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Investigation and Assessment Technology for Typical Groundwater-contaminated Sites and Application Cases
by Juan Li Yang Wang Xiang Li Beidou Xi Yan Ma Chenning Deng Yanna XiongThis book introduces readers to environmental background investigation, pollution source intensity evaluation and risk assessment approaches used at three main types of groundwater-contaminated sites: municipal domestic waste landfills, hazardous waste landfills and oil-contaminated sites. In addition, typical contaminated sites throughout China are examined to demonstrate how these approaches can be applied for their investigation, assessment and restoration. By reading this book, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the restoration and management of typical groundwater-contaminated sites.
Investigation in the Creep-Fatigue Coupled Effect of Rock Salt
by Chunhe Yang Tongtao Wang Jinyang Fan Zongze LiThis open access book provides the uniaxial, triaxial, fatigue, creep, creep-fatigue loading tests in order to investigate the salt mechanical response and the related damage mechanisms defining relation between plastic deformation, dilatancy and damage. Based on the experimental results, a new creep-fatigue constitutive model for salt rock that considers creep-fatigue interaction was established by incorporating a state variable that characterizes rock hardening level on the basis of the Norton creep model. Different salt rock mechanical test data sets with varying stress paths were used to validate this creep-fatigue constitutive model. The fit curves and test curves of the stress paths demonstrate good consistency, indicating that the model comprehensively considers the effects of time, load, and state on salt rock's creep-fatigue, effectively describing the creep-fatigue plastic deformation features of salt rock under different stress paths.
Investigation of Aeronautical and Engineering Component Failures
by A. Venugopal ReddyFailure analysis has grown enormously in it scope and utility in recent years. Developments in materials characterization techniques have made the job of a failure analyst easier and more precise, but it still requires not only a strong background in materials science and engineering, but also practical experience--or at least a strong understandin
Investigation on SiGe Selective Epitaxy for Source and Drain Engineering in 22 nm CMOS Technology Node and Beyond (Springer Theses)
by Guilei WangThis thesis presents the SiGe source and drain (S/D) technology in the context of advanced CMOS, and addresses both device processing and epitaxy modelling. As the CMOS technology roadmap calls for continuously downscaling traditional transistor structures, controlling the parasitic effects of transistors, e.g. short channel effect, parasitic resistances and capacitances is becoming increasingly difficult. The emergence of these problems sparked a technological revolution, where a transition from planar to three-dimensional (3D) transistor design occurred in the 22nm technology node. The selective epitaxial growth (SEG) method has been used to deposit SiGe as stressor material in S/D regions to induce uniaxial strain in the channel region. The thesis investigates issues of process integration in IC production and concentrates on the key parameters of high-quality SiGe selective epitaxial growth, with a special focus on its pattern dependency behavior and on key integration issues in both 2D and 3D transistor structures, the goal being to improve future applications of SiGe SEG in advanced CMOS.
Investigations in Computational Sarcasm (Cognitive Systems Monographs #37)
by Aditya Joshi Pushpak Bhattacharyya Mark J. CarmanThis book describes the authors’ investigations of computational sarcasm based on the notion of incongruity. In addition, it provides a holistic view of past work in computational sarcasm and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Sarcastic text is a peculiar form of sentiment expression and computational sarcasm refers to computational techniques that process sarcastic text. To first understand the phenomenon of sarcasm, three studies are conducted: (a) how is sarcasm annotation impacted when done by non-native annotators? (b) How is sarcasm annotation impacted when the task is to distinguish between sarcasm and irony? And (c) can targets of sarcasm be identified by humans and computers. Following these studies, the book proposes approaches for two research problems: sarcasm detection and sarcasm generation. To detect sarcasm, incongruity is captured in two ways: ‘intra-textual incongruity’ where the authors look at incongruity within the text to be classified (i.e., target text) and ‘context incongruity’ where the authors incorporate information outside the target text. These approaches use machine-learning techniques such as classifiers, topic models, sequence labelling, and word embeddings. These approaches operate at multiple levels: (a) sentiment incongruity (based on sentiment mixtures), (b) semantic incongruity (based on word embedding distance), (c) language model incongruity (based on unexpected language model), (d) author’s historical context (based on past text by the author), and (e) conversational context (based on cues from the conversation). In the second part of the book, the authors present the first known technique for sarcasm generation, which uses a template-based approach to generate a sarcastic response to user input. This book will prove to be a valuable resource for researchers working on sentiment analysis, especially as applied to automation in social media.
Investigations into the Combustion Kinetics of Several Novel Oxygenated Fuels (Springer Theses)
by Wenyu SunIn this thesis, attention was paid to several novel oxygenated fuels—carbonates, polyethers and ketones. Combustion kinetic investigations were performed for typical representative compounds, including dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, cyclopentanone, 3-pentanone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and dimethoxymethane. For experiments, suitable diagnostic techniques were used to measure the detailed speciation information of the target fuels under different conditions. For kinetic modeling, rate coefficients for crucial elementary reactions were obtained through high-level theoretical calculations. Based on that, validated kinetic models with good predictive performances were developed. On the basis of experimental measurements and model interpretations, this work highlighted two important combustion characteristics regarding the practical use: the pollutant formation and the ignition performance. Besides, the correlation between oxygen-containing functional groups and the aforementioned combustion characteristics was revealed. To reveal the potential interactions between the reaction networks of oxygenated additives and the hydrocarbon base fuels during combustion. Chemical structures of laminar premixed flames fueled by binary fuels were measured, and by changing the initial fuel compositions, the addition effects of the oxygenates on the fuel consumption and pollutant formation behaviors were explored. It was found that complicated chemical interactions do not exist in the reaction networks under the investigated conditions.
Investing In Nanotechnology: Think Small. Win Big
by Jack UldrichA Simon & Schuster eBook. Simon & Schuster has a great book for every reader.
Investing on Low-Carbon Energy Systems
by Venkatachalam Anbumozhi Kaliappa Kalirajan Fukunari Kimura Xianbin YaoThis book focuses on multi-level actions that have attracted considerable interest and discussion within academia, decision makers and the public as a tool to assess anthropogenic effects of low-carbon energy development. The book begins with an overview of the state of the art policies in emerging economies, which provides a starting point for understanding the concept of low-carbon green growth. A unified framework for structuring, categorizing, and integrating various regional-level actions is established on the basis of a thorough investigation into the theoretical and methodological aspects of non-conventional energy policies that have been widely adopted. Furthermore, the book brings clarity to the relationship between clean energy policies and stakeholder participation, and the significance of coordinated actions at the regional level. The findings provide novel insights and policy tools to help decision-makers in identifying ways to mobilize private investment in low-carbon energy systems.
Investition und Finanzierung im Bauunternehmen: Grundlagen und Anwendung mit Lernvideos (erfolgreich studieren)
by Stefanie Friedrichsen Steffen AhtingDieses Lehrbuch vermittelt Studierenden des Bauwesens volks- und betriebswirtschaftliche Zusammenhänge sowie die Grundlagen der Finanzierung, Investitions- und Liquiditätsplanung im Bauunternehmen.Ein durchgängiges begleitendes Fallbeispiel aus der Baubranche veranschaulicht in Form von 39 Lernvideos und Erklärvideos den Lehrstoff und erläutert typische Problemstellungen in Bauunternehmen.Das Lehrbuch ist in der Springer Vieweg Reihe "erfolgreich studieren" erschienen
Investitions- und Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung für Ingenieure (essentials)
by Ekbert HeringFür Investitionen bestehen häufig mehrere Alternativen. Um die richtige auszuwählen, werden die einzelnen Alternativen mit statischen Verfahren (ohne Zinsrechnung) nach ihren Kosten, ihren möglichen Gewinnen und ihrer Rentabilität untersucht. In den dynamischen Verfahren werden die Alternativen nach ihren Kapitalströmen (Kapitalzuflüsse und -abflüsse) mit einer Zinseszinsrechnung bewertet.
Investitionsrechnung: Eine Einführung für Architekten und Bauingenieure
by Dirk NoostenDieses Fachbuch führt Baupraktiker in die Thematik der Investitionsrechnung ein und berücksichtigt dabei besonders Fragestellungen aus der Bau- und Immobilienbranche. Die Investitionsrechnung spielt auch für Bauingenieure, Architekten, Wirtschaftsingenieure mit Schwerpunkt Bauwesen und für Immobilienwirte eine wichtige Rolle. Sie findet ihren Niederschlag in zahlreichen Themengebieten wie z. B. der Immobilienfinanzierung, Lebenszyklusberechnung, Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung, Immobilienbewertung und dynamischen Kostenvergleichsrechnung.
Investitionsstrategien für Mittelspannungskabel: Zuverlässigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Investitionen und Netzautomatisierung (essentials)
by Torsten WerthTorsten Werth zeigt auf, welche Auswirkungen der Zeitpunkt einer Erneuerungsinvestition auf die Zuverlässigkeit eines Energieverteilnetzes hat oder welche Annahmen Netzplaner hinsichtlich des Alterungsverhaltens der elektrischen Betriebsmittel treffen können. Dies sind nur zwei von vielen typischen, immer wiederkehrenden Aspekten bei der Suche nach der optimalen Erneuerungsstrategie. Unter dem größer werdenden Einfluss der Regulierung entsteht ein besonderer Bedarf an einem interdisziplinären Systemdenken. Gleichzeitig müssen Vorgehensweisen zur Strategiefindung geschaffen werden, die in der täglichen Praxis den Anspruch an einer präzisen Aussagekraft bei gleichzeitig vertretbarem Aufwand geschaffen werden.
Investment Casting
by Philip R. Beeley Robert F. SmartThis modern book on investment casting fills a substantial gap in the literature of metal founding. The investment casting sector of the foundry industry has seen rapid growth; despite this the literature devoted specially to investment casting and its products has remained relatively sparse. Investment Casting has been produced by drawing upon the knowledge of authorities within or closely associated with the industry, in co-operation with the British Investment Casting Trade Association, examining the process and its products in a way which is useful both to the industry and to design engineers. To this end the earlier chapters are devoted to each of the main production stages from tooling to finishing, with health and safety treated separately, commensurate with its current importance.
Investment Decisions and the Logic of Valuation: Linking Finance, Accounting, and Engineering
by Carlo Alberto MagniThis book presents a new approach to the valuation of capital asset investments and investment decision-making. Starting from simple premises and working logically through three basic elements (capital, income, and cash flow), it guides readers on an interdisciplinary journey through the subtleties of accounting and finance, explaining how to correctly measure a project’s economic profitability and efficiency, how to assess the impact of investment policy and financing policy on shareholder value creation, and how to design reliable, transparent, and logically consistent financial models.The book adopts an innovative pedagogical approach, based on a newly developed accounting-and-finance-engineering system, to help readers gain a deeper understanding of the accounting and financial magnitudes, learn about new analytical tools, and develop the necessary skills to practically implement them. This diverse approach to capital budgeting allows a sophisticated economic analysis in both absolute terms (values) and relative terms (rates of return), and is applicable to a wide range of economic entities, including real assets and financial assets, engineering designs and manufacturing schemes, corporate-financed and project-financed transactions, privately-owned projects and public investments, individual projects and firms. As such, this book is a valuable resource for a broad audience, including scholars and researchers, industry practitioners, executives, and managers, as well as students of corporate finance, managerial finance, engineering economics, financial management, management accounting, operations research, and financial mathematics. It features more than 180 guided examples, 50 charts and figures and over 160 explanatory tables that help readers grasp the new concepts and tools. Each chapter starts with an abstract and a list of the skills readers can expect to gain, and concludes with a list of key points summarizing the content.
Investment Property Valuation Today
by Tim HavardFirst Published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Investment, Procurement and Performance in Construction: The First National RICS Research Conference
by P.S. Brandon T. Mole P. Venmore-RowlandThe proceedings of a major conference on the built environment ran by the RICS to examine recent research and development in: investment; building procurement and construction; and building performance analysis.
Invisibility: The History and Science of How Not to Be Seen
by Gregory J. GburA lively exploration of how invisibility has gone from science fiction to fact Is it possible for something or someone to be made invisible? This question, which has intrigued authors of science fiction for over a century, has become a headline-grabbing topic of scientific research. In this book, science writer and optical physicist Gregory J. Gbur traces the science of invisibility from its sci-fi origins in the nineteenth-century writings of authors such as H. G. Wells and Fitz James O&’Brien to modern stealth technology, invisibility cloaks, and metamaterials. He explores the history of invisibility and its science and technology connections, including the discovery of the electromagnetic spectrum, the development of the atomic model, and quantum theory. He shows how invisibility has moved from fiction to reality, and he questions the hidden paths that lie ahead for researchers. This is not only the story of invisibility but also the story of humankind&’s understanding of the nature of light itself, and of the many fascinating figures whose discoveries advanced this knowledge.
Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana (Acting with Technology)
by Jenna BurrellAn account of how young people in Ghana's capital city adopt and adapt digital technology in the margins of the global economy.The urban youth frequenting the Internet cafés of Accra, Ghana, who are decidedly not members of their country's elite, use the Internet largely as a way to orchestrate encounters across distance and amass foreign ties—activities once limited to the wealthy, university-educated classes. The Internet, accessed on second-hand computers (castoffs from the United States and Europe), has become for these youths a means of enacting a more cosmopolitan self. In Invisible Users, Jenna Burrell offers a richly observed account of how these Internet enthusiasts have adopted, and adapted to their own priorities, a technological system that was not designed with them in mind.Burrell describes the material space of the urban Internet café and the virtual space of push and pull between young Ghanaians and the foreigners they encounter online; the region's famous 419 scam strategies and the rumors of “big gains” that fuel them; the influential role of churches and theories about how the supernatural operates through the network; and development rhetoric about digital technologies and the future viability of African Internet cafés in the region.Burrell, integrating concepts from science and technology studies and African studies with empirical findings from her own field work in Ghana, captures the interpretive flexibility of technology by users in the margins but also highlights how their invisibility puts limits on their full inclusion into a global network society.
Invisible: The Dangerous Allure of the Unseen
by Philip Ball“A very fun, largely chronological journey through invisibility, beginning with myth and early magicians, ending with quantum physics.” —The New YorkerIn this lively look at a timeless idea, Ball provides the first comprehensive history of our fascination with the unseen. This sweeping narrative moves from medieval spell books to the latest nanotechnology, from fairy tales to telecommunications, from camouflage to ghosts to the dawn of nuclear physics and the discovery of dark energy. Along the way, Invisible tells little-known stories about medieval priests who blamed their misdeeds on spirits; the Cock Lane ghost, which intrigued both Samuel Johnson and Charles Dickens; the attempts by Victorian scientist William Crookes to detect forces using tiny windmills; novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s belief that he was unseen when in his dressing gown; and military efforts to enlist magicians to hide tanks and ships during WWII. Bringing in such voices as Plato and Shakespeare, Ball provides not only a scientific history but a cultural one—showing how our simultaneous desire for and suspicion of the invisible has fueled invention and the imagination for centuries.In this unusual and clever book, Ball shows that our fantasies about being unseen—and seeing the unseen—reveal surprising truths about who we are.“Full of insights drawn from a broad survey of history, literature and philosophy; wherever the invisible is being contemplated, Ball is there to select the juiciest anecdotes . . . [He] is a lucid, witty and highly entertaining guide.” —The Globe and Mail“A tour-de-force history capped off with an animated discussion of H.G. Wells’s novel The Invisible Man.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review)
Invitation to Invent: A Physical Science Unit for High-Ability Learners (Grades 3-4)
by Clg Of William And Mary/Ctr Gift EdInvitation to Invent, a physical science unit for grades 3-4, engages students in investigations and observations that support their learning about simple machines and their uses. Students explore force, motion, and friction as they learn about the six simple machines and how they are put together to form compound machines.Invitation to Invent was developed by the Center for Gifted Education at The College of William and Mary to offer advanced curriculum supported by years of research. The Center's materials have received national recognition from the United States Department of Education and the National Association for Gifted Children, and they are widely used both nationally and internationally.Each of the books in this series offers curriculum that focuses on advanced content and higher level processes. The science units contain simulations of real-world problems, and students experience the work of real science by using data-handling skills, analyzing information, and evaluating results. The mathematics units provide sophisticated ideas and concepts, challenging extensions, higher order thinking skills, and opportunities for student exploration based on interest. These materials are a must for any teacher seeking to challenge and engage learners and increase achievement.Grades 3-4
Invitation to Peace Studies, 1st Edition
by Houston WoodInvitation to Peace Studies - This is the first textbook in the field to emphasize 21st-century research and controversies and to encourage the more frequent use of a gender perspective in analyzing peace, war, and violence. Recent empirical research forms the core of most chapters, but substantial attention is also given to faith-based ideas, movements, and peace pioneers. The book examines compelling contemporary topics like cyber warfare, drones, robots, digital activism, hactivism, the physiology of peace, rising rates of suicide, and peace through health. It is also unique in its use of a single coherent perspective--that of a global peace network--to make sense of the historically unprecedented and interconnected web of diverse ideas, individuals, groups, organizations, and movements currently promoting peace worldwide.
Inviting Disaster: Lessons From the Edge of Technology: An Inside Look at Catastrophes and Why They Happen
by James R. ChilesThis “very absorbing look at technological catastrophes and why they happen”explores systemic breakdowns behind disasters from Chernobyl to the Challenger(Booklist).Inviting Disaster delves into over fifty of history’s worst catastrophes in order to show how increasingly “smart” systems leave us wide open to human tragedy. Weaving a dramatic narrative that explains how breakdowns in these systems result in such disasters as the chain reaction crash of the Air France Concorde and the Bhopal chemical accident that killed thousands. James Chiles vividly demonstrates how the battle between human and machine may be escalating beyond manageable limits—and why we all have a stake in its outcome.Included in this edition is a special introduction providing a behind-the-scenes look at the World Trade Center catastrophe. Combining firsthand accounts of employees’ escapes with an in-depth look at the structural reasons behind the towers’ collapse, Chiles addresses the question: Were the towers “two tall heroes” or structures with a fatal flaw?“Vivid and dramatic stories.” —Harvard Business Review“This is not a Luddite’s call for a return to the days before complicated technology but a careful examination of various disasters . . . and how they might have been prevented.” —Library Journal“A chillingly fascinating book that educates and informs in a highly readable style.” —Dallas Morning News
IoC - Internet of Construction: Informationsnetzwerke zur unternehmensübergreifenden Kollaboration in den Fertigungsketten des Bauwesens
by Sigrid Brell-Cokcan Robert H. SchmittDas Buch Internet of Construction behandelt die digitale Vernetzung der Wertschöpfungsketten im Bauwesen. Seit mehreren Jahren nehmen die Entwicklungen digitaler Planungs- und Ausführungswerkzeuge zu. Ein einheitlicher Nutzen der Daten wird dabei durch eine Vielzahl an Baubeteiligten und digitalen Plattformen erschwert. Dieses Buch adressiert diese Problemstellung und behandelt Strategien zur Vernetzung der digitale Bauausführung und umfasst Produktionsabläufe von der Vorfertigung über die Intralogistik bis hin zur Montage auf der Baustelle. In diesem Kontext werden die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse des vom BMBF geförderten Projekts IoC-Interent of Construction zusammengetragen und wissenschaftlich aufbereitet. Darüber hinaus werden baupraktische, informationstechnische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte beleuchtet und Entwicklungen und Handlungsempfehlungen für Planungsbüros, Generalunternehmer und Vorfertiger vermittelt.
IoT Applications for Healthcare Systems (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
by Latif Ladid Falgun Thakkar Rahul K. Kher Chirag Paunwala Heena Kher Mita Paunwala Prasan Kumar SahooThis book discusses communications technologies used in the field of healthcare, including IoT, soft computing, machine learning, big data, augmented reality, and wearable sensors. The book presents various applications that are helpful for research scholars and scientists who are working toward identifying and pinpointing the potential of this technology. The book also helps researchers and practitioners to understand and analyze the e-healthcare architecture through IoT and the state-of-the-art in IoT countermeasures with real-time challenges. Topics of interest include healthcare systems based on advanced development boards, mobile health parameters recording and monitoring systems, remote health / patient monitoring, hospital operations management, abnormality / disease detection by IoT devices, and efficient drug management. The book is relevant to a range of researchers, academics, and practitioners working on the intersection of IoT and healthcare.
IoT Applications in Geotechnical Engineering
by Parveen Berwal Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal Kuldeep Singh Kaswan Rajesh GoyalThis book offers a comprehensive overview of how the Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping the management of soil, geotechnical engineering, and environmental observations.It explores extensive bibliographic research, examples, and case studies to provide nuanced information on improving the soil, evaluating its structural health, and forecasting geological disasters using IoT. Furthermore, it equips the reader with the necessary tools to apply IoT solutions to farming processes and increase the effectiveness of construction. By delving into the new developments within IoT sensors, geotechnical monitoring, and data analysis, the authors provide practical approaches to measuring soil humidity, assessing geological characteristics, and obtaining data through automation. It concludes with a call to pave the way for wide-scale adoption of IoT for environmental supervision, construction activity, and precision farming.This is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, engineers, and students of IoT-based soil management, geotechnical engineering, agriculture, construction, and environmental science.