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Short Pulse Laser Systems for Biomedical Applications
by Kunal Mitra Stephanie MillerThis book presents practical information on the clinical applications of short pulse laser systems and the techniques for optimizing these applications in a manner that will be relevant to a broad audience, including engineering and medical students as well as researchers, clinicians, and technicians. Short pulse laser systems are useful for both subsurface tissue imaging and laser induced thermal therapy (LITT), which hold great promise in cancer diagnostics and treatment. Such laser systems may be used alone or in combination with optically active nanoparticles specifically administered to the tissues of interest for enhanced contrast in imaging and precise heating during LITT. Mathematical and computational models of short pulse laser-tissue interactions that consider the transient radiative transport equation coupled with a bio-heat equation considering the initial transients of laser heating were developed to analyze the laser-tissue interaction during imaging and therapy. Experiments were first performed to characterize the tissue optical properties needed to optimize the dose for thermal therapy. Experiments were then performed on animal models to characterize the heat affected zone for LITT. The experimental measurements were also validated using the computational models.
Short Range Optical Wireless
by Mohsen Kavehrad M. I. Chowdhury Zhou ZhouThis book discusses the fundamental aspects of multiple-source Optical Wireless Applications, including Visible Light Communications (VLC). Moreover, the authors explore VLC performance in several conventional household layouts and investigate the impact of these layouts on VLC. Multiple sources increase multipath distortion. Multi-input- Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques will be included as they provide either reliability improvement or bandwidth efficiency increase. Based on these topics, the book further explores VLC performance in real applications, such as aircraft cabin wireless communications. In addition, the authors describe the Lambertian emitting pattern of LEDs and the diffused features in indoor environments. Based on the theory, they trace light pulses to establish a MIMO indoor wireless channel model on specific sources layout. Next, they generate test data to simulate BER distribution in a room and calculate the outage. Furthermore, addresses the performance improvement when MIMO techniques are applied. Lastly, the authors investigate VLC performance in specific applications, including for aircraft on-board wireless communications. Finally, the pitfalls of MIMO systems are discussed.
Short Season
by Scott Eller[from the back cover] "Striking Out For Brad, it's always been great having an older brother like Dean--to play stickball with, to have as a buddy or just to talk to. And on the baseball field, Dean's golden glove and Brad's hitting eye can't be beat. They're more than brothers--they're a team. But Dean's been acting different lately, and Brad doesn't know why. He hardly talks to Brad anymore--all of a sudden he's just too busy. Things are bad enough, but the league play-offs are coming up, and Brad doesn't have Dean to cover for him in the outfield anymore. Brad's spent his life being part of a team--can he really make it on his own?"
Short-Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors
by Tarek ZakiThis work takes advantage of high-resolution silicon stencil masks to build air-stable complementary OTFTs using a low-temperature fabrication process. Plastic electronics based on organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) pave the way for cheap, flexible and large-area products. Over the past few years, OTFTs have undergone remarkable advances in terms of reliability, performance and scale of integration. Many factors contribute to the allure of this technology; the masks exhibit excellent stiffness and stability, thus allowing OTFTs with submicrometer channel lengths and superb device uniformity to be patterned. Furthermore, the OTFTs employ an ultra-thin gate dielectric that provides a sufficiently high capacitance to enable the transistors to operate at voltages as low as 3 V. The critical challenges in this development are the subtle mechanisms that govern the properties of aggressively scaled OTFTs. These mechanisms, dictated by device physics, are well described and implemented into circuit-design tools to ensure adequate simulation accuracy.
Short-Circuits in AC and DC Systems: ANSI, IEEE, and IEC Standards
by J. C. DasThis book provides an understanding of the nature of short-circuit currents, current interruption theories, circuit breaker types, calculations according to ANSI/IEEE and IEC standards, theoretical and practical basis of short-circuit current sources, and the rating structure of switching devices. The book aims to explain the nature of short-circuit currents, the symmetrical components for unsymmetrical faults, and matrix methods of solutions, which are invariably used on digital computers. It includes innovations, worked examples, case studies, and solved problems.
Short-Reach Optical Wireless Communication: By Directed Narrow Beams
by Ton KoonenA deep dive into indoor optical wireless communication networks In Short-Reach Optical Wireless Communication: By Directed Narrow Beams, distinguished researcher Ton Koonen delivers an in-depth discussion of the design of indoor optical wireless networks and their key functions. The book explores the steering function for directing beams two-dimensionally to devices, the localization function for device finding and the receive function for devices in order to maximize the range of angles and aperture through which light can be captured. These functions have been analyzed, designed, realized, and validated, as well as integrated in a laboratory setting for proof of concept of bidirectional all-optical wireless communication. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to how key optical wireless communication techniques are realized and validatedIllustrative examples of optical wireless technologyPractical discussions of foundational concepts that underlie optical wireless communication and its expected benefits, and a comparison with radio wireless techniquesA large collection of figures, including photos of experimental setups, layouts of system concepts, and optical system modelling based on ray tracing analysis using MATLAB Perfect for academic and industrial researchers with an interest in optical wireless communication, Short-Reach Optical Wireless Communication: By Directed Narrow Beams will also benefit professionals working and studying in the areas of optical communication modules and systems.
Shortcut to Superconductivity: Superconducting Electronics via COMSOL Modeling
by Armen GulianThis accessible textbook offers a novel, concept-led approach to superconducting electronics, using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to help describe fundamental principles in an intuitive manner.Based on a course taught by the author and aimed primarily at engineering students, the book explains concepts effectively and efficiently, uncovering the “shortcut” to understanding each topic, enabling readers to quickly grasp the underlying essence. The book is divided into two main parts; the first part provides a general introduction to key topics encountered in superconductivity, illustrated using COMSOL simulations based on time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations and avoiding any deeply mathematical derivations. It includes numerous worked examples and problem sets with tips and solutions.The second part of the book is more conventional in nature, providing detailed derivations of the basic equations from first principles. This part covers more advanced topics, including the BCS-Gor'kov-Eliashberg approach to equilibrium properties of superconductors, the derivation of kinetic equations for nonequilibrium superconductors, and the derivation of time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations, used as the basis for COMSOL modeling in the first part.Supported throughout by an extensive library of COMSOL Multiphysics animations, the book serves as a uniquely accessible introduction to the field for engineers and others with a less rigorous background in physics and mathematics. However, it also features more detailed mathematical background for those wishing to delve further into the subject.
Shortcuts (Sanity & Tallulah #3)
by Molly BrooksEverything is up in the air when the problem-solving best friends Sanity and Tallulah find themselves co-pilots on an unplanned adventure filled with action, adventure, and dangerous situations.Tallulah is great at piloting! And with her learner's permit freshly reinstated, she has the perfect opportunity to prove it: filling in on the mail route to nearby stations while all the regular pilots are out sick. It's her first big solo flight, and yeah, okay, her parking could use some work, but she's not even a little bit nervous—she's got Sanity along as copilot, plenty of old flight logs for navigation, and they'll be in radio contact with Wilnick almost the whole time. All they have to do is follow the pre-approved route and stay out of the dangerous, uncharted, explosives-littered debris cloud . . . no matter how tempting a shortcut it is. Oh, and don't cross the military blockade into the United Territories, obviously. See? No sweat!Sanity and Tallulah's pre-approved route didn't say anything about space stations exploding, enemies in need of rescue, or getting caught in the middle of a border crisis in danger of escalating into all-out war, but sometimes totally awesome pilots have to change plans on the fly, and only an excellent copilot can keep things from going completely upside down.
Shorted: A Tor Original
by Alex IrvineDamon’s UBI royalties just crashed. His social capital went up in smoke. His girlfriend left him. Now he finds out he’s going to die. What to do? Solve his own murder, for starters…and maybe, just maybe, strike it rich along the way.At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.
Shortest Path Solvers. From Software to Wetware (Emergence, Complexity And Computation Ser. #32)
by Andrew AdamatzkyThis book offers advanced parallel and distributed algorithms and experimental laboratory prototypes of unconventional shortest path solvers. In addition, it presents novel and unique algorithms of solving shortest problems in massively parallel cellular automaton machines. The shortest path problem is a fundamental and classical problem in graph theory and computer science and is frequently applied in the contexts of transport and logistics, telecommunication networks, virtual reality and gaming, geometry, and social networks analysis. Software implementations include distance-vector algorithms for distributed path computation in dynamics networks, parallel solutions of the constrained shortest path problem, and application of the shortest path solutions in gathering robotic swarms. Massively parallel algorithms utilise cellular automata, where a shortest path is computed either via matrix multiplication in automaton arrays, or via the representation of data graphs in automaton lattices and using the propagation of wave-like patterns. Unconventional shortest path solvers are presented in computer models of foraging behaviour and protoplasmic network optimisation by the slime mould Physarum polycephalum and fluidic devices, while experimental laboratory prototypes of path solvers using chemical media, flows and droplets, and electrical current are also highlighted. The book will be a pleasure to explore for readers from all walks of life, from undergraduate students to university professors, from mathematicians, computers scientists and engineers to chemists and biologists.
Shot-Earth for an Eco-friendly and Human-Comfortable Construction Industry (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by Angelo Marcello Tarantino Marco Viviani Franco CotanaThis book presents an innovative and environmentally friendly type of excavated earth-based building material, called Shot-Earth. The use of a common excavated earth as a construction material (both for structural and non-structural applications) has many important advantages, the main one being that the soil can be used as a zero kilo and zero cost material, being used in the same place where it is excavated. This volume collects the main results obtained by the research units in the FIRS2019-00245 research project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR) and dedicated to the study of Shot-Earth materials. Many of the exposed contributions concern the optimization of the mixture and application technique, which consists in the application of the mixture sprayed on a support (that serves as formwork), with or without reinforcements, by using a pressure pipe (that is by a high-speed projection). This new construction technique allows to quickly realise a variety of structural systems, even with a complex geometry (like vaults, arches, shells, tunnel coatings, underground tanks, waterproofing of walls for landfills and waste storages, slope stabilization, etc.). An additional feature of Shot-Earth is that it can be used to realise high energy-efficient buildings. In particular, this innovative technology can improve the capacity of a building to auto-regulate its interior heat and humidity, increasing indoor environment quality and energy performance and reducing building gas emissions.
Shotcrete: Elements of a System
by Erik Stefan BernardOver the last twenty years we have witnessed a revolution in ground stabilization in both underground and above-ground applications, thanks largely to the widespread adoption of shotcrete as a medium for support. Shotcrete technology continues to evolve and improve as its utilization increases. From relatively obscure and sporadic beginnings, it ha
Shotcrete: Engineering Developments
by E. Stefan BernardA reference for shotcrete technologists and practitioners on this method of concrete placement and its great scope for adaptability, optimization, and error. The text assesses laboratory research projects and also focusses on innovative developments in this field.
Shotcrete: Materials, Performance and Use (Modern Concrete Technology #22)
by Dudley Robert Morgan Marc JolinShotcrete: Materials, Performance and Use is a comprehensive textbook covering the current state-of-the-art shotcrete technology. It provides an overview of the many and various uses of shotcrete. Shotcrete is well suited for construction of curvilinear structures (domes, shells, bobsleigh/luge tracks, etc.) and overhead shotcrete applications (seismic retrofit, repairs, ground support, etc.) that could not be constructed technically and/or economically using conventional formed, cast-in-place concrete construction methods. It contains chapters on history, shotcrete materials and mixture proportioning, performance, shotcrete research, equipment and shotcrete application. It is also comprised of shotcrete case history examples including buildings and structures, infrastructure repair and rehabilitation, ground support and shoring, underground support in tunnels and mines, swimming pools and spas, and, finally, architectural shotcrete. This text should be of interest to design engineers and architects considering the use of the technology, as well as academics. It serves as a useful guide to contractors using shotcrete in one or more of its many and various applications.
Shotcrete: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Engineering Developments in Shotcrete, October 2004, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
by Erik Stefan BernardMarking a crucial point in the sharing of research, this cutting-edge text spearheads advances in cross-industry expertise. Presenting papers addressing topics ranging from repair, accreditation of nozzlemen, and early-age performance, to the blast resistance of shotcrete linings, the work draws on contributions from individuals across the shotcret
Should We Eat Meat Evolution and Consequences of Modern Carnivory: Evolution and Consequences of Modern Carnivory
by Vaclav SmilMeat eating is often a contentious subject, whether considering the technical, ethical, environmental, political, or health-related aspects of production and consumption.This book is a wide-ranging and interdisciplinary examination and critique of meat consumption by humans, throughout their evolution and around the world. Setting the scene with a chapter on meat's role in human evolution and its growing influence during the development of agricultural practices, the book goes on to examine modern production systems, their efficiencies, outputs, and impacts. The major global trends of meat consumption are described in order to find out what part its consumption plays in changing modern diets in countries around the world. The heart of the book addresses the consequences of the "massive carnivory" of western diets, looking at the inefficiencies of production and at the huge impacts on land, water, and the atmosphere. Health impacts are also covered, both positive and negative. In conclusion, the author looks forward at his vision of "rational meat eating", where environmental and health impacts are reduced, animals are treated more humanely, and alternative sources of protein make a higher contribution.Should We Eat Meat? is not an ideological tract for or against carnivorousness but rather a careful evaluation of meat's roles in human diets and the environmental and health consequences of its production and consumption. It will be of interest to a wide readership including professionals and academics in food and agricultural production, human health and nutrition, environmental science, and regulatory and policy making bodies around the world.
Shovel-Truck Systems: Modelling, Analysis and Calculations
by Jacek M. CzaplickiThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of the exploitation process of shovel-truck systems using modelling, analysis and calculations following specific procedures:- analyzing the reliability and accessibility of shovels- discussing the functioning of a truck-repair shop system- reliability of trucks- existence of haulers reserve- repair shop
Showing Poultry: A Complete Guide to Exhibiting Your Birds. A Storey BASICS® Title (Storey Basics)
by Glenn DrownsExpert Glenn Drowns offers all the information and guidance you need to successfully exhibit your poultry at fairs and expositions. Learn how to select the best breeds and birds for exhibition and how to raise them with the proper diet, health care, and handling so that they are at their best by showtime. Drowns includes a useful countdown to help you plan tasks, from pest prevention to cage training, as well as dozens of tips on what judges are looking for.
Showstopper!: The Breakneck Race to Create Windows NT and the Next Generation at Microsoft
by G. Pascal ZacharyThis &“inside account captures the energy—and the madness—of the software giant&’s race to develop a critical new program. . . . Gripping&” (Fortune Magazine).Showstopper is the dramatic, inside story of the creation of Windows NT, told by Wall Street Journal reporter G. Pascal Zachary. Driven by the legendary David Cutler, a picked band of software engineers sacrifices almost everything in their lives to build a new, stable, operating system aimed at giving Microsoft a platform for growth through the next decade of development in the computing business. Comparable in many ways to the Pulitzer Prize–winning book The Soul of a New Machine by Tracy Kidder, Showstopper gets deep inside the process of software development, the lives and motivations of coders and the pressure to succeed coupled with the drive for originality and perfection that can pull a diverse team together to create a program consisting of many hundreds of thousands of lines of code.
Shrimp Culture Technology: Farming, Health Management and Quality Assurance
by Soottawat Benjakul Avtar Singh Prabjeet Singh Anuj TyagiThis book focuses on the global scenario of shrimp farming, shrimp culture practices, shrimp biology, taxonomy, and major disease challenges along with disease diagnostics in shrimp farming. It covers all the recent advancements in shrimp culture technology and serves as a comprehensive guide for all the stakeholders associated with the shrimp industry, including academicians, students, research laboratories, shrimp culturists, and institutional libraries. This book discusses major disease challenges, disease diagnostics, value addition, quality control, industry scenario, marketing, and processing. The book chapters are elucidated with pictorial representations and self-explanatory flow charts. Individual chapters devoted to shrimp pathology, major disease challenges, pathogen isolation techniques, and diagnostic methods are important parts of the book. This book is of interest to aquaculture practitioners, academicians, students, and researchers directly or indirectly involved in shrimp culture.
Shrinking the Cat: Genetic Engineering Before We Knew About Genes
by Sue HubbellIn this timely and controversial work, Sue Hubbell contends that the concept of genetic engineering is anything but new, for humans have been tinkering with genetics for centuries. Focusing on four specific examples -- corn, silkworms, domestic cats, and apples -- she traces the histories of species that have been fundamentally altered over the centuries by the whims and needs of people.
Shrinking the Technosphere
by Dmitry OrlovOver the past two centuries we have witnessed a wholesale replacement of most of the previous methods of conducting both business and daily life with new, technologically advanced, more efficient methods. What exactly is progressive or efficient about this new arrangement is hardly ever examined in depth: if the new ways of doing things are so much better, then we must all be leading relaxed, stress-free, enjoyable lives with plenty of free time to devote to art and leisure activities. But a more careful look at these changes shows us that many of these advances are not weighing favourably in a harm/benefit comparison. The harm to the environment, society, and even to our own personalities, on an individual level, is plain to see, but is brushed off with hollow claims about efficiency and progress. Shrinking the Technosphere guides readers through the process of bringing technology down to a manageable number of carefully chosen, essential, well-understood and controllable elements. It is about regaining the freedom to use technology for our own benefit, and is critical reading for all who seek to get back to a point where technologies assist us rather than control us. Dmitry Orlov was born in Leningrad, USSR, and emigrated to the United States in the mid-1970s. He holds degrees in Computer Engineering and Linguistics, and has worked in a variety of fields, including high-energy physics, Internet commerce, network security and advertising. He is the author of several previous books, including Reinventing Collapse and The Five Stages of Collapse.
Shutdown: A Thriller
by R. J. PineiroThe silicon chip, the soul of today's machines, governs every aspect of our modern society. Dominance in semiconductors equates dominance in the new millennium. But, something has gone wrong. A terrible railway accident in Florida, leaving dozens dead, and countless more injured is traced to faulty computer chips. One woman figures out that the faulty chips weren't due to negligence, but to sabotage. Erika Conklin was forced to work for the FBI due to her hacking abilities. Enlisting the seasoned abilities of FBI Agent Brent McClaine, they launch an investigation that spans two continents. From Silicon Valley to the ruthless Far East markets, Erika and Brent must combine their computer and field talents before the next shutdown.At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.
Shuttle, Houston: My Life in the Center Seat of Mission Control
by Paul DyeFrom the longest-serving Flight Director in NASA's history comes a revealing account of high-stakes Mission Control work and the Space Shuttle program that has redefined our relationship with the universe.A compelling look inside the Space Shuttle missions that helped lay the groundwork for the Space Age, Shuttle, Houston explores the determined personalities, technological miracles, and eleventh-hour saves that have given us human spaceflight.Relaying stories of missions (and their grueling training) in vivid detail, Paul Dye, NASA's longest-serving Flight Director, examines the split-second decisions that the directors and astronauts were forced to make in a field where mistakes are unthinkable, and where errors led to the loss of national resources -- and more importantly one's crew. Dye's stories from the heart of Mission Control explain the mysteries of flying the Shuttle -- from the powerful fiery ascent to the majesty of on-orbit operations to the high-speed and critical re-entry and landing of a hundred-ton glider.The Space Shuttles flew 135 missions. Astronauts conducted space walks, captured satellites, and docked with the Mir Space Station, bringing space into our everyday life, from GPS to satellite TV. Shuttle, Houston puts readers in his own seat at Mission Control, the hub that made humanity's leap into a new frontier possible.
Si Detectors and Characterization for HEP and Photon Science Experiment: How to Design Detectors by TCAD Simulation
by Ajay Kumar SrivastavaThis book reviews the HL-LHC experiments and the fourth-generation photon science experiments, discussing the latest radiation hardening techniques, optimization of device & process parameters using TCAD simulation tools, and the experimental characterization required to develop rad-hard Si detectors for x-ray induced surface damage and bulk damage by hadronic irradiation.Consisting of eleven chapters, it introduces various types of strip and pixel detector designs for the current upgrade, radiation, and dynamic range requirement of the experiments, and presents an overview of radiation detectors, especially Si detectors. It also describes the design of pixel detectors, experiments and characterization of Si detectors.The book is intended for researchers and master’s level students with an understanding of radiation detector physics. It provides a concept that uses TCAD simulation to optimize the electrical performance of the devices used in the harsh radiation environment of the colliders and at XFEL.