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Interval Analysis: Application in the Optimal Control Problems (IEEE Press Series on Control Systems Theory and Applications)
by Navid RazmjooyInterval Analysis An innovative and unique application of interval analysis to optimal control problems In Interval Analysis: Application in the Optimal Control Problems, celebrated researcher and engineer Dr. Navid Razmjooy delivers an expert discussion of the uncertainties in the analysis of optimal control problems. In the book, Dr. Razmjooy uses an open-ended approach to solving optimal control problems with indefinite intervals. Utilizing an extended, Runge-Kutta method, the author demonstrates how to accelerate its speed with the piecewise function. You’ll find recursive methods used to achieve more compact answers, as well as how to solve optimal control problems using the interval Chebyshev’s function. The book also contains: A thorough introduction to common errors and mistakes, generating uncertainties in physical models Comprehensive explorations of the literature on the subject, including Hukurara’s derivatives Practical discussions of the interval analysis and its variants, including the classical (Minkowski) methods Complete treatments of existing control methods, including classic, conventional advanced, and robust control. Perfect for master’s and PhD students working on system uncertainties, Interval Analysis: Application in the Optimal Control Problems will also benefit researchers working in laboratories, universities, and research centers.
Interval Methods for Solving Nonlinear Constraint Satisfaction, Optimization and Similar Problems: From Inequalities Systems to Game Solutions (Studies in Computational Intelligence #805)
by Bartłomiej Jacek KubicaThis book highlights recent research on interval methods for solving nonlinear constraint satisfaction, optimization and similar problems. Further, it presents a comprehensive survey of applications in various branches of robotics, artificial intelligence systems, economics, control theory, dynamical systems theory, and others. Three appendices, on the notation, representation of numbers used as intervals’ endpoints, and sample implementations of the interval data type in several programming languages, round out the coverage.
Interval Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis (IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems)
by Alfredo VaccaroInterval Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis In Interval Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis, accomplished engineer Dr. Alfredo Vaccaro delivers a comprehensive discussion of the mathematical foundations of range analysis and its application to solving traditional power system operation problems in the presence of strong and correlated uncertainties. The book explores highly relevant topics in the area, from interval methods for uncertainty representation and management to a variety of application examples. The author offers readers the latest methodological breakthroughs and roadmaps to implementing the mathematics discussed within, as well as best practices commonly employed across the industry. Interval Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis includes examinations of linear and non-linear equations, as well as: A thorough introduction to reliable computing, including discussions of interval arithmetic and interval-based operators Comprehensive explorations of uncertain power flow analysis, including discussions of problem formulation and sources of uncertainty in power flow analysis In-depth examinations of uncertain optimal power flow analysis Fulsome discussions of uncertain small signal stability analysis, including treatments of how to compute eigenvalues of uncertain matrices Perfect for engineers working in power flow and optimal power flow analyses, optimization theory, and computer aided simulation, Interval Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers and graduate students studying decision making under uncertainty in power systems operation.
Interval Reachability Analysis: Bounding Trajectories of Uncertain Systems with Boxes for Control and Verification (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Murat Arcak Pierre-Jean Meyer Alex DevonportThis brief presents a suite of computationally efficient methods for bounding trajectories of dynamical systems with multi-dimensional intervals, or ‘boxes’. It explains the importance of bounding trajectories for evaluating the robustness of systems in the face of parametric uncertainty, and for verification or control synthesis problems with respect to safety and reachability properties. The methods presented make use of: interval analysis; monotonicity theory; contraction theory; and data-driven techniques that sample trajectories. The methods are implemented in an accompanying open-source Toolbox for Interval Reachability Analysis. This brief provides a tutorial description of each method, focusing on the requirements and trade-offs relevant to the user, requiring only basic background on dynamical systems. The second part of the brief describes applications of interval reachability analysis. This makes the brief of interest to a wide range of academic researchers, graduate students, and practising engineers in the field of control and verification.
Interval Type-3 Fuzzy Systems: Theory and Design (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #418)
by Oscar Castillo Patricia Melin Juan R. CastroThis book briefly reviews the basic concepts of type-2 fuzzy systems and then describes the proposed definitions for interval type-3 fuzzy sets and relations, also interval type-3 inference and systems. The use of type-2 fuzzy systems has become widespread in the leading economy sectors, especially in industrial and application areas, such as services, health, defense, and so on. However, recently the use of interval type-3 fuzzy systems has been receiving increasing attention and some successful applications have been developed in the last year. These issues were taken into consideration for this book, as we did realize that there was a need to offer the main theoretical concepts of type-3 fuzzy logic, as well as methods to design, develop and implement the type-3 fuzzy systems. A review of basic concepts and their use in the design and implementation of interval type-3 fuzzy systems, which are relatively new models of uncertainty and imprecision, are presented. The main focus of this work is based on the basic reasons of the need for interval type-3 fuzzy systems in different areas of application. In addition, we describe methods for designing interval type-3 fuzzy systems and illustrate this with some examples and simulations.
Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics (The Occupational Ergonomics Handbook, Second Edition)
by Paul C. H. LiCompletely revised and updated, taking the scientific rigor to a whole new level, the second edition of the Occupational Ergonomics Handbook is now available in two volumes. This new organization demonstrates the enormous amount of advances that have occurred in the field since the publication of the first edition. The editors have brought together
Intestinal Failure and Rehabilitation: A Clinical Guide
by Laura E. Matarese Ezra Steiger Douglas L. SeidnerThe introduction of parenteral nutrition support has given patients with short bowel syndrome the time they need to achieve maximal intestinal rehabilitation and has allowed these patients to survive. The pioneering work of Drs. Byrnes and Wilmore in the 1990s focused on novel techniques to enhance intestinal adaptation and absorption, including mo
Into a Deeper Understanding of Evolutionary Computing: Volume 1 (Emergence, Complexity and Computation #50)
by Swagatam Das Abdul Hanif Abdul Halim Idris IsmailThis book delves into fundamental and advanced strategies for enhancing evolutionary and metaheuristic algorithms, focusing on the crucial balance between exploration and exploitation in search mechanisms. As technological advancements increase optimization complexity, effectively managing this balance becomes essential for achieving optimal solutions within reasonable computational resources. The book's distinctive structure organizes content according to optimization stages and processes, offering a comprehensive discussion of various approaches supported by extensive literature. The authors note a scarcity of literature addressing the trade-offs between exploration and exploitation with contemporary references, making this work particularly valuable. It aims to deepen the reader's understanding of evolutionary computing, emphasizing exploration, exploitation, and parameter control. It is relevant not only to algorithm developers and the evolutionary computation community but also to students and researchers across scientific disciplines. The book is designed to be accessible to those without extensive algorithm development backgrounds, providing theoretical and practical insights into optimization methods.
Into a Deeper Understanding of Evolutionary Computing: Volume 2 (Emergence, Complexity and Computation #51)
by Swagatam Das Abdul Hanif Abdul Halim Idris IsmailThis book delves into fundamental and advanced strategies for enhancing evolutionary and metaheuristic algorithms, focusing on the crucial balance between exploration and exploitation in search mechanisms. As technological advancements increase optimization complexity, effectively managing this balance becomes essential for achieving optimal solutions within reasonable computational resources. The book's distinctive structure organizes content according to optimization stages and processes, offering a comprehensive discussion of various approaches supported by extensive literature. The authors note a scarcity of literature addressing the trade-offs between exploration and exploitation with contemporary references, making this work particularly valuable. It aims to deepen the reader's understanding of evolutionary computing, emphasizing exploration, exploitation, and parameter control. It is relevant not only to algorithm developers and the evolutionary computation community but also to students and researchers across scientific disciplines. The book is designed to be accessible to those without extensive algorithm development backgrounds, providing theoretical and practical insights into optimization methods.
Into the Black: The Extraordinary Untold Story of the First Flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia and the Astronauts Who Flew Her
by Rowland WhiteA book &“no aviation buff will want to miss&” (The Wall Street Journal) and &“the perfect tale that educates as it entertains&” (Clive Cussler, #1 bestselling author), Into the Black recaptures the historic moments leading up to and the exciting story of the astronauts who flew the daring maiden flight of the space shuttle Columbia.Using interviews, NASA oral histories, and recently declassified material, Into the Black pieces together the dramatic untold story of the Columbia mission and the brave people who dedicated themselves to help the United States succeed in the age of space exploration. On April 12, 1981, NASA’s Space Shuttle Columbia blasted off from Cape Canaveral. It was the most advanced, state-of-the-art flying machine ever built, challenging the minds and imagination of America’s top engineers and pilots. Columbia was the world’s first real spaceship: a winged rocket plane, the size of an airliner, and capable of flying to space and back before preparing to fly again. On board were moonwalker John Young and test pilot Bob Crippen. Less than an hour after Young and Crippen’s spectacular departure from the Cape, all was not well. Tiles designed to protect the ship from the blowtorch burn of re-entry were missing from the heat shield. If the damage to Columbia was too great, the astronauts wouldn’t be able to return safely to earth. NASA turned to the National Reconnaissance Office, a spy agency hidden deep inside the Pentagon whose very existence was classified. To help the ship, the NRO would attempt something never done before. Success would require skill, perfect timing, and luck. Set against the backdrop of the Cold War, Into the Black is a thrilling race against time and the incredible true story of the first space shuttle mission that celebrates our passion for spaceflight.
Into the Deep: Science, Technology, and the Quest to Protect the Ocean
by Christy PetersonContaining 97 percent of Earth's water supply, the ocean plays a huge role in regulating global temperatures, supporting plant and animal life, and contributing to the livelihoods of millions of people. But in spite of all this, the ocean remains drastically unexplored, and the details of its impact on human lives aren't fully understood. Scientists from around the world are realizing that to address issues plaguing the ocean, such as dead zones, coral bleaching, and climate change, we need to better understand this incredible, unique feature of our planet. With a range of impressive, cutting-edge technologies at their disposal, oceanographers have set out to measure, sample, and analyze at every turn. Every day, mysteries about the ocean are being solved, and every day, new questions come to light. The more scientists learn, the better they are able to answer these new questions. What lies in the deep? And who is at the forefront of these exciting discoveries? The scientists and research included in this book shed light on the most pressing issues currently facing oceanographers and point us in the right direction to solving these challenges.
Into the Great Emptiness: Peril And Survival On The Greenland Ice Cap
by David RobertsA Library Journal Best Book of 2022 in Science and Technology “A gripping saga—and one of Roberts’s finest books.” —Jon Krakauer The riveting story of one of the greatest but least-known sagas in the history of exploration. By 1930, no place in the world was less well explored than Greenland. The native Inuit had occupied the relatively accessible west coast for centuries. The east coast, however, was another story. In August 1930, Henry George Watkins (nicknamed “Gino”), a twenty-three-year-old British explorer, led thirteen scientists and explorers on an ambitious expedition to the east coast of Greenland and into its vast and forbidding interior to set up a permanent meteorological base on the icecap, 8,200 feet above sea level. The Ice Cap Station was to be the anchor of a transpolar route of air travel from Europe to North America. The weather on the ice cap was appalling. Fierce storms. Temperatures plunging lower than –50° Fahrenheit in the winter. Watkins’s scheme called for rotating teams of two men each to monitor the station for two months at a time. No one had ever tried to winter over in that hostile landscape, let alone manage a weather station through twelve continuous months. Watkins was younger than anyone under his command. But he had several daring trips to the Arctic under his belt and no one doubted his judgement. The first crisis came in the fall when a snowstorm stranded a resupply mission halfway to the top for many weeks. When they arrived at the ice cap, there were not enough provisions and fuel for another two-man shift, so the station would have to be abandoned. Then team member August Courtauld made an astonishing offer. To enable the mission to go forward, he would monitor the station solo through the winter. When a team went up in March to relieve Courtauld, after weeks of brutal effort to make the 130-mile journey, they could find no trace of him or the station. By the end of March, Courtauld’s situation was desperate. He was buried under an immovable load of frozen snow and was disastrously short on supplies. On April 21, four months after Courtauld began his solitary vigil, Gino Watkins set out inland with two companions to find and rescue him. David Roberts, “veteran mountain climber and chronicler of adventures” (Washington Post), draws on firsthand accounts and archival materials to tell the story of this daring expedition and of the epic survival ordeal that ensued.
Into the Planet: My Life as a Cave Diver
by Jill HeinerthThe renowned cave diver takes readers on “a thrill ride into unfamiliar worlds”—exploring the hidden depths of our oceans and sunken caves (Publishers Weekly).More people have died exploring underwater caves than climbing Mount Everest, and we know more about deep space than we do about the depths of our oceans. In this thrilling firsthand account, Jill Heinerth blends science, adventure, and memoir to bring readers face-to-face with the terror and beauty of earth’s final frontier—and the extremes of human capability.One of the world’s foremost cave divers, Heinerth’s achievements include leading a team that discovered the ancient watery remains of Mayan civilizations and becoming the first person in history to dive deep into an Antarctic iceberg. In Into the Planet, she vividly recounts everything from discovering new species and examining our finite freshwater reserves to the prejudices women face when pursuing careers underwater.
Into the Wild: Beyond the Design Research Lab (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #48)
by Andy Crabtree Alan ChamberlainThis edited collection opens up new intellectual territories and articulates the ways in which academics are theorising and practicing new forms of research in ‘wild’ contexts. Many researchers are choosing to leave the familiarity of their laboratory-based settings in order to pursue in-situ studies ‘in the wild’ that can help them to better understand the implications of their work in real-world settings. This has naturally led to ethical, philosophical and practical reappraisals with regard to the taken for granted lab-based modus operandi of scientific, cultural and design-based ways of working. This evolving movement has led to a series of critical debates opening up around the nature of research in the wild, but up until now these debates have not been drawn together in a coherent way that could be useful in an academic context. The book brings together applied, methodological and theoretical perspectives relating to this subject area, and provides a platform and a source of reference material for researchers, students and academics to base their work on. Cutting across multiple disciplines relating to philosophy, sociology, ethnography, design, human–computer interaction, science, history and critical theory, this timely collection appeals to a broad range of academics in varying fields of research.
Intracellular Delivery II
by Aleš Prokop Yasuhiko Iwasaki Atsushi HaradaThis volume is a continuation of Volume 1 following the previously published Editorial. More emphasis is given to novel nanocarrier designs, their characterization and function, and applications for drug discovery and treatment. A number of chapters will deal with nanofibers as a new major application within the biomedical field with a very high success rate particularly in wound healing and diabetic foot and spine injuries. A major new subdivision will deal with mathematical methods for the assembly of nanocarriers both for simulation and function.
Intracellular Signaling Mediators in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems
by Marc ThirietThe volumes in this authoritative series present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to phenomenological models of nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms when the vessel lumen caliber varies markedly. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning. Volume 4 is devoted to major sets of intracellular mediators that transmit signals upon stimulation of cell-surface receptors. Activation of signaling effectors triggers the release of substances stored in cellular organelles and/or gene transcription and protein synthesis. Complex stages of cell signaling can be studied using proper mathematical models, once the role of each component is carefully handled. Volume 4 also reviews various categories of cytosolic and/or nuclear mediators and illustrates some major signal transduction pathways, such as NFkappaB axis, oxygen sensing, and mechanotransduction.
Intracorporeal Robotics: From Milliscale to Nanoscale
by Michael Gauthier Nicolas Andreff Etienne DombreA promising long-term evolution of surgery relies on intracorporeal microrobotics. This book reviews the physical and methodological principles, and the scientific challenges to be tackled to design and control such robots. Three orders of magnitude will be considered, justified by the class of problems encountered and solutions implemented to manipulate objects and reach targets within the body: millimetric, sub-millimetric in the 10- 100 micrometer range, then in the 1-10 micrometer range. The most prominent devices and prototypes of the state of the art will be described to illustrate the benefit that can be expected for surgeons and patients. Future developments nanorobotics will also be discussed.
Intracranial EEG: A Guide for Cognitive Neuroscientists (Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics)
by Nikolai AxmacherThis book offers the first, comprehensive guide to planning and conducting intracranial EEG studies, and analyzing intracranial EEG data. The chapters address core questions in the field of intracranial EEG research. They are written by internationally recognized experts in the domain of intracranial EEG and acknowledge the heterogeneity of approaches in this field. The particular format of the book allows readers to find clear guidelines, hands-on expertise and invaluable background information for planning and conducting state-of-the-art intracranial EEG research projects. Besides offering a reference guide to newcomers in the field, it also provides scholarly information for the more experienced researcher and inspiration for the expert. The book covers a wide range of topics, with a special emphasis on aspects in which intracranial EEG data differ from other types of data in the cognitive neurosciences. It discusses typical patient characteristics and implantation schemes, ethical issues, and practical considerations for planning and running intracranial EEG experiments. It addresses signal characteristics and the physiological background of oscillatory and non-oscillatory aspects of intracranial EEG signals. It describes complex pre-processing steps such as advantages and disadvantages of different referencing schemes, and how to identify the location of electrodes. In addition, it answers specific questions on data processing, addressing core aspects of statistical analysis, and suggesting guidelines for data presentation. Further, it covers advanced topics such as causal interventions (i.e. deep brain stimulation), acquisition and analysis of single-unit data and multimodal recordings, and discusses important future challenges and opportunities in the field of intracranial EEG research.
Intrapreneurship Management: Concepts, Methods, and Software for Managing Technological Innovation in Organizations (IEEE Press Series on Technology Management, Innovation, and Leadership)
by Oliver Yu Rainer HasenauerDevelop and deploy industry-leading ideas with this groundbreaking management toolkit The universal modern image of an innovator is a technological entrepreneur, who conceives and develops their groundbreaking ideas outside an existing institution and only subsequently builds infrastructure around it. In reality, however, the bulk of technological innovation comes through Intrapreneurship: innovation that takes place inside an existing organization, taking advantage of the institutional support and economies of scale provided by continuing enterprises. Intrapreneurship Management is an approach that cultivates these internal innovations and the knowledge workers who produce them. Intrapreneurship Management: Concepts, Methods, and Software for Managing Technological Innovation in Organizations offers a guide to this approach, its challenges, and its rewards. Beginning with a simple yet flexible definition of innovation—an idea implemented with impact—it analyzes the processes and organizational tools by which novel ideas can be fostered, supported, and applied, producing industry-leading firms that maximize their internal talent. It also provides access and tools for using IntrapreneurshipREADINESSNavigator (IRN), a unique software already deployed successfully in over 150 innovation projects. Intrapreneurship Management readers will also find: Case studies of technological innovations within a range of organizations A look forward to future challenges facing innovative organizations in the 21st century Detailed treatment of subjects including innovation marketing, systematic creativity, and developing innovative organizational culture Intrapreneurship Management is ideal for intrapreneurs, their managers, and any professionals working in industries driven by technological innovation, as well as researchers and students of management.
Intrinsic Structures and Properties of Energetic Materials
by Jing Huang Chaoyang Zhang Rupeng BuThis book highlights the intrinsic structures of all kinds of energetic compounds and some structure–property relationships therein. Energetic materials are a class of energy materials that can transiently release a large amount of gases and heat by self-redox after stimulated and usually refer to explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics. Nowadays, in combination with various theories and simulation-aided material design technologies, many new kinds of energetic materials like energetic extended solids, energetic ionic salts, energetic metal organic frames, energetic co-crystals and energetic perovskites have been created, in addition to traditional energetic molecular crystals. It is somewhat dazzling, and an issue of how we can understand these new types of energetic materials is raised. In the past about 20 years, we were immersed in the computational energetic materials. By means of defining a concept of intrinsic structures of energetic materials, which refers to the crystal packing structure of energetic materials, as well as molecule for molecular solid specially, the microscopic structures have been mostly clarified, and related with many macroscopic properties and performances, with molecular simulations. This book presents our understanding about it. Thereby, a simply and new way to readily understand energetic materials is expected to be paved, based on this book. It contains energetic molecular crystals, energetic ionic crystals, energetic atomic crystals, energetic metallic crystals and energetic mixed-type crystals and the substructures closest to crystal packing. Meanwhile, the common intermolecular interactions in energetic crystals will be introduced. In addition, theoretical and simulation methods for treating the intrinsic structures will be briefed, as they are the main tools to reveal the molecules and crystals. Besides, the polymorphism as a level of intrinsic structures will be briefly discussed. In the final of this book, we introduce the crystal engineering of energetic materials. This book features the first proposal of intrinsic structure and crystal engineering of energetic materials and the understanding of the properties and performances of energetic materials by maintaining a concept that structure determines property. It helps to promote the rationality in creating new energetic materials, rather than increase experience.
Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems
by Marco Mirolli Gianluca BaldassarreIt has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations.The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.
Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems
by Marco Mirolli Gianluca BaldassarreIt has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem.This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations.The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.
Intrinsische Hybridverbunde für Leichtbautragstrukturen: Grundlagen der Fertigung, Charakterisierung und Auslegung
by Jürgen FleischerDer Einsatz von Leichtbautragstrukturen bietet heutzutage die Möglichkeit eine signifikante Gewichtsreduzierung zu realisieren. Bei der Gestaltung dieser Leichtbautragstrukturen müssen, je nach Anwendungsfall, eine Vielzahl von Anforderungen berücksichtigt werden. Die komplette Substitution eines Werkstoffes ist für die konsequente Nutzung des Leichtbaupotentials nicht immer zielführend. Eine optimale Gesamtstruktur besteht aus einer hybriden Werkstoffkombination, dem sogenannten Multi-Material-Design. Der Ansatz der Hybridisierung von Strukturkomponenten rückt somit immer stärker in den Vordergrund und kann grundsätzlich nach zwei unterschiedlichen Methoden erfolgen. Zum einen können zwei Bauteile aus Faserverbundkunststoff und Metall durch nachgeschaltete Fügeprozesse, wie beispielsweise Nieten, Schrauben oder Kleben, gefügt werden. Nachteil dieses Ansatzes ist neben dem Aufwand für den Fügeprozess die zusätzliche Masse, durch die das Leichtbaupotential nicht vollkommen ausgeschöpft werden kann. Zum anderen besteht die Möglichkeit der Herstellung des Hybridverbunds in einem einstufigen Prozess, wobei die Verbindung der verschiedenen Materialien im Ur- oder Umformprozess ohne einen nachfolgenden Fügeschritt erfolgt. Das entstehende Bauteil dieses einstufigen Prozesses wird als intrinsisches Hybrid bezeichnet. Aufgrund der intrinsischen Hybridisierung entstehen neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und produktionstechnische Vorteile, aber auch Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die Prüfung, Simulation und Herstellung. Im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms 1712 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft wurde hierzu auf den Fachgebieten Produktionstechnik, Mechanik und Werkstoffwissenschaften intensiv Forschungsarbeit geleistet.
Introducing CTS (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Iraj Sadegh Amiri Mahdi AriannejadThis book discusses the enhancement of efficiency in currently used solar cells. The authors have characterized different structures of the solar cell system to optimize system parameters, particularly the performance of the Copper-Tin-Sulphide solar cell using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). This research can help scientist to overcome the current limitations and build up new designs of the system with higher efficiency and greater functionality. The authors have investigated the corresponding samples from various viewpoints, including structural (crystallinity, composition and surface morphology), optical (UV–vis–near-IR transmittance/reflectance spectra) and electrical resistivity properties. Describes investigations on Cu2SnS3 solar cells and prospective low cost absorber layer of thin film solar cells;Discusses the potential device structure of Copper-Tin-Sulphide based on thin film technologies;Explains solar cell structure optimization to perform a higher conversion efficiency of Copper-Tin-Sulphide.
Introducing Design Automation for Quantum Computing
by Robert Wille Alwin ZulehnerThis book offers readers an easy introduction into quantum computing as well as into the design for corresponding devices. The authors cover several design tasks which are important for quantum computing and introduce corresponding solutions. A special feature of the book is that those tasks and solutions are explicitly discussed from a design automation perspective, i.e., utilizing clever algorithms and data structures which have been developed by the design automation community for conventional logic (i.e., for electronic devices and systems) and are now applied for this new technology. By this, relevant design tasks can be conducted in a much more efficient fashion than before – leading to improvements of several orders of magnitude (with respect to runtime and other design objectives).Describes the current state of the art for designing quantum circuits, for simulating them, and for mapping them to real hardware;Provides a first comprehensive introduction into design automation for quantum computing that tackles practically relevant tasks;Targets the quantum computing community as well as the design automation community, showing both perspectives to quantum computing, and what impressive improvements are possible when combining the knowledge of both communities.