methods, characterization procedures, and device employment in radiation sensing and security applications.
Memristors and Memelements: Mathematics, Physics and Fiction (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Massimiliano Di Ventra Yuriy V. PershinThis book, written by two pioneers in the field, provides a clear and concise description of memristors and other memory elements. It stresses the difference between their mathematical definition and physical reality. The reader will then be able to distinguish between what is experimentally realizable and various fictitious claims that plague the scientific literature. The discussion is kept simple enough that the book should be easily accessible not only to graduate students and researchers in Physics and Engineering, but also to undergraduate students interested in this topic.
Memristors and Memristive Systems
by Ronald TetzlaffThis book provides a comprehensive overview of current research on memristors, memcapacitors and, meminductors. In addition to an historical overview of the research in this area, coverage includes the theory behind memristive circuits, as well as memcapacitance, and meminductance. Details are shown for recent applications of memristors for resistive random access memories, neuromorphic systems and hybrid CMOS/memristor circuits. Methods for the simulation of memristors are demonstrated and an introduction to neuromorphic modeling is provided.
MEMS: Fundamental Technology and Applications (Devices, Circuits, and Systems #15)
by Krzysztof Iniewski Vikas ChoudharyThe microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) industry has experienced explosive growth over the last decade. Applications range from accelerometers and gyroscopes used in automotive safety to high-precision on-chip integrated oscillators for reference generation and mobile phones. MEMS: Fundamental Technology and Applications brings together groundbreaking research in MEMS technology and explores an eclectic set of novel applications enabled by the technology. The book features contributions by top experts from industry and academia from around the world. The contributors explain the theoretical background and supply practical insights on applying the technology. From the historical evolution of nano micro systems to recent trends, they delve into topics including: Thin-film integrated passives as an alternative to discrete passives The possibility of piezoelectric MEMS Solutions for MEMS gyroscopes Advanced interconnect technologies Ambient energy harvesting Bulk acoustic wave resonators Ultrasonic receiver arrays using MEMS sensors Optical MEMS-based spectrometers The integration of MEMS resonators with conventional circuitry A wearable inertial and magnetic MEMS sensor assembly to estimate rigid body movement patterns Wireless microactuators to enable implantable MEMS devices for drug delivery MEMS technologies for tactile sensing and actuation in robotics MEMS-based micro hot-plate devices Inertial measurement units with integrated wireless circuitry to enable convenient, continuous monitoring Sensors using passive acousto-electric devices in wired and wireless systems Throughout, the contributors identify challenges and pose questions that need to be resolved, paving the way for new applications. Offering a wide view of the MEMS landscape, this is an invaluable resource for anyone working to develop and commercialize MEMS applications.
MEMS and Microfluidics in Healthcare: Devices and Applications Perspectives (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #989)
by Koushik Guha Gorachand Dutta Arindam Biswas K. Srinivasa RaoThe book introduces the research significance of biomedical instrumentation and discusses micro-fabrication techniques utilized for biomedical devices. This book primarily focuses on the reader enlightenment on MEMS medical devices by introducing all the diagnostic devices and treatment tools at one place. The book covers in-depth technical works and general introductions to the devices such that the book can reach technical as well as non-technical readers.
MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors
by Chandan Kumar Sarkar Sunipa RoyHow Can We Lower the Power Consumption of Gas Sensors? <P><P>There is a growing demand for low-power, high-density gas sensor arrays that can overcome problems relative to high power consumption. Low power consumption is a prerequisite for any type of sensor system to operate at optimum efficiency. Focused on fabrication-friendly microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other areas of sensor technology, MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors explores the distinct advantages of using MEMS in low power consumption, and provides extensive coverage of the MEMS/nanotechnology platform for gas sensor applications. This book outlines the microfabrication technology needed to fabricate a gas sensor on a MEMS platform. It discusses semiconductors, graphene, nanocrystalline ZnO-based microfabricated sensors, and nanostructures for volatile organic compounds. It also includes performance parameters for the state of the art of sensors, and the applications of MEMS and nanotechnology in different areas relevant to the sensor domain. <P><P>In addition, the book includes: <li>An introduction to MEMS for MEMS materials, and a historical background of MEMS <li>A concept for cleanroom technology <li>The substrate materials used for MEMS <li>Two types of deposition techniques, including chemical vapour deposition (CVD) <li>The properties and types of photoresists, and the photolithographic processes <li>Different micromachining techniques for the gas sensor platform, and bulk and surface micromachining <li>The design issues of a microheater for MEMS-based sensors <li>The synthesis technique of a nanocrystalline metal oxide layer <li>A detailed review about graphene; its different deposition techniques; and its important electronic, electrical, and mechanical properties with its application as a gas sensor <li>Low-cost, low-temperature synthesis techniques <li>An explanation of volatile organic compound (VOC) detection and how relative humidity affects the sensing parameters <P><P>MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors provides a broad overview of current, emerging, and possible future MEMS applications. MEMS technology can be applied in the automotive, consumer, industrial, and biotechnology domains.
MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 5
by Barton C. Prorok Lavern StarmanThe 16thInternational Symposium on MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 5 of the Proceedings of the 2015SEM Annual Conference& Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fifth volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Microscale and Microstructural Effects on Mechanical Behavior Dynamic Micro/Nanomechanics In-situ Techniques Mechanics of Graphene Indentation and Small Scale Testing MEMS
MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 5
by Gordon Shaw III Barton C. Prorok Lavern Starman Cosme FurlongMEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fifth volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Microelectronics Packaging Single Atom/Molecule Mechanical Testing MEMS Devices & Fabrication In-Situ Mechanical Testing Nanoindentation Experimental Analysis of Low-Dimensional Materials for Nanotechnology
MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 6
by Lavern A. Starman Gordon A. Shaw Barton C. ProrokMEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics represents one of seven volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics SEM 12th International Congress & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Costa Mesa, California, June 11-14, 2012. The full set of proceedings also includes volumes on Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Imaging Methods for Novel Materials and Challenging Applications, Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials and, Composite Materials and Joining Technologies for Composites.
MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 8
by Barton C. Prorok Lavern Starman Jennifer Hay Gordon Shaw IIIMEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 8: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the eighth volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Small-Scale Plasticity MEMS and Electronic Packaging Mechanics of Graphene Interfacial Mechanics Methods in Measuring Small-Scale Displacements Organic and Inorganic Nanowires AFM and Resonant-Based Methods Thin Films and Nano fibers
MEMS and NEMS: Systems, Devices, and Structures (Nano- and Microscience, Engineering, Technology and Medicine)
by Sergey Edward LyshevskiThe development of micro- and nano-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) foreshadows momentous changes not only in the technological world, but in virtually every aspect of human life. The future of the field is bright with opportunities, but also riddled with challenges, ranging from further theoretical development through advances in fabrication technologies, to developing high-performance nano- and microscale systems, devices, and structures, including transducers, switches, logic gates, actuators and sensors. MEMS and NEMS: Systems, Devices, and Structures is designed to help you meet those challenges and solve fundamental, experimental, and applied problems. Written from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book forms the basis for the synthesis, modeling, analysis, simulation, control, prototyping, and fabrication of MEMS and NEMS. The author brings together the various paradigms, methods, and technologies associated with MEMS and NEMS to show how to synthesize, analyze, design, and fabricate them. Focusing on the basics, he illustrates the development of NEMS and MEMS architectures, physical representations, structural synthesis, and optimization. The applications of MEMS and NEMS in areas such as biotechnology, medicine, avionics, transportation, and defense are virtually limitless. This book helps prepare you to take advantage of their inherent opportunities and effectively solve problems related to their configurations, systems integration, and control.
MEMS-based Transdermal Drug Delivery
by Richa Mishra T.K. BhattacharyyaThis book introduces transdermal drug delivery and the developments that have taken place in various transdermal drug delivery techniques including the system-level design approach of a novel miniaturized medical device to offer precise and painless drug delivery via a skin-based transdermal route. It discusses the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based fabrication technique and the design, fabrication and characterization of different MEMS-based components like microneedles and micropumps. It further includes a MEMS-based component micropump with design, analysis, fabrication and characterization of the transdermal drug delivery device and challenges encountered in the design improvements.Features: Summarizes transdermal drug delivery systems especially with a focus on MEMS and microneedles, including theoretical concepts Emphasizes system integration by describing simulation and design techniques as well as experimental fabrication Discusses system-level integration for miniaturized therapeutic devices Includes working simulation models covering microneedles and micropump analysis Explores future direction in development of pertinent devices The book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in biomedical engineering, microelectronics, micro-electro-mechanical-systems, and drug delivery.
MEMS: Field Models and Optimal Design (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #573)
by Paolo Di Barba Slawomir WiakThis book highlights numerical models as powerful tools for the optimal design of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Most MEMS experts have a background in electronics, where circuit models or behavioral models (i.e. lumped-parameter models) of devices are preferred to field models. This is certainly convenient in terms of preliminary design, e.g. in the prototyping stage. However, design optimization should also take into account fine-sizing effects on device behavior and therefore be based on distributed-parameter models, such as finite-element models. The book shows how the combination of automated optimal design and field-based models can produce powerful design toolboxes for MEMS. It especially focuses on illustrating theoretical concepts with practical examples, fostering comprehension through a problem-solving approach. By comparing the results obtained using different methods, readers will learn to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses. In addition, special emphasis is given to evolutionary computing and nature-inspired optimization strategies, the effectiveness of which has already been amply demonstrated. Given its scope, the book provides PhD students, researchers and professionals in the area of computer-aided analysis with a comprehensive, yet concise and practice-oriented guide to MEMS design and optimization. To benefit most from the book, readers should have a basic grasp of electromagnetism, vector analysis and numerical methods.
MEMS Linear and Nonlinear Statics and Dynamics
by Mohammad I. YounisMEMS Linear and Nonlinear Statics and Dynamics presents the necessary analytical and computational tools for MEMS designers to model and simulate most known MEMS devices, structures, and phenomena. This book also provides an in-depth analysis and treatment of the most common static and dynamic phenomena in MEMS that are encountered by engineers. Coverage also includes nonlinear modeling approaches to modeling various MEMS phenomena of a nonlinear nature, such as those due to electrostatic forces, squeeze-film damping, and large deflection of structures. The book also: Includes examples of numerous MEMS devices and structures that require static or dynamic modelingProvides code for programs in Matlab, Mathematica, and ANSYS for simulating the behavior of MEMS structuresProvides real world problems related to the dynamics of MEMS such as dynamics of electrostatically actuated devices, stiction and adhesion of microbeams due to electrostatic and capillary forcesMEMS Linear and Nonlinear Statics and Dynamics is an ideal volume for researchers and engineers working in MEMS design and fabrication.
MEMS Lorentz Force Magnetometers
by Cesare BuffaThis book deals with compasses for consumer applications realized in MEMS technology, to support location-based and orientation-based services in addition to 'traditional' functionalities based on navigation. Navigation is becoming a must-have feature in portable devices and the presence of a compass also makes location-based augmented reality emerge, where a street map or a camera image could be overlaid with highly detailed information about what is in front of the user. To make these features possible both industries and scientific research focus on three axis magnetometers. The author describes a full path from specifications (driven by customers' needs/desires) to prototype and preparing the way to industrialization and commercialization. The presentation includes an overview of all the major steps of this research and development process, highlighting critical points and potential pitfalls, as well as how to forecast or mitigate them. Coverage includes system design, specifications fulfillment, design strategy and project development methodology, in addition to traditional topics such as microelectronics design, sensor design, development of an experimental setup and characterization. The author uses a practical approach, including pragmatic guidelines and design choices, while maintaining focus on the final target, prototyping in the direction of industrialization and mass production.
MEMS Materials and Processes Handbook
by Reza Ghodssi Pinyen LinMEMs Materials and Processes Handbook" is a comprehensive reference for researchers searching for new materials, properties of known materials, or specific processes available for MEMS fabrication. The content is separated into distinct sections on "Materials" and "Processes". The extensive Material Selection Guide" and a "Material Database" guides the reader through the selection of appropriate materials for the required task at hand. The "Processes" section of the book is organized as a catalog of various microfabrication processes, each with a brief introduction to the technology, as well as examples of common uses in MEMs.