- Table View
- List View
Parameter Estimation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IEEE Press Series on Control Systems Theory and Applications)
by Dawei Liang Zi Qiang Zhu Kan LiuComprehensive reference delivering basic principles and state-of-the-art parameter estimation techniques for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) Parameter Estimation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines reviews estimation techniques of the parameters of PMSMs, introducing basic models and techniques, as well as issues and solutions in parameter estimation challenges, including rank deficiency, inverter nonlinearity, and magnetic saturation. This book is supported by theories, experiments, and simulation examples for each technique covered. Topics explored in this book include: Electrical and mechanical parameter estimation techniques, including those based on current/voltage injection and position offset injection, under constant or variable speed and load for sensored or sensorless controlled PMSMs, accounting for magnetic saturation, cross-coupling, inverter nonlinearity, temperature effects, and moreRecursive least squares, the Kalman filter, model reference adaptive systems, Adaline neural networks, gradient-based methods, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithmsApplications of parameter estimation techniques for improvement of control performance, sensorless control, thermal condition monitoring, and fault diagnosis This book is an essential reference for professionals working on the control and design of electrical machines, researchers studying electric vehicles, wind power generators, aerospace, industrial drives, automation systems, robots, and domestic appliances, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related programs of study.
Parameter-Centric Scaled FET Devices: Physics Based Perspectives and Attributes (Synthesis Lectures on Emerging Engineering Technologies)
by Nabil Shovon AshrafParameters that determine the performance of silicon-based Field Effect Transistors (FET) devices in the presence of degenerate doping, often are not modeled properly and so require precise analysis to improve modeling accuracy. The book is focused on the extraction of parameters for silicon-based FET models that critically determine the FET performance at room temperature as well as at very low temperatures. Emphasize is put on analysis that is based on the device physics, especially at low (cryogenic) temperatures. Performance of gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire FETs, and stacked nanosheet complementary FETs (C-FET) are also discussed.
Parameterextraktion bei Halbleiterbauelementen: Simulation mit PSPICE
by Peter BaumannErgänzend zu Vorlesung, zu Rechenübungen und insbesondere zum Laborpraktikum im Lehrfach Elektronik werden Analyseverfahren zur Extraktion von SPICE-Modellparametern ausgewählter Halbleiterbauelemente vorgestellt. Für Bauelemente aus der DEMO-Version des Programms OrCAD-PSPICE wird aufgezeigt, wie man deren statische und dynamische elektrische Modellparameter mit SPICE-Analysen wieder zurück gewinnen kann. Diese Parameterermittlung wird vorgestellt für Schaltdiode, Kapazitätsdiode, Z-Diode, npn-Bipolartransistor, N-Kanal-Sperrschicht-Feldeffekttransistor, CMOS-Array-Transistoren, Operationsverstärker und Optokoppler.
Parameterextraktion bei Halbleiterbauelementen: Simulation mit PSPICE
by Peter BaumannErgänzend zu Vorlesung, zu Rechenübungen und insbesondere zum Laborpraktikum im Lehrfach Elektronik werden Analyseverfahren zur Extraktion von SPICE-Modellparametern ausgewählter Halbleiterbauelemente vorgestellt. Für Bauelemente aus der DEMO-Version des Programms OrCAD-PSPICE wird aufgezeigt, wie man deren statische und dynamische elektrische Modellparameter mit PSPICE-Analysen wieder zurück gewinnen kann. Diese Parameterermittlung wird vorgestellt für Schaltdiode, Kapazitätsdiode, npn-Bipolartransistor, N-Kanal-Sperr- Schicht-Feldeffekttransistor, CMOS-Array-Transistoren, Operationsverstärker und Optokoppler. Im abschließenden neuen Kapitel wird die Ermittlung der Modell- Parameter von Sensoren zur Erfassung von Temperatur, Licht, Feuchte, Kraft, Schall, Gaskonzentration und pH-Wert behandelt.
Parameterextraktion bei Halbleiterbauelementen: Simulation mit PSPICE
by Peter BaumannErgänzend zu Vorlesung, zu Rechenübungen und insbesondere zum Laborpraktikum im Lehrfach Elektronik werden Analyseverfahren zur Extraktion von SPICE-Modellparametern ausgewählter Halbleiterbauelemente vorgestellt. Für Bauelemente aus der DEMO-Version des Programms ORCAD-PSPICE wird aufgezeigt, wie man deren statische und dynamische elektrische Modellparameter mit PSPICE-Analysen wieder zurück gewinnen kann. Diese Parameterermittlung wird ausgeführt für Schaltdiode, Kapazitätsdiode, npn-Bipolartransistor, N-Kanal-Sperrschicht-Feldeffekttransistor, CMOS-Array-Transistoren, Operationsverstärker und Optokoppler. In einem neuen Abschnitt werden Streuparameter-Analysen zum bipolaren HF-Transistor vorgenommen. Behandelt wird ferner die Ermittlung der Modellparameter von Sensoren zur Erfassung von Temperatur, Licht, Feuchte, Kraft, Schall, Gaskonzentration und pH-Wert. Das abschließende neue Kapitel widmet sich der Parameterextraktion von multikristallinen, monokristallinen und Dünnschicht-Silizium-Solarzellen.
Parametric Analog Signal Amplification Applied to Nanoscale CMOS Technologies
by João Goes João P. OliveiraThis book is dedicated to the analysis of parametric amplification with special emphasis on the MOS discrete-time implementation. This implementation is demonstrated by the presentation of several circuits where the MOS parametric amplifier cell is used: small gain amplifier, comparator with embedded pre-amplification, discrete-time mixer/IIR-Filter, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Experimental results are shown to validate the overall design technique.
Parametric Array Loudspeakers: From Theory to Application
by Jun Yang Peifeng JiThis book highlights a comprehensive overview of research and technical advances related to parametric array loudspeakers (PALs), covering modeling and simulation, measurements, signal processing, beamsteering, and their implementations and applications. PALs that can achieve directional sound reproduction have received widespread attention from global researchers due to their advantages of narrow beam, highly directivity, and very small sidelobes. PALs have developed rapidly in theory and application and have been used in various commercial products. At present, PALs have become a research hotspot in the field of audio engineering. The book is a must-have guiding reference for researchers, professionals and graduate students who seek to conduct further research on PALs.
Parametric Cost Modeling for Buildings
by Donald E. ParkerSuccessful cost management and value engineering in construction is based on accurate and early estimations of cost, and this book is the quickest route to creating a cost plan from scratch. The budgeting system described in this book will help the reader to: document project scope at a level that provides excellent cost control at design stage establish the parameters of potential sites before selecting one determine the amount of financing needed before deciding to bid on a project make a detailed and robust building project budget determine the rental rate necessary to see if a building project will be marketable The technique used is a parametric cost system, not the square foot cost system used by most who quote an up-front building cost. To help calculate the parameter quantities and price them as quantified, this book comes with 5 electronic templates to calculate program scope; i.e. – space, configuration, HVAC loads, plumbing and electrical. It also includes: the author’s parametric cost database and cost template to prepare the construction estimate a soft cost template to price out all related program costs, convert them to a monthly cash flow, incorporate financing costs and then reveal the final budget an operation and maintenance annual cost template to calculate those variable and fixed costs necessary to run the building and then convert the result into the necessary rental rate to capitalize all costs The spreadsheets, data, advice, and templates, are all introduced through a detailed case study, placing everything in an easy to understand practical context. This will prove an invaluable guide not only for estimators and cost engineers, but also developers, clients, and architects.
Parametric Experiments in Architecture: A Connection Joint Design for Sustainable Structures in Bamboo (UNIPA Springer Series)
by Andrea Mercurio Francesco Di PaolaThis book offers a comprehensive overview of the use of bamboo in the building industry. It systematically demonstrates bamboo’s utility in terms of its properties, describing the material properties of typical industrial bamboo products, and discussing their performance evaluation and optimization as building components and in the creation of building envelopes. The book presents the recent developments regarding the innovative ways to design and represent architecture through parametric survey tools, and describes the experimental geometrical-generative design process of a connection joint for free-form lightweight structures employing beams made of bamboo culms. It examines algorithmic-generative design themes, through processes of optimization, analysis, and geometrical-spatial verification, employing the potential of digital form-finding design and digital manufacturing techniques to validate the defined technological solution. This book appeals to scientists and professionals and is a valuable resource for civil engineers, designers and students interested in this unique plant material and its application in the building industry. Videos via app: download the SN More Media app for free, scan an image or a link with play button and access the videos directly on your smartphone or tablet.
Parametric Modeling with SOLIDWORKS 2016
by Randy H. Shih Paul J. Schilling<p>Parametric Modeling with SOLIDWORKS 2016 contains a series of sixteen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce SOLIDWORKS 2016, solid modeling and parametric modeling techniques and concepts. This book introduces SOLIDWORKS 2016 on a step-by-step basis, starting with constructing basic shapes, all the way through to the creation of assembly drawings and motion analysis. <p>This book takes a hands on, exercise intensive approach to all the important Parametric Modeling techniques and concepts. Each lesson introduces a new set of commands and concepts, building on previous lessons. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent solid models, assemblies and creating multi-view drawings. <p>This book also covers some of the more advanced features of SOLIDWORKS 2016, including how to use the SOLIDWORKS Design Library, basic motion analysis, collision detection and analysis with SimulationXpress. <p>The exercises in this book cover the performance tasks that are included on the Certified SOLIDWORKS Associate (CSWA) Examination. Reference guides located at the front of the book and in each chapter show where these performance tasks are covered.</p>
Parametric Modeling with SOLIDWORKS 2024
by Randy Shih Paul SchillingParametric Modeling with SOLIDWORKS 2024 contains a series of seventeen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce SOLIDWORKS 2024, solid modeling and parametric modeling techniques and concepts. This book introduces SOLIDWORKS 2024 on a step-by-step basis, starting with constructing basic shapes, all the way through to the creation of assembly drawings and motion analysis. This book takes a hands on, exercise intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. Each lesson introduces a new set of commands and concepts, building on previous lessons. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent solid models, assemblies and creating multi-view drawings. This book also covers some of the more advanced features of SOLIDWORKS 2024, including how to use the SOLIDWORKS Design Library, basic motion analysis, collision detection and analysis with SimulationXpress. The exercises in this book cover the performance tasks that are included on the Certified SOLIDWORKS Associate (CSWA) Examination. Reference guides located at the front of the book and in each chapter show where these performance tasks are covered. This book also introduces you to the general principles of 3D printing including a brief history of 3D printing, the types of 3D printing technologies, commonly used filaments, and the basic procedure for printing a 3D model. 3D printing makes it easier than ever for anyone to start turning their designs into physical objects and by the end of this book you will be ready to start printing out your own designs.
Parametric Modeling with Solidworks 2023
by Randy H. Shih Paul J. SchillingParametric Modeling with SOLIDWORKS 2023 contains a series of seventeen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce SOLIDWORKS 2023, solid modeling and parametric modeling techniques and concepts. This book introduces SOLIDWORKS 2023 on a step-by-step basis, starting with constructing basic shapes, all the way through to the creation of assembly drawings and motion analysis. <p><p>This book takes a hands on, exercise intensive approach to all the important parametric modeling techniques and concepts. Each lesson introduces a new set of commands and concepts, building on previous lessons. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent solid models, assemblies and creating multi-view drawings. <p><p>This book also covers some of the more advanced features of SOLIDWORKS 2023, including how to use the SOLIDWORKS Design Library, basic motion analysis, collision detection and analysis with SimulationXpress. <p><p>The exercises in this book cover the performance tasks that are included on the Certified SOLIDWORKS Associate (CSWA) Examination. Reference guides located at the front of the book and in each chapter show where these performance tasks are covered. <p><p>This book also introduces you to the general principles of 3D printing including a brief history of 3D printing, the types of 3D printing technologies, commonly used filaments, and the basic procedure for printing a 3D model. 3D printing makes it easier than ever for anyone to start turning their designs into physical objects and by the end of this book you will be ready to start printing out your own designs.
Parametric Resonance in Dynamical Systems
by Henk Nijmeijer Thor I. FossenParametric Resonance in Dynamical Systems discusses the phenomenon of parametric resonance and its occurrence in mechanical systems, vehicles, motorcycles, aircraft and marine craft, along micro-electro-mechanical systems. The contributors provides an introduction to the root causes of this phenomenon and its mathematical equivalent, the Mathieu-Hill equation. Also included is a discussion of how parametric resonance occurs on ships and offshore systems, and its frequency in mechanical and electrical systems. This volume is ideal for researchers and mechanical engineers working in application fields such as MEMS, maritime, aircraft and ground vehicle engineering.
Parametric Time-Frequency Domain Spatial Audio
by Ville Pulkki Symeon Delikaris-Manias Archontis PolitisA comprehensive guide that addresses the theory and practice of spatial audio This book provides readers with the principles and best practices in spatial audio signal processing. It describes how sound fields and their perceptual attributes are captured and analyzed within the time-frequency domain, how essential representation parameters are coded, and how such signals are efficiently reproduced for practical applications. The book is split into four parts starting with an overview of the fundamentals. It then goes on to explain the reproduction of spatial sound before offering an examination of signal-dependent spatial filtering. The book finishes with coverage of both current and future applications and the direction that spatial audio research is heading in. Parametric Time-frequency Domain Spatial Audio focuses on applications in entertainment audio, including music, home cinema, and gaming—covering the capturing and reproduction of spatial sound as well as its generation, transduction, representation, transmission, and perception. This book will teach readers the tools needed for such processing, and provides an overview to existing research. It also shows recent up-to-date projects and commercial applications built on top of the systems. Provides an in-depth presentation of the principles, past developments, state-of-the-art methods, and future research directions of spatial audio technologies Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field Offers MATLAB codes with selected chapters An advanced book aimed at readers who are capable of digesting mathematical expressions about digital signal processing and sound field analysis, Parametric Time-frequency Domain Spatial Audio is best suited for researchers in academia and in the audio industry.
Parametrized, Deformed and General Neural Networks (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1116)
by George A. AnastassiouIn this book, we introduce the parametrized, deformed and general activation function of neural networks. The parametrized activation function kills much less neurons than the original one. The asymmetry of the brain is best expressed by deformed activation functions. Along with a great variety of activation functions, general activation functions are also engaged. Thus, in this book, all presented is original work by the author given at a very general level to cover a maximum number of different kinds of neural networks: giving ordinary, fractional, fuzzy and stochastic approximations. It presents here univariate, fractional and multivariate approximations. Iterated sequential multi-layer approximations are also studied. The functions under approximation and neural networks are Banach space valued.
Parasitic Antenna Arrays for Wireless MIMO Systems
by Antonis Kalis Athanasios G. Kanatas Constantinos B. PapadiasThis book unites two different technologies: parasitic antenna arrays driven via analogue circuits that control the electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna array; and MIMO technology for multi-antenna arrays, typically driven by digital techniques in the baseband domain. The combination of these two technologies has revealed a novel functionality that breaks through the conventional MIMO paradigm, allowing MIMO transmission over the air with the use of antenna arrays that may consist of only a single active element, that is surrounded by a number of passive neighboring antennas. The contributions in the book show the capability of such systems to also perform MIMO transmission. This fact holds the potential of revolutionizing the way small-form wireless terminals operate and seems to set the scene for a win-win situation, achieving MIMO transmission with very small and cheap antenna arrays. The book is structured to provide a well-rounded treatment of the various facets of this newly discovered wireless communication capability. All relevant technical angles, ranging from information theoretic to electromagnetic considerations; from analogue circuit to digital baseband control for signal generation; and from channel modeling to communication theoretic aspects are taken into account. A good balance between theory, practical considerations and over-the-air experimentation is proposed and reflected in the chapter outline. Finally, a discussion and early evidence related to potential applications as well as the relevance to current and upcoming wireless standards is provided.
Parasitic Orobanchaceae: Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies
by Daniel M. Joel Jonathan Gressel Lytton J. MusselmanThis book was written in response to significant recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of parasitism in the Orobanchaceae, and breakthroughs in the control of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. It consists of 26 contributions by internationally recognized leading scientists. The main book chapters are grouped into two parts: · Part I - The Orobanchaceae and Their Parasitic Mechanisms · Part II - The Weedy Orobanchaceae and Their Control The first part provides cutting-edge information on all key aspects of plant parasitism, such as the structure, development and function of the haustorium; nutrient transfer and the physiology of the parasite-host association; host reaction to parasitic plants; seed production and germination; the strigolactones and host-parasite signaling mechanisms; the parasite genome, phylogenetics, evolution and epigenetics; and ecology. Topics of the second part include: the problem posed by the weedy parasites; population diversity and dynamics; molecular diagnosis of seed banks; and detailed discussion of the various management strategies, including agronomic, chemical and biotechnological approaches, as well as host breeding for resistance, allelopathy and biological control. This book is intended for plant scientists, university lecturers and students, agronomists and weed specialists, breeders and farmers, extension personnel and experts in tropical and subtropical agriculture.
Parasitic Phenomena in the Dynamics of Industrial Devices
by Alberto Borboni Rodolfo FagliaIn the real world the dynamic behavior of a real machine presents either unforeseen or limiting phenomena: both are undesired, and can be therefore be classified as parasitic phenomena- unwanted, unforeseen, or limiting behaviors. Parasitic Phenomena in the Dynamics of Industrial Devices describes the potential causes and effects of these behaviors
Parasitic Plants in African Agriculture
by Professor Lytton John Musselman Dr Jonne RodenburgParasitic Plants in African Agriculture brings together for the first time in a single volume, the ecology, biology, damage, and control of all groups of African parasitic plants including both the relatively few parasites introduced to the continent as well as those native parasites that have spread from within Africa. The book covers the well-known witchweeds and broomrapes but also groups and species that have received less attention including mistletoes, dodders, rice vampire weed, and other species posing threats. The book distinguishes between stem and root parasitic weeds and between holoparasites and (facultative or obligate) hemiparasites. Based on their research and experience collectively spanning six decades, the authors provide an authoritative and state-of-the-art overview of the distribution, biology and impact of these highly specialized weeds and include recommendations for their management. Since parasitic plants in African agriculture primarily affect smallholder farmers, these weeds are explicitly discussed within a context of resource limitations and global changes. Readers are informed on all parasitic plant species relevant to African agriculture and the impact these plants have on crop production and livelihoods of smallholders in a changing world. Current and future management strategies are outlined in terms of their principles and effectiveness as well as their feasibility and affordability for farmers, all of which determine farmer adoption. The final chapter synthesises some of the relevant findings and statistics regarding parasitic weed distribution and their host crops and discusses implications in terms of future crop protection concerns in African agricultural systems. Key features: · Authoritative text based on extensive field and laboratory work. · First comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of parasitic plants and their management in Africa. · Highly illustrated with photos, graphs and species distribution maps. · Reviews previous basic and applied work, with relevance to smallholder farming systems. This book will be a valuable reference for students, researchers, extension workers, development officers, national agriculture researchers, plant pathologists, food security specialists, weed scientists, agronomists and botanists.
Parasitic Substrate Coupling in High Voltage Integrated Circuits
by Maher Kayal Jean-Michel Sallese Pietro Buccella Camillo StefanucciThis book introduces a new approach to model and predict substrate parasitic failures in integrated circuits with standard circuit design tools.The injection of majority and minority carriers in the substrate is a recurring problem in smart power ICs containing high voltage, high current switching devices besides sensitive control, protection and signal processing circuits.The injection of parasitic charges leads to the activation of substrate bipolar transistors. This book explores how these events can be evaluated for a wide range of circuit topologies. To this purpose, new generalized devices implemented in Verilog-A are used to model the substrate with standard circuit simulators. This approach was able to predict for the first time the activation of a latch-up in real circuits through post-layout SPICE simulation analysis.Discusses substrate modeling and circuit-level simulation of parasitic bipolar device coupling effects in integrated circuits;Includes circuit back-annotation of the parasitic lateral n-p-n and vertical p-n-p bipolar transistors in the substrate;Uses Spice for simulation and characterization of parasitic bipolar transistors, latch-up of the parasitic p-n-p-n structure, and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices;Offers design guidelines to reduce couplings by adding specific protections.
Parasitism and Parasitic Control in Animals: Strategies for the Developing World
by Edited by Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan and Muhammad Sohail SajidParasitism and Parasitic Control in Animals brings together all the details needed to appropriately manage parasites in domestic animals. It provides comprehensive coverage of parasites and factors affecting their transmission, principles of parasite control, diagnosis, and assessment of parasitological information. Beginning with an overview of the fundamentals of parasitism including a review of the parasites of zoonotic importance, the text then: - Covers a range of methods for effective parasite control, including chemotherapy, nutrition, pasture management, selective breeding, vaccination and more; - Considers drug resistance and parasitic infections; - Includes cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horses, donkeys, dogs, cats, poultry, pigs and fish, as well as wild animals in the context of intermediate hosts, vectors or as reservoirs of infection. With numerous new case histories and maps showing the spread of anthelmintic resistance, this textbook forms an essential guide for veterinary practitioners, students and technicians. It is also an invaluable resource for parasitologists, researchers, animal health professionals and anyone working with these parasites in developing countries.
Parasitoid Wasps of South East Asia
by Dr Buntika A Butcher Dr Donald QuickeParasitoid wasps are cosmopolitan, numerous and enormously diverse with probably one million or more species worldwide, most of which occur in the moist tropics. Their ecological importance is enormous although perhaps most evident in their major roles in the control of insect pest populations. In natural ecosystems they are integral in regulating populations of a vast number of insects, and therefore are key players in terrestrial food webs. Knowledge of their biology is still very poor because the current state of taxonomy is still in its infancy in most parts of the world. In this book, we provide an overview of the more than 30 families of parasitoid wasps that occur in the 11 countries in South East Asia. Particular emphasis is given to those most commonly encountered and reared, as well as to those used in biological control programmes. Outlines of the morphology, biology, ecology and behaviour of each family, as well as of various important subfamilies are presented. The current state of taxonomy in the region is summarised. Other chapters cover basic biology, behaviour, morphological terminology, phylogeny and methods of specimen collecting, preparation and rearing with particular relevance to the tropics. Modern molecular approaches to speeding taxonomic description of hyperdiverse taxa are considered in depth. All groups are illustrated with colour photographs. This book will be of value to professional entomologists, academics, entomology students and the growing body of amateur entomologists and insect photographers.
Parasitoids in Pest Management
by OmkarPests cause economic damage to crops and stored products, while vectors are responsible for the transmission of disease-causing agents in human beings and livestock. Although the application of synthetic pesticides in agriculture has given immediate relief, it has also caused well-known side effects, leading to a general consensus among entomologists and agriculturists to shift towards other ecofriendly pest management. Insect natural enemies consisting of predators, parasitoids, and pathogens have attracted the attention of scientists across the globe. These natural enemies exist in agroecosystems and suppress the populations of pests. Parasitoids are farmers’ friends and the most successful group of natural enemies. Highly specialised in their host choice, the female parasitoid searches for a suitable host to lay eggs and larvae in, on or near the hosts. Exploiting this potency of parasitoids may yield successful results in controlling notorious pests in an ecofriendly way.This book covers information on the important biocontrol agents effective in pest suppression. It starts with insect parasitic groups followed by specific groups of parasitoids. It is hoped that the book presents a comprehensive account of beneficial parasitoirds, and will be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students of Entomology, Biological Control, Plant Protection, Agricultural Zoology, and Zoology, besides those involved in competitive examinations and policy planning. Features: • Each chapter has been written by very experienced specialists.• Every chapter includes Learning Objectives and Points to Remember.• This book offers comprehensive knowledge of parasitoids and their application in pestmanagement in a rational way.
Parched - The Cape Town Drought Story
by Gisela KaiserThe book presents the history of water supply to Cape Town, leading up to the worst ever drought recorded, through political turmoil impacting on drought interventions and resulting in the adoption of an integrated water strategy.Regions reliant on water supply from rainfed dams have always been vulnerable to the impact of drought. This is exacerbated by the uncertainty of future rainfall, which is never guaranteed, and reliance is placed on modelling using historic data. While weather has always been variable, climate has been generally reliable. With anthropogenic activity causing changes in climate, the validity of modelling based on history is currently not fully trusted. Unless the storage capacity is sufficient to carry through numerous seasons of poor rainfall, even with water restrictions to match demand and supply in times of depleted rainfall, the risk of reservoirs running dry remains a threat.
Parenting in the Age of Attention Snatchers: A Step-by-Step Guide to Balancing Child's Use of Technology
by Lucy Jo PalladinoAre your kids glued to their screens? Here is a practical, step-by-step guide that gives parents the tools to teach children, from toddlers to teens, how to gain control of their technology use. As children spend more of their time on tablets and smartphones, using apps specially engineered to capture their attention, parents are becoming concerned about the effects of so much technology use--and they feel powerless to intervene. They want their kids to be competent and competitive in their use of technology, but they also want to prevent the attention and behavioral problems that can develop from overuse.In this guide, Lucy Jo Palladino doesn't demonize technology; instead she gives parents the tools to help children understand and control their attention--and to recognize and resist when their attention is being "snatched." Palladino's straightforward, evidence-based approach applies to kids of all ages. Parents will also learn the critical difference between voluntary and involuntary attention, new findings about brain development, and what puts children at risk for attention disorders.