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Self-Assembly: From Surfactants to Nanoparticles (Wiley Series on Surface and Interfacial Chemistry)
by Ramanathan NagarajanAn introduction to the state-of-the-art of the diverse self-assembly systems Self-Assembly: From Surfactants to Nanoparticles provides an effective entry for new researchers into this exciting field while also giving the state of the art assessment of the diverse self-assembling systems for those already engaged in this research. Over the last twenty years, self-assembly has emerged as a distinct science/technology field, going well beyond the classical surfactant and block copolymer molecules, and encompassing much larger and complex molecular, biomolecular and nanoparticle systems. Within its ten chapters, each contributed by pioneers of the respective research topics, the book: Discusses the fundamental physical chemical principles that govern the formation and properties of self-assembled systems Describes important experimental techniques to characterize the properties of self-assembled systems, particularly the nature of molecular organization and structure at the nano, meso or micro scales. Provides the first exhaustive accounting of self-assembly derived from various kinds of biomolecules including peptides, DNA and proteins. Outlines methods of synthesis and functionalization of self-assembled nanoparticles and the further self-assembly of the nanoparticles into one, two or three dimensional materials. Explores numerous potential applications of self-assembled structures including nanomedicine applications of drug delivery, imaging, molecular diagnostics and theranostics, and design of materials to specification such as smart responsive materials and self-healing materials. Highlights the unifying as well as contrasting features of self-assembly, as we move from surfactant molecules to nanoparticles. Written for students and academic and industrial scientists and engineers, by pioneers of the research field, Self-Assembly: From Surfactants to Nanoparticles is a comprehensive resource on diverse self-assembly systems, that is simultaneously introductory as well as the state of the art.
Self-Cleaning Materials and Surfaces
by Dr Walid A. DaoudWith increasing demand for hygienic, self-disinfecting and contamination free surfaces, interest in developing self-cleaning protective materials and surfaces has grown rapidly in recent times. This new title comprises of invited chapters from renowned researchers in the area of self-cleaning nano-coatings and the result is a comprehensive review of current research on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic (photocatalytic effect) self-cleaning materials.
Self-Compacting Concrete (Wiley-iste Ser. #558)
by Ahmed LoukiliSelf-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a relatively new building material. Nowadays, its use is progressively changing the method of concrete placement on building sites. However, the successful use of SCC requires a good understanding of the behavior of this material, which is vastly different from traditional concrete. For this purpose, a lot of research has been conducted on this area all over the world since 10 years. Intended for both practitioners and scientists, this book provides research results from the rheological behavior of fresh concrete to durability.
Self-Driving Cars: The New Way Forward
by Michael FallonSelf-driving cars mark the next great shift in mass transportation. Learn about early attempts at self-driving technology, the benefits of driverless cars, controversies surrounding the new technology, innovations that make self-driving cars possible, and the industry's major players. This emerging "disruptive" technology has its roots in the work of engineers and futurists dating back decades. Author Michael Fallon traces how the software and hardware for self-driving vehicles developed through the years, including major milestones, notable misfires, and efforts from the public and private sectors. He also spotlights recent breakthroughs that have made self-driving vehicles viable on a mass scale, along with the public debate that these breakthroughs have created.
Self-Efficacy in Instructional Technology Contexts
by Charles B. HodgesThis edited volume contains reports of current research, and literature reviews of research, involving self-efficacy in various instructional technology contexts. The chapters represent international perspectives across the broad areas of K- 12 education, higher education, teacher self-efficacy, and learner self-efficacy to capture a diverse cross section of research on these topics. The book includes reviews of existing literature and reports of new research, thus creating a comprehensive resource for researchers and designers interested in this general topic. The book is especially relevant to students and researchers in educational technology, instructional technology, instructional design, learning sciences, and educational psychology.
Self-Healing Cementitious Materials: Technologies, Evaluation Methods, and Applications (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Ghasan Fahim Huseien Iman Faridmehr Mohammad Hajmohammadian BaghbanClimate change is anticipated to have a major impact on concrete structures through increasing rates of deterioration and the impact of extreme weather events. The repair of any damage will be highly labor-intensive and expensive. Self-healing cementitious materials can enable the construction industry to mitigate these effects and move toward greater sustainability, safety, and increased cost savings and efficiency. This book: Examines concrete structures based on various materials with self-repair capability and their implications for future use in sustainable projects. Discusses advantages and design strategies of self-healing concretes. Covers several effective and detailed self-repair methods, with comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Examines the use of various materials, including polymers and nanomaterials. Reviews factors affecting performance, properties, and applications. Delves into future directions and opportunities. Written for researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals, Self-Healing Cementitious Materials: Technologies, Evaluation Methods, and Applications offers a detailed view of an important emerging technology in materials science, civil engineering, and related fields.
Self-Healing Composites: Shape Memory Polymer Based Structures
by Guoqiang LiIn this book, the self-healing of composite structures with shape memory polymer as either matrix or embedded suture is systematically discussed. Self-healing has been well known in biological systems for many years: a typical example is the self-healing of human skin. Whilst a minor wound can be self-closed by blood clotting, a deep and wide cut needs external help by suturing. Inspired by this observation, this book proposes a two-step close-then-heal (CTH) scheme for healing wide-opened cracks in composite structures–by constrained shape recovery first, followed by molecular healing. It is demonstrated that the CTH scheme can heal wide-opened structural cracks repeatedly, efficiently, timely, and molecularly. It is believed that self-healing represents the next-generation technology and will become an engineering reality in the near future. The book consists of both fundamental background and practical skills for implementing the CTH scheme, with additional focus on understanding strain memory versus stress memory and healing efficiency evaluation under various fracture modes. Potential applications to civil engineering structures, including sealant for bridge decks and concrete pavements, and rutting resistant asphalt pavements, are also explored. This book will help readers to understand this emerging field, and to establish a framework for new innovation in this direction. Key features: explores potential applications of shape memory polymers in civil engineering structures, which is believed to be unique within the literature balanced testing and mathematical modeling, useful for both academic researchers and practitioners the self-healing scheme is based on physical change of polymers and is written in an easy to understand style for engineering professionals without a strong background in chemistry
Self-Healing Construction Materials: Fundamentals, Monitoring and Large Scale Applications (Engineering Materials and Processes)
by Antonios Kanellopoulos Jose Norambuena-ContrerasThis book provides a thorough overview of all techniques for producing self-healing construction materials. Construction materials (cement-based, bituminous, metals, and alloys) are prone to cracking, which with the progress of time can lead to compromising of the structural integrity of critical infrastructure. Self-healing materials form a new class of materials that have inbuilt engineered properties to counteract damage and repair it before it becomes critical. The methods for monitoring, modeling, and assessing self-healing are also reviewed. The final section of the book discusses the future outlook and potential extension of self-healing concepts to other materials (e.g., heritage structures and soils).
Self-Healing Nanotextured Vascular Engineering Materials (Advanced Structured Materials #105)
by Alexander L. Yarin Min Wook Lee Seongpil An Sam S. YoonThis book gives an overview of the existing self-healing nanotextured vascular approaches. Itdescribes the healing agents used in engineering self-healing materials as well as thefundamental physicochemical phenomena accompanying self-healing. This book also addressesthe different fabrication methods used to form core–shell nanofiber mats. The fundamentaltheoretical aspects of fracture mechanics are outlined. A brief theoretical description of cracksin brittle elastic materials is given and the Griffith approach is introduced. The fracturetoughness is described, including viscoelastic effects. Critical (catastrophic) and subcritical(fatigue) cracks and their growth are also described theoretically. The adhesion and cohesionenergies are introduced as well, and the theory of the blister test for the two limiting cases ofstiff and soft materials is developed. In addition, the effect of non-self-healing nanofiber matson the toughening of ply surfaces in composites is discussed. The book also presents a briefdescription of the electrochemical theory of corrosion crack growth. All the above-mentionedphenomena are relevant in the context of self-healing materials.
Self-Healing Polymers
by Wolfgang H. BinderThis self-contained reference, written by a team of renowned international authors adopt a didactical approach to systematically cover all important aspects of designing self-healing polymers from concepts to applications - transferring lessons learnt from nature to materials science. It is the first to discuss the chemical and physical concepts for self-healing polymers, including aspects of biomimetic processes of healing in nature and tissue regeneration. Chapters cover the design of self-healing polymers and explain the dynamics in these systems.Different self-healing concepts such as encapsulated systems and supramolecular systems are also included, with analysis and friction detection in self-healing polymers and on applications rounding off the whole.
Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites
by Ming Qiu Zhang Min Zhi RongA state-of-art guide on the interdisciplinary aspects of design, chemistry, and physical properties of bio-inspired self-healing polymers Inspired by the natural self-healing properties that exist in living organisms-for example, the regenerative ability of humans to heal from cuts and broken bones-interest in self-healing materials is gaining more and more attention. Addressing the broad advances being made in this emerging science, Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites incorporates fundamentals, theory, design, fabrication, characterization, and application of self-healing polymers and polymer composites to describe how to prepare self-healing polymeric materials, how to increase the speed of crack repair below room temperature, and how to broaden the spectrum of healing agent species. Some of the information readers will discover in this book include: Focus on engineering aspects and theoretical backgrounds of smart materials The systematic route for developing techniques and materials to advance the research and applications of self-healing polymers Integration of existing techniques and introduction of novel synthetic approaches and target-oriented materials design and fabrication Techniques for characterizing the healing process of polymers and applications of self-healing polymers and polymer composites Practical aspects of self-healing technology in various industrial fields, such as electronics, automotive, construction, chemical production, and engineering With this book, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of this emerging field, while new researchers will understand the framework necessary for innovating new self-healing solutions.
Self-Healing Structures, Machines, and Systems
by Dryver R. HustonThis book describes the behavior, underlying principles and design of self-healing materials, structures, machines, and systems. Self-healing is a ubiquitous phenomenon that appears in many systems ranging from the molecular scale up through to large macroscale systems and in domains ranging from materials such as self-healing polymers, to self-sealing tires, water distribution networks, and information systems, including control systems for damaged aircraft. Self-healing extends performance and endurance in ways that are just not possible otherwise. This book presents a unifying holistic approach to the operation and design of self-healing systems. It acts as a valuable reference for students, researchers, and engineers that are interested in understanding self-healing mechanisms and acquiring techniques to extend the performance and endurance of the structures, machines, and systems that they build, design, and study.Key Features: Describes the design, operating principles, manufacture and performance assessment of self-healing materials, structures, machines, and systems. Presents a unique holistic approach to the engineering and inclusion of self-healing into structures, machines, and systems. Topics covered includes materials, machines, vessels, structures, networks, and systems, with detailed discussions of polymers, concrete, machinery, pressure vessels, fuel tanks, knives, clothing, lasers, biohybrids, networks, and information systems.
Self-Healing Systems and Wireless Networks Management
by Junaid Ahsenali ChaudhryDo you believe in open-source development? Would you like to see your security system grow and learn by itself? Are you sick of paying for software license fees every year that produce little return on investment? And, would you prefer to invest in something you could sell later on to other IT security departments? If you answered yes to these ques
Self-Healing and Self-Recovering Hydrogels (Advances in Polymer Science #285)
by Oguz Okay Costantino CretonThis volume covers experimental and theoretical advances on the relationship between composition, structure and macroscopic mechanical properties of novel hydrogels containing dynamic bonds. The chapters of this volume focus on the control of the mechanical properties of several recently discovered gels with the design of monomer composition, chain architecture, type of crosslinking or internal structure. The gels discussed in the different chapters have in common the capability to dissipate energy upon deformation, a desired property for mechanical toughness, while retaining the ability to recover the properties of the virgin material over time or to self-heal when put back in contact after fracture. Some chapters focus on the synthesis and structural aspects while others focus on properties or modelling at the continuum or mesoscopic scale. The volume will be of interest to chemists and material scientists by providing guidelines and general structure-property considerations to synthesize and develop innovative gels tuned for applications. In addition it will provide physicists with a better understanding of the role of weak interactions between molecules and physical crosslinking on macroscopic dissipative properties and self-healing or self-recovering properties.
Self-Healing at the Nanoscale: Mechanisms and Key Concepts of Natural and Artificial Systems
by Vincenzo Amendola Moreno MeneghettiA complete panorama of self-healing strategies, Self-Healing at the Nanoscale: Mechanisms and Key Concepts of Natural and Artificial Systems focuses on the development of new nanoscale self-healing systems, from general concepts to physical chemical mechanisms. With a special emphasis on key concepts, strategies, and mechanisms at the atomic, molec
Self-Induced Fault of a Hydraulic Servo Valve: A Possible Cause for Hidden Malfunction of Aircraft’s Systems (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Taehun SeungThis report describes recent trouble-shooting results in aircraft engineering concerning a self-induced fault mechanism of a hydraulic servo-valve. It presents a possible root cause for past aircraft accidents and as such helps to avoid such malfunction and its fatal consequences in the future.
Self-Learning Control of Finite Markov Chains
by A.S. Poznyak Kaddour Najim E. Gomez-RamirezPresents a number of new and potentially useful self-learning (adaptive) control algorithms and theoretical as well as practical results for both unconstrained and constrained finite Markov chains-efficiently processing new information by adjusting the control strategies directly or indirectly.
Self-Lubricating Composites
by Pradeep K. Rohatgi Pradeep L. Menezes Emad OmraniIn most tribological applications, liquid or grease based lubricants are used to facilitate the relative motion of solid bodies to minimize friction and wear between interacting surfaces. The challenges for liquid lubricants arise in extreme environmental conditions, such as very high or low temperatures, vacuum, radiation, and extreme contact pressure. At these conditions, solid lubricants may be the alternative choice which can help to decrease friction and wear without incorporating liquid lubricants. Challenges with solid lubricants are to maintain a continuous supply of solid lubricants on the contact surfaces to act as lubricous layer between two sliding surfaces. Such a continuous supply of solid lubricant is more easily maintained in the case of liquid lubricants when compared to solid lubricants. The most innovative development to ensure a continuous supply of solid lubricant to the contact surface during sliding is to introduce solid lubricant as reinforcement into the matrix of one of the sliding components. Composite materials are engineered or naturally occurring materials which contain two or more distinct constituents with significantly different chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Composites consist of reinforcement and matrix (metal, polymer and ceramics). Among various reinforcements, recent emerging material, solid lubricant, is found to have many favorable attributes such as good self-lubricant property. Self‐lubrication is the ability of material to transfer embedded solid lubricants to the contact surface to decrease wear rate and friction in the absence of an external lubricant. Self-lubricating metal matrix composites (SLMMCs) are an important category of engineering materials that are increasingly replacing a number of conventional materials in the automotive, aerospace, and marine industries due to superior tribological properties. In SLMMCs, solid lubricant materials including carbonous materials, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) are embedded into the metal matrices as reinforcements to manufacture a novel material with attractive self-lubricating properties. Several studies have been investigated the tribological properties of self-lubricating materials. This book fills that gap to have a reference book about self-lubricating materials and their properties to help scientists, engineers, and industries. This book will try to discuss technically about self-lubricating materials and their properties and the applications for industries. The chapters will be written by authoritative expertise in the field. Additionally, this book will demonstrate fundamental study and most advanced innovations in self-lubricating materials as regards to friction and wear. The chapters also include tribological properties of composites and coatings and some practical application of self-lubricating materials.
Self-Lubricating Composites
by Pradeep K. Rohatgi Pradeep L. Menezes Emad OmraniIn most tribological applications, liquid or grease based lubricants are used to facilitate the relative motion of solid bodies to minimize friction and wear between interacting surfaces. The challenges for liquid lubricants arise in extreme environmental conditions, such as very high or low temperatures, vacuum, radiation, and extreme contact pressure. At these conditions, solid lubricants may be the alternative choice which can help to decrease friction and wear without incorporating liquid lubricants. Challenges with solid lubricants are to maintain a continuous supply of solid lubricants on the contact surfaces to act as lubricous layer between two sliding surfaces. Such a continuous supply is more easily maintained in the case of liquid lubricants when compared to solid lubricants. The most innovative development to ensure a continuous supply of solid lubricant to the contact surface during sliding is to introduce solid lubricant as reinforcement into the matrix of one of the sliding components. Composite materials are engineered or naturally occurring materials which contain two or more distinct constituents with significantly different chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Composites consist of reinforcement and matrix (metal, polymer and ceramics). Among various reinforcements, recent emerging material, solid lubricant, is found to have many favorable attributes such as good lubrication property. Self‐lubrication is the ability of a material to provide lubrication to the contact surface to decrease friction and wear rate in the absence of an external lubricant by transferring embedded solid lubricants in the composite to the interface. Self-lubricating composites (SLCs) are an important category of engineering materials that are increasingly replacing a number of conventional materials in the automotive, aerospace, and marine industries due to superior tribological properties. In SLCs, solid lubricant materials, including carbonous materials, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) are embedded into the matrices as reinforcements to manufacture a novel material with attractive self-lubricating properties. Several studies have been investigated the tribological properties of self-lubricating materials. This book fills that gap to have a reference book about self-lubricating materials and their properties to help scientists, engineers, and industries. This book discusses mechanisms of self-lubricating materials, self-lubricating properties and the applications for industries. The chapters will be written by authoritative expertise in the field. Additionally, this book will demonstrate fundamental study and most advanced innovations in self-lubricating materials as regards to friction and wear. The chapters also include tribological properties of composites and coatings and some practical applications of self-lubricating materials.
Self-Organization During Friction: Advanced Surface-Engineered Materials and Systems Design
by George E. Totten German S. Fox-RabinovichIn our present era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, new materials are poised to take center stage in dramatically improving friction and wear behavior under extreme conditions. Compiled by two eminent experts, Self-Organization During Friction: Advanced Surface-Engineered Materials and Systems Design details the latest advances and developments i
Self-Organization in Continuous Adaptive Networks (River Publishers Series In Information Science And Technology Ser.)
by Thilo Gross Anne-Ly DoIn the last years, adaptive networks have been discovered simultaneously in different fields as a universal framework for the study of self-organization phenomena. Understanding the mechanisms behind these phenomena is hoped to bring forward not only empirical disciplines such as biology, sociology, ecology, and economy, but also engineering disciplines seeking to employ controlled emergence in future technologies. This volume presents new analytical approaches, which combine tools from dynamical systems theory and statistical physics with tools from graph theory to address the principles behind adaptive self-organization. It is the first class of approaches that is applicable to continuous networks. The volume discusses the mechanisms behind three emergent phenomena that are prominently discussed in the context of biological and social sciences:• synchronization,• spontaneous diversification, and• self-organized criticality.Self-organization in continuous adaptive networks contains extended research papers. It can serve as both, a review of recent results on adaptive self-organization as well as a tutorial of new analytical methodsSelf-organization in continuous adaptive networks is ideal for academic staff and master/research students in complexity and network sciences, in engineering, physics and maths.
Self-Organized Arrays of Gold Nanoparticles
by Luca AnghinolfiThis thesis addresses the fabrication and investigation of the optical response of gold nanoparticle arrays supported on insulating LiF(110) nanopatterned substrates. Motivated by the discovery of the intriguing effects that arise when electromagnetic radiation interacts with metallic nanostructures, the thesis focuses on the application of bottom-up approaches to the fabrication of extended-area plasmonic nanostructures, and the optimization of their optical response. By developing a sophisticated effective-medium model and comparing the experimental findings with model calculations, the author explores the role of the interparticle electromagnetic coupling and array dimensionality on the collective plasmonic behavior of the array, giving insights into the physical mechanisms governing the optical response.
Self-Organized Lightwave Networks: Self-Aligned Coupling Optical Waveguides
by Tetsuzo YoshimuraThis book gives a solution to the problem of constructing lightwave paths in free spaces by proposing the concept of a Self-Organized Lightwave Network (SOLNET). This concept enables us to form self-aligned coupling optical waveguides automatically. SOLNETs are fabricated by self-focusing of lightwaves in photosensitive media, in which the refractive index increases upon light beam exposure, to realize the following functions: 1) Optical solder: Self-aligned optical couplings between misaligned devices with different core sizes 2) Three-dimensional optical wiring 3) Targeting lightwaves onto specific objects SOLNETs are expected to reduce the efforts to implement lightwaves into electronic systems and allow us to create new architectures, thus reducing costs and energy dissipation and improving overall system performance. SOLNETs are also expected to be applied to a wide range of fields where lightwaves are utilized, for example, solar energy conversion systems and biomedical technologies, especially photo-assisted cancer therapies. Readers will systematically learn concepts and features of SOLNETs, SOLNET performance predicted by computer simulations, experimental demonstrations for the proof of concepts, and expected applications. They will also be prepared for future challenges of the applications. This book is intended to be read by scientists, engineers, and graduate students who study advanced optoelectronic systems such as optical interconnects within computers and optical networking systems, and those who produce new ideas or strategies on lightwave-related subjects.
Self-Organized Organic Semiconductors
by Quan LiThis book focuses on the exciting topic on self-organized organic semiconductors - from materials to device applications. It offers up-to-date and accessible coverage of self-organized semiconductors for organic chemistry, polymer science, liquid crystals, materials science, material engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, optics, optic-electronics, nanotechnology and semiconductors. Chapters cover chemistry, physics, processing, and characterization. The applications include photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and transistors.
Self-Organized Quantum Dots for Memories
by Tobias NowozinToday's semiconductor memory market is divided between two types of memory: DRAM and Flash. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. While DRAM is fast but volatile, Flash is non-volatile but slow. A memory system based on self-organized quantum dots (QDs) as storage node could combine the advantages of modern DRAM and Flash, thus merging the latter's non-volatility with very fast write times. This thesis investigates the electronic properties of and carrier dynamics in self-organized quantum dots by means of time-resolved capacitance spectroscopy and time-resolved current measurements. The first aim is to study the localization energy of various QD systems in order to assess the potential of increasing the storage time in QDs to non-volatility. Surprisingly, it is found that the major impact of carrier capture cross-sections of QDs is to influence, and at times counterbalance, carrier storage in addition to the localization energy. The second aim is to study the coupling between a layer of self-organized QDs and a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), which is relevant for the read-out process in memory systems. The investigation yields the discovery of the many-particle ground states in the QD ensemble. In addition to its technological relevance, the thesis also offers new insights into the fascinating field of nanostructure physics.