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Resistive Switching: Oxide Materials, Mechanisms, Devices and Operations (Electronic Materials: Science & Technology)
by Jennifer Rupp Daniele Ielmini Ilia ValovThis book provides a broad examination of redox-based resistive switching memories (ReRAM), a promising technology for novel types of nanoelectronic devices, according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, and the materials and physical processes used in these ionic transport-based switching devices. It covers defect kinetic models for switching, ReRAM deposition/fabrication methods, tuning thin film microstructures, and material/device characterization and modeling. A slate of world-renowned authors address the influence of type of ionic carriers, their mobility, the role of the local and chemical composition and environment, and facilitate readers’ understanding of the effects of composition and structure at different length scales (e.g., crystalline vs amorphous phases, impact of extended defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries). ReRAMs show outstanding potential for scaling down to the atomic level, fast operation in the nanosecond range, low power consumption, and non-volatile storage. The book is ideal for materials scientists and engineers concerned with novel types of nanoelectronic devices such as memories, memristors, and switches for logic and neuromorphic computing circuits beyond the von Neumann concept.
Resistivity Recovery in Fe and FeCr alloys
by Begoña Gómez-FerrerThis book covers the Resistivity Recovery (RR) technique, underlying its physical principles, performance and problematic. A concise review on the state of the art is provided, showing the advances in radiation modelling, linking both experimental and theoretical fields. The reader will find a data compilation and comparison of up-to-date results obtained from the European Fusion Development Agreement model alloys.
Resistor-based Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)
by Sining Pan Kofi A.A. MakinwaThis book describes the background, principles, implementations, characterization, and future trends of temperature sensors made from silicon resistors in CMOS technology, including their readout circuits. Readers will benefit from the latest research of CMOS temperature sensors, and could learn about various precision analog techniques such as phase detection, continuous-time ΔΣ ADC, zoom ADC, FIR-DAC, dynamic element matching, OTA linearization, etc.
Resolving Water Conflicts Workbook (Social-Environmental Sustainability)
by Chris Maser Lynette De SilvaThis book works to build trust, consensus, and capacity to enhance understanding through a water conflict management framework designed to bolster collaborative skills. Built on case-studies analysis and hands-on real-life applications, it addresses issues of water insecurity of marginalized systems and communities, global water viability, institutional resilience, and the inclusion of faith-based traditions for climate action. The authors assess the complexities of climate challenges and explain how to create sustainable, effective, and efficient water approaches for an improved ecological and socioeconomic future within the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
Resonance Effects of Excitons and Electrons
by Dieter Suter Ion GeruThis book presents the various types of resonance effects on excitons, biexcitons and the local electronic centers (LEC) in solids, such as paramagnetic and paraelectric resonances on excitons, exciton acoustic resonance at intra- and interband transitions, radio-optical double resonance on excitons, hole-nuclear double resonance on localized biexcitons, ENDOR and acoustic ENDOR on LEC. The criteria for the generation of coherent photons, phonons and magnons by excitons are explained. The interactions of excitons and biexcitons with paramagnetic centers and nuclear spins, the indirect interaction between the PC through a field of excitons as well as the quasienergy spectrum of excitons and spin systems are discussed. It is proved that the interaction of paramagnetic centers with excitons increases the spin relaxation rate of paramagnetic centers in comparison with the case of their interaction with free carriers. The giant magneto-optical effects in semi-magnetic semiconductors are theoretically interpreted. In recent years, a new perspective has been added to these systems and their interactions: They can be used for storing and processing information in the form of quantum bits (qubits), the building blocks of quantum computers. The basics of this emerging technology are explained and examples of demonstration-type quantum computers based on localized spins in solids are discussed.
Resonant MEMS
by Gary K. Fedder Jan G. Korvink Osamu Tabata Fabien Josse Oliver Brand Isabelle Dufour Stephen Heinrich Christofer HieroldPart of the AMN book series, this book covers the principles, modeling and implementation as well as applications of resonant MEMS from a unified viewpoint. It starts out with the fundamental equations and phenomena that govern the behavior of resonant MEMS and then gives a detailed overview of their implementation in capacitive, piezoelectric, thermal and organic devices, complemented by chapters addressing the packaging of the devices and their stability. The last part of the book is devoted to the cutting-edge applications of resonant MEMS such as inertial, chemical and biosensors, fluid properties sensors, timing devices and energy harvesting systems.
Resonant Power Converters
by Marian K. Kazimierczuk Dariusz CzarkowskiThis book is devoted to resonant energy conversion in power electronics. It is a practical, systematic guide to the analysis and design of various dc-dc resonant inverters, high-frequency rectifiers, and dc-dc resonant converters that are building blocks of many of today's high-frequency energy processors. Designed to function as both a superior senior-to-graduate level textbook for electrical engineering courses and a valuable professional reference for practicing engineers, it provides students and engineers with a solid grasp of existing high-frequency technology, while acquainting them with a number of easy-to-use tools for the analysis and design of resonant power circuits. Resonant power conversion technology is now a very hot area and in the center of the renewable energy and energy harvesting technologies.
Resonant Scattering and Generation of Waves: Cubically Polarizable Layers (Mathematical Engineering Ser.)
by Lutz Angermann Vasyl V. YatsykThis monograph deals with theoretical aspects and numerical simulations of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with nonlinear materials. It focuses in particular on media with nonlinear polarization properties. It addresses the direct problem of nonlinear Electrodynamics, that is to understand the nonlinear behavior in the induced polarization and to analyze or even to control its impact on the propagation of electromagnetic fields in the matter. The book gives a comprehensive presentation of the results obtained by the authors during the last decade and put those findings in a broader, unified context and extends them in several directions.It is divided into eight chapters and three appendices. Chapter 1 starts from the Maxwell’s equations and develops a wave propagation theory in plate-like media with nonlinear polarizability. In chapter 2 a theoretical framework in terms of weak solutions is given in order to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the semilinear boundary-value problem derived in the first chapter. Chapter 3 presents a different approach to the solvability theory of the reduced frequency-domain model. Here the boundary-value problem is reduced to finding solutions of a system of one-dimensional nonlinear Hammerstein integral equations. Chapter 4 describes an approach to the spectral analysis of the linearized system of integral equations. Chapters 5 and 6 are devoted to the numerical approximation of the solutions of the corresponding mathematical models. Chapter 7 contains detailed descriptions, discussions and evaluations of the numerical experiments. Finally, chapter 8 gives a summary of the results and an outlook for future work.
Resonant Tunneling: Quantum Waveguides of Variable Cross-Section, Asymptotics, Numerics, and Applications (Lecture Notes on Numerical Methods in Engineering and Sciences)
by Lev Baskin Pekka Neittaanmäki Boris Plamenevskii Oleg SarafanovThis book studies electron resonant tunneling in two- and three-dimensional quantum waveguides of variable cross-sections in the time-independent approach. Mathematical models are suggested for the resonant tunneling and develop asymptotic and numerical approaches for investigating the models. Also, schemes are presented for several electronics devices based on the phenomenon of resonant tunneling. Compared to its first edition, this book includes four new chapters, redistributes the content between chapters and modifies the estimates of the remainders in the asymptotics of resonant tunneling characteristics. The book is addressed to mathematicians, physicists, and engineers interested in waveguide theory and its applications in electronics.
Resorbable Fiber-Forming Polymers for Biotextile Applications
by Chirag R. Gajjar Martin W. KingThis book summarizes the properties and applications of conventional and commercially available fiber-forming, bioresorbable polymers, as well as those currently under study, for use as biotextiles. Factors affecting the performance of these biomaterials are presented, and precautionary measures to reduce premature, hydrolytic degradation during manufacturing and processing are discussed. Because of the structural requirements of medical devices and the technological advancements in synthetic fibers and textile technology, the new field of "Biotextiles" has evolved to exploit the potential of various woven, knitted, braided and non-woven textile structures for biomedical applications. Textile substrates provide certain unique mechanical properties to the medical device and because of an inherently high level of porosity, they can encourage cell growth and promote migration and proliferation. Bioresorbable devices that assist in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues have in recent years replaced many of the permanent prosthetic devices. Thus, the topic of "Bioresorbable Biomaterials" generates much interest and research activity in the field of biomaterials science today. For this reason, the use of bioresorbable polymers as fibers is currently dominating the field of resorbable biomaterials for applications from sutures to tissue engineering scaffolds.
Resource Allocation and MIMO for 4G and Beyond
by Francisco Rodrigo Porto CavalcantiThis book will be a comprehensive collection of advanced concepts related to 4th generation wireless communication systems. It will be divided into two main parts: resource allocation and transceiver architectures. These two research areas are at the core of the recent advances experimented by wireless communication systems. Each chapter will cover a relevant, timely, topic with two focuses: a first part which is of tutorial and survey nature, reviews the state of the art in that topic, followed by a more deep treatment including current research topics, case studies and performance analysis.
Resource Allocation and Performance Optimization in Communication Networks and the Internet
by Liansheng TanThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to the underlying theory, design techniques and analytical results of wireless communication networks, focusing on the core principles of wireless network design. It elaborates the network utility maximization (NUM) theory with applications in resource allocation of wireless networks, with a central aim of design and the QoS guarantee. <P><P> It presents and discusses state-of-the-art developments in resource allocation and performance optimization in wireless communication networks. It provides an overview of the general background including the basic wireless communication networks and the relevant protocols, architectures, methods and algorithms.
Resource Allocation for OFDMA Systems (Wireless Networks)
by Chen Chen Xiang ChengThis book introduces the sources and historic collection campaigns of resource allocation in wireless communication systems. The unique characteristics of MIMO-OFDMA systems are thoroughly studied and summarized. Remarks on resource allocation and spectrum sharing are also presented, which demonstrate the great value of resource allocation techniques, but also introduce distinct challenges of resource allocation in MIMO-OFDMA systems. Novel resource allocation techniques for OFDMA Systems are surveyed from various applications (e.g., for unicast, or multicast with Guaranteed BER and Rate, subcarrier and power allocation with various detectors, low-complexity energyefficient resource allocation, etc.) in this book.Due to the high mobility and low latency requirements of 5G wireless communications, this book discusses how to deal with the imperfect CSI. It also discusses how to deal with e.g., throughput maximization, outage probabilities maximization and guarantee, energy efficiency, physical-layer security issues with feedback channel capacity constraints, in order to characterize and understand the applications of practical scenes.This book will target professionals & researchers working in the fields of Wireless Communications and Networking, Resource Allocation and Transmissions. Advanced-level students in electrical engineering and computer science will also find this book useful as a secondary textbook.
Resource Allocation for Software Defined Networks (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Dariusz GasiorThe book is devoted to the selected resource allocation problems in Software- Defined Networks. Moreover, it covers results concerning Software Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) which is one of the current networking hot topics. The variety of different cases is considered including virtualization and information-centric paradigm. For each case, the mathematical model together with the problem formulation is given and some solution algorithms are proposed. The algorithms are discussed and evaluated, mostly with simulations.
Resource Allocation in Backscatter-Assisted Communication Networks
by Xiaozheng Gao Kai Yang Dusit Niyato Shimin GongThis book investigates the resource allocation in backscatter-assisted communication networks. With the development of backscatter communications, integrating backscatter communication technology into traditional communication networks can improve the network performance significantly. To fully improve the performance of backscatter-assisted communication networks, resource allocation is of special importance. It is worth to mention that the resource allocation in backscatter-assisted communication networks is more challenging than that in traditional communication networks, and the tradeoff of the performance between backscatter communications and traditional communications needs to be carefully considered. In this book, considering that game theory is an attractive tool for developing and analyzing distributed, flexible, and autonomous networks, we develop the auction-based time scheduling schemes, contract-based time assignment scheme, and evolutionary game-based access point and service selection scheme for the backscatter-assisted radio-frequency-powered cognitive networks, where some important properties such as individual rationality are considered. We also employ the optimization approach and develop a relay mode selection and resource sharing scheme for backscatter-assisted hybrid relay networks to improve the throughput. We believe that the developed resource allocation schemes in this book can provide useful guidance for the design of backscatter-assisted communication networks and future Internet of Things. Graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field of communication networks can benefit from the book.
Resource Allocation in Decentralized Systems with Strategic Agents
by Ali KakhbodThis thesis presents a significant contribution to decentralized resource allocation problems with strategic agents. The study focused on three classes of problems arising in communication networks. (C1). Unicast service provisioning in wired networks. (C2). Multi-rate multicast service provisioning in wired networks. (C3). Power allocation and spectrum sharing in multi-user multi-channel wireless communication systems. Problems in (C1) are market problems; problems in (C2) are a combination of markets and public goods; problems in (C3) are public goods. Dr. Kakhbod developed game forms/mechanisms for unicast and multi-rate multicast service provisioning that possess specific properties. First, the allocations corresponding to all Nash equilibria (NE) of the games induced by the mechanisms are optimal solutions of the corresponding centralized allocation problems, where the objective is the maximization of the sum of the agents' utilities. Second, the strategic agents voluntarily participate in the allocation process. Third, the budget is balanced at the allocations corresponding to all NE of the game induced by the mechanism as well as at all other feasible allocations. For the power allocation and spectrum sharing problem, he developed a game form that possesses the second and third properties as detailed above along with a fourth property: the allocations corresponding to all NE of the game induced by the mechanism are Pareto optimal. The thesis contributes to the state of the art of mechanism design theory. In particular, designing efficient mechanisms for the class of problems that are a combination of markets and public goods, for the first time, have been addressed in this thesis. The exposition, although highly rigorous and technical, is elegant and insightful which makes this thesis work easily accessible to those just entering this field and will also be much appreciated by experts in the field.
Resource Allocation in Network Function Virtualization: Problems, Models and Algorithms
by Song Yang Nan He Fan Li Xiaoming FuNetwork Function Virtualization (NFV) has recently attracted considerable attention from both research and industrial communities. Numerous papers have been published regarding solving the resource- allocation problems in NFV, from various perspectives, considering different constraints, and adopting a range of techniques. However, it is difficult to get a clear impression of how to understand and classify different kinds of resource allocation problems in NFV and how to design solutions to solve these problems efficiently.This book addresses these concerns by offering a comprehensive overview and explanation of different resource allocation problems in NFV and presenting efficient solutions to solve them. It covers resource allocation problems in NFV, including an introduction to NFV and QoS parameters modelling as well as related problem definition, formulation and the respective state-of-the-art algorithms.This book allows readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of and deep insights into the resource allocation problems in NFV. It does so by exploring (1) the working principle and architecture of NFV, (2) how to model the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters in NFV services, (3) definition, formulation and analysis of different kinds of resource allocation problems in various NFV scenarios, (4) solutions for solving the resource allocation problem in NFV, and (5) possible future work in the respective area.
Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems: Optimal Solutions and Practical Implementations (IEEE Series on Digital & Mobile Communication #24)
by Elias Yaacoub Zaher DawyTackling problems from the least complicated to the most, Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems provides readers with a comprehensive look at resource allocation and scheduling techniques (for both single and multi-cell deployments) in uplink OFDMA wireless networks—relying on convex optimization and game theory to thoroughly analyze performance. Inside, readers will find topics and discussions on: Formulating and solving the uplink ergodic sum-rate maximization problem Proposing suboptimal algorithms that achieve a close performance to the optimal case at a considerably reduced complexity and lead to fairness when the appropriate utility is used Investigating the performance and extensions of the proposed suboptimal algorithms in a distributed base station scenario Studying distributed resource allocation where users take part in the scheduling process, and considering scenarios with and without user collaboration Formulating the sum-rate maximization problem in a multi-cell scenario, and proposing efficient centralized and distributed algorithms for intercell interference mitigation Discussing the applicability of the proposed techniques to state-of-the-art wireless technologies, LTE and WiMAX, and proposing relevant extensions Along with schematics and figures featuring simulation results, Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems is a valuable book for?wireless communications and cellular systems professionals and students.
Resource and Environmental Management
by Bruce MitchellThis book does an exceptional job in giving an understanding of change, complexity, uncertainty and conflict as well as their linkages, including awareness of strategies, methods and techniques to handle them relative to resource and environmental management. The text enhances the reader's capacity to conduct practice and conduct research in resource and environmental management.
Resource-Aware Data Fusion Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks
by Magdy Bayoumi Ahmed AbdelgawadThis book introduces resource-aware data fusion algorithms to gather and combine data from multiple sources (e.g., sensors) in order to achieve inferences. These techniques can be used in centralized and distributed systems to overcome sensor failure, technological limitation, and spatial and temporal coverage problems. The algorithms described in this book are evaluated with simulation and experimental results to show they will maintain data integrity and make data useful and informative. Describes techniques to overcome real problems posed by wireless sensor networks deployed in circumstances that might interfere with measurements provided, such as strong variations of pressure, temperature, radiation, and electromagnetic noise; Uses simulation and experimental results to evaluate algorithms presented and includes real test-bed; Includes case study implementing data fusion algorithms on a remote monitoring framework for sand production in oil pipelines.
Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling: Models, Algorithms, Extensions and Applications (Wiley-iste Ser.)
by Sophie Demassey Emmanuel Néron Christian ArtiguesThis title presents a large variety of models and algorithms dedicated to the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP), which aims at scheduling at minimal duration a set of activities subject to precedence constraints and limited resource availabilities. In the first part, the standard variant of RCPSP is presented and analyzed as a combinatorial optimization problem. Constraint programming and integer linear programming formulations are given. Relaxations based on these formulations and also on related scheduling problems are presented. Exact methods and heuristics are surveyed. Computational experiments, aiming at providing an empirical insight on the difficulty of the problem, are provided. The second part of the book focuses on several other variants of the RCPSP and on their solution methods. Each variant takes account of real-life characteristics which are not considered in the standard version, such as possible interruptions of activities, production and consumption of resources, cost-based approaches and uncertainty considerations. The last part presents industrial case studies where the RCPSP plays a central part. Applications are presented in various domains such as assembly shop and rolling ingots production scheduling, project management in information technology companies and instruction scheduling for VLIW processor architectures.
Resource Discovery, Navigability and Trust Management Techniques for IoT and SIoT
by Venugopal K R Roopa M S Santosh PattarA ready reference for the next-generation discovery techniques, this book presents advanced research findings on resource discovery, network navigability, and trust management on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Social Internet of Things (SIoT) ecosystems. It discusses the benefits of integrating social networking concepts into the Internet of Things to find the preferable, reliable, scalable, and near-optimal detection of things or services. It explores the concepts of the Social Internet of Things in different domains of IoT, such as the Internet of Vehicles and the Industrial Internet of Things. This book works to recognize and respond to user queries and improve service provisioning, find the optimal solution for the link selection in the SIoT structure, develop large-scale platforms, and provide a smart mechanism for trust evaluation.· Covers the rapid advancements in low-cost sensor manufacturing, communication protocols, embedded systems, actuators, and hardware miniaturization that have contributed to the exponential growth of the IoT· Presents the fundamentals of a search system for sensor search and resource discovery in an IoT ecosystem· Includes the applicability of different search techniques across several application domains of the IoT under various use case scenarios· Discusses the thrust areas in SIoT (service discovery and composition, network navigability, relationship management, and trustworthiness management) and presents several prerequisites, challenges, and use case scenarios· Provides insights into current challenges in the domains of Internet of Things and Social Internet of ThingsThis book will be helpful to researchers, scholars, and postgraduate students in Computer Science and Information Technology departments.
Resource-Driven Sustainable Bamboo Construction in Asia-Pacific Bamboo Areas (Green Energy and Technology)
by Zujian HuangThis book presents the new approach of resource-driven bamboo construction (RDBC), developing a clear assessment framework and operational solution to improve the value of resources and the sustainability of bamboo constructions. The book discusses how to carry out research on basic parameters and life cycle assessment, as well demonstrating the approach in practice. This book develops a sustainability assessment model for bamboo construction in Asia-Pacific bamboo areas to measure the effects and success of RDBC. It solves issues related to environmental impact, energy consumption, land cost, indoor comfort, construction durability, and sustainable material application of the bamboo constructions. It utilizes digital tools to perform statistical analysis on large sample conditions, enabling the method to be better implemented, and presents case studies of RDBC method in action. The large amount of data collected, method guidance, and demonstrations provide a comprehensive reference for those wishing to apply bamboo in the building industry. This book is particularly relevant to scientists, professionals, architects, civil engineers, and students who are interested in bamboo material and its application in building industry. It provides readers with a new perspective of the high-value utilization of bamboo forest resources and methods to achieve sustainable bamboo construction.
Resource Efficiency in Manufacturing Value Chains (Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management)
by Stefan Alexander BlumeThis book presents a concept for fostering resource efficient manufacturing. The protection of our environment demands a more responsible use of natural resources, and a higher degree of transparency along manufacturing value chains will be required in order to make significant advances in this context. Industrial decision makers must be provided with adequate methods and tools to simultaneously and systematically pursue technical, economic and environmental targets. Building on established and complementary methods, such as material and energy flow analysis (MEFA), value stream mapping (VSM), life cycle costing (LCC) and environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), this book introduces a concept that allows a holistic modeling and multi-dimensional performance assessment of manufacturing systems on different levels – from processes up to entire value chains and product life cycles. It also demonstrates the application of the concept using two case studies from the metal mechanic industry.
Resource Efficiency in Manufacturing Value Chains (Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management)
by Stefan Alexander BlumeThis book presents a concept for fostering resource efficient manufacturing. The protection of our environment demands a more responsible use of natural resources, and a higher degree of transparency along manufacturing value chains will be required in order to make significant advances in this context. Industrial decision makers must be provided with adequate methods and tools to simultaneously and systematically pursue technical, economic and environmental targets. Building on established and complementary methods, such as material and energy flow analysis (MEFA), value stream mapping (VSM), life cycle costing (LCC) and environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), this book introduces a concept that allows a holistic modeling and multi-dimensional performance assessment of manufacturing systems on different levels – from processes up to entire value chains and product life cycles. It also demonstrates the application of the concept using two case studies from the metal mechanic industry.