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Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Water Applications: Advanced Characterization Techniques
by Ying Siew Khoo Jia Zheng Oor Woei Jye Lau Jia Wei ChewThe global market for polymeric membranes used in water and wastewater treatment is experiencing robust growth, with polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membranes dominating reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) processes. This monograph presents the latest trends in characterization techniques for PA TFC membranes and provides the most current and relevant information on these techniques tailored specifically for TFC NF and RO membranes.Features• Focuses solely on the characterization of PA TFC membranes used in water and wastewater treatment.• Provides the latest insights into employing advanced and emerging characterization tools to analyze the intrinsic properties of the PA selective layer and evaluate the overall performance of PA TFC membranes during filtration processes.• Extensively examines the strengths and limitations of each membrane characterization tool, offering in-depth analyses for readers.This book is an indispensable reference and practical guide for advanced students, researchers, and scientists involved in NF and RO membrane fabrication and characterization, including those in the fields of chemical, materials, and environmental engineering.
Polyampholytes in Advanced Polymer Science and Emerging Technologies (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Sarkyt E. KudaibergenovPolyampholytes are unique polymers containing acid/base and/or anionic/cationic groups in the main or side chains. Water-soluble and water-swelling polyampholytes exhibit properties that provide broad potential as structural biomaterials, drug delivery and chemo-mechanical systems, biosensors, energy storage devices, supercapacitors, and actuators, among others. This monograph reviews the innovative studies in this field over the past two decades, with the aim to analyze and systematize the literature in the context of emerging technologies. Offers a multidisciplinary perspective covering polyampholytes, polybetaines, and polyzwitterions in nanotechnology, biotechnology, medicine, catalysis, environment protection, and oil industry applications Demonstrates a wide range of applications for these materials with enough depth to provide critical fundamental knowledge for new researchers in the field Discusses polyampholyte-protected and gel-immobilized metal nanoparticles and enzymes that catalyze reactions of hydrolysis, decomposition, hydrogenation, and oxidation of various substrates in batch-type and continuous flow–type reactors Highlights the remaining persistent challenges in the development and application of these materials This book will appeal to readers who conduct materials research for biomedical, water treatment, and environmental remediation applications.
Polybutilene Therephthalate (PBT), Synthesis and Properties
by M.A. Mikitaev T.A. BorukaevThis volume gives an analysis of recent achievements in the field of synthesis, structural investigations, and properties of polybutilene therephthalate (PBT). Furthermore, the mechanism of PBT synthesis by equilibrium polycondensation reaction is described together with the used reagents, catalysts, and stabilizers.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Work Atmospheres: Occurrence and Determination
by Alf BjorsethThis book deals with the sources, distribution, analytical methods, and monitoring of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the occupational environment. It is hoped that this book will make a contribution to understanding the formation and determination of PAH in work atmosphere and that it will make a particular contribution to occupational health projects. Much of the information given in this book has been generating in studies carried out in cooperation with the Norwegian aluminium industry.
Polyelectrolytes
by Visakh P. M. Oguz Bayraktar Guillermo Alfredo PicóThis book offers a valuable reference source to graduate and post graduate students, engineering students, research scholars polymer engineers from industry. The book provides the reader with current developments of theoretical models describing the thermodynamics polyelectrolytes as well as experimental findings. A particular emphasis is put on the rheological description of polyelectrolyte solutions and hydrogels.
Polyester-Based Biocomposites
by Senthilkumar Krishnasamy Chandrasekar Muthukumar Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani Suchart SiengchinPolyester-Based Biocomposites highlights the performance of polyester-based biocomposites reinforced with various natural fibres extracted from leaf, stem, fruit bunch, grass and wood material. It also addresses the characteristics of polyester-based biocomposites reinforced with rice husk fillers and various nanoparticles. This book explores the widespread applications of fibre-reinforced polymer composites in the aerospace sector, automotive parts, construction and building materials, sports equipment and household appliances. Investigating the advantages of natural fibres, such as superior damping characteristics, low density, biodegradability, abundant availability at low cost and non-abrasive to tooling, this book discusses what makes them a cost-effective alternative reinforcement material for composites in certain applications. This book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students and engineers in the field of polymer composites.
Polyethylene-Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposities
by Visakh P. M. María José MorlanesThe book focusses on the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of polyethylene-based blends, composites and nanocomposites by looking at the various aspects of processing, morphology, properties and applications. <P><P> In particular, the book details the important developments in areas such as the structure-properties relationship of polyethylene; modification of polyethylene with radiation and ion implantation processes; stabilization of irradiated polyethylene by the introduction of antioxidants; reinforcement of polyethylene through carbon-based materials as additives; characterization of carbon-based polyethylenes composites, polyethylene-based blends with thermoplastic and thermoset; characterization of polyethylene-based thermoplastic and thermoset blends; polyethylene-based blends with natural rubber and synthetic rubber; characterization of polyethylene-based natural rubber and synthetic rubber blends; characterization of polyethylene-based composites.
A Polygeneration Process Concept for Hybrid Solar and Biomass Power Plant: Simulation, Modelling, and Optimization
by Umakanta SahooThe global warming phenomenon as a significant sustainability issue is gaining worldwide support for development of renewable energy technologies. The term “polygeneration” is referred to as “an energy supply system, which delivers more than one form of energy to the final user.” For example, electricity, cooling and desalination can be delivered from a polygeneration process. The polygeneration process in a hybrid solar thermal power plant can deliver electricity with less impact on the environment compared to a conventional fossil fuel-based power generating system. It is also THE next generation energy production technique with the potential to overcome the undesirable intermittence of renewable energy systems. In this study, the polygeneration process simultaneous production of power, vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cooling and multi-effect humidification and dehumidification (MEHD) desalination system from different heat sources in hybrid solar-biomass (HSB) system with higher energy efficiencies (energy and exergy), primary energy savings (PES) and payback period are investigated, focusing on several aspects associated with hybrid solar-biomass power generation installations, such as wide availability of biomass resources and solar direct normal irradiance (DNI), and other technologies. Thermodynamic evaluation (energy and exergy) of HSB power has also been investigated, along with the VAR cooling system, the modelling, simulation, optimization and cost analysis of the polygeneration hybrid solar biomass system, all accompanied by multiple case studies and examples for practical applications. This volume provides the researcher, student and engineer with the intellectual tool needed for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field. The book is also intended to serve as a general source and reference book for the professional (consultant, designer, contractor etc.) who is working in the field of solar thermal, biomass, power plant, polygeneration, cooling and process heat. It is a must-have for anyone working in this field.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Microbial Biodiversity, Biowastes, and Bioprocesses
by Vipin Chandra KaliaThis book highlights microbial biodiversity, biowastes, and innovative bioprocesses that contribute to creating these environmentally friendly biopolymers. The chapters discuss key concepts such as the occurrence and biosynthesis of natural and synthetic biopolymer composites, recent advances in using engineered E. coli and Pseudomonas as microbial factories revolutionizing biopolymer production, and the challenges and opportunities presented by cyanobacterial PHA research. Additionally, it investigates green synthesis methods that convert lignocellulosic biomass into PHAs and examines various feedstocks like sugar- and starch-rich waste for fermentation substrates. Researchers in biotechnology, environmental science, materials engineering, and related fields will find this book indispensable. It offers a comprehensive overview of current R&D activities to achieve sustainable PHA production. The book provides both theoretical perspectives and practical case studies, offers a wealth of knowledge to guide readers’ exploration of biopolymer production, making it a must-read for anyone dedicated to advancing eco-friendly materials science.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Agriculture, Industry, and Environment
by Vipin Chandra KaliaThis book overviews the sustainable production and diverse applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), with a special focus on agriculture, industry, and the environment. It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest strategies to overcome production challenges and enhance commercial feasibility. By exploring the potential of cost-effective raw materials and genetically engineered microbes, this volume highlights innovative approaches to ferment biowastes efficiently. The book also examines how blending different PHAs and modifying their chemical structures can expand their applications, making it a must-read for those interested in biotechnological advancements. Key concepts covered include the development of biosensors, bio-indicators, and biofuels, as well as the role of biopolymers in environmental bioremediation. The chapters are organized to provide insights into technological bioprocesses that can be translated into globally competitive business proposals. Readers will discover contributions from renowned scholars who probe critical questions about sustainable PHA production and its applications in various industries. This book is essential for researchers, scholars, and practitioners in biotechnology, environmental science, and agricultural engineering. It offers valuable information for those looking to develop eco-friendly solutions and sustainable business models. Whether you are an academic or a professional in the field, this volume provides the latest research and practical insights to help you stay ahead in the rapidly evolving landscape of biopolymers.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biomedical Sector
by Vipin Chandra KaliaThis book provides an in-depth analysis of recent developments in microbial diversity, molecular biology, and biotechnology related to PHA production. PHAs are highlighted as unique biopolymers that are biocompatible, bioresorbable, biodegradable, versatile, and sustainable—qualities that make them strong contenders for various biomedical applications. The chapters cover essential topics such as microbial production of PHAs from biowastes, co-digestion processes to enhance their physio-chemical properties, and challenges related to regulatory approvals and commercialization. Readers will learn about the diverse range of medical applications for PHAs including tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, implants, anti-osteoporosis treatments, and memory enhancers. The book also addresses how these biopolymers can be fine-tuned for specific medical uses through advanced bioengineering techniques. Particular attention is given to the potential translation of these technologies into globally competitive business ventures. The volume provides expert analyses on how governmental funding agencies can identify prospective scientific R&D areas. For society at large, this book offers novel concepts about the eco-friendly and economic benefits of PHAs. Researchers in biotechnology, molecular biology, biomedical engineering, and related fields will find this book indispensable. This volume is part of a series dedicated to exploring the vast potential of bioplastics across various sectors. It serves as an essential guide for researchers aiming to achieve sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoate production while addressing critical questions about their practical applications in medicine.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates Biopolymers: Production Strategies (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Geeta GahlawatThis book focuses on both production and extraction aspects of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) for their commercialization purpose. PHAs have broad range of applications in packaging, food, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. Until now literature reports have discussed either production strategies or extraction protocols. But for commercialization purpose both issues need to be addressed. This book highlights other copolymers of PHAs which have much better physico-mechanical properties such as elasticity and strength than polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Finally efficient product recovery protocols and process optimization strategies including renewable substrates, high cell density cultivations, genetic engineering and mathematical modeling are discussed in detail in order to outline the progress made so far in the area of economic biopolymer production. The primary audience will be scholars, researchers and professors working in colleges, universities, research institutes and government organizations.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Palm Oil: Biodegradable Plastics
by Kumar SudeshThe environmental problems caused by petroleum-based plastic and plastic waste have led to an increasing demand for biobased and biodegradable plastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). These polyesters are synthesized from carbon sources, e.g. sugar and plant oils, by various bacteria. This book highlights the potential of plant oils, especially palm oil, as a feedstock for PHA production. In addition, new PHA applications are discussed and the sustainability of PHA production from plant oils is critically examined.
Polyimide Membranes: Applications, Fabrications and Properties
by H. Ohya V.V. Kudryavsev S.I. SemenovaThis is a first attempt to provide a general analysis of developments in polyimide membrane synthesis and applications. It will serve as a valuable reference for those with an interest in synthesis of polyimides, the chemistry and physical chemistry of polyimide compounds, the separation properties of membranes and in their preparation and application. It is intended as a summary of the current status of polyimide membrane research for the specialist as well as a teaching aid for graduate studies in polymer chemistry. The authors collaboration demonstrates the high level of scientific research in Russia and the active development of applied research in Japan.
Polyimides: Fundamentals and Applications (Plastics Engineering)
by Malay GhoshProvides coverage on the full range of topics associated with polyimides, including structure, polymer fundamentals, and product areas. The text addresses both basic and applied aspects of the subject. It details the synthesis of polyimides, polyamideimides, and flourinated polyimides, explains the molecular design of photosensitive polyimides, and more.
Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, volume 2
by K. L. MittalThis volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, held in Newark, New Jersey, December 3-6, 2001. Polyimides possess many desirable attributes, so this class of materials has found applications in many technologies ranging from
Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, Volume 5
by Kash L. MittalThis volume documents the proceedings of the "Second International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, held in Newark, New Jersey, December 3-6, 2001. Polyimides possess many desirable attributes, so this class of materials has found applications in many technologies ranging fro
Polylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites
by Jyotishkumar ParameswaranpillaiPolylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites offers a comprehensive account of the methods for the synthesis, characterization, processing, and applications of these advanced materials. This book fills a gap in the literature as the only currently available book on this topic. This book: Describes the procedures for the extraction of cellulose materials from different sources and characterization methods adopted for analyzing their properties Covers properties, processing, and applications of PLA biocomposites made using the extracted cellulose Discusses the effect of reinforcement of cellulose on the biopolymer matrix and the enhancement of biopolymer properties Examines current status, challenges, and future outlook in biocomposite research and applications The book serves as a reference for researchers, scientists, and advanced students in polymer science and engineering and materials science who are interested in cellulose polymer composites and their applications.
Polymer 3D Printing and 3D Copying Technology (Advanced and Intelligent Manufacturing in China)
by Weimin Yang Ranran JianThis book focuses on 3D printing and molding/ copying technologies and approaches, which innovatively proposes the concept of polymer 3D copying technology. It introduces the two technologies of polymer 3D printing and 3D copying by analogy and elaborates the core principles and processes of polymer 3D copying technology, the composition, basic parameters and structure design of polymer 3D copying machines, precision control methods, defect generation mechanism and solutions of polymer 3D copying products, and also discussed the future development of polymer 3D copying technology. The novel concept of 3D copying is one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested in rapid prototyping and molding. The book is based on both traditional and new knowledges, with novel content and concept, focusing on both principles and engineering practice. It systematically reflects the content and application of polymer 3D printing and 3D copying technology, which can benefit researchers, engineers, and students of related majors engaged in the fields of polymer processing, rapid prototyping, 3D printing and molding/ copying, etc.
Polymer Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication
by Hongbo ZengSpecifically dedicated to polymer and biopolymer systems, Polymer Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication guides readers to the scratch, wear, and lubrication properties of polymers and the engineering applications, from biomedical research to automotive engineering. Author Hongbo Zeng details different experimental and theoretical methods used to probe static and dynamic properties of polymer materials and biomacromolecular systems. Topics include the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to analyze nanotribology, polymer thin films and brushes, nanoparticles, rubber and tire technology, synovial joint lubrication, adhesion in paper products, bioMEMS, and electrorheological fluids.
Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: for Materials Science and Biotechnology
by Omar Azzaroni Igal SzleiferServes as a guide for seasoned researchers and students alike, who wish to learn about the cross-fertilization between biology and materials that is driving this emerging area of science This book covers the most relevant topics in basic research and those having potential technological applications for the field of biopolymer brushes. This area has experienced remarkable increase in development of practical applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past decade. In view of the rapidly growing activity and interest in the field, this book covers the introductory features of polymer brushes and presents a unifying and stimulating overview of the theoretical aspects and emerging applications. It immerses readers in the historical perspective and the frontiers of research where our knowledge is increasing steadily—providing them with a feeling of the enormous potential, the multiple applications, and the many up-and-coming trends behind the development of macromolecular interfaces based on the use of polymer brushes. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: Fundamentals and Applications in Materials offers chapters on: Functionalization of Surfaces Using Polymer Brushes; Polymer Brushes by ATRP and Surface-Mediated RAFT Polymerization for Biological Functions; Electro-Induced Copper Catalyzed Surface Modification with Monolayer and Polymer Brush; Polymer Brushes on Flat and Curved Substrates; Biomimetic Anchors for Antifouling Polymer Brush Coating; Glycopolymer Brushes Presenting Sugars in Their Natural Form; Smart Surfaces Modified with Phenylboronic Acid-Containing Polymer Brushes; DNA Brushes; Polymer Brushes as Interfacial Materials for Soft Metal Conductors and Electronics; and more. Presents a comprehensive theory/simulation section that will be valuable for all readers Includes chapters not only on the biological applications of polymer brushes but also on biological systems that resemble polymer brushes on flat surfaces Addresses applications in coatings, friction, sensors, microelectromechanical systems, and biomaterials Devotes particular attention to the functional aspects of hybrid nanomaterials employing polymer brushes as functional units Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: Fundamentals and Applications in Materials is aimed at both graduate students and researchers new to this subject as well as scientists already engaged in the study and development of polymer brushes.
Polymer and Ceramic Composite Materials: Emergent Properties and Applications
by Noureddine RamdaniThis book summarizes recent advances in the fabrication methods, properties, and applications of various ceramic-filled polymer matrix composites. Surface-modification methods and chemical functionalization of the ceramic fillers are explored in detail, and the outstanding thermal and mechanical properties of polymer–ceramic composites, the modeling of some of their thermal and mechanical parameters, and their major potential applications are discussed along with detailed examples. Aimed at researchers, industry professionals, and advanced students working in materials science and engineering, this work offering a review of a vast number of references in the polymer–ceramic field, this work helps readers easily advance their research and understanding of the field.
Polymer and Composite Rheology
by Rakesh K. GuptaAn analysis of polymer and composite rheology. This second edition covers flow properties of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, and general principles and applications of all phases of polymer rheology, with new chapters on the rheology of particulate and fibre composites. It also includes new and expanded detail on polymer blends and emulsions,
Polymer and Photonic Materials Towards Biomedical Breakthroughs (Micro- And Opto-electronic Materials, Structures, And Systems Ser.)
by Jasper Van Hoorick Heidi Ottevaere Hugo Thienpont Peter Dubruel Sandra Van VlierbergheThis book offers a complete overview of photonic-enhanced materials from material development to a final photonic biomedical application. It includes fundamental, applied, and industrial photonics. The authors cover synthesis, the modification and the processing of a variety of (bio)polymers including thermoplasts (e.g. polyesters) and hydrogels (e.g. proteins and polysaccharides) for a plethora of applications in the field of optics and regenerative medicine.
Polymer and Polymer-Hybrid Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Biomedical Applications
by Stanislav Rangelov Asterios PispasPolymeric and hybrid nanoparticles have received increased scientific interest in terms of basic research as well as commercial applications, promising a variety of uses for nanostructures in fields including bionanotechnology and medicine. Condensing the relevant research into a comprehensive reference, Polymer and Polymer-Hybrid Nanoparticles: Fr