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Large A.C. Machines
by Masashi Hayakawa Iliya Boguslawsky Nikolay KorovkinIn this monograph the authors solve the modern scientific problems connected with A. C. motors and generators, based first on the detailed consideration of their physical phenomena. The authors describe the theory and investigative methods they developed and applied in practice, which are considered to be of essential interest for specialists in the field of the electrical engineering industry in European countries, the USA, Argentina, and Brazil, as well as in such countries as India, China, and Iran. This book will be of interest to engineers specialized in the field of the manufacture, operation, and repair of A. C. machines (motors and generators) as well as electric drives; to professors, lecturers, and post-graduate students of technical universities, who are specializing in the field of electric machine engineering and electric drives; and to students who are engaged in the field of high current techniques, electric drives, and electric machine engineering.
Large Area and Flexible Electronics
by Yong-Young Noh Mario CaironiFrom materials to applications, this ready reference covers the entire value chain from fundamentals via processing right up to devices, presenting different approaches to large-area electronics, thus enabling readers to compare materials, properties and performance.Divided into two parts, the first focuses on the materials used for the electronic functionality, covering organic and inorganic semiconductors, including vacuum and solution-processed metal-oxide semiconductors, nanomembranes and nanocrystals, as well as conductors and insulators. The second part reviews the devices and applications of large-area electronics, including flexible and ultra-high-resolution displays, light-emitting transistors, organic and inorganic photovoltaics, large-area imagers and sensors, non-volatile memories and radio-frequency identification tags.With its academic and industrial viewpoints, this volume provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers while also serving as a first-stop resource for those entering the field.
Large Camel Farming: A Care-Management Guide from Breeding to Camel Products
by Bernard Faye Gaukhar Konuspayeva Cécile MagnanThis practical guide is intended for all actors in the sector who work with large camelids, whether in breeding, technical advice or veterinary care. It successively describes the general aspects of the species, the physiological bases of reproduction, lactation and feeding, the main production processes, and health and hygiene management in camel breeding. Chapters on slaughter, important camel products and their processing complete the volume.Large camels (camels and Bactrian camels) are domestic animals that are increasingly used in Western countries, as well as in Africa and Asia, for tourism, sport, and production of milk, meat, and wool. In addition, camel husbandry systems are changing, taking a greater share of sedentary systems, specializing in breeding, and intensifying production. At the same time, many veterinarians and breeders are not familiar with the animal, its needs, physiology, diseases, and management, which is often based on practices introduced for cattle and proving ineffective.This work is a practical aid for all interested readers who want to embark on the adventure of working with large camelids in a cultural context where they are not yet a dominant element of the agricultural landscape. The numerous photographs and drawings that support the text make it a unique and entertaining read.
Large Dams in Asia
by Marcus NüsserThis book explores the multi-dimensional asymmetries of scale, time, and directions in the large dam controversy with a regional focus on Asia, especially on India and China. Whereas the concept of large-scale transformation of fluvial environments into technological hydroscapes originated in the West, widespread construction of large dams started in the countries of the Global South in the period after decolonisation. Construction and operation of large dams are amongst the most prestigious but also most sensitive development issues, often accompanied by massive resistance of adversely affected people and civil society organisations. Based on the notion of a contested politicised environment, various case studies are analysed to identify the dominant narratives and imaginations that shape the large dams debate. This volume largely contains contributions related to several subprojects from within the Cluster of Excellence 'Asia and Europe in a Global Context: Shifting Asymmetries in Cultural Flows', based at Heidelberg University, with several expert contributions from external researchers.
Large Dams: Dealing With The Social, Environmental And Political Costs (Water Resources Development and Management)
by Thayer ScudderThis book highlights the first comparative long-term analysis of the negative impacts of large dams on riverine communities and on free-flowing rivers in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Following the Foreword by Professor Asit K. Biswas, the first section covers the 1956–1973 period, when the author believed that large dams provided an exceptional opportunity for integrated river basin development. In turn, the second section (1976–1997) reflects the author’s increasing concerns about the magnitude of the socio-economic and environmental costs of large dams, while the third (1998–2018) discusses why large dams are in fact not cost-effective in the long term.
Large Deployable Satellite Antennas: Design Theory, Methods and Applications (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Baoyan Duan Yiqun Zhang Jingli DuThis book discusses the innovative design, cable-net design and analysis, control, deployment, development and applications of large space-deployable antennas. Drawing on the authors’ own work in this field, it describes and analyzes various typical deployable antennas, membrane antennas and super-large space-assembled antennas, while chiefly focusing on mesh antennas due to their wide range of applications. It also investigates forming–finding design and the analysis of cable-truss structures for high-precision reflector antennas, as well as deployment process control and deployment reliability based on flexible multibody dynamic analysis. The book covers not only mechanical structure performance, but also electromagnetic performance realization and stability. Lastly, it proposes an electrical equivalent method for mesh reflector antennas and a coupling model for the structural displacement field and electrostatic field. Given the nature of its content, the book is intended for researchers, graduate students and engineers in the field of space antennas.
Large Energy Storage Systems Handbook (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Series)
by Frank S. Barnes Jonah G. LevineIn the current push to convert to renewable sources of energy, many issues raised years ago on the economics and the difficulties of siting energy storage are once again being raised today. When large amounts of wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources are added to existing electrical grids, efficient and manageable energy storage becomes a
Large Energy-Saving Wound Core Traction Transformer: Theoretical Modeling and Manufacturing Process
by Shibin Gao Lijun Zhou Chenqingyu ZhangThis book delves into the innovative realm of wound core transformers designed for high-voltage power grids, moving beyond the traditional laminated core structures prone to magnetic flux leakage and energy dissipation. Through a novel enclosed wound core design that eliminates joints and corners, it presents a transformative approach that minimizes leakage and enhances the electromagnetic performance of transformers. This book not only addresses the technical challenges and solutions in transformer design but also marks a significant step forward in the pursuit of energy efficiency and performance optimization in electrical power systems. Targeting a specialized audience of professors, scholars, and graduate students engaged in transformer energy-saving optimization and related research fields, it offers an in-depth exploration of the complete loss calculation, innovative manufacturing processes, and testing technologies of large-scale wound core transformers.
Large Floating Structures
by C. M. Wang B. T. WangThis book surveys key projects that have seen the construction of large floating structures or have attained detailed conceptual designs. This compilation of key floating structures in a single volume captures the innovative features that mark the technological advances made in this field of engineering and will provide a useful reference for ideas, analysis, design and construction of these unique and emerging urban projects to offshore and marine engineers, urban planners, architects and students.
Large Language Models: Concepts, Techniques and Applications
by John Atkinson-AbutridyThis book serves as an introduction to the science and applications of Large Language Models (LLMs). You'll discover the common thread that drives some of the most revolutionary recent applications of artificial intelligence (AI): from conversational systems like ChatGPT or BARD, to machine translation, summary generation, question answering, and much more.At the heart of these innovative applications is a powerful and rapidly evolving discipline, natural language processing (NLP). For more than 60 years, research in this science has been focused on enabling machines to efficiently understand and generate human language. The secrets behind these technological advances lie in LLMs, whose power lies in their ability to capture complex patterns and learn contextual representations of language. How do these LLMs work? What are the available models and how are they evaluated? This book will help you answer these and many other questions. With a technical but accessible introduction: You will explore the fascinating world of LLMs, from its foundations to its most powerful applications You will learn how to build your own simple applications with some of the LLMs Designed to guide you step by step, with six chapters combining theory and practice, along with exercises in Python on the Colab platform, you will master the secrets of LLMs and their application in NLP.From deep neural networks and attention mechanisms, to the most relevant LLMs such as BERT, GPT-4, LLaMA, Palm-2 and Falcon, this book guides you through the most important achievements in NLP. Not only will you learn the benchmarks used to evaluate the capabilities of these models, but you will also gain the skill to create your own NLP applications. It will be of great value to professionals, researchers and students within AI, data science and beyond.
Large MIMO Systems
by A. ChockalingamLarge MIMO systems, with tens to hundreds of antennas, are a promising emerging communication technology. This book provides a unique overview of this technology, covering the opportunities, engineering challenges, solutions, and state-of-the-art of large MIMO test beds. There is in-depth coverage of algorithms for large MIMO signal processing, based on meta-heuristics, belief propagation and Monte Carlo sampling techniques, and suited for large MIMO signal detection, precoding, and LDPC code designs. The book also covers the training requirement and channel estimation approaches in large-scale point-to-point and multi-user MIMO systems; spatial modulation is also included. Issues like pilot contamination and base station cooperation in multi-cell operation are addressed. A detailed exposition of MIMO channel models, large MIMO channel sounding measurements in the past and present, and large MIMO test beds is also presented. An ideal resource for academic researchers, next generation wireless system designers and developers, and practitioners in wireless communications.
Large Outdoor Fire Dynamics
by Keisuke HimotoLarge Outdoor Fire Dynamics provides the essential knowledge for the hazard evaluation of large outdoor fires, including wildland, WUI (wildland-urban interface), and urban fires. The spread of outdoor fires can be viewed as a successive occurrence of physical and chemical processes – solid fuel combustion, heat transfer to surrounding combustibles, and ignition of heated combustibles – which are explained herein. Engineering equations frequently used in practical hazard analyses are derived and then integrated to implement a computational code predicting fire spread among discretely distributed combustibles. This code facilitates learning the procedure of hazard evaluation for large outdoor fires. Chapters cover underlying assumptions for analyzing fire spread behavior in large outdoor fires, namely, wind conditions near the ground surface and fundamentals of heat transfer; the physical mechanism of fire spread in and between combustibles, specifically focusing on fire plumes (both reacting and non-reacting) and firebrand dispersal; and the spatial modeling of 3D objects and developing the computational framework for predicting fire spread. The book is ideal for engineers, researchers, and graduate students in fire safety as well as mechanical engineering, civil engineering, disaster management, safety engineering, and planning. Companion source codes are available online.
Large Plastic Deformations: Proceedings of the international seminar MECAMAT'91, Fontainebleau, France, 7-9 August 1991
by C.TEODOSIU; J.L.RAPHANEL; F.SIDOROFFThis volume covers topics involving large plastic deformation of metallic materials. These proceedings offer an overview of the synergism achieved by combining microstructural characterization and understanding, mechanical modelling and experiments, numerical analysis and computation.
Large Scale Networks: Modeling and Simulation
by Radu Dobrescu Florin IonescuThis book offers a rigorous analysis of the achievements in the field of traffic control in large networks, oriented on two main aspects: the self-similarity in traffic behaviour and the scale-free characteristic of a complex network. Additionally, the authors propose a new insight in understanding the inner nature of things, and the cause-and-effect based on the identification of relationships and behaviours within a model, which is based on the study of the influence of the topological characteristics of a network upon the traffic behaviour. The effects of this influence are then discussed in order to find new solutions for traffic monitoring and diagnosis and also for traffic anomalies prediction. Although these concepts are illustrated using highly accurate, highly aggregated packet traces collected on backbone Internet links, the results of the analysis can be applied for any complex network whose traffic processes exhibit asymptotic self-similarity, perceived as an adaptability of traffic in networks. However, the problem with self-similar models is that they are computationally complex. Their fitting procedure is very time-consuming, while their parameters cannot be estimated based on the on-line measurements. In this aim, the main objective of this book is to discuss the problem of traffic prediction in the presence of self-similarity and particularly to offer a possibility to forecast future traffic variations and to predict network performance as precisely as possible, based on the measured traffic history.
Large Scale Optimization in Supply Chains and Smart Manufacturing: Theory and Applications (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #149)
by Jesús M. Velásquez-Bermúdez Marzieh Khakifirooz Mahdi FathiIn this book, theory of large scale optimization is introduced with case studies of real-world problems and applications of structured mathematical modeling. The large scale optimization methods are represented by various theories such as Benders’ decomposition, logic-based Benders’ decomposition, Lagrangian relaxation, Dantzig –Wolfe decomposition, multi-tree decomposition, Van Roy’ cross decomposition and parallel decomposition for mathematical programs such as mixed integer nonlinear programming and stochastic programming. Case studies of large scale optimization in supply chain management, smart manufacturing, and Industry 4.0 are investigated with efficient implementation for real-time solutions. The features of case studies cover a wide range of fields including the Internet of things, advanced transportation systems, energy management, supply chain networks, service systems, operations management, risk management, and financial and sales management. Instructors, graduate students, researchers, and practitioners, would benefit from this book finding the applicability of large scale optimization in asynchronous parallel optimization, real-time distributed network, and optimizing the knowledge-based expert system for convex and non-convex problems.
Large Scale Renewable Power Generation
by Jahangir Hossain Apel MahmudThis book focuses on the issues of integrating large-scale renewable power generation into existing grids. The issues covered in this book include different types of renewable power generation along with their transmission and distribution, storage and protection. It also contains the development of medium voltage converters for step-up-transformer-less direct grid integration of renewable generation units, grid codes and resiliency analysis for large-scale renewable power generation, active power and frequency control and HVDC transmission. The emerging SMES technology for controlling and integrating large-scale renewable power systems is also discussed. Since the protection issues with large-scale distributed renewable power systems are different compared to the existing protection system for one way power flow, this book includes a new protection technique for renewable generators along with the inclusion of current status of smart grid. This book is a good reference for the researchers who are working the area of renewable power generation and smart grids.
Large Space Structures Formed by Centrifugal Forces
by V A Koshelev V M MelnikovThis book describes a feasible means of constructing such a reflector, as well as simple, reliable and low-cost structures for television and radio transmissions, debris removal from space and the development of solar sails for interplanetary missions. The aim of this book is thus to provide a comprehensive overview of the research in the technology of such space based structures expanded by centrifugal forces. The most promising concepts and design solutions for different applications are addressed. Particular emphasis is placed on deployment dynamics of space-based structures and their retrieval techniques: the reorientation of expanded film sheets in space, selecting film folding patterns, tethering systems, and deployment mechanisms, and controlling the deployment-retrieval process by space vehicles. Also featured are sections on ground and orbital simulation.
Large Turbo-Generators: Malfunctions and Symptoms (Ieee Press Series On Power Engineering Ser. #38)
by Isidor Kerszenbaum Geoff KlempnerThis book presents a comprehensive, ordered relationship between malfunctions and symptoms occurring in large turbogenerators. With this book, the operator and/or engineer in a generating station could identify underlying causes of a developing component degradation or a failure quicker, which could potentially save both time and money and reduce the trial-and-error troubleshooting process. Large turbogenerators are the most important source of electricity. They can be found in thousands of power stations in every country. Forced outages, failures and degradation of these very expensive machines have an enormous aggregate cost to society. As such, any tool that can ameliorate loss of production by shaving time from troubleshooting activities, and avoiding unnecessary costs by detecting and promptly responding to component degradation, represents a step forward.
Large and Middle-scale Aperture Aspheric Surfaces: Lapping, Polishing and Measurement
by Shengyi Li Yifan DaiA complete all-in-one reference to aspheric fabrication and testing for optical applications This book provides a detailed introduction to the manufacturing and measurement technologies in aspheric fabrication. For each technology, both basic theory and practical applications are introduced. The book consists of two parts. In the first part, the basic principles of manufacturing technology for aspheric surfaces and key theory for deterministic subaperture polishing of aspheric surfaces are discussed. Then key techniques for high precision figuring such as CCOS with small polishing pad, IBF and MRF, are introduced, including the basic principles, theories and applications, mathematical modeling methods, machine design and process parameter selection. It also includes engineering practices and experimental results, based on the three kinds of polishing tools (CCOS, IBF and MRF) developed by the author’s research team. In the second part, basic principles of measurement and some typical examples for large and middle-scale aspheric surfaces are discussed. Then, according to the demands of low cost, high accuracy and in-situ measurement methods in the manufacturing process, three kinds of technologies are introduced, such as the Cartesian and swing-arm polar coordinate profilometer, the sub-aperture stitching interferometer and the phase retrieval method based on diffraction principle. Some key techniques are also discussed, including the basic principles, mathematical modeling methods, machine design and process parameter selection, as well as engineering practices and experimental results. Finally, the team’s research results about subsurface quality measurement and guarantee methods are also described. This book can be used as a reference for scientists and technologists working in optical manufacturing, ultra-precision machining, precision instruments and measurement, and other precision engineering fields. A complete all-in-one reference to aspheric fabrication and testing for optical applications Presents the latest research findings from the author’s internationally recognized leading team who are at the cutting edge of the technology Brings together surface processing and measurement in one complete volume, discussing problems and solutions Guides the reader from an introductory overview through to more advanced and sophisticated techniques of metrology and manufacturing, suitable for the student and the industry professional
Large-Eddy Simulation Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method for Built Environment Problems
by Mengtao Han Ryozo OokaThis book details the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) applied to the built environment problems. It provides the fundamental theoretical knowledge and specific implementation methods of LBM from the engineering perspective of the built environment. It covers comprehensive issues of built environment with three detailed cases, solving practical problems. It can be used as a reference book for teachers, students, and engineering technicians to study LBM and conduct architecture and urban wind environments simulations, in the fields of architecture, building technology science, urban planning, HVAC, built environment engineering, and civil engineering.
Large-Eddy Simulation in Hydraulics
by George Constantinescu Wolfgang Rodi Thorsten StoesserAn introduction to the Large-Eddy-Simulation (LES) method, geared primarily toward hydraulic and environmental engineers, the book covers special features of flows in water bodies and summarizes the experience gained with LES for calculating such flows. It can also be a valuable entry to the subject of LES for researchers and students in all fields of fluids engineering, and the applications part will be useful to researchers interested in the physics of flows governed by the dynamics of coherent structures.
Large-Scale Construction Project Management: Understanding Legal and Contract Requirements
by Yan TanA majority of large-scale construction and major infrastructure projects are funded by public funds from taxpayers. However, these projects are often subject to severe delays and cost overruns. Large-Scale Construction Project Management: Understanding Legal and Contract Requirements introduces integrated approaches to project management and control mechanisms to effectively manage large-scale construction projects. It explains the contractual requirements and associated legal principles under the latest edition of the leading standard forms of contracts, including FIDIC 2017, NEC4, and JCT 2016. It explains integrated project governance regarding time, cost, risk, change, contract management, and more. Further, it discusses the legal issues of scheduling delays and disruptions regarding the Delay and Disruption Protocol (Society of Construction Law) as well as Forensic Schedule Analysis guidance (American Association of Cost Engineering). Features: Provides strategies to effectively resolve disputes during construction projects Examines Quantitative Schedule Risk Analysis (QSRA) and Quantitative Cost Risk Analysis (QCRA) Introduces the most recent software and techniques used in managing large-scale construction projects This book serves as a useful resource for project control and management professionals, researchers in construction management and project management, and students in building construction management and project management.
Large-Scale Geologic Structures
by Jacques Debelmas Georges MascleThis text is a translation of "Les Grandes Structures Geologiques", Paris 1997. It is devoted to the study of major geological features such as oceanic ridges, continental margins, sedimentary basins and mountain chains.
Large-Scale Grid-Connected Wind and Photovoltaic Farms: Modeling, Stability and Control (Smart Energy Systems)
by Hongyu Zhou Wei Yao Yongxin Xiong Jinyu WenThis book provides a comprehensive study of the modeling, analysis, and control of wind farms and solar power stations. It starts with dynamic vector modeling methods for wind farms and solar power stations, which enhance modeling efficiency and model accuracy. Building upon this modeling framework, it also covers stability analysis and control methods for wind farms and solar power stations from both steady-state and transient perspectives. Lastly, considering the integration of energy storage into renewable energy power stations, the book explores the analysis and control of wind-energy storage and solar-energy storage hybrid systems. It adopts a holistic approach, establishing a fundamental framework for the topic, progressing from modeling to analysis and then to control, facilitating readers' comprehension. The book is targeted towards undergraduate and graduate students interested in renewable energy power stations, researchers focusing on station-level modeling, analysis, and control of renewable energy, as well as engineers in the field.
Large-Scale Integrated Energy Systems: Planning and Operation (Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering)
by Qing-Hua Wu Jiehui Zheng Zhaoxia Jing Xiaoxin ZhouThis book discusses key issues in the planning and operation of large-scale integrated energy systems (LSIES). It establishes individual-based models for LSIES and develops multi-objective optimization algorithms and multi-attribute decision making support systems, which are applied to the planning and optimal operation of LSIES. It is a valuable reference work for researchers, students and engineers who are interested in energy systems, operation research and decision theory.