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Shark Research: Emerging Technologies and Applications for the Field and Laboratory (CRC Marine Biology Series)
by Jeffrey C. Carrier, Michael R. Heithaus and Colin A. SimpfendorferOver the last decade, the study of shark biology has benefited from the development, refinement, and rapid expansion of novel techniques and advances in technology. These have given new insight into the fields of shark genetics, feeding, foraging, bioenergetics, imaging, age and growth, movement, migration, habitat preference, and habitat use. This pioneering book, written by experts in shark biology, examines technologies such as autonomous vehicle tracking, underwater video approaches, molecular genetics techniques, and accelerometry, among many others. Each detailed chapter offers new insights and promises for future studies of elasmobranch biology, provides an overview of appropriate uses of each technique, and can be readily extended to other aquatic fish and marine mammals and reptiles. Including chapter authors who were pioneers in developing some of the technologies discussed in the book, this book serves as the first single-source reference with in-depth coverage of techniques appropriate for the laboratory and field study of sharks, skates, and rays. It concludes with a unique section on Citizen Science and its application to studies of shark biology. This is a must-read for any marine biologist or scientist working in the field of shark biology, as well as marine biology students and graduates.
Sharkovsky Ordering (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Alexander M. Blokh Oleksandr M. SharkovskyThis book provides a comprehensive survey of the Sharkovsky ordering, its different aspects and its role in dynamical systems theory and applications. It addresses the coexistence of cycles for continuous interval maps and one-dimensional spaces, combinatorial dynamics on the interval and multidimensional dynamical systems. Also featured is a short chapter of personal remarks by O.M. Sharkovsky on the history of the Sharkovsky ordering, the discovery of which almost 60 years ago led to the inception of combinatorial dynamics. Now one of cornerstones of dynamics, bifurcation theory and chaos theory, the Sharkovsky ordering is an important tool for the investigation of dynamical processes in nature. Assuming only a basic mathematical background, the book will appeal to students, researchers and anyone who is interested in the subject.
Sharks Don't Sink: Adventures of a Rogue Shark Scientist
by Jasmin GrahamThe uplifting story of a young Black scientist&’s challenging journey to flourish outside the traditional confines of academia, inspired by her innate connection to nature&’s most misunderstood animal—the shark."Jasmin Graham has that winning combination of talent and grit needed to excel as a scientist. Every girl who wants to be a marine biologist should have this book." —Hope Jahren, New York Times bestselling author of Lab Girl and The Story of MoreSharks have been on this planet for over 400 million years, so there is a lot they can teach us about survival and adaptability. For example: how do sharks, which unlike other fish are denser than water, stay afloat? They keep moving. When Jasmin Graham, an award-winning young shark scientist, started to feel that the traditional path to becoming a marine biologist was pulling her under, she remembered this important lesson: keep moving forward.If navigating the choppy waters of traditional academic study was no longer worth it, then that meant creating an ocean of her own. Jasmin joined with three other Black women to form Minorities in Shark Sciences (MISS), an organization dedicated to providing support and opportunities for other young women of color. She became an independent researcher: a rogue shark scientist, seeking ways to keep these extraordinary endangered creatures swimming free—just like her.Sharks Don&’t Sink is a riveting, moving, and ultimately triumphant memoir at the intersection of science and social justice: a guidebook to how we can all learn to respect and protect some of nature&’s most misunderstood and vulnerable creatures—and grant the same grace to ourselves.
Sharp Focusing of Laser Light
by Victor V. Kotlyar Sergey S. Stafeev Anton NalimovReaders will learn in which ways light can be "confined" within a subwavelength region smaller than half a wavelength. Strictly within the focal spot, all degrees of freedom of light interact and manifest themselves in a dramatic way. The size and shape of the focal spot and the magnitude of side-lobes depend on the polarization state alongside phase and amplitude distributions of a light beam. Readers will learn techniques in which inhomogeneously (i.e., azimuthally and radially) polarized optical beams can be focused. In sharp focus, exotic phenomena can occur, including the negative propagation of light and a toroidal optical flow. Throughout the book, the numerical simulation is performed using the rigorous solution of Maxwell’s equations based on a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach, which makes the results of modeling highly reliable. The photonic components, including optical metasurfaces, discussed in the book have been implemented using state-of-the-art techniques of electron beam writing and reactive ion-beam etching of microrelief. Two chapters are concerned with photonics hot spots, which deal with the control of light by means of optical metasurfaces and the generation of an energy backflow in the region of sharp focus of a laser beam. Another hot topic is diffractive polarization converters implemented as subwavelength diffraction gratings to convert polarization of light. By way of illustration, such converters are shown to perform linear-to-radial or linear-to-azimuthal polarization conversion. The book describes advanced photonic components fabricated by the authors to perform sharp focusing of light, including binary zone plates, binary axicons, a planar photonic crystal lens, diffraction polarization converters, and metalenses. This book is a must-have for individuals and institutions studying cutting edge optics.
Shattered
by Teri TerryThe riveting finale of the Slated trilogy-- a thought-provoking psychological thriller set in a disturbingly plausible future where the government and its enemies compete to control the minds of the young Kyla is in danger from both the government Lorders who erased her memory and the terrorists who tried to use her. So now she's on the run. Sporting a new identity and desperate to fill in the blank spaces of her life pre-Slating, Kyla heads to a remote mountain town to try to reunite with the birth mother she was kidnapped from as a child. There she is hoping all the pieces of her life will come together and she can finally take charge of her own future. But even in the idyllic wilderness and the heart of her original family, Kyla realizes there is no escape from the oppressive Lorders. Someone close to her may be one of them, and even more frighteningly, her birth mother has been keeping secrets of her own. In this stunning series finale, Kyla finally finds out who she really is--and the road to this discovery, and to deciding who she wants to become, is full of dangerous twists and turns that will keep readers riveted. Praise for the Slated trilogy: "Even if you're sick of teenage dystopias, this paranoid mind-wiping novel will thrill you."--io9 "A refreshing change from the often overly naïve heroines of recent YA science fiction. . . . Stands out from the dystopian pack. . . . Readers will anxiously await sequels to come."--The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books "Terry's world is remarkably like today's. . . . The romance and politics keep suspense ratcheted up. . . . Intriguing--readers will be on tenterhooks for the next one."--Kirkus Reviews "A suspenseful page-turner with a highly sympathetic and strong female protagonist. A perverse sense of claustrophobic dread grows throughout the novel. . . . Will have readers waiting eagerly for a sequel."--Booklist
Shear Behavior of Composite Soils
by Yanrong LiThis book has the purpose of developing an understanding of the factors determining and influencing the shear behavior of soils, with emphasis on composite soils, as they are the most encountered materials in geological and geotechnical engineering in mountainous areas. This objective is reached by examining the soil compressibility, structure of shear zone and its evolution, and water content of shear zone and shear mode of soils together with analyses of the influences of intrinsic properties, e.g. Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, particle shape, and testing conditions, e.g. normal stress and shearing rate. An in-depth review is presented in an approximately chronological order and covers almost all the factors that are believed to influence the mechanical behavior of soils. The equipment and test techniques for shear strength of soils are detailed. The residual shear behavior of composite soil is investigated by means of a systematic laboratory testing program using a large ring shear apparatus and an intermediate direct shear box. The Fast Fourier Transform is employed for the first time to analyze the fluctuations of measured shearstress and discovers the close relationships with both intrinsic properties of soils and testing conditions. Although the book is aimed primarily at researchers in geological and geotechnical engineering, it contains material of interest to students of geology and soil science and also should be a useful reference for practicing engineers faced with composite soils.
Shear Behaviour of Rock Joints
by Asadul Haque Buddhima IndrarataThis title covers the fundamental properties of rock joints, the method of laboratory testing of rock joints, and shear strength assessment under different loading conditions. This work is intended as a reference text for students and practitioners in mining and rock engineering.
Shear Strengthening of T-beam with GFRP: A Systematic Approach (Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering)
by Kishor Chandra Panda Sudhirkumar V. Barai Sriman Kumar BhattacharyyaThis book presents a systematic approach to the experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigation of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened in shear with glass-fibre-reinforced polymers (GFRP) with variation in transverse steel reinforcements. It discusses experiments conducted on simply supported RC T-beams for control beams with and without transverse steel reinforcements and beams strengthened in shear with GFRP sheets and strips in different configurations, orientations, and variation of layers for each type of stirrup spacing. The book also includes a detailed numerical study using ANSYS performed in two stages. The first stage consists of selecting and testing relevant materials in the laboratory to establish the physical and mechanical properties of the materials. The second stage then involves testing beams for shear under two-point static loading systems. The test results demonstrate the advantage of using an externally applied, epoxy-bonded GFRP sheets and strips to increase the shear capacity of the beams. The finite element method (FEM) analysis results verify the experimental results. The book will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practicing civil engineers alike.
Shear Thickening Fluid: Case Studies in Engineering
by Selim GürgenShear Thickening Fluid: Case Studies in Engineering provides a set of case studies and research data on the cutting-edge technology of shear thickening fluid (STF) to assist readers with understanding the adaptive behavior of STF in different engineering applications. Various engineering designs are adapted by including STF to take advantage of this smart material in the areas of protective structures, energy-absorbing systems, vibration-damping devices, and surface finishing operations. A companion volume to the book Shear Thickening Fluid: Theory and Applications, this volume will be a valuable reference for practicing engineers, researchers, and scientists working in advanced materials, smart structures, and intelligent engineering applications.
Shear Thickening Fluid: Theory and Applications
by Selim GürgenShear Thickening Fluid: Theory and Applications provides a complete reference on shear thickening fluid (STF) and STF applications for engineers, researchers, and scientists. STF rheology is discussed in terms of several factors, including suspension medium, particle size, particle shape, and environmental conditions. Single-phase STF is discussed, and the novel concept of multi-phase STF is examined by considering various fillers in this smart fluid. Prominent applications of STF are categorized as multi-functional systems, adaptive damping devices, surface finishing operations, and protective structures, and the applications are described by discussing the smart behavior of STF.
Shear Thickening Fluids in Protective Applications
by Selim GürgenThis book is a complete reference to the use of shear thickening fluid (STF) in protective applications. It discusses the adaptive behavior of STF in various systems and how it is used effectively in a wide range of protective applications from low-velocity to high-velocity conditions. Covered applications include STF-based energy absorbing systems, anti-impact structures, deceleration devices, shock attenuation composites, and body armor applications. Shear Thickening Fluid in Protective Applications will be a valuable reference for practicing engineers, researchers, and scientists working in advanced materials, protective applications, and smart structures.
Shedding Light on Indoor Tanning
by Carolyn J. Heckman Sharon L. ManneSince the industrialization and urbanization of the Western workforce, tanned skin has been perceived increasingly as attractive and fashionable for naturally light-skinned individuals. However, in addition to causing tanning, photo-aging, and other health effects, ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a well-known carcinogen. Despite wide-spread awareness of UV risks, tanning has become increasingly popular in several Western countries including the USA. While millions of individuals tan indoors each day, relatively little is known about this phenomenon. This book fills that gap by providing an overview of indoor tanning, reasons for its popularity, its risks including skin cancers, and the public health context surrounding the behavior. We have invited some of the preeminent experts in the field to summarize the existing scientific literature for each of the chapters. Shedding Light on Indoor Tanning is an up-to-date and comprehensive book that provides a unique and essential overview of the most significant current issues related to indoor tanning for scientists, educators, students, clinicians, and the general public interested in dermatology, aesthetic trends, skin care, and skin cancer.
Shedding the Polarized Light on Biological Tissues (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Igor Meglinski Liliya Trifonyuk Victor Bachinsky Oleh Vanchulyak Boris Bodnar Maxim Sidor Olexander Dubolazov Alexander Ushenko Yurii Ushenko Irina V. Soltys Alexander Bykov Benjamin Hogan Tatiana NovikovaThis book explores the early-stage detection of cancer using polarized light. It discusses the diverse properties of the light (temporal and spatial coherence, polarization, fluorescence, etc.) that can be used non-invasively as an optical technique for recognizing precancerous lesions, which could become a reliable and accurate method for cancer screening. The search for the effective means for cancer screening is of particular interest to scientific and medical communities, because cancer takes its toll around the globe with no respect for age or gender. Early detection of the disease is a key factor in increasing the survival rate and patients’ quality of life.
Sheep Blast Off! (Fountas & Pinnell LLI Blue #Level H)
by Nancy ShawWhen a mysterious spacecraft lands in a nearby pasture, the lovable, blundering sheep get in gear for the ride of their lives! Unfortunately, these sheep don’t know the first thing about piloting a spaceship . . . but there may be someone else on board who does! Readers will have a blast with Nancy Shaw’s clever rhymes and Margot Apple’s hilarious illustrations in this Sheep adventure.
Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change
by Raghavendra Bhatta Rattan Lal Veerasamy Sejian John Gaughan Pradeep Kumar Malik S. M. K. NaqviThis book presents a compilation of the latest findings from reputed researchers around the globe, covering in detail climate change and its effects on sheep production. In the current global climate change scenario, information related to its impact on livestock agriculture is lacking. The negative impacts of climate change are already being felt by all livestock species. Further, the mitigation and amelioration strategies that are applicable for one species may not hold true for another. As such, concerted research efforts are needed to identify species-specific strategies for mitigation and adaptation. With that goal in mind, this book is the first of its kind to gather comprehensive information pertaining to the impact of climate change on various aspects of sheep production. It also sheds light on the role of sheep with regard to the global greenhouse gas pool. The book highlights the status quo of sheep production from climate change perspectives and projects the significance of adapting future sheep production to the challenges posed by climate change. It addresses in detail the various adaptations, methane mitigation and amelioration strategies needed to sustain sheep production in the future. In addition, the book presents development plans and policies that will allow the sheep industry to cope with current climate changes and strategies that will lessen future impacts. Bringing together essential information prepared by world-class researchers hailing from different agro-ecological zones, this book offers a unique resource for all researchers, teachers and students associated with sustaining the sheep production in the face of global change.
Sheepwrecked
by Jackie EllisThis journey through the changing seasons at Rowfoot Farm - tupping time in the autumn, winters as wet, bleak and cold here in Cumbria as elsewhere, lambing and the glories of spring, a bucolic, bee-filled Eden Valley summer with its many shows and fairs - will reveal much that you need to know about the countryside, its quirky customs and ways, and most likely a great deal that you don't. They no longer burn witches (not because they're lily-livered, it's just that getting the necessary timber from sustainable forests is a real chore). You'll find nothing here about welly-wanging either. Jackie doesn't wang her wellies, she just gets them muddy. You won't need to, of course, as this book will ensure you experience rural life vicariously and very cleanly.Along the way, Jackie bumps into friends old and new, peeps back over her shoulder every now and then to recall times past, oh and it wouldn't be her if she didn't have the occasional impassioned rant or take the odd pop at the establishment, but rest assured she's quite gentle with them. So join Jackie (and Katie the Lurcher, Blossom the Cob and Rowfoot's many other residents, four- and two-legged) as she recounts the occasional pitfall and many pleasures of running a small farm in one of the most beautiful parts of England.
Sheet Bulk Metal Forming: Research Results of the TCRC73 (Lecture Notes in Production Engineering)
by A. Erman Tekkaya Bernd-Arno Behrens Marion MerkleinThis book presents the findings of research projects from the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 73. These proceedings are the result of years of research into sheet–bulk metal forming. The book discusses the challenges posed by simulating sheet–bulk metal forming. It takes into account the different phenomena characteristic to both sheet and bulk forming fields, and explores the demands this makes on modelling the processes. It then summarizes the research, and presents from a practitioner's point of view. This means the book is of interest to and helps both academics and industrial engineers within the field of sheet–bulk metal forming.
Sheet Metal Forming Optimization: Bioinspired Approaches
by Ganesh M. Kakandikar Vilas M. NandedkarAutomotive and aerospace components, utensils, and many other products are manufactured by a forming/drawing process on press machines of very thin sheet metal, 0.8 to 1.2 mm. It is imperative to study the effect of all involved parameters on output of this type of manufacturing process. This book offers the readers with application and suitability of various evolutionary, swarm, and bio-inspired optimization algorithms for sheet metal forming processes. Book initiates by presenting basics of metal forming, formability followed by discussion of process parameters in detail, prominent modes of failure, basics of optimization and various bioinspired approaches followed by optimization studies on various industrial components applying bioinspired optimization algorithms. Key Features: • Focus on description of basic investigation of metal forming, as well as evolutionary optimization • Presentation of innovative optimization methodologies to close the gap between those formulations and industrial problems, aimed at industrial professionals • Includes mathematical modeling of drawing/forming process • Discusses key performance parameters, such as Thinning, Fracture, and Wrinkling • Includes both numerical and experimental analysis
Sheet Metal Forming Processes
by Dorel BanabicThe book gives a synthetic presentation of the research performed in the field of sheet metal forming simulation during more than twenty years by the members of three teams: the Research Centre on Sheet Metal Forming - CERTETA (Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania); AUTOFORM software-house company from Zürich, Switzerland and VOLVO automotive company from Sweden. The first chapter reminds some fundamental topics of the theory of plasticity. A more extended chapter is devoted to the presentation of the phenomenological yield criteria, emphasizing the formulations proposed by the CERTETA team (BBC models). The sheet metal formability is discussed in a separate chapter. After presenting the methods used for the formability assessment, the discussion focuses on the forming limit curves. In this context, the authors emphasize their contributions to the mathematical modeling of forming limit curves. The aspects related to the implementation of the constitutive models in finite-element codes are discussed in the last chapter of the book. The performances of the models are proved by the numerical simulation of various sheet metal forming processes: hydroforming, deep-drawing and forming of the complex parts. The book is useful for the students, doctoral fellows, researchers and engineers who are mainly interested in the mechanical modeling and numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes. Modeling and numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes.
Sheet Metal Meso- and Microforming and Their Industrial Applications
by Ming Wang Fu Xin Min Lai Lin Fa PengThe book presents a compilation of research on meso/microforming processes, and offers systematic and holistic knowledge for the physical realization of developed processes. It discusses practical applications in fabrication of meso/microscale metallic sheet-metal parts via sheet-metal meso/microforming. In addition, the book provides extensive and informative illustrations, tables, case studies, photos and figures to convey knowledge of sheet-metal meso/microforming for fabrication of meso/microscale sheet-metal products in an illustrated manner. Key Features • Presents complete analysis and discussion of micro sheet metal forming processes • Guides reader across the mechanics, failures, prediction of failures and tooling and prospective applications • Discusses definitions of multi-scaled metal forming, sheet-metal meso/microforming and the challenges in such domains • Includes meso/micro-scaled sheet-metal parts design from a micro-manufacturability perspective, process determination, tooling design, product quality analysis, insurance and control • Covers industrial application and examples
Shelf Life
by Dominic ManShelf life, a term recognised in EU/UK food legislation, may be defined as the period of time for which a food product will remain safe and fit for use, provided that it is kept in defined storage conditions. During this period, the product should retain its desired sensory, chemical, physical, functional and microbiological characteristics, as well as accurately comply with any nutritional information printed on the label. "Shelf life" therefore refers to a number of different aspects; each food product has a microbiological shelf life, a chemical shelf life, and a sensory (or organoleptic) shelf life. These categories reflect the different ways in which a food product will deteriorate over time. Ultimately the shelf life of a food product is intended to reflect the overall effect of these different aspects. Shelf life has always been an important facet of industrial food preparation and production, as food and drink are often produced in one area and then distributed to other areas for retailing and consumption. Globalised distribution and supply chains make it imperative that food should survive the transit between producer and consumer – as a perishable commodity, food carries a high risk of spoilage. As such, a realistic, workable and reproducible shelf life has to be determined every time a new food product is developed and marketed; shelf life determination of food has become an integral part of food safety, quality assurance, product development, marketing, and consumer behaviour. Dominic Man's Shelf Life, now in a revised and updated second edition, encompasses the core considerations about shelf life. Section 1 introduces shelf life, describes its relationship to food safety, and provides answers to the frequently asked questions around shelf life determination and testing which are a manager's chief concerns. Section 2 covers the science of the various ways in which food deteriorates and spoils, including the physical, chemical and microbiological changes. Section 3 looks at shelf life in practice, using case studies of different products to illustrate how shelf life may be determined in real life settings. This book will be invaluable to both practitioners and students in need of a succinct and comprehensive overview of shelf life concerns and topics.
Shelf Life Assessment of Food (Food Preservation Technology)
by Maria Cristina NicoliDetermining accurate shelf life data for foods is essential for assuring food quality and protecting consumers from the effects of degradation. With a proper balance of theory and practical examples, Shelf Life Assessment of Food presents the essential criteria and current methodologies for obtaining accurate and reliable shelf life dating. Definin
Shelf Life and Food Safety
by Basharat Nabi DarThe quality and safety of the food we eat deserves the utmost attention and is a priority for producers and consumers alike. Shelf life studies provide important information to manufacturers and consumers to ensure a high-quality food product. Various evaluation methods are used for shelf life determination and they are usually performed at the manufacturer level. Moreover, various techniques are utilized throughout the food chain that enhance the shelf life of food products.This sensitive issue is reviewed in Shelf Life and Food Safety, which brings together a group of subject experts to present up-to-date and objective discussions on a broad range of topics including food spoilage and safe preservation, packaging, and sensory aspects. The book presents both traditional and innovative technologies for enhancing food safety and increasing shelf life, along with methods for the assessment and prediction of food safety and shelf life.Key Features Overviews the issues associated with shelf life enhancement and shelf life evaluation of various food products Addresses issues important to maintaining food safety Explains how shelf life depends on factors, including ingredients for formulation, processing techniques, packaging, and storage conditions Covers shelf life evaluation methods, determinants for shelf life, food quality assessment, and basic and innovative technologies that will improve the shelf life of food products This book is the first of its kind focusing on issues related to evaluation techniques for shelf life determinants, and techniques for shelf life enhancement. It is appropriate for students, researchers, scientists, and professionals in food science and technology. It is also a helpful source of information for people involved in the food industry, food processing sector, product development, marketing, and other associated fields.
Shell Mechanics: Theory and Applications
by Philippe BischThis book is devoted to shells, a natural or human construction, whose modelling as a structure was particularly developed during the 20th century, leading to current numerical models. Many objects, in industry or civil engineering, come under shell mechanics, so a good knowledge of their behaviour and modelling is essential to master their design. The book highlights the very strong link between the deformation of geometric surfaces and the mechanics of shells. The theory is approached in a general formulation that can apply to any surface, and the applications bring the concepts and the methods of resolution to practical situations. It aims to understand the behaviour of shells and to identify the most important parameters, thus allowing a good interpretation of the numerical results. The reader will be able, with finite element software, to reproduce the proposed solutions. The book is based on the knowledge acquired by the reader in structural mechanics and provides essential information on the geometry of surfaces. It is ideal for students in the fields of engineering using mechanics, as well as professionals wishing to deepen their knowledge of shells.
Shell Structures (Vol. 2): Proceedings of the 9th SSTA Conference, Jurata, Poland, 14-16 October 2009
by Wojciech Pietraszkiewicz Ireneusz KrejaShell Structures. Theory and Applications, Volume 2 contains 77 contributions from over 17 countries, reflecting a wide spectrum of scientific and engineering problems of shell structures. The papers are divided into six broad groups: 1. General lectures; 2. Theoretical modeling; 3. Stability; 4. Dynamics; 5. Numerical analysis; 6. Engineering