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Reuse of Sludge and Minor Wastewater Residuals
by Alice Outwater Berrin TanselStarting with sludge and scum characterization, this practical guide provides least cost methods of improving sludge quality, options for beneficial reuse, the costs of implementing those options, and case studies of sludge reuse programs around the country. From the pitfalls of site selection to pairing sludge products with their markets, this is a comprehensive resource for anyone working to establish a successful sludge reuse program. Each sludge processing option is presented in depth, including costs, operational difficulties, odor control, and application of the sludge product. The land application of liquid sludge, traditional and innovative methods of natural and mechanical dewatering, and lime stabilization processes are covered in detail. Composting options including aerated static pile composting, vermicomposting, windrow composting, and in-vessel composting are investigated. Sludge pelletizing processes and innovative technologies for sludge reuse are discussed, along with the Part 503 regulations.
Reusing Online Resources: A Sustainable Approach to E-learning (Advancing Technology Enhanced Learning)
by Allison LittlejohnTo improve the cost effectiveness and sustainability of e-learning, many national and international initiatives are pioneering new ways in which educators can share their curricula with teachers and learners around the world. To enable this global sharing, educators must learn to design, manage and implement reusable electronic educational resources. This unique book outlines approaches to sharing and reusing resources for e-learning. Drawing upon research by 30 prominent scholars from seven countries, the authors offer multiple perspectives from school, continuing and higher education as well as industry. It is essential reading for those implementing e-learning in education and corporate training, including teachers, trainers, academics, educational developers and support staff as well as senior managers.
Reusing Open Resources: Learning in Open Networks for Work, Life and Education (Advancing Technology Enhanced Learning)
by Allison Littlejohn Chris PeglerEvery day, learners use and reuse open, digital resources for learning. Reusing Open Resources offers a vision of the potential of these open, online resources to support learning. The book follows on from Reusing Online Resources: A Sustainable Approach to E-learning. At that time focus was on the creation, release and reuse of digital learning resources modeled on educational materials. Since then the open release of resources and data has become mainstream, rather than specialist, changing societal expectations around resource reuse. Social and professional learning networks are now routine places for the exchange of online knowledge resources that are shared, manipulated and reused in new ways, opening opportunities for new models of business, research and learning. The goal of this book is to extend the debate of how open, online resources might support learning across diverse contexts. Twenty-four distinguished experts from nine countries distributed across Europe and North America contribute empirical evidence and ideas. Collectively they provide a vision of the potential of open, online resources to support learning across everyday contexts of education, work and life.
Revealing Hybrid DC-DC Converters (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)
by Rui Paulo Martins Mo HuangThis book provides an in-depth introduction to hybrid DC-DC converters, which integrate both inductors and capacitors for high efficiency and high power density. These converters address the demands of applications like high-performance computing and automotive electronics. While numerous hybrid converter combinations have been explored in recent research, this book guides readers in selecting the optimal topology for a specific application. This book provides an incisive understanding of hybrid converters, revealing their underlying design philosophy. The authors present multiple examples of popular hybrid converters, tracing their evolution from simple, fundamental transformer models while highlighting their benefits and limitations. Furthermore, the book includes design guidelines for inventing new hybrid converters.
Revealing New Worlds: Three Victorian Women Naturalists
by Suzanne Le-May SheffieldThe story of nineteenth-century science often tells a tale of a masculinized professionalizing domain. Scientific man increasingly pushed women out, marginalized them and constructed them as naturally feminine creatures incapable of intellectual work, particularly scientific work. Yet many women participated in various scientific endeavours throughout the century. This work asks why, when the waters were so inviting, did women dive deeply into the swirling maelstrom of scientific practice, scientific controversies and scientific writing? Victorian women certainly recognised that male naturalists were not always willing to welcome them warmly into their inner sanctum of scientific work honour and prestige. Moreover, they recognised the existence of a more general social stigma that thwarted any woman's participation in intellectual endeavours. However, their fascination with algology, botany and entomology led Margaret Gatty, Marianne North and Eleanor Ormerod to reach beyond acceptable gendered roles, to undertake field work, to paint, write, popularize, experiment and discover. Each exhibited a passion for their chosen field, a need for intellectual, artistic and scientific work, and a desire for scientific recognition and renown. This book examines the ability of women to understand themselves and respond to their needs as complex human beings. Within a framework of socially and scientifically constructed norms, these Victorial women use d science as a path to self-awareness and intellectual accomplishment.
Revealing the Invisible Mine: Social Complexities of an Undeveloped Mining Project (Pacific Perspectives: Studies of the European Society for Oceanists #8)
by Emilia SkrzypekExploring the social complexities of the Frieda River Project in Papua New Guinea, this book tells the story of local stakeholder strategies on the eve of industrial development, told largely from the perspective of the Paiyamo - one of the project’s so-called ‘impact communities’. Engaging ideas of knowledge, belief and personhood, it explains how fifty years of encounters with exploration companies shaped the Paiyamo’s aspirations, made them revisit and re-examine their past, and develop new strategies to move towards a better, more prosperous future.
Revenue Assurance: Expert Opinions for Communications Providers
by Eric PriezkalnsThis cutting-edge reference represents a new phase in the talkRA project-an initiative dedicated to improving the discipline of revenue assurance (RA) for communication providers. From blog to podcasts and now a book, the project offers a platform for a select group of RA experts to share ideas and best practices in revenue assurance, revenue manag
Revenue Management and Pricing Analytics (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science #279)
by Guillermo Gallego Huseyin Topaloglu“There is no strategic investment that has a higher return than investing in good pricing, and the text by Gallego and Topaloghu provides the best technical treatment of pricing strategy and tactics available.” Preston McAfee, the J. Stanley Johnson Professor, California Institute of Technology and Chief Economist and Corp VP, Microsoft.“The book by Gallego and Topaloglu provides a fresh, up-to-date and in depth treatment of revenue management and pricing. It fills an important gap as it covers not only traditional revenue management topics also new and important topics such as revenue management under customer choice as well as pricing under competition and online learning. The book can be used for different audiences that range from advanced undergraduate students to masters and PhD students. It provides an in-depth treatment covering recent state of the art topics in an interesting and innovative way. I highly recommend it." Professor Georgia Perakis, the William F. Pounds Professor of Operations Research and Operations Management at the Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. “This book is an important and timely addition to the pricing analytics literature by two authors who have made major contributions to the field. It covers traditional revenue management as well as assortment optimization and dynamic pricing. The comprehensive treatment of choice models in each application is particularly welcome. It is mathematically rigorous but accessible to students at the advanced undergraduate or graduate levels with a rich set of exercises at the end of each chapter. This book is highly recommended for Masters or PhD level courses on the topic and is a necessity for researchers with an interest in the field.” Robert L. Phillips, Director of Pricing Research at Amazon“At last, a serious and comprehensive treatment of modern revenue management and assortment optimization integrated with choice modeling. In this book, Gallego and Topaloglu provide the underlying model derivations together with a wide range of applications and examples; all of these facets will better equip students for handling real-world problems. For mathematically inclined researchers and practitioners, it will doubtless prove to be thought-provoking and an invaluable reference.” Richard Ratliff, Research Scientist at Sabre “This book, written by two of the leading researchers in the area, brings together in one place most of the recent research on revenue management and pricing analytics. New industries (ride sharing, cloud computing, restaurants) and new developments in the airline and hotel industries make this book very timely and relevant, and will serve as a critical reference for researchers.” Professor Kalyan Talluri, the Munjal Chair in Global Business and Operations, Imperial College, London, UK.
Reverberation Chambers (RCs) - Applications in Antennas and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Measurements
by Yi Huang Stephen J. BoyesThis book covers important and timely issues in Reverberation Chambers (RCs) and their applications to EMC and Antenna measurements. Developed specifically for university students, researchers, practicing industrial engineers and designers who work with antennas in radio frequency (RF) engineering, EMC, radar, and radio communications. This book will provide the reader with a firm theoretical and practical understanding of the RCs operation, allowing them to undertake practical antenna and EMC measurement work with confidence and accuracy. The book is built on many years of research by the authors that encompass many of the new advances in antenna design.
Reverse Clustering: Formulation, Interpretation and Case Studies (Studies in Computational Intelligence #957)
by Janusz Kacprzyk Sławomir Zadrożny Jan W. Owsiński Jarosław Stańczak Karol OparaThis book presents a new perspective on and a new approach to a wide spectrum of situations, related to data analysis, actually, a kind of a new paradigm. Namely, for a given data set and its partition, whose origins may be of any kind, the authors try to reconstruct this partition on the basis of the data set given, using very broadly conceived clustering procedure. The main advantages of this new paradigm concern the substantive aspects of the particular cases considered, mainly in view of the variety of interpretations, which can be assumed in the framework of the paradigm. Due to the novel problem formulation and the flexibility in the interpretations of this problem and its components, the domains, which are encompassed (or at least affected) by the potential use of the paradigm, include cluster analysis, classification, outlier detection, feature selection, and even factor analysis as well as geometry of the data set. The book is useful for all those who look for new, nonconventional approaches to their data analysis problems.
Reverse Engineering in Control Design
by Daniel AlazardReverse Engineering in Control Design proposes practical approaches to building a standard H-infinity problem taking into account an initial controller. Such approaches allow us to mix various control objectives and to initialize procedures for a fixed-structure controller design. They are based on the Observer-Based Realization (OBR) of controllers. The interest of OBR from the controller implementation point of view is detailed and highlighted in this book through academic examples. An open-source toolbox is available to implement these approaches in Matlab®. Throughout the book academic applications are proposed to illustrate the various basic principles. These applications have been chosen by the author for their pedagogic contents and demo files and embedded Matlab® functions can be downloaded so readers can run these illustrations on their personal computers. Contents 1. Observer-based Realization of a Given Controller. 2. Cross Standard Form and Reverse Engineering. 3. Reverse Engineering for Mechanical Systems. Appendix 1. A Preliminary Methodological Example. Appendix 2. Discrete-time Case. Appendix 3. Nominal State-feedback for Mechanical Systems. Appendix 4. Help of Matlab® Functions. About the Authors Daniel Alazard is Professor in System Dynamics and Control at Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l’Espace (ISAE), Toulouse, France – SUPAERO Graduate Program. His main research interests concern robust control, flexible structure control and their applications to various aerospace systems.
Reverse Engineering of Algebraic Inequalities: Exploring New Physical Realities and Optimizing Products and Processes
by Michael T. TodinovThe second edition of Reverse Engineering of Algebraic Inequalities is a comprehensively updated new edition demonstrating the exploration of new physical realities in various unrelated domains of human activity through reverse engineering of algebraic inequalities.This book introduces a groundbreaking method for generating new knowledge in science and technology that relies on reverse engineering of algebraic inequalities. By using this knowledge, the purpose is to optimize systems and processes in diverse fields such as mechanical engineering, structural engineering, physics, electrical engineering, reliability engineering, risk management and economics. This book will provide the reader with methods to enhance the reliability of systems in total absence of knowledge about the reliabilities of the components building the systems; to develop light-weight structures with very big materials savings; to develop structures with very big load-bearing capacity; to enhance process performance and decision-making; to obtain new useful physical properties; and to correct serious flaws in the current practice for predicting system reliability.This book will greatly benefit professionals and mathematical modelling researchers working on optimising processes and systems in diverse disciplines. It will also benefit undergraduate students introduced to mathematical modelling, post-graduate students and post-doctoral researchers working in the area of mathematical modelling, mechanical engineering, reliability engineering, structural engineering, risk management, and engineering design..
Reverse Engineering of Ancient Metals
by Patricia Silvana CarrizoThis book examines archaeometallurgy and the preservation of ancient materials for cultural heritage. Through understanding the internal structures of relevant ancient materials, their chemical composition, resistance, hardness, etc., their conservation can be more effectively addressed. Preserving cultural artifacts, such as those from border sites, funerary contexts (burials), railway lines, ceremonial sites and road infrastructure, is necessary to provide perspective to a culture’s trajectory. This book addresses how Reverse Engineering can disseminate knowledge of a culture’s heritage by offering technology that can help restore artifacts so they may be displayed and utilized as educational objects.
Reverse Engineering of Regulatory Networks (Methods in Molecular Biology #2719)
by Sudip MandalThis volume details the development of updated dry lab and wet lab based methods for the reconstruction of Gene regulatory networks (GRN). Chapters guide readers through culprit genes, in-silico drug discovery techniques, genome-wide ChIP-X data, high-Throughput Transcriptomic Data Exome Sequencing, Next-Generation Sequencing, Fuorescence Spectroscopy, data analysis in Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and S-system based modeling of GRN. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Reverse Engineering of Regulatory Networks aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.
Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques
by Anil K. Bhowmick Saikat Das Gupta Rabindra Mukhopadhyay Krishna C. BaranwalReverse engineering is widely practiced in the rubber industry. Companies routinely analyze competitors' products to gather information about specifications or compositions. In a competitive market, introducing new products with better features and at a faster pace is critical for any manufacturer. Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products: Concepts,
Reverse Engineering: Technology of Reinvention
by Wego WangThe process of reverse engineering has proven infinitely useful for analyzing Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) components to duplicate or repair them, or simply improve on their design. A guidebook to the rapid-fire changes in this area, Reverse Engineering: Technology of Reinvention introduces the fundamental principles, advanced methodologie
Reverse Osmosis
by Jane KuceraREVERSE OSMOSIS Reverse osmosis (RO) is the world’s leading demineralization technology. It is used to provide clean water for potable and ultrapure uses as well as to treat wastewater for recycle or reuse. Regardless of the application or industry, the basics of RO are the same. This book provides the reader with in-depth knowledge about RO basics for any application. This third edition is completely updated, still covering the basics of RO but with new insights as to how to optimize performance. Sections of the book cover the history of RO, membrane and transport model development, pretreatment to minimize membrane deposition and damage, effective cleaning and troubleshooting methods, and data collection and analysis. A new section was added that provides detail about RO and water sustainability. Alternative membrane materials and high-recovery RO are some of the topics included in this new section. Topics are presented in clear and concise language with enough depth to enhance comprehension. The reader will walk away with a new understanding of the topics covered in the book, thereby enabling them to optimize their own RO systems. Engineers and consultants will be able to design or troubleshoot RO systems more effectively. This book is the complete and definitive guide to RO for all persons concerned with RO systems.
Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 1: Planning, Process Design and Engineering – A Manual for Study and Practice
by Heinz LudwigSeawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the dominant desalination process worldwide for obtaining fresh water from the sea. The subject matter and scope of this book is the conceptual and advanced planning, design and engineering of plants of this desalination process together with the associated facilities for seawater pretreatment, post-treatment of the product water, wastewater treatment, seawater extraction and plant discharge.The book is intended to be used by technicians, engineers, economists and ecologists in the planning, design and operation of SWRO plants, as an educational and training tool, as well as an aid in environmental licensing of membrane desalination plants, and by interested laypersons for information about this process.The two volumes are also available as a set.
Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2: Planning, Process Design and Engineering – A Manual for Study and Practice
by Heinz LudwigSeawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the dominant desalination process worldwide for obtaining fresh water from the sea. The subject matter and scope of this book is the conceptual and advanced planning, design and engineering of plants of this desalination process together with the associated facilities for seawater pretreatment, post-treatment of the product water, wastewater treatment, seawater extraction and plant discharge.The book is intended to be used by technicians, engineers, economists and ecologists in the planning, design and operation of SWRO plants, as an educational and training tool, as well as an aid in environmental licensing of membrane desalination plants, and by interested laypersons for information about this process.The two volumes are also available as a set.
Reverse Osmosis: A Guide for the Nonengineering Professional
by Frank R. SpellmanFor the Nonengineering ProfessionalPerfect for anyone without a background in science or engineering who wants to take a closer look at how water is processed and treated, Reverse Osmosis: A Guide for the Nonengineering Professional relates reverse osmosis in its most basic form and addresses growing concerns about the quality of tap water. What is
Reverse Osmosis: Design, Processes, and Applications for Engineers
by Jane KuceraThis new edition of the bestselling Reverse Osmosis is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the process of reverse osmosis in industrial applications, a technology that is becoming increasingly more important as more and more companies choose to "go green." <P><P>This book covers all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot reverse osmosis systems, from the fundamental principles of reverse osmosis technology and membranes to the much more advanced engineering principles necessary for designing a reverse osmosis system. The second edition is an enhanced version of the original best seller. Each chapter has been reviewed and updated. Revised features include more detail on various pretreatment techniques such as greensand and pyrolusite pretreatment media. The design projection chapter has been edited to include up-to-date information on current projection programs. A new section on microbial fouling control featuring chlorine and alternative techniques is included to address the needs of most RO systems. Also, a discussion on forward osmosis is added as an alternative and/or companion technology to reverse osmosis for water treatment. The second edition includes all updated, basic, in-depth information for design, operation, and optimization of reverse osmosis systems. Earlier chapters cover the basic principles, the history of reverse osmosis, basic terms and definitions, and essential equipment. The book then goes into pretreatment processes and system design, then, finally, operations and troubleshooting. The author includes a section on the impact of other membrane technologies and even includes a "Frequently Asked Questions" chapter.
Reverse Phase Protein Arrays: From Technical and Analytical Fundamentals to Applications (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1188)
by Lance A. Liotta Tesshi Yamada Satoshi S. Nishizuka Gordon B. MillsThis book provides practical guidance on all aspects of reverse phase protein array (RPPA) technology, which permits the quantification of protein levels in cell or tissue lysates. In addition, the latest results are presented from laboratories across the world where experts are successfully running the challenging RPPA data platform. After an introductory chapter by the inventor of the RPPA technique, the demanding task of lysate preparation is explained. Subsequent chapters review printing platforms and analytical platforms and discuss antibody screening in detail. The role of RPPA data in integrative analyses is thoroughly examined, and the various applications of RPPA, for example to identify molecular targeting drugs or evaluate cancer drug efficacy, are discussed with reference to the latest knowledge. It is hoped that the book will foster the implementation of RPPA by documenting the practical details of the technology and by revealing its great potential. It will be of high value for researchers who plan to build an RPPA platform in their institute and for researchers, clinicians, and companies who use RPPA through collaboration with an existing RPPA facility.
Reverse Supply Chains: Issues and Analysis
by Surendra M. GuptaWinner of IIE Book of the Month, December 2013The introduction of reverse supply chains has created many challenges in network design, transportation, selection of used products, selection and evaluation of suppliers, performance measurement, marketing-related issues, end-of-life (EOL) alternative selection, remanufacturing, disassembly, and produc
Reversibility and Universality: Essays Presented To Kenichi Morita On The Occasion Of His 70th Birthday (Emergence, Complexity And Computation Ser. #30)
by Andrew AdamatzkyThis book is a tribute to Kenichi Morita’s ideas and achievements in theoretical computer science, reversibility and computationally universal mathematical machines. It offers a unique source of information on universality and reversibility in computation and is an indispensable book for computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and engineers. Morita is renowned for his works on two-dimensional language accepting automata, complexity of Turing machines, universality of cellular automata, regular and context-free array grammars, and undecidability. His high-impact works include findings on parallel generation and parsing of array languages by means of reversible automata, construction of a reversible automaton from Fredkin gates, solving a firing squad synchronization problem in reversible cellular automata, self-reproduction in reversible cellular spaces, universal reversible two-counter machines, solution of nondeterministic polynomial (NP) problems in hyperbolic cellular automata, reversible P-systems, a new universal reversible logic element with memory, and reversibility in asynchronous cellular automata.Kenichi Morita’s achievements in reversibility, universality and theory of computation are celebrated in over twenty high-profile contributions from his colleagues, collaborators, students and friends. The theoretical constructs presented in this book are amazing in their diversity and depth of intellectual insight, addressing: queue automata, hyperbolic cellular automata, Abelian invertible automata, number-conserving cellular automata, Brownian circuits, chemical automata, logical gates implemented via glider collisions, computation in swarm networks, picture arrays, universal reversible counter machines, input-position-restricted models of language acceptors, descriptional complexity and persistence of cellular automata, partitioned cellular automata, firing squad synchronization algorithms, reversible asynchronous automata, reversible simulations of ranking trees, Shor’s factorization algorithms, and power consumption of cellular automata.
Reversible Steganography and Authentication via Transform Encoding (Studies in Computational Intelligence #901)
by Jyotsna Kumar MandalThis book focuses on reversible steganography and authentication via transform encoding, fully discussing in detail the reversibility computation of six transformation techniques: DFT, DCT, wavelets, Z, binomial and grouplet, as well as chaos-based authentication. The book also describes algorithmic approaches based on all transformations along with implementation details and results. Further topics include embedding and extraction into the spatial domain, tuning using GA-based approaches and embedding into imaginary coefficients of the Z domain. Featuring detailed algorithms for encryption and descriptions of all techniques, including embedding techniques for all transform-based steganographic processes, the book also explores the adjustment of pixel values after embedding and presents numerical examples of reversible computations. In the context of chaos-based authentication, it also describes testing the quality of generator is using Monobit, Serial and Poker tests. The book then outlines 15 test cases recommended by NIST fifteen test cases, along with their implementation on six evolutionary algorithms for neural cryptographic systems in the context of wireless computations – TPM, KSOMSCT, DHLPSCT, CHDLPSCT, CTHLPSCT and CGTHLPSCT – and verifies their satisfiability based on the implementations of these six techniques. Lastly it presents various metrics of image processing systems. This book is a valuable reference resource for research scholars, PG/UG students and practicing engineers